CN104376762B - A kind of rubber replaces the loading analysis instrument that bolt is deformed by axial tension - Google Patents
A kind of rubber replaces the loading analysis instrument that bolt is deformed by axial tension Download PDFInfo
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- CN104376762B CN104376762B CN201410672349.XA CN201410672349A CN104376762B CN 104376762 B CN104376762 B CN 104376762B CN 201410672349 A CN201410672349 A CN 201410672349A CN 104376762 B CN104376762 B CN 104376762B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
- G09B23/10—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of solid bodies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
The loading analysis instrument and application method deformed the present invention relates to a kind of rubber instead of bolt by axial tension, the change of power during being easy to ocular demonstration tight bolted connection axially loaded, the present apparatus substitutes bolt by rubber, spring is set to carry out axially loaded experimental analysis in connected piece, with the method substituted with amplification, in the case where meeting Hooke's law, connected piece is substituted with small stiffness factor spring to be pressurized, the rubber of big pitch replaces screw rod, be exaggerated script bolt it is loaded after micro-strain, and screw rod transmission is combined with lifting mechanism and is designed to load maintainer, to reach the purpose for applying load.Not only cost is low for the present apparatus, small volume, and is easy to carry, easily operated.Teacher directly can be operated in classroom, the axially loaded whole process of ocular demonstration tight bolted connection, and by abstract specific knowledge, the purpose of knowwhy is more preferably grasped so as to reach the more preferable teaching of teacher and student.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the loading analysis instrument that a kind of rubber is deformed instead of the tight bolt of bolt by axial tension.
Background technology
Bolt-connection is a kind of structure type most basic in fastener connection, and tight bolted connection is most common, quilt
It is widely applied among modern industry.How to be well understood by and grasp the axially loaded whole dynamic process of tight bolted connection
This partial knowledge more preferable to design bolt and just there is very great meaning using bolt.But after applying load due to bolt
Deflection very little, and the knowwhy of this part is relatively abstract, it is difficult to is understood by learner.Existing tight bolted connection
Instruments used for education there is no can ocular demonstration from apply pretightning force to apply load whole change procedure.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to be directed to above weak point, there is provided a kind of rubber replaces what bolt was deformed by axial tension
Loading analysis instrument, realize the axially loaded process of ocular demonstration tight bolted connection.
Scheme is used by the present invention solves technical problem：A kind of rubber replaces the load that bolt is deformed by axial tension
Analyzer, including a bottom plate, the both sides of the bottom plate are installed with column, a top plate are fixedly connected with the top of the column respectively,
The connecting plate being fixed on column is provided with above the bottom plate, is provided with and is set on column and can edge above the connecting plate
The upper plate that column moves up and down, the upper connected piece being symmetrically installed is provided between the connecting plate and upper plate, lower is connected
Fitting, the upper and lower connected piece include outer box cavity and are set in outer box cavity and can be moved up and down along outer box cavity
Inner box cavity, be also folded with spring between inside and outside box cavity；Also include bolt, the bolt company of sequentially passing through from bottom to up
Fishplate bar, upper connected piece, lower connected piece and upper plate, and through nut check, be provided between the upper plate and nut
One backing plate, the bolt include a screw rod for being in cylindrical rubber, bolt head and headed, and the rubber both ends are respectively through spline
It is connected with bolt head and screw head, the sleeve with the spline fitted is arranged with the rubber；Also include a load maintainer,
The load maintainer includes being set in the load plate that can be moved up and down on column and along column, is provided with and allows in the middle part of the load plate
The through hole that upper and lower connected piece passes through, the both sides of the load plate are respectively arranged with the upper grid with chute, the connecting plate
Both sides be respectively arranged with the downslide frid with chute, be provided between upper and lower coulisse middle part cross-articulation first connecting rod
And second connecting rod, the upper end of the first connecting rod are hinged with Screw, cunning of the Screw in the upper grid of side
Moved in groove, the lower end of the first connecting rod is hinged on the downslide frid of opposite side, and the lower end of the second connecting rod is hinged with
Sliding block, the sliding block move in the chute of the downslide frid of side, and the upper end of the second connecting rod is hinged on the upper of opposite side
On coulisse, the screw mandrel with nut is additionally provided with the bottom plate, the cross bar being connected with sliding block is provided with the nut.
