CN104374661A - High-temperature high-pressure in-situ composite fretting test device - Google Patents
High-temperature high-pressure in-situ composite fretting test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104374661A CN104374661A CN201410708739.8A CN201410708739A CN104374661A CN 104374661 A CN104374661 A CN 104374661A CN 201410708739 A CN201410708739 A CN 201410708739A CN 104374661 A CN104374661 A CN 104374661A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the corrosion-resistant material fretting technology, in particular to a high-temperature high-pressure in-situ composite fretting test device, and solves the problems that composite fretting at high temperature and under high pressure is difficult to realize, fretting amplitude and frequency are difficult to measure and control accurately, radial load is difficult to accurately measure and adjust in real time, frictional force between friction pairs is difficult to measure, electrochemical signals are difficult to measure in the fretting process and the like. The device comprises a piezoelectric actuator, a tension and pressure sensor, a vibration exciter, a displacement sensor, linear guides, a high-pressure autoclave, a high-pressure autoclave cover, a working electrode/auxiliary electrode holder, a reference electrode holder, a hydraulic cylinder, a thermocouple, columns, a positioning plate, a first sample clamping device, a vertical movement shaft, a horizontal movement shaft, movement shaft guide brackets, an auxiliary electrode, a reference electrode, a working electrode, a guide platform plate, guide bars and the like. In-situ tangential fretting, radial fretting and bidirectional composite fretting are performed on surfaces of samples at high temperature and under high pressure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to corrosion-resistant material fretting wear technology, be specially a kind of high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit.
Background technology
Steam generator connects the hinge of primary Ioops and secondary circuit as nuclear power station, there are thousands of heat-transfer pipes its inside, at the primary Ioops water that heat-transfer pipe inside is high temperature high pressure and hig flow speed, outside is the secondary circuit steam of high temperature high pressure and hig flow speed, under the reciprocation of steam-water twin phases between heat-transfer pipe and shockproof strip, between heat transfer tube hydroforming and all fretting wear can occur between heat-transfer pipe and tube sheet support plate, the continuous growth along with active time finally causes the inefficacy of heat-transfer pipe.Fretting wear is as one of the dominant failure mode of steam generator heat-transfer pipe, and carrying out fretting wear research in high-temperature high pressure water in a deep going way provides reliable theoretical foundation by for the design of associated components and maintenance, and the service life improving heat-transfer pipe is significant.
Owing to being subject to high-temperature high-pressure in-situ fretting wear system complex, not only to realize fretting wear between friction pair material under High Temperature High Pressure, also will consider the series of problems such as extraction of the measurement of friction force between kinematic axis and autoclave are inside and outside under High Temperature High Pressure pressure equilibrium, sealing, the accurate real-time loading of friction pair radial load, friction pair, insulation between sample and canister, signal wire.Exactly because the technical difficulty on these experimental facilitiess, limit the in-situ characterization to corrosion-resistant material fretting wear ability used in the high temperature and high pressure environments such as nuclear power.At present, relevant fretting wear equipment mainly uses in atmospheric conditions, and can not simulate the actual water-chemical regime of nuclear power station well, high-temperature high pressure water situ Compound Fretting Wear equipment have not been reported.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit, solve that tangential fretting wear under High Temperature High Pressure in prior art, radial fretting wearing and tearing and two-way (tangential and radial) Compound Fretting Wear are difficult to realize, fretting amplitude and frequency are difficult to accurately to measure and control, friction pair radial load is difficult to accurately measure and regulate in real time, between friction pair friction force be difficult to measure and in fretting wear process, electrochemical signals is difficult to the problems such as measurement.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit, this device is provided with: piezoelectric ceramic actuator, pull pressure sensor, vibrator, displacement transducer, line slideway, autoclave body, high pressure kettle cover, working electrode/auxiliary electrical electrode seat, contrast electrode seat, hydraulic cylinder, thermopair, column, location-plate, the first sample holding device, vertical motion axle, tangential movement axle, kinematic axis guiding trestle, auxiliary electrode, contrast electrode, working electrode, guide flat platen, guide pole, and concrete structure is as follows:
Autoclave adopts high pressure kettle cover and the inverted structure of autoclave body, high pressure kettle cover under, autoclave body is upper, and autoclave body side-wall hole also installs tangential movement axle, autoclave covers and arranges thermopair, vertical motion axle, working electrode/auxiliary electrical electrode seat, contrast electrode seat and external contrast electrode, arrange auxiliary electrode, working electrode in autoclave body, auxiliary electrode and working electrode pass working electrode/auxiliary electrical electrode seat respectively by wire, contrast electrode is installed on contrast electrode seat, and the catheter of contrast electrode extends in autoclave body, vertical motion axle is consist of pull pressure sensor I connection segment between top guide pole and bottom guide pole, wherein: the top guide pole of vertical motion axle passes the upper line slideway of upper guide flat platen center, vertical motion axle is guided to move up and down, upper guide flat platen is connected with the axially oriented support of the vertical motion in autoclave body by the fixed orifice on it, the top guide pole of vertical motion axle is equipped with friction pair first sample holding device in autoclave body, pressure balance mechanism is provided with between bottom guide pole and autoclave body, and sealed by O-ring seal, vibrator arranged outside vibrator guiding trestle bar, lower guide flat platen is installed at the top of vibrator guiding trestle bar, connecting link is through the lower line slideway of lower guide flat platen center, the excitation head of vibrator guides connecting link to move up and down, vertical motion axle is driven to move up and down by connecting link, tangential movement axle is that left part guide pole and right part guide pole are consisted of pull pressure sensor II connection segment, wherein: the left part guide pole of tangential movement axle and right part guide pole are each passed through the right line slideway in the left line slideway of the axially oriented carriage center of tangential movement and autoclave, guide the side-to-side movement of tangential movement axle, the axially oriented support of tangential movement is fixed on autoclave lifting location-plate, the right-hand member of tangential movement axle is equipped with friction pair second sample holding device in autoclave, pressure balance mechanism is provided with between right part guide pole and autoclave body, and sealed by O-ring seal, left part guide pole is connected by screw thread with piezoelectric ceramic actuator.
