CN104387558B - 建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104387558B
CN104387558B CN201410707165.2A CN201410707165A CN104387558B CN 104387558 B CN104387558 B CN 104387558B CN 201410707165 A CN201410707165 A CN 201410707165A CN 104387558 B CN104387558 B CN 104387558B
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徐业峰
朱文静
李明友
殷晓峰
张佳佳
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Shandong Inov New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料及其制备方法，属于聚氨酯改性技术领域。本发明所述的建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料，由组分A和组分B制成，组分A和组分B的重量百分比为1:1.6，组分A由聚酯多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、泡沫稳定剂、化学发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂、物理发泡剂组成，组分B为多甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。本发明制备的建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料，不仅具有高阻燃性、高抗压强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度的特性，而且兼具木质材料的使用特性；本发明同时提供了建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料的制备方法，其工艺简单、成本低、生产效率高。

Description

建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料及其制备方法，属于组合聚醚技术领域。
背景技术
由于森林资源的过度开采，造成了生态环境恶化和水土流失，聚氨酯仿木材料作为木材的优良替代品，在我国木材资源极度溃乏的现如今，必将成为户内外建筑装饰材料的主流。
现在市场上制备聚氨酯仿木料时，组合聚醚中一般使用的催化剂为PC8(N,N-二甲基环己胺)、Y-27(N,N-二甲基苄胺)、PC41(1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)-六氢化三嗪)，其易挥发、气味性大，对人体呼吸道、眼睛、皮肤具有强烈的刺激作用，且三聚反应较慢，影响生产效率。在聚氨酯仿木用组合聚醚中所使用的物理发泡剂以141b(一氟二氯乙烷)为主，因141b(一氟二氯乙烷)的ODP(臭氧消耗值)为0.11，要想达到完全环保的目的是不可能实现的，因此研发新型环保型聚氨酯仿木料用组合聚醚是形势所趋。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料，其不仅具有高阻燃性、高抗压强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度的特性，而且兼具木质材料的使用特性；本发明同时提供了建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料的制备方法，其工艺简单、成本低、生产效率高。
本发明所述的建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料，由组分A和组分B制成，组分A和组分B的重量百分比为1:1.6，其中：
(1)组分A由以下重量百分含量的原料组成：
(2)组分B为多甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
所述聚酯多元醇A为官能度为2，分子量为300-400的聚酯多元醇，优选CF-6925(江苏富盛)。
所述聚醚多元醇B为官能度为3，分子量为500-800的聚醚多元醇，优选EDS-5083(江苏长能)。
所述物理发泡剂为HFC-365mfc(1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷)和HFC-134a(1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷)的混合物，混合质量比为95-100:1-5。
所述泡沫稳定剂为非水解硅碳类表面活性剂，优选L6952(美国迈图)。
所述化学发泡剂为水，优选去离子水。
所述催化剂为胺类耐水解催化剂、胺类三聚催化剂和胺类辅助型三聚共催化剂的混合物，混合质量比为0.3-2:1-2:0.2-1。胺类耐水解催化剂优选PC8(N,N二甲基环己胺)；胺类三聚催化剂，优选Dabco JXP508(空气化工)；胺类辅助型三聚共催化剂，优选DabcoJXP509(空气化工)。
所述阻燃剂为TCPP[三(2-氯丙基)磷酸酯]和TEP(三乙基磷酸酯)的混合物，混合质量比为6-9:1-4。
所述的建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)组分A的制备：将聚酯多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、泡沫稳定剂、化学发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂、物理发泡剂依次加入反应釜中，常温搅拌1～1.5小时，得到组分A；
(2)将组分A和组分B按重量配比混合后反应，制备得到建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料。
本发明所述的建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料，利用胺类耐水解催化剂、胺类三聚催化剂和胺类辅助型三聚共催化剂的混合物来催化反应进行，该混合物具有低气味、高活性的优点，有效解决原配方工艺中存在的缺点，提高了***流动性、改善密度分布；提高了三聚转化率、提升阻燃性能；有效改善了泡沫压缩强度、尺寸稳定性、防止泡沫收缩；同时还提高了生产效率。
本发明利用TCPP[三(2-氯丙基)磷酸酯]和TEP(三乙基磷酸酯)的混合物为阻燃剂，在有效降低体系粘度、改善操作性能的同时，在三聚催化剂体系的作用下可使仿木料氧指数达到32％以上，使此种仿木建筑、家具制品具备优良的阻燃防火特性。
本发明利用HFC-365mfc(1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷)、HFC-134a(1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷)的混合物HFC-365mfc/134a作为物理发泡剂，其无闪点，沸点20℃，ODP值为0，生产过程无有害气体排出，发出的泡沫的泡孔细腻均匀、内部强度高、导热低。
本发明制得的建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料，一方面具有阻燃性高、抗压强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度较高的特性，另一方面生产成本较低，节约了生产资源。
经检测，建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料可以达到以下指标：