Further, the coefficient of elasticity of the rubber is more than the coefficient of elasticity of the spring.
Further, being sticked between the upper and lower connected piece has first pressure sensor, the backing plate and upper plate it
Between be sticked and have second pressure sensor, being sticked between the upper plate and load plate has the 3rd pressure sensor, on the top plate
The ultrasonic sensor that ranging is carried out to bolt, upper plate and connected piece is respectively equipped with, connection the is provided with the bottom plate
First, it is additionally provided with the downslide frid of the control board of second, third pressure sensor and ultrasonic sensor, wherein side
The LCDs of pressure and distance is shown, the output end of the control board and the input of the LCDs are electrically connected
Connect.
Further, one end of the screw mandrel is connected with the handle of rotary screw rod.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of technical scheme of the invention is：A kind of rubber described above replaces bolt
The loading analysis instrument application method deformed by axial tension, is carried out according to the following steps：
（1）Switch on power, starting switch；
（2）Adjusting nut, bolt is set to be in non-tight condition, load maintainer is adjusted to extreme lower position, adjusts ultrasonic wave biography
Sensor position；
（3）Measure and record the original depth and the initial overall length of bolt of initial connected piece；
（4）Start slowly to tighten bolt, pretension to a certain extent, is measured and records bolt full payload, bolt pretightening, quilt
The thickness of connector, bolt overall length；
（5）Rotary handle, load maintainer is set to move upwards axially loaded to bolt progress, the data for observing display screen become
Change, after being applied to certain load, stop loading, will measure and record bolt full payload, bolt pretightening, apply load, connected
The thickness and bolt overall length of fitting；
（6）Power supply is closed, unloads bolt, returns to load maintainer, end operation.
The Design Conception of the present invention：In order that can intuitively to demonstrate tight bolted connection axially loaded for designed analyzer
Never nut is tightened to the whole dynamic process of application axial load, while can intuitively be found out bolt deformation quantity and be passed through numerical value
The change for applying load and pretightning force is shown, for this using equivalent substitution and the method for amplification, utilizes the spiral shell of big coefficient of elasticity
Bolt replaces screw rod to amplify the deflection of bolt, and the spring of small coefficient replaces connected piece to reduce by the firm of even connector
Degree.In view of being easier to make in teacher's teaching process with classmate's interaction, by the way of manually operated, while digital display mould is used
Block, intuitively show the change of elastic deformation amount, pulling force and pressure value.
Screw rod is divided into four parts, top and the bottom are the structure of spline, and centre is connected using rubber, is adopted outside rubber
The sleeve for being designed to be engaged with spline with inside, enough make nut point of the distorting stress of screw rod and tension in rundown process
Open, so as to ensure rubber screw rod in position of center line without departing from while whole frame peripheral is matched somebody with somebody with four root posts with linear bearing
Close to keep rubber deformation amount consistent, and the bolt so made is more aesthetically pleasing.Using such equivalent substitution and amplification
Method design bolt arrangement, the structure of bolt script should be ensured, and can makes it will be original small in loading procedure
Deflection be amplified so that deflection of the teaching aid in presentation process can observe come, play preferable demonstrating effect.
Simultaneously as deflection of the connected piece during tools for bolts ' pretension is not easy observed come out, it is therefore desirable to reduces
The rigidity of connected piece.