Described high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit, working electrode is equivalent to friction pair first sample, friction pair second sample that working electrode and second sample holding device one end are installed contacts setting relatively, the radial load between friction pair first sample and friction pair second sample is applied by tangential movement axle, vertical motion axle drives friction pair first sample to move up and down, and realizes the Relative friction motion between friction pair first sample, friction pair second sample; Wherein, friction pair first sample and friction pair second sample adopt stainless steel, nickel-base alloy, zircaloy, wimet or aluminium oxide to process, and friction pair first sample and friction pair first sample holding device and friction pair second sample and friction pair second sample holding device all adopt surface coverage to have ZrO
2zr-4 alloy insulate.
Described high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit, vertical motion axle is arranged displacement transducer and pull pressure sensor, use displacement transducer to carry out high frequency to fretting amplitude in fretting wear process to measure in real time, use pull pressure sensor to carry out high frequency to the thrust of vertical motion axle and pulling force to measure in real time, and by signal acquisition process control system, the fretting amplitude of fretting wear process and fine motion frequency are accurately controlled; It is 2 μm to 1000 μm that friction pair first sample does fretting amplitude under the driving of vertical motion axle, and vibration frequency is less than the vibration of 1000Hz.
Described high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit, tangential movement axle arranges pull pressure sensor, use pull pressure sensor to carry out high frequency to the thrust of tangential movement axle to measure in real time, between friction pair first sample and friction pair second sample, produce radial permanent load and alternate load by piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and use signal acquisition process control system accurately to control the alternative frequency of radial load in fretting wear process and load peaks; Under the driving of piezoelectric ceramic actuator, the radial load that between friction pair first sample and friction pair second sample, imposed load peak value is less than 800N, alternative frequency is less than 1000Hz, alternate load form is sine wave oscillations, square wave vibration or triangular wave.
Described high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit, auxiliary electrode employing take platinum filament as the platinized platinum of wire, platinum filament outer cover has teflon heat-shrink tube, and working electrode has the zirconium silk of teflon heat-shrink tube, nickel wire or stainless steel wire to be welded on friction pair first sample as tracerse point by outer cover; Working electrode and auxiliary electrode are drawn by working electrode/auxiliary electrical electrode seat, coordinate the electrochemical signals in electrochemical workstation detection fretting wear process, working electrode on electrochemical workstation, auxiliary electrode are connected with the wire of the wire of working electrode, the wire of auxiliary electrode and contrast electrode respectively with the wire clamp of contrast electrode, by the curent change in electrochemical workstation Quick Acquisition and record sample In-situ reaction fretting wear process, the electrochemical signals that sample surface film in fretting wear process constantly destroys this process is detected.
Described high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit, kinematic axis axle sleeve is respectively equipped with on the left of vertical motion axle bottom and tangential movement axle, kinematic axis axle sleeve outside is provided with kinematic axis cooling jacket, connected by pipeline between vertical motion axle cooling jacket and tangential movement axle cooling jacket, vertical motion axle cooling jacket is provided with kinematic axis cooling water intake, tangential movement axle cooling jacket is provided with kinematic axis cooling water outlet, effectively prevents pressure balance mechanism temperature too high.
Described high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit, in autoclave, guide flat platen adopts gap type design, and tangential movement axle moves up and down with autoclave body; Tangential movement axle is made up of left part guide pole and right part guide pole, and vertical motion axle is made up of top guide pole and bottom guide pole, and namely tangential movement axle and vertical motion axle all adopt sectional type to be connected.
Described high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit, arrange two columns outside autoclave and form two column support, two column support both sides are respectively equipped with hydraulic cylinder, and hydraulic pressure delivery side of pump is connected with hydraulic cylinder; Two columns arrange slide block respectively through inside the perforate on location-plate, and location-plate is slidably matched by slide block and column; The axially oriented support of tangential movement is all threaded connection and is fixed on location-plate, drives tangential movement axle to move up and down with location-plate and autoclave body.
Described high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit, first sample holding device comprises the first sample abutment sleeve, first sample conehead bolt, friction pair first sample, first sample hold-down bolt, concrete structure is as follows: adopt variable cross section structure with the first sample hold-down bolt inside the first sample abutment sleeve, first sample abutment sleeve both ends open, its one end open is to outer tubaeform by interior, friction pair first sample is positioned at the inner bottom part of this openend, friction pair first sample and the first sample abutment sleeve inner chamber are slidably matched, the Side symmetrical of the first sample abutment sleeve installs the first sample conehead bolt, first sample conehead bolt is in friction pair first sample both sides, contact with friction pair first sample, friction pair first sample is fixed, first sample abutment sleeve other end opening is internal thread structure, and by secondary first sample of the first sample hold-down bolt pressing friction, friction pair first sample and friction pair second sample just right, and to contact with each other, form friction pair.
