CN104370315A - Novel low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator - Google Patents
Novel low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator Download PDFInfo
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- CN104370315A CN104370315A CN201410644154.4A CN201410644154A CN104370315A CN 104370315 A CN104370315 A CN 104370315A CN 201410644154 A CN201410644154 A CN 201410644154A CN 104370315 A CN104370315 A CN 104370315A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a novel low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator in which multi-effect evaporators are arranged up and down. The top end of each evaporation chamber is provided with a water distribution device; a water inlet end of the water distribution device of the uppermost evaporation chamber can be or not be provided with a preheater; a heat exchange tube is arranged in each evaporation chamber; the front and back ends of each heat exchange tube are respectively provided with a tube plate; the outer side of each tube plate is provided with a freshwater tank; the lower side of each heat exchange tube is provided with a concentrated water tank; every two adjacent upper and lower freshwater tanks are connected through a J-shaped inter-effect freshwater connecting tube; the concentrated water tank on the upper layer is communicated with the upper side of the water distribution device of the evaporator on the lower layer through a J-shaped inter-effect freshwater connecting tube; and secondary vapor generated by the upper evaporation chamber enters the heat exchange tube of the lower evaporation chamber through inter-effect vapor connecting tubes positioned on two sides of the back side of an evaporator tube bank to be used as an evaporation heat source. The novel low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator can enhance the seawater concentration ratio, does not need any inter-effect pump, lowers the energy consumption for seawater desalination, and ensures that influent water of the multi-effect evaporation chamber with higher evaporation temperature is raw seawater, thereby lowering the scaling risk.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new type low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator, for sea water desaltination.
Background technology
Sea water desaltination, also known as sea water desalinization, is the technology and the process that are separated salt and water in seawater.Distillation method instant heating method is the desalination technology adopted the earliest, is the topmost method of sea water desaltination.Distillation sea water desalting is evaporated by heating of seawater, then make vapor condensation obtain the process of fresh water.
To be most widely used be also low temperature multiple-effect distillation (MED) is considered to one of the most energy-conservation method for desalting seawater, its principle allows the seawater after heating evaporate in the vaporizer of multiple series connection, previous evaporator evaporation steam is out as the thermal source of next vaporizer, and condensation becomes fresh water, this evaporation and condensation process repeat along each effect of a string vaporizer always, often imitate and all create a considerable amount of distilled water.
MED starts late, it is the desalination technology of the maturation eighties in 20th century, feature is can by sea water by distillation under comparatively low operating temperature (being no more than 70 DEG C), obtain high-quality fresh water (TDS≤10ppm), because service temperature is low, the carbon steel that evaporation unit only need use standard stainless steel or be covered with suitable coating just can fully control MED equipment corrosion.Say from complete assembly, the technique pump that MED device is used, comprise brinepump, product water pump and condensate pump etc., be simple centrifugal pump of horizontal axis mostly, this makes ground base work simpler.Therefore, there is no high tension loop and high-pressure pump in a device, can cost of investment be reduced.Angle safeguarded by slave unit, and the whole red-tape operati of MED device only just can complete with little instrument and switch, and the operating requirement when high-adaptability of device can meet underload completely, thus reduces operation maintenance equipment effect.Based on above several factor, MED technology cost of investment and running cost all very advantageous, are called as the most energy-conservation hot method desalination technology.In addition, MED easily realizes the feature of maximization with it, the existing main utilisation technology having become Seawater Desalination Project.
At present, MED technique mainly contains two types:
A kind of is the counter-current process (technique one) coming from the Middle East, directly pump into rear a few single-effect evaporator by pump after seawater preheating, dense water sends into a few effect above by topping-up pump between effect again, and seawater like this realizes repeatedly evaporating, complete the water supply of each effect by pump between 2-3 effect, seawater repeated evaporation improves concentration ratio.
Another kind is the advection technique (technique two) coming from France, seawater progressively after preheating respectively spray to each effect, do not establish topping-up pump between effect, each effect water inlet be all former seawater, and namely seawater is only concentrated through single vaporization.Eliminate the energy consumption of topping-up pump between effect, but because seawater is only through single vaporization, concentration ratio is lower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new type low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator, seawater enrichment factor can be improved, reduce fouling danger, simultaneously without the need to pump between effect, reduce sea water desaltination energy consumption.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of new type low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator, at least comprise two-effect evaporation device, every 1st effective evaporator comprise evaporator room, water-distributing device, heat transfer tube, tube sheet, fresh-water tank, dense water tank, effect between dense water pipe connecting, effect between fresh water pipe connecting and effect between steam connection tube, it is characterized in that, each single-effect evaporator is arranged up and down, the top of evaporator room is provided with water-distributing device, and the feed-water end of the water-distributing device of the superiors' evaporator room can arrange preheater or not arrange preheater; At evaporator room built with heat transfer tube, be provided with tube sheet at the two ends, left and right of heat transfer tube, be provided with fresh-water tank in the outside of tube sheet, below heat transfer tube, be provided with dense water tank; Connected by fresh water pipe connecting between the effect of J-shaped between the fresh-water tank of adjacent upper and lower layer vaporizer, between the effect by J-shaped of the top of the dense water tank on adjacent upper strata and the water-distributing device of lower floor vaporizer, dense water pipe connecting is connected; The secondary steam that upper strata evaporator room produces is entered in the heat transfer tube of the adjacent evaporator room of lower floor as evaporation thermal source by steam connection tube between the effect of both sides after generating tube tank nest.
