CN104379772A - Refining method and molten steel production method - Google Patents

Refining method and molten steel production method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104379772A
CN104379772A CN201280073989.8A CN201280073989A CN104379772A CN 104379772 A CN104379772 A CN 104379772A CN 201280073989 A CN201280073989 A CN 201280073989A CN 104379772 A CN104379772 A CN 104379772A
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Prior art keywords
dephosphorizing agent
molten iron
cao
refining
dephosphorization
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CN201280073989.8A
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CN104379772B (en
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林龙也
田中芳幸
田中孝宪
大岛健二
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JFE Engineering Corp
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NKK Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/02Dephosphorising or desulfurising
    • C21C1/025Agents used for dephosphorising or desulfurising
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/36Processes yielding slags of special composition

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a refining method for efficiently operating a converter during converter refining, even without having equipment for spray-application of a dephosphorization agent; and a molten steel production method. In the refining method in which molten pig iron is refined by dephosphorization or by dephospherization and decarbonation, without spray-application of a dephosphorization agent on the molten pig iron, the dephosphorization agent containing at least a powder is introduced to a reaction container, then the molten pig iron is introduced to the reaction container and refined.

Description

Method of refining and molten steel manufacture method
Technical field
The present invention relates to by carrying out dephosphorisation reaction or dephosphorization decarburizing reaction is carried out the molten iron method of refining of dephosphorization refining or dephosphorization Decarburising and refining and adopts the molten steel manufacture method of this method of refining in converter, when not being blown into dephosphorizing agent in molten metal.
Background technology
Be to carry out in the dephosphorization of molten iron or the method for dephosphorization Decarburising and refining in converter, such as, when consider using containing the dephosphorizing agent of CaO as dephosphorizing agent, the dephosphorisation reaction using calcium oxide to carry out in converter is represented by following formula (1).
3(CaO)+5(FeO)+2[P]
=(3CaO·P 2O 5)+5[Fe]…(1)
Here,
(): slag composition
[]: the composition in molten metal
In this case, usual method is put in converter by the dephosphorizing agent CaO of bulk.Now, in order to improve dephosphorisation reaction efficiency, requiring CaO melting and maintaining de-FeO level needed for P.In addition, the fusing point of CaO is about 2570 DEG C, and as the additive promoting melting, what using such as has fluorite (CaF always 2) etc. halogen based compound, alkali based compound.But these compounds have chemically reactive, there is restriction in slag recycling.In addition, the such as fluorine of fluorite contained by it, process becomes difficulty, causes dephosphorization treatment cost to increase.
As its solution, such as just like in patent documentation 1 ~ 3 record such, make the CaO as dephosphorizing agent become powdery (powder), the method be ejected into from top-blown spray gun in molten metal.
Patent documentation:
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 8-311523 publication
Patent documentation 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2007-224388 publication
Patent documentation 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2010-95786 publication
Summary of the invention
When adopting the method in the molten iron (molten metal) be ejected into by powdery CaO (dephosphorizing agent) in converter type reaction vessel, need injection equipment.
In addition, when spraying, the problem be restricted in the granularity, jet velocity of CaO is had.Such as, if jet velocity is excessively slow, lime powder obstruction pipe arrangement can be caused, molten steel decarburization is bad, dephosphorization is bad.On the other hand, if jet velocity is too fast, then has calcium oxide and disperse outside converter, cause the anxiety of dust problem.Therefore, need according to the conditions such as refining unit obtain used lime powder granularity and as the injection oxygen of carrier gas speed between the suitableeest scope of relation, and to control in this suitableeest scope.But, these restrictions, problem be solved, need huge investment.
As using the improvement of dephosphorizing method of spraying, also having and spray and use, the material containing CaO thrown in advance into (loading) and loading the method in the converter before molten iron (can see patent documentation 2,3).But, even if in this case, also CaO must be added by top blast.
In addition, in the past, when not carrying out top blast and adding CaO, comprise and throw method in advance, the suitable adding conditional of CaO is also indefinite, is considered to need to develop effective dephosphorizing method.