Described high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit, friction pair second sample holding device comprises abutment sleeve fastening bolt, second sample abutment sleeve, sleeve conehead bolt, friction pair second sample bolt, friction pair second sample, friction pair second specimen cannula, concrete structure is as follows: adopt variable cross section structure with abutment sleeve fastening bolt inside the second sample abutment sleeve, one end of friction pair second specimen cannula is piston end, this piston end and the second sample abutment sleeve inner chamber are slidably matched, the other end of friction pair second specimen cannula extends outside one end of the second sample abutment sleeve, plug-in mounting friction pair second sample in the blind hole that the described friction pair second specimen cannula other end is offered, the Side symmetrical of the described friction pair second specimen cannula other end installs friction pair second sample conehead bolt, friction pair second sample conehead bolt is in friction pair second sample both sides, contact with friction pair second sample, friction pair second sample is fixed, friction pair second sample adopts one end to be cylindrical, and the other end is semisphere, second sample abutment sleeve Side symmetrical installing sleeve conehead bolt, sleeve conehead bolt contacts in friction pair second specimen cannula both sides, with friction pair second specimen cannula, and friction pair second specimen cannula is fixed,
The piston end back side of friction pair second specimen cannula, by screw thread, abutment sleeve fastening bolt is installed in the other end of the second sample abutment sleeve, abutment sleeve fastening bolt and friction pair second specimen cannula contact, and friction pair second specimen cannula is fixed further; Be fastenedly connected by internal thread and right part guide pole at the other end of abutment sleeve fastening bolt.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
1, apparatus of the present invention can realize the Compound Fretting Wear of sample original position tangential fretting, radial fretting and tangential fretting and radial fretting at high temperature under high pressure, coordinate electrochemical workstation also to utilize the High Temperature High Pressure working electrode, High Temperature High Pressure reference and the auxiliary electrode that are arranged on autoclave, the electrochemical signals that sample surface film in fretting wear process constantly destroys this process is detected.
2, the present invention adopts high energy activator as drive unit, carries out high frequency measurement by high accuracy displacement sensor to fretting amplitude, and is regulated in real time fretting amplitude by signal acquisition process control system, has the advantages that control accuracy is high.
3, the present invention adopts piezoelectric ceramic actuator as radial loading device, by pull pressure sensor on tangential movement axle to friction pair between radial load carry out real-time accurate measurement, and realize between friction pair, keeping radial permanent load and alternate load by data acquistion and control system.
4, the present invention is regulated fine motion frequency in real time by signal acquisition process control system, has and controls the feature simple, precision is high.
5, the pressure that the present invention adopts the pull pressure sensor be arranged on vertical motion axle accurately to measure before and after applying radial load on vertical direction changes, the friction force size of indirect inspection under different fretting wear amplitude, frequency, radial load and different chemical environment of water between friction pair.
6, the present invention solves the pressure equilibrium of tangential movement axle and vertical motion axle and the problem of sealing by pressure balance mechanism.
7, the present invention arranges two line slideways respectively on the vertical motion axle and tangential movement axle of vibrator, ensures vertical motion axle and tangential movement axle only in axial direction motion, has the feature of stable movement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit structural representation.In figure, 1 hydraulic pump; 2 hydraulic pump air releases; 3 hydraulic pump joysticks; 4 working electrodes/auxiliary electrical electrode seat; 5 vent valves; 6 hydraulic cylinders; 7 vertical motion axles; 8 catheters; 9 safety valve; 10 pressure transducers; 11 tensimeters; 12 friction pair first sample holding devices; The axially oriented support of 13 vertical motion; 14 slide blocks; 15 columns; 16 location-plates; Guide flat platen on 17; 18 top guide poles; Line slideway on 19; 20 autoclave bodies; 21 working electrodes; 22 kettle heating jackets; 23 friction pair second sample holding devices; 24 right line slideways; 25 cooling water outlets; 26 right part guide poles; 27 tangential movement axle cooling jackets; 28 pull pressure sensor II; The axially oriented support of 29 tangential movement; 30 left line slideways; 31 left part guide poles; 32 piezoelectric ceramic actuators; 33 piezoelectric ceramic actuator fasteners; 34 tangential movement axles; 35 auxiliary electrodes; 36 liquid feed valves; 37 high pressure kettle covers; 38 contrast electrode seats; 39 vertical motion axle cooling jackets; 40 contrast electrodes; 41 pull pressure sensor I; 42 times line slideways; 43 vibrators; 44 cooling water intakes; 45 thermopairs; 46 displacement transducers; 47 bottom guide poles; 48 times guide flat platens; 49 vibrator guiding trestle bars.
Fig. 2 is upper guide table plate structure schematic diagram.In figure, the axially oriented support of 13 vertical motion; Guide flat platen on 17; 18 top guide poles; Line slideway on 19; 50 guiding trestle hold-down nuts.
Fig. 3 (a)-(b) is the first sample friction pair clamping device schematic diagram.Wherein, Fig. 3 (a) is front view; Fig. 3 (b) is side view.In figure, 12 friction pair first sample holding devices; 51 first sample abutment sleeves; 52 first sample conehead bolts; 53 friction pair first samples; 54 first sample hold-down bolts.
Fig. 4 (a)-(b) is friction pair second sample holding device schematic diagram.Wherein, Fig. 4 (a) is front view; Fig. 4 (b) is side view.In figure, 23 friction pair second sample holding devices; 26 right part guide poles; 55 abutment sleeve fastening bolts; 56 second sample abutment sleeves; 57 sleeve conehead bolts; 58 friction pair second sample bolts; 59 friction pair second samples; 60 friction pair second specimen cannula.
