CN104377638A - 用于变化电流热管理和损坏检测的卷线 - Google Patents

用于变化电流热管理和损坏检测的卷线 Download PDF

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CN104377638A
CN104377638A CN201410403717.0A CN201410403717A CN104377638A CN 104377638 A CN104377638 A CN 104377638A CN 201410403717 A CN201410403717 A CN 201410403717A CN 104377638 A CN104377638 A CN 104377638A
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wire rope
electric wire
coupling
vehicle
clue
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约翰·阿尔福德
弗兰克·雷
理查德·尤尼特
彼得·维加
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Telefonix Inc
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B60L53/31—Charging columns specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
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    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M1/00—Power supply lines for contact with collector on vehicle
    • B60M1/30—Power rails
    • B60M1/34—Power rails in slotted conduits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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Abstract

本发明的实施例提供了一种电池充电组件包括负载管理***、具有电池连接器的充电线索、以及用于检测线索移动或损坏的电路。该负载管理***监视充电线索盘绕部分中的热累积并且发出相应的信号以控制通过该线索的电流流动。

Description

用于变化电流热管理和损坏检测的卷线
技术领域
本发明通常涉及递送电力的可伸缩卷线器设备中热生成的管理，且更具体地涉及确保可以部分地或者全部地盘绕在卷轴上的线索中的电流流动不生成过多的热，此过多的热可能损坏该线索、减少其使用寿命或者对使用者产生危险。当不使用用于对例如电动车辆中的电池进行充电的线索时经常对其进行盘绕以便安全地存放该线索并且使它免受天气和损坏。
可伸缩卷线器可以是例如机场停车场中的充电站的一部分，或者是家用或办公大楼车库中的充电站的一部分。充电站可以是杆或者包含卷线器和相关联电路的其它合适结构。如果在公共场所使用，把线索存放在卷轴上有助于保护该线索免受窃贼偷取其铜，这是因为充电站能够要求使用密钥卡或者类似装置以便允许使用该电站。
当使用线索对电池进行充电时该线索可以仅仅部分被解开。当线索部分或完全盘绕时电流流动所生成的热将不容易从携带电流的线索散出。随着卷轴上线索量的增加，会造成收集更多的热。过热可能发生，即使把线索简单地环绕在钩子上而不是放在旋转卷轴上时也是如此。
这里所描述的卷线器组件包括一些改进特征，用于限制线索中电流流动的改进特征，其中，如果该线索基本上或者彻底解开则允许较高的电流；以及用于在一个或多个位置处感测卷绕线索的温度的改进特征。因此不需要把电流流动限制至适合于彻底盘绕的线索的不必要低的值。较高的电流，以及因此更短的充电时间是可能的。
背景技术
在各种应用中已经使用可伸缩卷线器来可伸缩地存放各种类型的线缆。典型地，卷轴可以具有静止端和可伸缩端，可伸缩端能够从卷轴伸出和缩回到卷轴中，并且其能够连接至例如电动车辆的电池。使用卷轴为线索提供了便利的存放。该卷轴还保护线索免受损坏，这是由于它不必被留在地面上。减少了线索的损坏。还避免了损坏的电气线索呈现给用户的危害。
由于电流的流动在线索中产生热，所以使用卷轴具有弊端。较大的电流趋向于生成更多的热。一种应用是电动车辆的充电站。如果用户把他的电动车辆停放在非常接近于充电站，或者如果车辆小，它或许不必解开超出短长度的线索就足以触及车辆上的电池连接器。随着电流从充电站流动至车辆，将在线索中产生热。由于该线索的大部分都盘绕在卷轴上，所以热不容易散出，线索温度就会上升，可能上升至危害充电站的功能或者用户的安全的程度。另外的因素是就许多车辆操作者而言缺乏经验或知识。
术语定义
在所提交的专利的权利要求书中使用了下列术语，并且它们意图具有与法律需求一致的它们最广且普通和一般的含义。
“可伸缩卷线器”是指线缆存放单元和线缆管理***，其具有收线线索(spooling cord)，诸如Burke的美国专利5,094,396号中公开的类型，其主题通过引用并入本申请中，以及Burke的美国专利申请号2007/0262185中公开的类型，其主题也通过引用并入本申请中。
电动车辆意味着任何车辆，包括单独由可充电电池推动的车辆，以及使用包括可充电电池的混合推动的车辆。
而可替换含义是可能的，意图最广的含义。下面阐述的权利要求书中所使用的所有词采用语法和英语语言的一般、常规用途来使用。
发明内容
本发明涉及下面特征、元素或者其组合中的一个或多个。