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明所述的建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料，具有高阻燃性、高抗压强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、防潮、防蛀和环保的特性；
(2)本发明所述的建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料，兼具木质材料可钉、可刨、可锯的使用特性，且外观、手感、密度和木材类似；
(3)本发明所述的建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料的制备方法，工艺简单、成本低、生产效率高。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但其并不限制本发明的实施。
实施例1
制备A组份100Kg，分别称量：聚酯多元醇A CF-6925(江苏富盛)：35Kg，聚醚多元醇B EDS-5083(江苏长能)：30Kg，催化剂PC8(N,N二甲基环己胺)：0.3Kg，JXP508(空气化工)：2Kg，JXP509(空气化工)：0.2Kg，去离子水：0.5Kg，L6952：1.5Kg，TCPP[三(2-氯丙基)磷酸酯]：20Kg，TEP(三乙基磷酸酯)：10Kg，HFC-365mfc(1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷):0.48Kg，HFC-134a(1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷)：0.02Kg。
将称量好的聚酯多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、泡沫稳定剂、化学发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂、物理发泡剂，依次加入反应釜中，在常温下搅拌1小时，即得A组份，从反应釜中取出装桶入库。
将A、B组份按A:B＝100:160重量配比混合制成建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料，B组份为多甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯，测试产品质量性能，结果见表1。
实施例2
制备A组份100Kg，分别称量：聚酯多元醇A CF-6925(江苏富盛)：45Kg，聚醚多元醇B EDS-5083(江苏长能)：23Kg，催化剂PC8(N,N二甲基环己胺)：0.3Kg，JXP508(空气化工)：1Kg，JXP509(空气化工)：0.2Kg，水：0.1Kg，L6952：1.8Kg，TCPP[三(2-氯丙基)磷酸酯]:20Kg，TEP(三乙基磷酸酯):5Kg，HFC-365mfc(1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷):3.5Kg，HFC-134a(1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷)：0.1Kg。
将称量好的聚酯多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、泡沫稳定剂、化学发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂、物理发泡剂，依次加入反应釜中，在常温下搅拌1.5小时，即得A组份，从反应釜中取出装桶入库。
将A、B组份按A:B＝100:160重量配比混合制成建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料，B为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，测试产品质量性能,结果见表1。
实施例3
制备A组份100Kg，分别称量：聚酯多元醇A CF-6925(江苏富盛)：55Kg，聚醚多元醇B EDS-5083(江苏长能)：20Kg，催化剂PC8(N,N二甲基环己胺)：0.45Kg，JXP508(空气化工)：1.2Kg，JXP509(空气化工)：0.3Kg，水：0.05Kg，L6952：2Kg，TCPP[三(2-氯丙基)磷酸酯]：10Kg,TEP(三乙基磷酸酯):6Kg，HFC-365mfc(1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷):4.8Kg，HFC-134a(1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷)：0.2Kg。
将称量好的聚酯多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、泡沫稳定剂、化学发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂、物理发泡剂，依次加入反应釜中，在常温下搅拌1.2小时，即得A组份，从反应釜中取出装桶入库。
将A、B组份按A:B＝100:160重量配比混合制成建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料，测试产品质量性能，结果见表1。
表1 实施例1-3制备的聚氨酯仿木料的质量性能测试结果
质量性能 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
阻燃性(％) 32.1 32.3 30.1
抗压强度(MPa) 3.8 4.1 2.1
拉伸强度(MPa) 3.6 4.7 2.5
弯曲强度(MPa) 5.5 6.6 4.6

Claims (4)

1.一种建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料，其特征在于：由组分A和组分B制成，组分A和组分B的重量百分比为1:1.6，其中：
(1)组分A由以下重量百分含量的原料组成：
所述聚酯多元醇A为官能度为2、分子量为300-400的聚酯多元醇；
所述聚醚多元醇B为官能度为3、分子量为500-800的聚醚多元醇；
所述物理发泡剂为1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷和1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷的混合物，混合质量比为95-100:1-5；
所述催化剂为胺类耐水解催化剂、胺类三聚催化剂和胺类辅助型三聚共催化剂的混合物，混合质量比为0.3-2：1-2:0.2-1；
所述阻燃剂为三(2-氯丙基)磷酸酯和三乙基磷酸酯的混合物，混合质量比为6-9:1-4；
(2)组分B为多甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料，其特征在于：泡沫稳定剂为非水解硅碳类表面活性剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料，其特征在于：化学发泡剂为水。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一所述的建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)组分A的制备：将聚酯多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、泡沫稳定剂、化学发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂、物理发泡剂依次加入反应釜中，常温搅拌1～1.5小时，得到组分A；
(2)将组分A和组分B按重量配比混合后反应，制备得到建材用环保型阻燃聚氨酯仿木料。
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