Embodiment
High-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit of the present invention, by piezoelectric ceramic actuator, pull pressure sensor, vibrator, displacement transducer, line slideway, autoclave body, high pressure kettle cover, working electrode/auxiliary electrical electrode seat, contrast electrode seat, hydraulic cylinder, thermopair, column, location-plate, first sample holding device, vertical motion axle, tangential movement axle, kinematic axis guiding trestle, auxiliary electrode, contrast electrode, working electrode, guide flat platen, the formations such as guide pole, under realizing High Temperature High Pressure, the wearing and tearing of original position tangential fretting are carried out to specimen surface, radial fretting wearing and tearing and two-way (tangential and radial) Compound Fretting Wear.The present invention realizes the accurate control of the radial permanent load of sample and alternate load by the piezoelectric ceramic actuator and pull pressure sensor installing horizontal direction, accurate measurement and the adjustment of tangential fretting amplitude, fine motion frequency and friction force is controlled by the high energy activator of vertical direction, displacement transducer, pull pressure sensor, in addition by the contrast electrode on autoclave, working electrode and auxiliary electrode, and electrochemical workstation is coordinated to be detected by the electrochemical signals in fretting wear process.The High Temperature High Pressure of apparatus of the present invention refers to, maximum operating temperature can reach 350 DEG C, and maximum working pressure (MWP) can reach 20MPa.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 (a)-(b), shown in Fig. 4 (a)-(b), high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit of the present invention mainly comprises: hydraulic pump 1, hydraulic pump air release 2, hydraulic pump joystick 3, working electrode/auxiliary electrical electrode seat 4, vent valve 5, hydraulic cylinder 6, vertical motion axle 7, catheter 8, safety valve 9, pressure transducer 10, tensimeter 11, friction pair first sample holding device 12, the axially oriented support 13 of vertical motion, slide block 14, column 15, location-plate 16, upper guide flat platen 17, top guide pole 18, upper line slideway 19, autoclave body 20, working electrode 21, kettle heating jacket 22, friction pair second sample holding device 23, right line slideway 24, cooling water outlet 25, right part guide pole 26, tangential movement axle cooling jacket 27, pull pressure sensor II 28, the axially oriented support 29 of tangential movement, left line slideway 30, left part guide pole 31, piezoelectric ceramic actuator 32, piezoelectric ceramic actuator fastener 33, tangential movement axle 34, auxiliary electrode 35, liquid feed valve 36, high pressure kettle cover 37, contrast electrode seat 38, vertical motion axle cooling jacket 39, contrast electrode 40, pull pressure sensor I 41, lower line slideway 42, vibrator 43, cooling water intake 44, thermopair 45, displacement transducer 46, bottom guide pole 47, lower guide flat platen 48, vibrator guiding trestle bar 49, guiding trestle hold-down nut 50, first sample abutment sleeve 51, first sample conehead bolt 52, friction pair first sample 53, first sample hold-down bolt 54, abutment sleeve fastening bolt 55, second sample abutment sleeve 56, sleeve conehead bolt 57, friction pair second sample bolt 58, friction pair second sample 59, friction pair second specimen cannula 60 etc., concrete structure is as follows:
Autoclave adopts high pressure kettle cover 37 and the inverted structure of autoclave body 20, high pressure kettle cover 37 under, autoclave body 20 is upper, and autoclave body 20 side-wall hole also installs tangential movement axle 34, high pressure kettle cover 37 is arranged thermopair 45, vertical motion axle 7, working electrode/auxiliary electrical electrode seat 4, contrast electrode seat 38 and external contrast electrode 40, arrange auxiliary electrode 35, working electrode 21 in autoclave body, auxiliary electrode 35 and working electrode 21 pass working electrode/auxiliary electrical electrode seat 4 respectively by wire, contrast electrode 40 is installed on contrast electrode seat 38, and the catheter 8 of contrast electrode 40 extends in autoclave body 20, vertical motion axle 7 is consist of pull pressure sensor I 41 connection segment between top guide pole 18 and bottom guide pole 47, wherein: the top guide pole 18 of vertical motion axle 7 passes the upper line slideway 19 at upper guide flat platen 17 center, vertical motion axle 7 is guided to move up and down, upper guide flat platen 17 is connected (Fig. 2) by guiding trestle hold-down nut 50 by the axially oriented support 13 of the fixed orifice on it and the vertical motion in autoclave body 20, the top guide pole 18 of vertical motion axle 7 is equipped with friction pair first sample holding device 12 in autoclave body 20, pressure balance mechanism is provided with between bottom guide pole 47 and high pressure kettle cover 37, and sealed by O-ring seal, vibrator 43 arranged outside vibrator guiding trestle bar 49, lower guide flat platen 48 is installed at the top of vibrator guiding trestle bar 49, connecting link on vibrator 43 is through the lower line slideway 42 at lower guide flat platen 48 center, the excitation head of vibrator 43 guides bottom guide pole 47 to move up and down, vertical motion axle 7 is driven to move up and down by bottom guide pole 47, tangential movement axle 34 is that left part guide pole 31 and right part guide pole 26 are consisted of pull pressure sensor II 28 connection segment, wherein: the left part guide pole 31 of tangential movement axle 34 and right part guide pole 26 are each passed through the right line slideway 24 in the left line slideway 30 at tangential movement axially oriented support 29 center and autoclave, guide the side-to-side movement of tangential movement axle 34, the axially oriented support 29 of tangential movement is fixed on autoclave lifting location-plate 16, the right-hand member of tangential movement axle 34 is equipped with friction pair second sample holding device 23 in autoclave body 20, pressure balance mechanism is provided with between right part guide pole 26 and autoclave body 20, and sealed by O-ring seal, left part guide pole 31 is connected by screw thread with piezoelectric ceramic actuator 32, piezoelectric ceramic actuator fastener 33 is connected and fixed with piezoelectric ceramic actuator 32 through the axially oriented support 29 of tangential movement.
Kinematic axis axle sleeve is respectively equipped with on the left of vertical motion axle 7 bottom and tangential movement axle 34, kinematic axis axle sleeve outside is respectively equipped with vertical motion axle cooling jacket 39 and tangential movement axle cooling jacket 27, connected by pipeline between vertical motion axle cooling jacket 39 and tangential movement axle cooling jacket 27, tangential movement axle cooling jacket 27 is provided with kinematic axis cooling water outlet 25, vertical motion axle cooling jacket 39 is provided with kinematic axis cooling water intake 44, chilled water is passed into vertical motion axle cooling jacket 39 and tangential movement axle cooling jacket 27 by kinematic axis cooling water intake 44, chilled water after heat interchange is discharged by tangential movement axle cooling water outlet 25, can effectively prevent pressure balance mechanism and kinematic axis sleeving temperature too high.