Here, when not carrying out top blast and adding CaO to implement refining, usual method is the block CaO of the upper input of molten iron (molten metal) in loading converter.Dropping into block CaO is because when having dropped into powdery CaO, and this powdery CaO can float in molten iron (molten metal), CaO is former with the undercompounding of molten iron.Like this, when not spraying dephosphorizing agent, the block dephosphorizing agent after the removing such as use sieve powdery dephosphorizing agent.And, in the past, do not establish the suitable using method of powdery CaO.
Usually, block CaO, through pulverizing, sieving process, is modulated into the bulk of designated size scope.Pair can bear powdery CaO in the production process of this block CaO, but the equipment without CaO top blast equipment also can exist and cannot effectively utilize powdery CaO as the problem of dephosphorizing agent.
The present invention is conceived to the problems referred to above, though its object is to provide a kind of for do not have in converter refining spray dephosphorizing agent equipment, also can efficiently carry out the method for refining of converter operation and the manufacture method of molten steel.
As the means solved the problem, the invention provides following scheme:
(1) molten iron method of refining, it is made up of following operation: the 1st dephosphorizing agent of the powder containing below particle diameter 1mm is loaded the operation in reaction vessel; The operation of molten iron is loaded in the reaction vessel being incorporated with described dephosphorizing agent; After loading described molten iron, the 2nd dephosphorizing agent is loaded the operation in molten iron; The operation of dephosphorization or dephosphorization decarburization is carried out when not spraying dephosphorizing agent in molten iron.
(2) molten iron method of refining, it is made up of following operation: the 1st dephosphorizing agent of scrap iron and the powder containing below particle diameter 1mm is loaded the operation in reaction vessel; The operation of molten iron is loaded in the reaction vessel being incorporated with described dephosphorizing agent; After loading described molten iron, the 2nd dephosphorizing agent is loaded the operation in molten iron; The operation of dephosphorization or dephosphorization decarburization is carried out when not spraying dephosphorizing agent in molten iron.
(3) the molten iron method of refining Gen Ju (1), is characterized in that, load in the 1st dephosphorizing agent in described reaction vessel, its more than 90 quality % has the particle diameter of below 5mm.
(4) the molten iron method of refining Gen Ju (2), is characterized in that, load in the 1st dephosphorizing agent in described reaction vessel, its more than 90 quality % has the particle diameter of below 5mm.
(5) the molten iron method of refining Gen Ju (1) ~ (4), is characterized in that, relative to the total of the described 1st and the 2nd dephosphorizing agent, the ratio of the 1st dephosphorizing agent is 10 ~ 40 quality %.
(6) the molten iron method of refining Gen Ju (1) ~ (4), is characterized in that, described 1st dephosphorizing agent contains CaO.
(7) the molten iron method of refining Gen Ju (5), is characterized in that, described 1st dephosphorizing agent contains CaO.
(8) molten steel manufacture method, it is made up of following operation: the 1st dephosphorizing agent of the powder containing below particle diameter 1mm is loaded the operation in reaction vessel; The operation of molten iron is loaded in the reaction vessel being incorporated with described dephosphorizing agent; After loading described molten iron, the 2nd dephosphorizing agent is loaded the operation in molten iron; Carrying out dephosphorization or dephosphorization decarburization when not spraying dephosphorizing agent in molten iron, manufacturing the operation of molten steel.
(9) molten steel manufacture method, it is made up of following operation: the 1st dephosphorizing agent of scrap iron and the powder containing below particle diameter 1mm is loaded the operation in reaction vessel; The operation of molten iron is loaded in the reaction vessel being incorporated with described dephosphorizing agent; After loading described molten iron, the 2nd dephosphorizing agent is loaded the operation in molten iron; Carrying out dephosphorization or dephosphorization decarburization when not spraying dephosphorizing agent in molten iron, manufacturing the operation of molten steel.