The derivation of equation of the present invention：
Bolt is substituted with the rubber of big coefficient of elasticity, small coefficient spring substitutes connected piece, is both meeting recklessly
In the range of gram law.If bolt is rubber B, rigidity Cb, connected piece is spring M, rigidity Cm。
State 1：The non-tight condition of nut, now rubber and spring are at free state；
State 2：Nut Pre strained state, nut apply pressure in rundown process to spring M, and spring M is λ by reduction length
m；Rubber B is stretched because nut is screwed down by upward power, and elongation is λ b；Pressure and rubber suffered by spring M
The pulling force size that glue B is subject to is pretightning force F0；
State 3：Apply the state after tensile load F, at this moment rubber B continues to elongate on the basis of state 2, rubber B
Elongation be Δ λ, pulling force increases to F2；And spring M pressure is reduced to F1(residual pre-tightening forces), its reduction amount are：Δλ×Cm
=F1- F0；The total pulling force that required bolt is subject to is：F2=F0+Δλ×Cb；
Now, stress balance condition of the coupling nut in state 3 is：F2=F+ F1（1）；
Because in state 2 into state 3, rubber B elongation and spring M decrement are equal, are all Δ λ,
Δλ= (F2- F0)/Cb= (F0- F1)/Cm（2）
Simultaneous is drawn a conclusion：
F1= F0- [Cm/( Cb+ Cm)]×F；
F2= F0+[Cb/( Cb+ Cm)]×F；
Finally draw a conclusion as the conclusion in textbook, it was demonstrated that the model established is feasible.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：The present invention is simple in construction, easily operated, passes through profit
Screw rod is replaced with the rubber of big coefficient of elasticity to amplify the deflection of bolt, and small coefficient spring replaces connected piece to reduce
The rigidity of connected piece；Using equivalent substitution and the method for amplification so that the present invention can intuitively demonstrate tight bolted connection axle
Nut is never tightened to the whole dynamic process for applying axial load to loading, while can intuitively be found out bolt deformation quantity and be led to
Cross numerical value and show the change for applying load and pretightning force；It is effective to help student to be better understood from textbook theory.
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Brief description of the drawings
Patent of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the organigram of bolt of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is A-A sectional views in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the organigram of load maintainer in the embodiment of the present invention.
Label declaration in figure：
1- studs；2- nuts；3- backing plates；4- sleeves；5- rubber；6- bolt heads；7- bottom plates；8- columns；9- top plates；10-
Connecting plate；11- upper plates；Connected piece under 12-；The upper connected pieces of 13-；14- springs；15- load plates；16- head rods；
The connecting rods of 17- second；18- upper grids；19- downslide frids；20- sliding blocks；21- Screws；22- screw mandrels；23rd, the second spiral shell
It is female；24 handles；25- first pressure sensors；26- second pressure sensors；The pressure sensors of 27- the 3rd；28- supersonic sensings
Device；29- control boards；30- LCDs；31- cross bars.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Embodiment one：As shown in figures 1-4, a kind of rubber replaces the loading analysis instrument that bolt is deformed by axial tension, including
One bottom plate 7, the both sides of the bottom plate 7 are installed with column 8 respectively, and the top of column 8 is fixedly connected with a top plate 9, the bottom
The top of plate 7 is provided with the connecting plate 10 being fixed on column 8, and the top of connecting plate 10, which is provided with, to be set on column 8 and can
The upper plate 11 moved up and down along column 8, be provided between the connecting plate 10 and upper plate 11 be symmetrically installed it is upper be connected
Part 13, lower connected piece 12, the upper connected piece 13, lower connected piece 12 include outer box cavity and are set in outer box cavity
It is interior and can also be folded with spring 14 between inside and outside box cavity along the inner box cavity that outer box cavity moves up and down；Also include bolt,
The bolt sequentially passes through connecting plate 10, upper connected piece 13, lower connected piece 12, upper plate 11 from bottom to up, and through spiral shell
Mother 2 is locked, and a backing plate 3 is provided between the upper plate 11 and nut 2, and the bolt includes one in cylindrical rubber 5, bolt
First 6 and the screw rod 1 of headed, the rubber both ends are connected through spline with bolt head 6 and the head of screw rod 1 respectively, on the rubber 5
It is arranged with and the sleeve of the spline fitted 4；Also include a load maintainer, the load maintainer includes being set on column and can
The load plate 15 moved up and down along column, the middle part of load plate 15, which is provided with, allows connected piece 13, lower connected piece 12 to wear
The through hole crossed, the both sides of the load plate 15 are respectively arranged with the upper grid 18 with chute, the both sides difference of the connecting plate
The downslide frid 19 with chute is provided with, the first of middle part cross-articulation is provided between upper grid 18, downslide frid 19
Connecting rod 16 and second connecting rod 17, the upper end of the first connecting rod 16 are hinged with Screw 21, and the Screw 21 exists respectively
To be moved in the chute of the upper grid 18 of side, the lower end of the first connecting rod 16 is hinged on the downslide frid 19 of opposite side,
The lower end of the second connecting rod 17 is hinged with sliding block 20, and the sliding block 20 moves in the chute of the downslide frid 19 of side respectively
Dynamic, the upper end of the second connecting rod 17 is respectively hinged on the upper grid 18 of opposite side, and band the is additionally provided with the bottom plate 7
The screw mandrel 22 of two nuts 23, the cross bar 31 being connected with sliding block 20 is provided with second nut 23.