In the present invention, High Temperature High Pressure solution in autoclave can produce a downward acting force to vertical motion axle 7, the chamber inner high voltage liquid that vertical motion axle 7 axle sleeve bottom is connected with autoclave then can produce an acting force upwards to vertical motion axle 7, and the pressure balance mechanism between bottom guide pole 47 and high pressure kettle cover 37 mainly refers to the balance between these two power.In addition, vertical motion axle 7 is also by the friction force between itself and O-ring seal and self gravitation effect, and the balance of vertical motion axle 7 is mainly by the acting in conjunction of these four power.
In the present invention, High Temperature High Pressure solution in autoclave can produce an acting force left to tangential movement axle 34, the chamber inner high voltage liquid be connected with autoclave on the left of tangential movement axle 34 axle sleeve then can produce an acting force to the right to tangential movement axle 34, and the pressure balance mechanism between right part guide pole 26 and autoclave body 20 mainly refers to the balance between these two power.In addition, tangential movement axle 34 is also by the friction force between itself and O-ring seal and self gravitation effect, and the balance of tangential movement axle 34 is mainly by the acting in conjunction of these four power.
In the present invention, working electrode 21 in Fig. 1 is equivalent to friction pair first sample 53 in Fig. 3 (a), friction pair second sample 59 that working electrode 21 is installed with second sample holding device 23 one end contacts setting relatively, the radial load between friction pair first sample 53 and friction pair second sample 59 is applied by tangential movement axle 34, vertical motion axle 7 drives friction pair first sample 53 to move up and down, and realizes the Relative friction motion between friction pair first sample 53, friction pair second sample 59; Wherein, friction pair first sample 53 and friction pair second sample 59 adopt stainless steel, nickel-base alloy, zircaloy, wimet or aluminium oxide to process, and friction pair first sample 53 and friction pair first sample holding device 12 and friction pair second sample 59 all adopt surface coverage to have ZrO with friction pair second sample holding device 23
2zr-4 alloy insulate.
Vertical motion axle 7 is arranged displacement transducer 46 and pull pressure sensor 41, use fretting amplitude in displacement transducer 46 pairs of fretting wear process to carry out high frequency to measure in real time, use the thrust of pull pressure sensor I 41 pairs of vertical motion axles 7 and pulling force to carry out high frequency to measure in real time, and by signal acquisition process control system, the fretting amplitude of fretting wear process and fine motion frequency are accurately controlled; It is 2 μm to 1000 μm that friction pair first sample 53 does fretting amplitude under the driving of vertical motion axle 7, and vibration frequency is less than the vibration of 1000Hz.
Tangential movement axle 34 is arranged pull pressure sensor II 28, use the thrust of pull pressure sensor II 28 pairs of tangential movement axles 34 to carry out high frequency to measure in real time, between friction pair first sample 53 and friction pair second sample, 59 produce radial permanent load and alternate load by piezoelectric ceramic actuator 32, and use signal acquisition process control system accurately to control the alternative frequency of radial load in fretting wear process and load peaks; Under the driving of piezoelectric ceramic actuator 32, can imposed load peak value is less than 800N, alternative frequency is less than 1000Hz radial load between friction pair first sample 53 and friction pair second sample 59, alternate load form can be sine wave oscillations, square wave vibration or triangular wave.
It is the platinized platinum of wire that auxiliary electrode 35 adopts with platinum filament, and platinum filament outer cover has teflon heat-shrink tube, and working electrode 21 has the zirconium silk of teflon heat-shrink tube, nickel wire or stainless steel wire to be welded on friction pair first sample 53 as tracerse point by outer cover, working electrode 21 and auxiliary electrode 35 are drawn by working electrode/auxiliary electrical electrode seat 4, coordinate the electrochemical signals in electrochemical workstation detection fretting wear process, working electrode on electrochemical workstation, the wire clamp of auxiliary electrode and contrast electrode respectively with the wire of working electrode 21, the wire of auxiliary electrode 35 is connected with the wire of contrast electrode 40, by the curent change in electrochemical workstation Quick Acquisition and record sample In-situ reaction fretting wear process, the electrochemical signals that sample surface film in fretting wear process constantly destroys this process is detected.
Upper guide flat platen 17 in autoclave adopts gap type to design, and ensures that tangential movement axle 34 moves up and down with autoclave body 20, autoclave is mounted and dismounted more convenient; Tangential movement axle 34 is connected to form by pull pressure sensor II 28 by left part guide pole 31 and right part guide pole 26, vertical motion axle 7 consists of pull pressure sensor I 41 top guide pole 18 and bottom guide pole 47, namely tangential movement axle 34 and vertical motion axle 7 all adopt sectional type to be connected, and are convenient to dismounting and safeguard.
Arrange location-plate 16 above autoclave body 20, autoclave body 20 top is connected with location-plate 16 by autoclave elevator bolt, the arranged outside kettle heating jacket 22 of autoclave body 20.Arrange two columns 15 outside autoclave and form two column support, two column support both sides are respectively equipped with hydraulic cylinder 6, and the output terminal of hydraulic pump 1 is connected with hydraulic cylinder 6, by hydraulic pump 1 for hydraulic cylinder 6 provides hydraulic power.Hydraulic pump 1 is arranged hydraulic pump joystick 3 and hydraulic pump air release 2, drive hydraulic cylinder 6 by hydraulic pump joystick 3, thus band is dynamically connected, the location-plate 16 of autoclave body 20 moves up and down.Two columns 15 arrange slide block 14 respectively through inside the perforate on location-plate, and location-plate 16 is slidably matched by slide block 14 and column 15; The axially oriented support 29 of tangential movement is all threaded connection and is fixed on location-plate 16, drives tangential movement axle 34 to move up and down with location-plate 16 and autoclave body 20.