一个公开的实施例是针对用于电池充电站的可伸缩卷线器的改进，包括用于至少部分由可充电电池推助的车辆的改进。充电站包括连接至电源的电线索。线索的端部具有车辆连接器组件。控制电路对供应至待充电的电池的电流进行调节。卷轴具有用于确定线索中热累积的一个或多个温度传感器。控制电路包括从一个或多个传感器接收输入信号的处理器。处理器发出与来自该一个或多个传感器的输入信号有关的输出信号。输出信号对正在供应至电池的充电电流进行限制，因此线索不会过热。线索中产生的热被安全地消散了。
在另一实施例中，所公开的设备包括用于确定已经解开的线索的量的传感器。随着解开的线索的长度的增加，处理器接收表示解开的线索的长度的输入信号，并且发出增加至待充电的电池的最大可允许电流的输出信号。
因此，可以看出，所公开的本发明的一个目的是提供一种机制，该机制用于避免电池充电站过热，且特别是充电线索过热。
本发明的其它目的是允许最大充电电流被递送至待充电的电池。
本发明的另一目的是检测对线索的损坏，或者线索的移除。
应当注意，并非所要求保护的发明的每个实施例都将实现上面阐述的本发明的每一个目的。例如，本发明的某些要求保护的实施例将不要求温度感测装置。另外，基于本发明的概述、优选实施例的详细描述、以及如附图中所图示的优先实施例的描述，本发明的其它目的将变得显而易见。根据对本发明的最佳模式实施例以及如附图中所图示的最佳实施例的下面详细描述，本发明的这样的目的、特征以及优点将变得更显而易见。
附图说明
图1是依据本发明一个实施例的具有卷线器组件的充电站的框图；以及
图2是与本发明的替代传感器实施例一起使用的板组件的框图。
具体实施方式
如从图1中可以看出，充电***10包括交流电(AC)，120伏功率输入端12。AC功率连接至继电器14，继电器14在此案例中是双极、单投开关，其在功率输入端12和车辆连接器16之间接通连接或断开连接。本领域技术人员将理解继电器可以包括针对AC-线和AC_空档和/或线2(对于级(Level)2充电器的情况)中的任一个或者这两者的连接。在此实施例中，由于电池用于车辆的发动机，所以车辆连接器16依据电动汽车的汽车工程师学会发布的SAE表面车辆推荐实践J1772“SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler”进行构造。对于不涉及电动车辆的不同应用，连接器不必遵循J1772,并且其设计可以根据预期使用所需进行修改。
连接器16包括针对地18，AC线20,AC空档22以及领示(pilot)信号24的电气连接。电流互感器28用于地面故障中断以保护用户免受伤害。继电器14、领示信号24和电流互感器28连接至板组件26。板组件26控制继电器14开还是关。继电器14和板组件26上的微控制器38之间的AC连接输入端可以发信号通知微控制器38以使继电器14开还是关。
当用于对电动车辆进行充电时，本文所描述的***的优选实施例是级1充电器，该功能由加州空气资源委员会(California Air Resources Board)描述并且编纂在加州法规第13条、美国1999国家电气法规第625节以及SAE国际标准中。这样的***使用较低的电压并且因而不昂贵且适合于家用或者容易获得120伏AC功率的其它地方使用。由于相对低的电压的原因，所以充电时间较长，对于完全充满电动车辆电池而言可能10至12小时那么长时间。然而，本领域技术人员将理解，如权利要求书所限定的本发明
不仅覆盖级1充电器，而且还覆盖在那些相同标准下被指明为(如)级2的充电器。
依据SAE标准J1772的用于电动车辆应用的领示信号是具有1KHz频率的方波信号。它的幅度在+12伏和-12伏之间变化。12伏功率供应器30为领示信号24提供参考电压。功率供应器30还为板组件26上的微控制器38提供功率。领示信号24在车辆和板组件26之间进行传输。领示信号24控制递送给待充电的车辆电池的电流量。通过改变方波的占空比，也就是，由脉冲周期划分的脉冲持续时间，来改变电流的量。存储在电动车辆中的查找表包括针对给定电流所必要的占空比的变化，不过本领域技术人员将理解通过使用本发明的启示作为一种选择占空比可以通过“联机(on the fly)”算法来生成。例如，在J1772标准下26.7％的占空比关联于16安培的电流。
在本实施例中依据解开的线索的量占空比也可以被改变。该量可以直接地或者间接地确定。例如，可以使用电位计46，其将指示解开了多少线索，并且因而间接地指示了在该线索的卷绕部分中将产生的热的量。卷绕的线索中热生成的直接测量可以通过热敏电阻、热耦合、或安装在如图2中所示出的卷线器中的数字温度传感器40来确定。第三，电流互感器28和卷轴旋转的传感器46可以部署有查找表，该查找表存储在微控制器38中标识给定长度的解开线索的最大电流。
无论传感器的类型如何，传感器信号被递送至如图2中所示的板组件26。在此实施例中，板组件26包括控制继电器14的AC继电器控制装置32。领示驱动器34在板组件26上。驱动器34对领示信号占空比进行调制以控制电流流动通过线索至车辆电池的量。板组件26上的领示电平位移器36可以从汽车接收信号以确认或者确定例如使汽车电池至完全充电所需的电流。温度传感器输入端42从电位计、热敏电阻或者数字温度传感器40接收信号，如图2中所示。地面故障检测电路44接收来自电流互感器28的输入。故障的检测促使微控制器38打开继电器14，从而切断了电流。
继电器控制装置32、驱动器34、位移器36、传感器输入端42以及检测电路44连接至微控制器38，微控制器38可以由本领域技术人员来编制。一个合适的微控制器是来自California San Jose的Atmel公司的Atmel ATMEGA328P。
虽然本公开内容易于各种修改和替代形式，但是其特定示例性实施例借助示例在附图中已经示出了且在本文进行了详细描述。然而，应当理解，并不意图把本公开内容限制至所公开的特定实施例，但是相反，意图是覆盖落入如所附权利要求书所限定的本公开内容的精神和范围之内的所有修改、等价体及替代体。