In the present embodiment, the coefficient of elasticity of the rubber 5 is more than the coefficient of elasticity of the spring 14.
In the present embodiment, being sticked between the upper and lower connected piece has first pressure sensor 25, the backing plate 3 and upper
Being sticked between top plate 11 has second pressure sensor 26, and being sticked between the upper plate 11 and load plate 15 has the 3rd pressure sensing
Device 27, the ultrasonic sensor 28 that ranging is carried out to bolt, upper plate 11 and connected piece, institute are respectively equipped with the top plate 9
The control board 29 that first, second, third pressure sensor of connection and ultrasonic sensor 28 are provided with bottom plate 7 is stated, its
Be additionally provided with the downslide frid 19 of middle side display pressure and distance LCDs 30, the control board 29 it is defeated
Go out end to electrically connect with the input of the LCDs 30.
In the present embodiment, one end of the screw mandrel 22 is connected with the handle 24 of rotary screw rod.
A kind of rubber described above replaces the loading analysis instrument application method that bolt is deformed by axial tension, according to the following steps
Carry out：
（1）Switch on power, starting switch；
（2）Adjusting nut, bolt is set to be in non-tight condition, load maintainer is adjusted to extreme lower position, adjusts ultrasonic wave biography
Sensor position；
（3）Measure and record the original depth L of initial connected piece1With the initial overall length L of bolt2；
（4）Start slowly to tighten bolt, pretension to a certain extent, is measured and records bolt full payload F1, bolt pretightening
F0, the thickness L of connected piece1, bolt overall length L2；
（5）Rotary handle, load maintainer is set to move upwards axially loaded to bolt progress, the data for observing display screen become
Change, after being applied to certain load, stop loading, will measure and record bolt full payload F1, bolt pretightening F0, apply load F0,
The thickness L of connected piece1With bolt overall length L2；
（6）Power supply is closed, unloads bolt, returns to load maintainer, end operation.
The object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described by above-listed preferred embodiment, are answered
Understand, the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
God any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the scope of the protection with principle.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of rubber replaces the loading analysis instrument that bolt is deformed by axial tension, it is characterised in that：Including a bottom plate, the bottom
The both sides of plate are installed with column respectively, and a top plate is fixedly connected with the top of the column, is provided with and is fixed on above the bottom plate
Connecting plate on column, the connecting plate top are provided with the upper plate that is set on column and can be moved up and down along column, institute
State and the upper connected piece being symmetrically installed, lower connected piece are provided between connecting plate and upper plate, the upper and lower connected piece is equal
Including outer box cavity and be set in outer box cavity and can along the inner box cavity that outer box cavity moves up and down, inside and outside box cavity it
Between be also folded with spring；Also include bolt, the bolt sequentially passes through connecting plate, upper connected piece, lower is connected from bottom to up
Part and upper plate, and through nut check, a backing plate is provided between the upper plate and nut, the bolt includes one in circle
The screw rod of cylindrical rubber, bolt head and headed, the rubber both ends are connected through spline with bolt head and screw head respectively, institute
State the sleeve being arranged with rubber with the spline fitted；Also include a load maintainer, the load maintainer is vertical including being set in
On post and the load plate that can be moved up and down along column, the through hole for allowing upper and lower connected piece to pass through is provided with the middle part of the load plate,
The both sides of the load plate are respectively arranged with the upper grid with chute, and the both sides of the connecting plate are respectively arranged with chute
Downslide frid, the first connecting rod and second connecting rod of middle part cross-articulation are provided between upper and lower coulisse, the first connecting rod
Upper end is hinged with Screw, and the Screw moves in the chute of the upper grid of side, under the first connecting rod
End is hinged on the downslide frid of opposite side, and the lower end of the second connecting rod is hinged with sliding block, downslide of the sliding block in side
Moved in the chute of frid, the upper end of the second connecting rod is hinged on the upper grid of opposite side, is also set up on the bottom plate
There is the screw mandrel with nut, the cross bar being connected with sliding block is provided with the nut.