High pressure kettle cover 37 side is equipped with feed tube and gas outlet, and on described feed tube, mounting safety valve 9, tensimeter 11, pressure transducer 10 and liquid feed valve 36, described gas outlet is installed vent valve 5.
As shown in Fig. 3 (a)-(b), first sample holding device 12 comprises the first sample abutment sleeve 51, first sample conehead bolt 52, friction pair first sample 53, first sample hold-down bolt 54 etc., concrete structure is as follows: adopt variable cross section to construct with the first sample hold-down bolt 54 inside the first sample abutment sleeve 51, first sample abutment sleeve 51 both ends open, its one end open is to outer tubaeform by interior, friction pair first sample 53 is positioned at the inner bottom part of this openend, friction pair first sample 53 and the first sample abutment sleeve 51 inner chamber are slidably matched, the Side symmetrical of the first sample abutment sleeve 51 installs the first sample conehead bolt 52, first sample conehead bolt 52 is in friction pair first sample 53 both sides, contact with friction pair first sample 53, friction pair first sample 53 is fixed, first sample abutment sleeve 51 other end opening is internal thread structure, and extends secondary first sample 53 of variable cross section end (diameter diminishes) pressing friction of the first sample abutment sleeve 51 by the variable cross section end (diameter diminishes) of the first sample hold-down bolt 54, friction pair first sample 53 is just right with friction pair second sample 59, and contacts with each other, and forms friction pair.
As shown in Fig. 4 (a)-(b), friction pair second sample holding device 23 comprises abutment sleeve fastening bolt 55, second sample abutment sleeve 56, sleeve conehead bolt 57, friction pair second sample bolt 58, friction pair second sample 59, friction pair second specimen cannula 60 etc., concrete structure is as follows: adopt variable cross section to construct with abutment sleeve fastening bolt 55 inside the second sample abutment sleeve 56, one end of friction pair second specimen cannula 60 is piston end, this piston end and the second sample abutment sleeve 56 inner chamber are slidably matched, the other end of friction pair second specimen cannula 60 extends outside one end of the second sample abutment sleeve 56, plug-in mounting friction pair second sample 59 in the blind hole that described friction pair second specimen cannula 60 other end is offered, the Side symmetrical of described friction pair second specimen cannula 60 other end installs friction pair second sample conehead bolt 58, friction pair second sample conehead bolt 58 is in friction pair second sample 59 both sides, contact with friction pair second sample 59, friction pair second sample 59 is fixed, friction pair second sample 59 adopts one end to be cylindrical, and the other end designs for semisphere, second sample abutment sleeve 56 Side symmetrical installing sleeve conehead bolt 57, sleeve conehead bolt 57 contacts in friction pair second specimen cannula 60 both sides, with friction pair second specimen cannula 60, and friction pair second specimen cannula 60 is fixed,
The piston end back side of friction pair second specimen cannula 60, by screw thread, abutment sleeve fastening bolt 55 is installed in the other end of the second sample abutment sleeve 56, the variable cross section end (diameter diminishes) that the variable cross section end (diameter diminishes) of abutment sleeve fastening bolt 55 extends the second sample abutment sleeve 56 contacts with friction pair second specimen cannula 60, and friction pair second specimen cannula 60 is fixed further; Be fastenedly connected by internal thread and right part guide pole 26 at the other end of abutment sleeve fastening bolt 55.
The present invention arranges standard interface outside autoclave, there is the high-temperature high-pressure water circulation corrosion experiment system of automatic control function (see Chinese invention patent: 201010275276.2 by cutting ferrule with outside, the applying date: on 09 08th, 2010, Chinese utility model patent: 201020521040.8, the applying date: on 09 08th, 2010, authorize day: on 06 01st, 2011) connect, thus accurately can control the chemical environment of water in autoclave.In the present invention, manufacturer and the specifications and models of vibrator are: the HEV-500 type high energy Electrodynamic Vibrators that Nanjing Fo Neng Scientific and Technical Industry Co., Ltd produces.
As Figure 1-Figure 4, the using method of high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit of the present invention is as follows:
1, by nickel wire, stainless steel wire or zirconium silk appearance surface cover one deck polytetrafluoro heat-shrink tube, with surperficial at friction pair first sample 53 as wire bonds after heat gun pyrocondensation;
2, friction pair first sample 53 is arranged on surface coverage ZrO
2the first sample holding device 12 in, tighten the first sample hold-down bolt 54 at friction pair first sample 53 back;
3, contrast electrode 40 is arranged on the contrast electrode seat 38 on high pressure kettle cover 37, and keeps the air cock that on contrast electrode 40 top to be in closed condition;
4, swing hydraulic pump joystick 3, two column support both sides hydraulic cylinder 6 ejects, thus band be dynamically connected autoclave body 20 location-plate 16 on move, open autoclave;
5, auxiliary electrode 35 is arranged in autoclave, and keeps just right with working electrode 21;
6, the first sample holding device 12 is arranged on top guide pole 18, and tightens the first sample conehead bolt 52 of friction pair first sample 53 symmetria bilateralis distribution;
7, the hydraulic pump air release 2 of hydraulic cylinder 6 is opened, slow landing autoclave body 20, autoclave body 20 and kettle heating jacket 22 are adjusted to suitable height successively, and tighten the bolt on high pressure kettle cover 37, make high pressure kettle cover 37 and autoclave body 20 combine airtight autoclave;
8, regulate piezoelectric ceramic actuator fastener 33, guarantee friction pair first sample 53, friction pair second sample 59 contact and compress in fine motion process;
9, in autoclave, be filled with the solution that volume is autoclave volume 1/2 to 2/3, and ensure working electrode 21, auxiliary electrode 35 and contrast electrode catheter 8 end can completely submergence be in the solution;
10, experimentally need, in autoclave, pass into argon gas deoxygenation by liquid feed valve 36, then by vent valve 5, gas is discharged, after degasification terminates, liquid feed valve 36 and vent valve 5 are closed successively;
That 11, opens contrast electrode 40 top goes out air cock, after the liquid outlet continuous effluent of contrast electrode 40, the liquid outlet place of contrast electrode 40 is gone out air cock and tightens closedown;
12, open the switch of kinematic axis cooling water intake 44, pass into chilled water toward kinematic axis cooling water intake 44 place;
13, the upper temperature limit of the target heating temperature of autoclave, heat regulation voltage, overtemperature auto-breaking is set, the parameters such as the radial load peak value between the low pressure limit of set pressure controller low pressure auto-breaking, the amplitude of fretting wear and frequency, friction pair and alternative frequency;
14, close low pressure warning switch, open the heating power supply switch of kettle heating jacket 22, autoclave is heated up;
15, treat that temperature reaches setting value, open low pressure warning switch and after tending towards stability 24 hours, open vibrator gauge tap, vertical motion axle 7 is driven to move, open piezoelectric ceramic actuator gauge tap simultaneously, experimentally require to apply predetermined load and alternative frequency, thus make between friction pair first sample 53, friction pair second sample 59, to occur tangential fretting wearing and tearing, radial fretting wearing and tearing and Compound Fretting Wear.