(10) the molten steel manufacture method Gen Ju (8), is characterized in that, in described 1st dephosphorizing agent, its more than 90 quality % has the particle diameter of below 5mm.
(11) the molten steel manufacture method Gen Ju (9), is characterized in that, in described 1st dephosphorizing agent, its more than 90 quality % has the particle diameter of below 5mm.
(12) the molten steel manufacture method Gen Ju (8) ~ (11), is characterized in that, relative to the total of the described 1st and the 2nd dephosphorizing agent, the ratio of the 1st dephosphorizing agent is 10 ~ 40 quality %.
(13) molten steel refining method Gen Ju (8) ~ (11), is characterized in that, described 1st dephosphorizing agent contains CaO.
(14) the molten steel manufacture method Gen Ju (12), is characterized in that, described 1st dephosphorizing agent contains CaO.
According to the present invention, in converter refining, even if do not have dephosphorizing agent splashing device, also can effectively utilize powdery dephosphorizing agent and carry out refining as dephosphorizing agent.
And, such as, according to the present invention, in converter refining, by adopting the method dropped in addition in converter type reaction vessel, even if do not implement to spray from top-blown spray gun, also can use lime powder (powdery dephosphorizing agent).In addition, according to method of the present invention, even if do not carry out the facility investment for top blast equipment, even if or do not use halogen based compound, alkali based compound, also can improve use calcium oxide block in the past as efficiency during dephosphorizing agent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the explanatory view (embodiment 1) of the relation of display dephosphorization amount and CaO unit consumption.
Fig. 2 is the explanatory view (embodiment 3) that display dephosphorization amount and powdery CaO throw the relation between ratio in advance into.
Embodiment
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described.
(about method of refining)
In the method for refining of present embodiment, before being encased in by molten iron in converter type reaction vessel, in this reaction vessel, drop into (loading) dephosphorizing agent containing powder.Then, in reaction vessel, load molten iron, start refining.After the above-mentioned molten iron of loading and before refining starts or in refining, also suitable dephosphorizing agent is dropped in molten metal and implement refining.
In addition, when being mixed into scrap iron and implementing refining in molten iron, first, in converter type reaction vessel, drop into scrap iron, afterwards, in this reaction vessel, drop into the dephosphorizing agent at least containing powder.Then, in reaction vessel, load molten iron, start refining.Implement refining loading after above-mentioned molten iron and also drop into suitable dephosphorizing agent before refining starts or in refining.
In addition, for the scrap iron loaded in advance before loading molten iron and dephosphorizing agent, also dephosphorizing agent can be dropped into before scrap iron.But when formerly loading scrap iron, the contact of dephosphorizing agent and molten iron easily improves, thus, scrap iron is reinstalled after being better than loading dephosphorizing agent.
Usually, block CaO processes through pulverizing, screening and is modulated into the bulk of designated size scope.In the production process of this block CaO, pair can bear powdery CaO.Powdery (powder) CaO this pair born is used as the dephosphorizing agent loaded before loading molten iron energetically.Powder in this specification sheets refers to below particle diameter 1mm.
Here, as the total amount of the dephosphorizing agent used in refining, determine de-P aequum according to the target P concentration after carrying out the analytical value (being the analytical value of molten iron and scrap iron when using scrap iron) of molten iron of refining and refining.And the de-P aequum determined by this determines the amount of the dephosphorizing agent that should drop in whole refining treatment.In addition, also can by the actual dephosphorization dosage of use and the relation of dephosphorization amount asked the dephosphorizing agent usage quantity calculated in whole refining in the past.
And, in the amount of the dephosphorizing agent that should drop in whole refining treatment determined above, the dephosphorizing agent (containing powder) of more than 10 quality % is set as the dephosphorizing agent dropped into before dropping into molten iron.In addition, the dephosphorizing agent dropped into before dropping into molten iron is also referred to as prior dephosphorizing agent.