2. a kind of rubber according to claim 1 replaces the loading analysis instrument that bolt is deformed by axial tension, its feature exists
In：The coefficient of elasticity of the rubber is more than the coefficient of elasticity of the spring.
3. a kind of rubber according to claim 1 replaces the loading analysis instrument that bolt is deformed by axial tension, its feature exists
In：Being sticked between the upper and lower connected piece has first pressure sensor, and being sticked between the backing plate and upper plate has the second pressure
Force snesor, being sticked between the upper plate and load plate has the 3rd pressure sensor, be respectively equipped with the top plate to bolt,
Upper plate and connected piece carry out the ultrasonic sensor of ranging, and first, second, third pressure of connection is provided with the bottom plate
Display pressure and distance are additionally provided with the downslide frid of the control board of sensor and ultrasonic sensor, wherein side
LCDs, the output end of the control board electrically connect with the input of the LCDs.
4. a kind of rubber according to claim 1 replaces the loading analysis instrument that bolt is deformed by axial tension, its feature exists
In：One end of the screw mandrel is connected with the handle of rotary screw rod.
5. a kind of rubber as claimed in claim 1 replaces the loading analysis instrument application method that bolt is deformed by axial tension, press
Following steps are carried out：
（1）Switch on power, starting switch；
（2）Adjusting nut, makes bolt be in non-tight condition, and load maintainer is adjusted to extreme lower position, adjusts ultrasonic sensor
Position；
（3）Measure and record the original depth and the initial overall length of bolt of initial connected piece；
（4）Start slowly to tighten bolt, pretension to a certain extent, is measured and records bolt full payload, bolt pretightening, is connected
The thickness of part, bolt overall length；
（5）Rotary handle, load maintainer is moved upwards axially loaded to bolt progress, observe the data variation of display screen, apply
After being added to certain load, stop loading, will measure and record bolt full payload, bolt pretightening, apply load, connected piece
Thickness and bolt overall length；
（6）Power supply is closed, unloads bolt, returns to load maintainer, end operation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410672349.XA CN104376762B (en) | 2014-11-22 | 2014-11-22 | A kind of rubber replaces the loading analysis instrument that bolt is deformed by axial tension |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410672349.XA CN104376762B (en) | 2014-11-22 | 2014-11-22 | A kind of rubber replaces the loading analysis instrument that bolt is deformed by axial tension |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104376762A CN104376762A (en) | 2015-02-25 |
| CN104376762B true CN104376762B (en) | 2017-12-15 |
Family
ID=52555645
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410672349.XA Expired - Fee Related CN104376762B (en) | 2014-11-22 | 2014-11-22 | A kind of rubber replaces the loading analysis instrument that bolt is deformed by axial tension |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN104376762B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109612626A (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2019-04-12 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of Axial stress in bolt sensor |
| CN113970435B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-12-01 | 洛阳理工学院 | Axial stress pre-tightening bolt connection strength experiment table and experiment method thereof |
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| US6289741B1 (en) * | 1999-05-20 | 2001-09-18 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Molding device and method for measuring the bonding strength of elastomers |
| JP2011220830A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2011-11-04 | Kurashiki Kako Co Ltd | Jig for testing characteristics of rubber bush |
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2014
- 2014-11-22 CN CN201410672349.XA patent/CN104376762B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| US6289741B1 (en) * | 1999-05-20 | 2001-09-18 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Molding device and method for measuring the bonding strength of elastomers |
| JP2011220830A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2011-11-04 | Kurashiki Kako Co Ltd | Jig for testing characteristics of rubber bush |
| CN203287243U (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-11-13 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Stretching device for rubber test |
| CN103900910A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-02 | 沈阳兴鑫科技有限公司 | Gear and screw transmission type bidirectional tensile testing machine |
| CN204270564U (en) * | 2014-11-22 | 2015-04-15 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of rubber replaces bolt by the loading analysis instrument of axial tension distortion |
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| CN104376762A (en) | 2015-02-25 |
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