CN104383421A - 用于失眠多梦的药物制剂 - Google Patents

用于失眠多梦的药物制剂 Download PDF

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CN104383421A
CN104383421A CN201410739456.XA CN201410739456A CN104383421A CN 104383421 A CN104383421 A CN 104383421A CN 201410739456 A CN201410739456 A CN 201410739456A CN 104383421 A CN104383421 A CN 104383421A
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parts
radix
fructus
pharmaceutical preparation
insomnia
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黄勇
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于失眠多梦的药物制剂,其由下述原料制备而得,当归、五味子、百合、丁香、大腹皮、铁苋菜、草果、蒲公英、玉竹、黄芪、红景天、肉桂、枸杞子、鸡血藤、茯苓、香附、苍耳子、麦冬、淫羊藿、柏子仁、远志、石菖蒲、大枣、合欢皮、甘草、熟地黄、人参。本发明的制剂对失眠多梦标本兼治、无副作用、价格低廉,制作简便,具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

用于失眠多梦的药物制剂
技术领域
本发明属于药物技术领域,具体的,涉及一种用于失眠多梦药的药物制剂。
 
背景技术
失眠通常指患者对睡眠时间和或质量不满足并影响白天社会功能的一种主观体验,包括入睡困难、时常觉醒及(或)晨醒过早。可引起人的疲劳感、不安、全身不适、无精打采、反应迟缓、头痛、记忆力不集中等症状,它的最大影响是精神方面的,严重一点会导致精神***。常见临床类型有:原发性睡眠障碍、继发性睡眠障碍、假性失眠。随着社会经济的飞速发展、生活节奏的加快,社会环境发生了巨大变化,给人们的生活、工作带来了紧张、压力和竞争,直接影响人们的身心健康,长期的紧张和疲劳状态,或强烈的精神刺激,能引起大脑神经功能活动的紊乱,导致失眠的发病率呈渐增趋势。
现代医学一般从以下方面入手治疗:1、用镇静催眠药物以阻断脑干网状结构的上行激动***,从而达到镇静催眠的作用,代表药物有:安定、舒乐安定等。2、中枢兴奋药:因失眠患者夜间不能入睡,大脑得不到休息,白天困倦,用中枢兴奋药促使白天兴奋,代表药有:咖啡因等。3、调节营养植物神经的药物;失眠病例中有相当的比例是因植物神经功能紊乱引起的,初期可选用调节营养植物神经的药物,极少数病人可获得一定效果。但一定在早期应用,代表药有:谷维素片、维生素B1、维生素B6片。一旦患有失眠症,有些人会采用西药治疗,但在治疗过程中往往会发现自己困倦乏力,走路不稳;记忆力下降,健忘,口渴等,还有的人会出现兴奋、焦躁、食欲不振,出皮疹,少数人会出现血象异常,对长期用药的患者极易引起药物的依赖。一旦停药会产生噩梦,这会给很多患者带来精神障碍、抑郁症的出现,往往副作用大,容易上瘾,产生依赖性。近年来,随着社会经济的飞速发展、生活节奏的加快,社会环境发生了巨大变化,给人们的生活、工作带来了紧张、压力和竞争,直接影响人们的身心健康,长期的紧张和疲劳状态,或强烈的精神刺激,能引起大脑神经功能活动的紊乱,导致失眠的发病率呈渐增趋势。
祖国医学对失眠症有广泛的研究,中医辨证分为:肝气郁结证、心肾不交证、心脾两虚证。其发病机制,多属气血和脏腑功能失调,气虚血运不畅,经络运行受阻。治疗则以气血运行通畅为原则。一般说来,其病理变化多以虚居多,但久病可表现为虚实兼夹,或为瘀血所致。中药在失眠调治方面有着良好的效果,发挥着巨大作用。因其标本兼治,安全无毒副作用而引起国人的广泛应用和关注。失眠最好要用中药全面调理。但一般的中药因为条件所限很难达到理论上的治疗效果,有些属于治标不治本,有些在应用过程中由于疗效不确定而中断使用,另外,还存在针对性差的技术问题。
中药用于治疗失眠即不会成瘾,也不会产生依赖性。有一大批高科技中医药成果在失眠治疗领域发挥着重要作用,但也存在一些问题,如有些药物起效慢,药味较多,不便于制备使用,效果不十分明显,服用时间长,疗效不稳定等等。因此,开发一种高效低毒、标本兼治的用于失眠多梦的药物制剂仍是临床的急切需要。
 