All the other dephosphorizing agents drop in above-mentioned reaction vessel after loading molten iron.Then, be blown into oxygen, start blowing.In addition, being blown into gas can be Ar, N 2, CO or their mixture.In all the other dephosphorizing agents, use the bulk of such as particle diameter 5 ~ 30mm or 5 ~ 50mm.A part for this block dephosphorizing agent can drop in blowing.
As above-mentioned dephosphorizing agent, the dephosphorizing agent containing CaO can be used, the dephosphorizing agent be more preferably substantially made up of CaO.
In addition, the dephosphorizing agent loaded in advance before loading molten iron as described above, preferably accounts for more than the 10 quality % of total amount.If at below 10 quality %, then effect is little.In addition, if the amount of the dephosphorizing agent loaded in advance is too much, then have can not mix completely with molten iron, powder floats or the anxiety increased of dispersing, thus to be advisable at below 40 quality %.More preferably be advisable with 15 ~ 35 quality % of effect stability.
As the granularity of the dephosphorizing agent loaded in advance, consider from concise angle, more thin better.But, if meticulous, then not only can increase pulverizing cost, and also there is dust problem in operation, therefore, not need to make meticulous.On the other hand, if coarse size, then not only the melting of dephosphorizing agent is slow, dispersion is also deteriorated, and in refining, easily occurs that slag foams.According to above situation, in the dephosphorizing agent loaded in advance, preferable particle size accounts for more than 90 quality % at the dephosphorizing agent of below 5mm.Particle diameter means at the dephosphorizing agent of below 5mm and includes in fact powder dephosphorizing agent.
(effect of present embodiment)
Below, the mechanism that method of refining in present embodiment manifests effect is described.
As the CaO of powdery dephosphorizing agent, compared with block CaO, it can mix well with molten iron, and thus dephosphorization effect is large.But when not having CaO splashing device, if just dropped in molten iron by powdery CaO, powdery CaO can float, and not only CaO cannot mix well with molten iron, be difficult to promote to react, and dust can be there is to disperse the environmental degradation caused.
On the other hand, present inventor finds, adds molten iron wherein, then effectively can show the mixed effect with molten iron if loaded in advance in converter, again by powdery CaO.Based on above-mentioned discovery, in the present invention, by dropping into the dephosphorizing agent containing powder before loading molten iron, being blown into even if do not implement CaO, also can improving dephosphorization effect.
Here, by loading powdery CaO in advance, mix and blend when loading molten iron is afterwards strengthened, and the speed of response of above-mentioned dephosphorisation reaction improves, and the absorption of slag to P (phosphorus) also accelerates.Its result, can think, can reduce the total CaO consumption used in refining.
In addition, when using different from method of the present invention dephosphorization input method, that is, when have CaO be blown into equipment, also by being blown into input dephosphorizing agent, during powdery CaO is mainly used in and is blown into.Therefore, though when and with when loading in advance the method for CaO in converter, neither be clearly to the condition of the CaO that will load in advance.
On the other hand, in the present invention, specify that at the suitable condition not carrying out the CaO that will load in advance under the condition that CaO is blown into, thus can obtain effect as described above.
In addition, when not implementing dephosphorizing agent and being blown into, also there is the effect that can use energetically and avoid the powder CaO used as dephosphorizing agent in the past.
Embodiment 1
The CaO 1 ~ 4 ton with the granularity of the CaO of particle diameter at below 5mm (CaO containing powder) 98 quality % is loaded in 330 tons of converters in advance, then, molten iron (composition C:3.8 ~ 4.4 quality %, Si:0.05 ~ 0.40 quality %, P:0.09 ~ 0.12 quality %) 330 tons is loaded in above-mentioned converter.