16, need to utilize potentiostat to add a constant potential on friction pair first sample 53 according to test, it is made to be in passive state, by the transient current change caused in electrochemical workstation Quick Acquisition and record fretting wear process, the anti-fretting wear ability of material just can be known.
Embodiment result shows, adopt the present invention can realize carrying out the wearing and tearing of original position tangential fretting, radial fretting wearing and tearing and tangential, radial compound fretting wear to specimen surface under High Temperature High Pressure, tangential fretting wear under solving High Temperature High Pressure, radial fretting wearing and tearing and tangential, radial compound fretting wear be difficult to realize, fretting amplitude and fine motion frequency are difficult to accurately to measure and control, radial load is difficult to accurately measure and regulate in real time, between electrochemical signals and friction pair, friction force is difficult to the problems such as measurement in fretting wear process.The present invention realizes the accurate control of the radial permanent load of sample and alternate load by the piezoelectric ceramic actuator and pull pressure sensor installing horizontal direction, accurate measurement and the adjustment of tangential fretting amplitude, fine motion frequency and friction force is controlled by the high energy activator of vertical direction, displacement transducer, pull pressure sensor, in addition by the contrast electrode on autoclave, working electrode and auxiliary electrode, and electrochemical workstation is coordinated to be detected by the electrochemical signals in fretting wear process.
Claims (10)
1. a high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit, it is characterized in that, this device is provided with: piezoelectric ceramic actuator, pull pressure sensor, vibrator, displacement transducer, line slideway, autoclave body, high pressure kettle cover, working electrode/auxiliary electrical electrode seat, contrast electrode seat, hydraulic cylinder, thermopair, column, location-plate, the first sample holding device, vertical motion axle, tangential movement axle, kinematic axis guiding trestle, auxiliary electrode, contrast electrode, working electrode, guide flat platen, guide pole, and concrete structure is as follows:
Autoclave adopts high pressure kettle cover and the inverted structure of autoclave body, high pressure kettle cover under, autoclave body is upper, and autoclave body side-wall hole also installs tangential movement axle, autoclave covers and arranges thermopair, vertical motion axle, working electrode/auxiliary electrical electrode seat, contrast electrode seat and external contrast electrode, arrange auxiliary electrode, working electrode in autoclave body, auxiliary electrode and working electrode pass working electrode/auxiliary electrical electrode seat respectively by wire, contrast electrode is installed on contrast electrode seat, and the catheter of contrast electrode extends in autoclave body, vertical motion axle is consist of pull pressure sensor I connection segment between top guide pole and bottom guide pole, wherein: the top guide pole of vertical motion axle passes the upper line slideway of upper guide flat platen center, vertical motion axle is guided to move up and down, upper guide flat platen is connected with the axially oriented support of the vertical motion in autoclave body by the fixed orifice on it, the top guide pole of vertical motion axle is equipped with friction pair first sample holding device in autoclave body, pressure balance mechanism is provided with between bottom guide pole and autoclave body, and sealed by O-ring seal, vibrator arranged outside vibrator guiding trestle bar, lower guide flat platen is installed at the top of vibrator guiding trestle bar, connecting link is through the lower line slideway of lower guide flat platen center, the excitation head of vibrator guides connecting link to move up and down, vertical motion axle is driven to move up and down by connecting link, tangential movement axle is that left part guide pole and right part guide pole are consisted of pull pressure sensor II connection segment, wherein: the left part guide pole of tangential movement axle and right part guide pole are each passed through the right line slideway in the left line slideway of the axially oriented carriage center of tangential movement and autoclave, guide the side-to-side movement of tangential movement axle, the axially oriented support of tangential movement is fixed on autoclave lifting location-plate, the right-hand member of tangential movement axle is equipped with friction pair second sample holding device in autoclave, pressure balance mechanism is provided with between right part guide pole and autoclave body, and sealed by O-ring seal, left part guide pole is connected by screw thread with piezoelectric ceramic actuator.
2. according to high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, working electrode is equivalent to friction pair first sample, friction pair second sample that working electrode and second sample holding device one end are installed contacts setting relatively, the radial load between friction pair first sample and friction pair second sample is applied by tangential movement axle, vertical motion axle drives friction pair first sample to move up and down, and realizes the Relative friction motion between friction pair first sample, friction pair second sample; Wherein, friction pair first sample and friction pair second sample adopt stainless steel, nickel-base alloy, zircaloy, wimet or aluminium oxide to process, and friction pair first sample and friction pair first sample holding device and friction pair second sample and friction pair second sample holding device all adopt surface coverage to have ZrO
2zr-4 alloy insulate.