发明内容  
本发明的目的是提供一种标本兼治、副作用小、安全方便、价格低廉的中药制剂。其目的是为了解决治疗患者失眠多梦,克服西药毒副作用大,停药易反复,治疗效果不显著的问题,达到标本兼治的目的。
本申请发明人有鉴于现有的失眠多梦药物存在的缺陷,基于从事中医药多年丰富的临床经验及专业知识,结合前人大量配方,通过对传统中药的研究,并结合辩证论证,多方收集众家之长,寻求最佳治疗方案。
发明人从祖国医学宝库中,筛选出养心血、安心神、降虚烦、解郁开窍的天然中药,按中医理论组方,提取精华,使其发挥清心处烦、养阴生津、安神养心之功效,采用纯天然中药原料,经***研究、科学配伍,结合传统中医技术精心配制成本发明的治疗失眠多梦药物制剂,对失眠多梦有快速治愈的功效。 
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
用于失眠多梦的药物制剂,其由下述原料制备而得,
当归、五味子、百合、丁香、大腹皮、铁苋菜、草果、蒲公英、玉竹、
黄芪、红景天、肉桂、枸杞子、鸡血藤、茯苓、香附、苍耳子、麦冬、
淫羊藿、柏子仁、远志、石菖蒲、大枣、合欢皮、甘草、熟地黄、人参。
优选地,用于失眠多梦的药物制剂,其特征在于由下述重量配比原料制备而得,
当归35份、五味子35份、百合30份、丁香30份、大腹皮30份、
铁苋菜28份、草果28份、蒲公英25份、玉竹25份、黄芪25份、
红景天20份、肉桂20份、枸杞子20份、鸡血藤20份、茯苓20份、
香附15份、苍耳子15份、麦冬15份、淫羊藿15份、柏子仁10份、
远志10份、石菖蒲10份、大枣10份、合欢皮8份、甘草8份、
熟地黄5份、人参3份。
本发明药物可以加一种或多种药学上可接受的载体混合制成任何一种临床上或药学上可接受的剂型,优选口服制剂。以口服给药的方式施用于需要这种治疗的患者时,可将其制成常规的固体制剂,如片剂、胶囊、软胶囊等。
优选地,其制备方法如下:
(1)    按照重量份数称取原料药备用。
(2) 取五味子、铁苋菜、草果、蒲公英、玉竹、黄芪、红景天、肉桂、淫羊藿、石菖蒲、人参混合,加相对于混合物5倍量95%的乙醇,回流提取3次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎成粉末,即为复合物A;
(3)取剩余成分,加3倍重量的水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次煎煮液,将煎煮液减压干燥获得密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,粉碎成粉末,即为复合物B;
(4)将复合物A、复合物B混合搅拌均匀, 灭菌消毒制备胶囊。
功能与主治补气血,养心肾,健脑安神。用于失眠多梦,头晕心悸,身倦无力,体虚自汗,阳痿遗精。
用法用量: 口服,一次3次,一次0.3g
注意:高血压患者忌服,温开水送服。服药期间忌食辛辣及寒凉食物,避免情志刺激,生活要有规律。
本发明药物制成制剂时,可采用现有制药领域中的常规方法生产,需要的时候可以添加各种药学上可接受的载体。所述的载体包括药学领域常规的稀释剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、吸附载体、润滑剂等。 
本发明制剂全方配伍符合中药“君臣佐使”原则,经药效学实验验证,具有显著的养阴生津,清心降火,健脾益气功效,是一种安全有效的治疗失眠的制剂。
 