Afterwards, block CaO:3 ~ 5 of 5 ~ 50mm ton are dropped on molten iron, then auxiliary material (light dolomite: 1.5 tons) is dropped on molten iron, at top blowing oxygen flow 45 ~ 60Nm 3/ t, BOTTOM OXYGEN flow 5 ~ 8Nm 3blowing is implemented under the condition of/t.In addition, in blowing, CaO:3 ~ 8 of 5 ~ 50mm ton are dropped on molten iron, blows 18 ~ 25 minutes, tapping.Relative to total CaO amount now, the mass ratio (powdery CaO throws ratio in advance) of the CaO containing powder of prior loading is 5 ~ 23 quality %, and the analytical value of the steel after refining terminates is C:0.025 ~ 0.045 quality %, Si < 0.01 quality %, P:0.013 ~ 0.025 quality %.
Solid line (●) is used to illustrate in FIG with the relation of dephosphorization amount (Δ P=molten iron P concentration-tapping P concentration) the total CaO amount used in above refining.
(comparative example 1-1)
Then, do not load CaO in advance, molten iron is being loaded rear in converter input wherein by the CaO (particle diameter is all block dephosphorizing agent of 5 ~ 50mm) of whole amount.Refining operation is identical with above-described embodiment 1.
Dotted line (◇) is used to illustrate in FIG the relation of the total CaO now used in refining amount and dephosphorization amount (Δ P=molten iron P-tap P).
(comparative example 1-2)
Before dropping into molten iron, to drop into 5 ~ 50mm in advance at the CaO containing powder of below 5mm except replacing the particle diameter in embodiment 1 be whole bulk CaO block except, carry out operation similarly to Example 1.
Long and short dash line (▲) is used to illustrate in FIG its result.
Known as shown in Figure 1, compare with comparative example 1-2 with comparative example 1-1, relative to same CaO usage quantity, the dephosphorization amount of the method for refining of embodiment 1 is high.
Embodiment 2
Below, after loading in 330 tons of converters by 50 tons, scrap iron, the CaO:2 ton being the granularity of 95 quality % by the ratio of below particle diameter 5mm loads in above-mentioned converter, then, is loaded in above-mentioned converter by molten iron 280 tons.The total composition of molten iron now and scrap iron is C:3.6 quality %, Si:0.08 quality %, P:0.10 quality %.
Afterwards, the block CaO:5 ton of 5 ~ 50mm is put on molten iron, then by auxiliary material (kind: light dolomite; 2 tons) drop on molten iron, at top blowing oxygen flow 53Nm 3/ t, BOTTOM OXYGEN flow 6Nm 3blowing is implemented under the condition of/t.In blowing, the CaO:6 ton of 5 ~ 50mm is dropped on molten iron again, blow 22 minutes, tapping.
The analytical value of the steel after refining terminates is C:0.035 quality %, Si < 0.01 quality %, P:0.015 quality %, and dephosphorization amount is 0.085 quality %.
(comparative example 2-1)
, do not load CaO in advance below, total CaO is measured in the same manner as in Example 2, the CaO (particle diameter 5 ~ 50mm) of whole amount is added to wherein after loading in converter by scrap iron and molten iron.Refining operation is identical with above-described embodiment 2.
In this case, dephosphorization amount is 0.071 quality %, and compared with embodiment 2, dephosphorization amount is little.
(comparative example 2-2)
Before dropping into molten iron, except the prior CaO block dropping into 5 ~ 50mm, the operation identical with above-described embodiment 2-1 is carried out except replacing the CaO powder of below the particle diameter 5mm in embodiment 2.
In this case, dephosphorization amount is 0.077 quality %, and dephosphorization amount is in the centre of comparative example 2 and embodiment 2.
Embodiment 3
In the operation identical with above-described embodiment 1, try to obtain dephosphorization amount during the prior input amount change making CaO.Result is now shown in Fig. 2.
As shown in Figure 2, when CaO is more than 10%, dephosphorization amount increases.
Embodiment 4
In the operation identical with above-described embodiment 1, top blowing oxygen flow is being reduced to 22Nm 3/ t, duration of blast are 10 minutes and carry out dephosphorization under suppressing the condition of decarburization.Liquid steel temperature is 1400 DEG C, and than low about 250 DEG C during common dephosphorization Decarburization Operation, the composition of the steel after refining terminates is C:2 ~ 4 quality %, P:0.01 ~ 0.04 quality %.Compared with dephosphorization amount after refining when dephosphorization amount now and the CaO do not thrown in advance under same operation containing powder terminates, improve about 0.01 quality %.