3. according to high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, vertical motion axle is arranged displacement transducer and pull pressure sensor, use displacement transducer to carry out high frequency to fretting amplitude in fretting wear process to measure in real time, use pull pressure sensor to carry out high frequency to the thrust of vertical motion axle and pulling force to measure in real time, and by signal acquisition process control system, the fretting amplitude of fretting wear process and fine motion frequency are accurately controlled; It is 2 μm to 1000 μm that friction pair first sample does fretting amplitude under the driving of vertical motion axle, and vibration frequency is less than the vibration of 1000Hz.
4. according to high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, tangential movement axle arranges pull pressure sensor, use pull pressure sensor to carry out high frequency to the thrust of tangential movement axle to measure in real time, between friction pair first sample and friction pair second sample, produce radial permanent load and alternate load by piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and use signal acquisition process control system accurately to control the alternative frequency of radial load in fretting wear process and load peaks; Under the driving of piezoelectric ceramic actuator, the radial load that between friction pair first sample and friction pair second sample, imposed load peak value is less than 800N, alternative frequency is less than 1000Hz, alternate load form is sine wave oscillations, square wave vibration or triangular wave.
5. according to high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, auxiliary electrode employing take platinum filament as the platinized platinum of wire, platinum filament outer cover has teflon heat-shrink tube, and working electrode has the zirconium silk of teflon heat-shrink tube, nickel wire or stainless steel wire to be welded on friction pair first sample as tracerse point by outer cover; Working electrode and auxiliary electrode are drawn by working electrode/auxiliary electrical electrode seat, coordinate the electrochemical signals in electrochemical workstation detection fretting wear process, working electrode on electrochemical workstation, auxiliary electrode are connected with the wire of the wire of working electrode, the wire of auxiliary electrode and contrast electrode respectively with the wire clamp of contrast electrode, by the curent change in electrochemical workstation Quick Acquisition and record sample In-situ reaction fretting wear process, the electrochemical signals that sample surface film in fretting wear process constantly destroys this process is detected.
6. according to high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, kinematic axis axle sleeve is respectively equipped with on the left of vertical motion axle bottom and tangential movement axle, kinematic axis axle sleeve outside is provided with kinematic axis cooling jacket, connected by pipeline between vertical motion axle cooling jacket and tangential movement axle cooling jacket, vertical motion axle cooling jacket is provided with kinematic axis cooling water intake, tangential movement axle cooling jacket is provided with kinematic axis cooling water outlet, effectively prevents pressure balance mechanism temperature too high.
7. according to high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in autoclave, guide flat platen adopts gap type design, and tangential movement axle moves up and down with autoclave body; Tangential movement axle is made up of left part guide pole and right part guide pole, and vertical motion axle is made up of top guide pole and bottom guide pole, and namely tangential movement axle and vertical motion axle all adopt sectional type to be connected.
8. according to high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, arrange two columns outside autoclave and form two column support, two column support both sides are respectively equipped with hydraulic cylinder, and hydraulic pressure delivery side of pump is connected with hydraulic cylinder; Two columns arrange slide block respectively through inside the perforate on location-plate, and location-plate is slidably matched by slide block and column; The axially oriented support of tangential movement is all threaded connection and is fixed on location-plate, drives tangential movement axle to move up and down with location-plate and autoclave body.
9. according to high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, first sample holding device comprises the first sample abutment sleeve, first sample conehead bolt, friction pair first sample, first sample hold-down bolt, concrete structure is as follows: adopt variable cross section structure with the first sample hold-down bolt inside the first sample abutment sleeve, first sample abutment sleeve both ends open, its one end open is to outer tubaeform by interior, friction pair first sample is positioned at the inner bottom part of this openend, friction pair first sample and the first sample abutment sleeve inner chamber are slidably matched, the Side symmetrical of the first sample abutment sleeve installs the first sample conehead bolt, first sample conehead bolt is in friction pair first sample both sides, contact with friction pair first sample, friction pair first sample is fixed, first sample abutment sleeve other end opening is internal thread structure, and by secondary first sample of the first sample hold-down bolt pressing friction, friction pair first sample and friction pair second sample just right, and to contact with each other, form friction pair.
10. according to high-temperature high-pressure in-situ Compound Fretting Wear test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, friction pair second sample holding device comprises abutment sleeve fastening bolt, second sample abutment sleeve, sleeve conehead bolt, friction pair second sample bolt, friction pair second sample, friction pair second specimen cannula, concrete structure is as follows: adopt variable cross section structure with abutment sleeve fastening bolt inside the second sample abutment sleeve, one end of friction pair second specimen cannula is piston end, this piston end and the second sample abutment sleeve inner chamber are slidably matched, the other end of friction pair second specimen cannula extends outside one end of the second sample abutment sleeve, plug-in mounting friction pair second sample in the blind hole that the described friction pair second specimen cannula other end is offered, the Side symmetrical of the described friction pair second specimen cannula other end installs friction pair second sample conehead bolt, friction pair second sample conehead bolt is in friction pair second sample both sides, contact with friction pair second sample, friction pair second sample is fixed, friction pair second sample adopts one end to be cylindrical, and the other end is semisphere, second sample abutment sleeve Side symmetrical installing sleeve conehead bolt, sleeve conehead bolt contacts in friction pair second specimen cannula both sides, with friction pair second specimen cannula, and friction pair second specimen cannula is fixed,
The piston end back side of friction pair second specimen cannula, by screw thread, abutment sleeve fastening bolt is installed in the other end of the second sample abutment sleeve, abutment sleeve fastening bolt and friction pair second specimen cannula contact, and friction pair second specimen cannula is fixed further; Be fastenedly connected by internal thread and right part guide pole at the other end of abutment sleeve fastening bolt.
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