具体实施方式
实施例1
用于失眠多梦的药物制剂,其特征在于由下述重量配比原料制备而得,
当归35份、五味子35份、百合30份、丁香30份、大腹皮30份、
铁苋菜28份、草果28份、蒲公英25份、玉竹25份、黄芪25份、
红景天20份、肉桂20份、枸杞子20份、鸡血藤20份、茯苓20份、
香附15份、苍耳子15份、麦冬15份、淫羊藿15份、柏子仁10份、
远志10份、石菖蒲10份、大枣10份、合欢皮8份、甘草8份、
熟地黄5份、人参3份。
制备方法如下:
(1)按照重量份数称取原料药备用。
(2) 取五味子、铁苋菜、草果、蒲公英、玉竹、黄芪、红景天、肉桂、淫羊藿、石菖蒲、人参混合,加相对于混合物5倍重量95%的乙醇,回流提取3次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎成粉末,即为复合物A;
(3)取剩余成分,加3倍重量的水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次煎煮液,将煎煮液减压干燥获得密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,粉碎成粉末,即为复合物B;
(4)将复合物A、复合物B混合搅拌均匀, 灭菌消毒制备胶囊。
用法用量: 口服,一次3次,一次0.3g
实施例2
急性毒性研究
健康大鼠和小鼠分别单次经口灌胃给予本发明的治疗失眠多梦的药物制剂,灌胃剂量为临床拟用量的50倍。给药后小鼠出现轻微活动减少,1小时左右恢复正常,给药后连续观察7天,无一动物死亡,其全身状况、饮食、摄水、小便和体重增长均正常,未出现明显的急性毒性反应,也未引起动物死亡。小鼠未出现明显的急性毒性反应,大鼠出现拉稀便,活动减少等反应,急性毒性靶器官为肝脏和脾脏。提示该药急性毒性低,临床用药安全。
药效实验:对戊巴比妥钠的睡眠时间的影响
动物:昆明种小鼠,雌雄各半,体重18~22g,60只,随机分成3组,每组20只。 
实验方法:对照组:***组,实验组(实施例1制备药物),空白对照组(生理盐水),药物在实验前用蒸馏水配置,灌胃给药。连续给药7d,每日1次,末次给药后1h称重并腹腔注射0.3%戊巴比妥钠0.15ml/10g,记录本发明药物对小鼠戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠作用的影响。
组别 例数 睡眠时间
对照组 20 58.7±17.5
实验组 20 76.3±15.1
空白对照组 20 32.4±14.3
结果表明:本发明药物组可明显减少小鼠自主活动次数,显著延长睡眠时间。 
 
实施例2
1、临床资料
选取具有完整资料的病人80例,随即分成两组,治疗组40例,男19例,女21例,年龄26-59岁,平均年龄40岁,病程2个月至10余年。对照组40例,男18例,女22例,平均年龄 41岁,病程1个月至13年,两组病例治疗前在性别、年龄、病程等方面无显著差异,具有可比性。
病例选择:病例的入选参照《失眠定义、诊断及药物治疗专家共识(草案)》及《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(CCMD-3)》制定如下标准:①睡眠潜伏期长:入睡时间超过30min;②睡眠维持障碍:夜间觉醒次数大于2次;③睡眠质量下降:睡眠浅、多梦;④总睡眠时间缩短:少于5小时;⑤日间残留效应大:次晨感觉头昏、精神不振、嗜睡、乏力等。 
中医辩证属于(1)痰浊扰心型:失眠多梦,并有头身沉重、胸闷、目眩、舌淡红、苔腻、脉滑。(2)心肾不交型:心烦不寐、多梦、头晕、耳鸣、心悸、健忘、口干少津、腰酸梦遗或口舌生疮、舌尖红、脉细数。(3)心胆气虚型:失眠并心悸胆怯、气短倦怠、舌淡、脉细数。(4)心脾两虚型:失眠多梦并心悸分健忘,头晕目眩、神疲、面色少华、苔薄白、脉细弱。 
治疗方法:治疗组:实施例1制备的中药组合物,一日三次,一次0.3g,两周一个疗程。 
        对照组:灵芝片,一次三片,一日三次。 
失眠分级:(1)0级:无症状。(2)I级:入睡困难,约需半小时入睡,或睡眠时间短,醒后感觉身体较轻松,或寐而不酣、时醒时寐、醒后易入睡。(3)II级:入睡困难,辗转反侧,需半小时以上方可入睡、早醒、醒后感觉昏昏欲睡,疲乏无力或睡眠浅,时醒时寐,醒后较难入睡。(4)III级:彻夜难眠或眠而多梦,是睡非睡或睡眠不足3-4小时,虽有睡眠但乏力,头晕脑胀等症状无明显改善。 
做梦分级:(1)0级:无梦或少梦。(2)I级:做梦较多。(3)II级:做梦多,醒后仍思睡。(4)III级:梦境纷纭,醒后昏昏欲睡。 
治疗结果 
疗效判定标准: 
1、治愈:失眠做梦为0级。 
2、显效:失眠做梦改善二级以上,或失眠做梦改善一级,次证有半数以上消失。 
3、有效:失眠做梦改善一级以上,次证消失不足半数。 
4、无效:失眠做梦无改善。 
1、总疗效见表1具体治疗结果如下:P<0.05
组别 例次 痊愈 显效 有效 无效 总有效率(%)
治疗组 40 25 9 4 2 95
对照组 40 17 10 6 7 82.5
由上表可见:本发明制剂组痊愈率和总有效率均明显优于对照组,有显著性差异。
 