Claims (6)

1.一种车辆充电***(10)，其包括用于对供应至电动车辆的电流提供限制的负载管理机制，该***包括：
a)电线索和车辆连接器组件(16)；
b)经由所述电线索和车辆连接器组件(24)提供的领示信号，其用于调节供应至所述电动车辆的电流；
c)传感器，其用于确定所述电线索和车辆连接器组件(42)中的热累积；以及
d)位于所述车辆充电***上的处理器(38)，该处理器(38)用于从所述传感器接收与所述电线索和车辆连接器组件中热累积有关的输入，所述处理器基于这样的输入对所述领示信号进行修改以便限制正在供应给所述电动车辆的电流的水平。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆充电***，其中，所述电线索和车辆连接器组件包括可伸缩卷线器，可伸缩卷线器包括用于使电线索缩回和伸张的线轴，所述电线索用于向电动车辆提供充电。
3.如权利要求2所述的车辆充电***，其中，用于确定所述电线索和车辆连接器组件中的热累积的传感器包括用于确定所述可伸缩卷线器已经从所述线轴抽取出程度的传感器。
4.如权利要求2所述的车辆充电***，其中，用于确定所述电线索和车辆连接器组件中的热累积的传感器包括用于测量所述线轴附近温度的热敏电阻。
5.如权利要求2所述的车辆充电***，其中，用于确定所述电线索和车辆连接器组件中的热累积的传感器包括用于测量所述线轴附近温度的数字温度传感器。
6.如权利要求1所述的车辆充电***，还包括所述线索中的检测导体，所述检测导体在一端可操作地连接至所述处理器，而另一端可操作地连接至所述车辆连接器组件的电阻器。
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