The present invention can improve the dephosphorisation reaction efficiency in molten metal blowing when not needing special and huge facility investment, thus can be used in the converter without powder jetting equipment.

Claims (14)

1. molten iron method of refining, is made up of following operation: the 1st dephosphorizing agent of the powder containing below particle diameter 1mm is loaded the operation in reaction vessel,
Load in the reaction vessel being incorporated with described dephosphorizing agent the operation of molten iron,
Load the operation the 2nd dephosphorizing agent loaded after described molten iron in molten iron,
The operation of dephosphorization or dephosphorization decarburization is carried out when not spraying dephosphorizing agent in molten iron.
2. molten iron method of refining, is made up of following operation: the 1st dephosphorizing agent of scrap iron and the powder containing below particle diameter 1mm is loaded the operation in reaction vessel,
Load in the reaction vessel being incorporated with described dephosphorizing agent the operation of molten iron,
Load the operation the 2nd dephosphorizing agent loaded after described molten iron in molten iron,
The operation of dephosphorization or dephosphorization decarburization is carried out when not spraying dephosphorizing agent in molten iron.
3. molten iron method of refining according to claim 1, is characterized in that, load in the 1st dephosphorizing agent in described reaction vessel, its more than 90 quality % has the particle diameter of below 5mm.
4. molten iron method of refining according to claim 2, is characterized in that, load in the 1st dephosphorizing agent in described reaction vessel, its more than 90 quality % has the particle diameter of below 5mm.
5. molten iron method of refining according to claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that, relative to the total of the described 1st and the 2nd dephosphorizing agent, the ratio of the 1st dephosphorizing agent is 10 ~ 40 quality %.
6. molten iron method of refining according to claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that, described 1st dephosphorizing agent contains CaO.
7. molten iron method of refining according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described 1st dephosphorizing agent contains CaO.
8. molten steel manufacture method, is made up of following operation: the 1st dephosphorizing agent of the powder containing below particle diameter 1mm is loaded the operation in reaction vessel,
Load in the reaction vessel being incorporated with described dephosphorizing agent the operation of molten iron,
Load the operation the 2nd dephosphorizing agent loaded after described molten iron in molten iron,
Carrying out dephosphorization or dephosphorization decarburization when not spraying dephosphorizing agent in molten iron, manufacturing the operation of molten steel.
9. molten steel manufacture method, is made up of following operation: the 1st dephosphorizing agent of scrap iron and the powder containing below particle diameter 1mm is loaded the operation in reaction vessel,
The operation of molten iron is loaded in the reaction vessel being incorporated with described dephosphorizing agent
Load the operation the 2nd dephosphorizing agent loaded after described molten iron in molten iron,
Carrying out dephosphorization or dephosphorization decarburization when not spraying dephosphorizing agent in molten iron, manufacturing the operation of molten steel.
10. molten steel manufacture method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, in described 1st dephosphorizing agent, its more than 90 quality % has the particle diameter of below 5mm.
11. molten steel manufacture method according to claim 9, is characterized in that, in described 1st dephosphorizing agent, its more than 90 quality % has the particle diameter of below 5mm.
Molten steel manufacture method described in 12. according to Claim 8 ~ 11, is characterized in that, relative to the total of the described 1st and the 2nd dephosphorizing agent, the ratio of the 1st dephosphorizing agent is 10 ~ 40 quality %.
Molten steel manufacture method described in 13. according to Claim 8 ~ 11, is characterized in that, described 1st dephosphorizing agent contains CaO.
14. molten steel manufacture method according to claim 12, is characterized in that, described 1st dephosphorizing agent contains CaO.
CN201280073989.8A 2012-06-18 2012-06-18 Method of refining and molten steel manufacture method Expired - Fee Related CN104379772B (en)

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