实施例3
典型实施例
刘某,女,17岁,高中学生,由于高考压力,紧张造成失眠、精神差、头痛头晕等。感觉学习难以胜任,上课时注意不集中,记忆减退,看书就心烦头痛,情绪急躁,晚上睡眠差伴多梦,白天精神萎靡,头脑不清醒,全身疲乏无力,曾到医院做过许多检查均未发现器质性病变,服用安定等药物治疗半年多,未见明显好转,失眠也更为严重,给予实施例1制备的药物一个疗程配合心理疗法,两个疗程后感觉效果良好,继续巩固治疗一个疗程,现在一觉能睡到天亮,早上起床后精神很好,且记忆力有明显改善。
王某,女,43岁,患失眠症所念,表现为睡眠质量不满意,频频从恶梦中惊醒,自感整夜都在做恶梦,给予实施例1制备的药物制剂,使用一个疗程后做恶梦的次数减少,服用三周后睡眠时间有较大程度的提高,服用完两个疗程后失眠症状基本全无,第二天工作时精力充沛,随访半年,无复发。
 
本发明采用的上述各中药组分互作配伍,能发挥其协同治病作用,所用中药原料各成分之间具有药效相互交织相互促进和协调效能,经临床验证,对失眠多梦有很好的治疗效果,本申请人多年的医疗实践中,治愈的病例数目众多,均取得良好的效果,而且成本低廉,减轻患者的负担,应用前景广阔。

Claims (4)

1.用于失眠多梦的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述药物制剂由下述原料制备而得,
当归、五味子、百合、丁香、大腹皮、铁苋菜、草果、蒲公英、玉竹、
黄芪、红景天、肉桂、枸杞子、鸡血藤、茯苓、香附、苍耳子、麦冬、
淫羊藿、柏子仁、远志、石菖蒲、大枣、合欢皮、甘草、熟地黄、人参。
2.如权利要求1所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述药物制剂由下述重量份的原料制备而得,
当归35份、五味子35份、百合30份、丁香30份、大腹皮30份、
铁苋菜28份、草果28份、蒲公英25份、玉竹25份、黄芪25份、
红景天20份、肉桂20份、枸杞子20份、鸡血藤20份、茯苓20份、
香附15份、苍耳子15份、麦冬15份、淫羊藿15份、柏子仁10份、
远志10份、石菖蒲10份、大枣10份、合欢皮8份、甘草8份、
熟地黄5份、人参3份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照重量份称取各原料备用;
(2) 取五味子、铁苋菜、草果、蒲公英、玉竹、黄芪、红景天、肉桂、淫羊藿、石菖蒲、人参混合,加相对于混合物5倍重量95%的乙醇,回流提取3次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎成粉末,即为复合物A;
(3)取剩余成分,加3倍重量的水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次煎煮液,将煎煮液减压干燥获得密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,粉碎成粉末,即为复合物B;
(4)将复合物A和复合物B混合搅拌均匀, 灭菌消毒制备胶囊。
4.权利要求1-3所述制剂用于失眠多梦的用途。
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