Each single-effect evaporator multiple row is set up in parallel, and arranges that effect number is 1-4 effect, arranges two-layer or more for every layer; The water-distributing device that the superiors respectively imitate adopts nozzle or shower plate water distribution, and other water-distributing devices of respectively imitating all adopt shower plate water distribution; Between being imitated by bottom between the bottom of the fresh-water tank of the adjacent each single-effect evaporator of orlop, fresh water pipe connecting is interconnected; Between being imitated by bottom between the bottom of the dense water tank of the adjacent each single-effect evaporator of orlop, dense water pipe connecting is interconnected.
The vaporization temperature of each single-effect evaporator of each row reduces from top to bottom gradually.
Between described effect, between dense water pipe connecting and effect, fresh water pipe connecting is arranged in the inside of overall vaporizer.
Concentrated seawater enters in the evaporator room of adjacent lower with superheat state.
Be provided with mist eliminator in the heat-exchanging tube bundle both sides of every 1st effective evaporator or end, mist eliminator can be screen type mist eliminator or baffle plate type mist eliminator.
The specific works flow process of described new type low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator comprises following steps:
(1) seawater is by entering the evaporator room of the superiors of each single-effect evaporator arranged up and down after condenser preheating, and is sprayed by water-distributing device in the evaporator room of upper strata;
(2) the interior overheated concentrated seawater through Evaporation of evaporator room, relies on gravity to enter the cloth hydrospace of the adjacent evaporator room of lower floor by dense water pipe connecting between effect, sprays heat transfer tube surface by shower plate;
(3) overheated concentrated seawater is again after Evaporation, the process of repeating step (2), until concentrated seawater converges to the dense water tank of the evaporator room of last effect of the lowest layer and discharges;
(4) fresh water that each effect produces relies on gravity to enter the fresh-water tank of the adjacent evaporator room of lower floor by fresh water pipe connecting between effect, finally converges to the fresh-water tank of the evaporator room of last effect of the lowest layer and discharges.
Be compared with the prior art, superiority of the present invention is:
1, concentrated seawater enters the adjacent evaporator room of lower floor by gravity, saves topping-up pump between effect, reduces sea water desaltination energy consumption;
2, ensure that a few effect evaporator room water inlets that vaporization temperature is higher are former seawater, reduce fouling risk;
3, other each effect evaporator room water inlets except top are overheated concentrated seawater, save the pre-thermal energy consumption of water inlet, and flash distillation can produce a small amount of secondary steam, raising vaporization efficiency;
4, seawater obtain repeated evaporation concentrate, improve concentration ratio;
5, decoration form is more flexible, arranges that effect number is generally 1-4 effect, can arrange layer 2-4 or more for every layer;
6, each effect evaporator room connecting tube is all arranged as inner tube, and reduce heat dissipation of pipeline, increase heat utilization rate, outward appearance is more clean and tidy simultaneously;
7, between effect, between dense water pipe connecting and effect, fresh water pipe connecting is J-shaped pipe, is ensured the pressure difference of adjacent evaporator room by water seal effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view of a kind of new type low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator that the present invention relates to;
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 1.
Reference numeral is: 1-evaporator room (a, b, c, d, e, f), 2,11-water-distributing device, 3-heat transfer tube, 4-tube sheet, 5-fresh-water tank, the dense water tank of 6-, 7-mist eliminator, dense water pipe connecting between 8-effect, fresh water pipe connecting between 9-effect, steam connection tube between 10-effect.
Embodiment
See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of new type low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator of the present invention, at least comprises two-effect evaporation device, this embodiment be illustrated two row, three layers, sextuple-effect evaporator altogether, i.e. a row triple-effect evaporator a-c from top to bottom on the left side, right side one arranges triple-effect evaporator d-f from top to bottom.Every 1st effective evaporator comprise evaporator room 1, water-distributing device 2 and 11, heat transfer tube 3, tube sheet 4, fresh-water tank 5, dense water tank 6, mist eliminator 7, effect between dense water pipe connecting 8, effect between fresh water pipe connecting 9 and effect between steam connection tube 10.Each single-effect evaporator is arranged up and down, and the top of evaporator room 1 is provided with water-distributing device, and the feed-water end of the water-distributing device of the superiors' evaporator room 1 can arrange preheater or not arrange preheater (not belonging to part of the present invention, not shown).At evaporator room 1 built with heat transfer tube 3, be provided with tube sheet 4 in the rear and front end of heat transfer tube 3, be provided with fresh-water tank 5 in the outside of tube sheet 4, below heat transfer tube 3, be provided with dense water tank 6; Connected by fresh water pipe connecting 9 between the effect of J-shaped between the fresh-water tank 5 of adjacent upper and lower layer, between the effect by J-shaped of the top of the dense water tank 6 on adjacent upper strata and the water-distributing device of lower floor adjacent vaporizers, dense water pipe connecting 8 is communicated with.The secondary steam that second layer evaporator room 1 produces is connected to adjacent lower evaporator room 1 as evaporation thermal source by steam connection tube 10 between the effect that is positioned at both sides after generating tube tank nest.
Each single-effect evaporator multiple row is set up in parallel, and arranges that effect number is 1-4 effect, arranges two-layer or more for every layer; The water-distributing device that the superiors respectively imitate adopts nozzle 2(or shower plate 11) water distribution, other water-distributing devices of respectively imitating all adopt shower plate 11 water distribution.Between being imitated by bottom of the fresh-water tank 5 of the adjacent each single-effect evaporator of orlop, fresh water pipe connecting 12 is interconnected; The dense water tank 6 of the adjacent each single-effect evaporator of orlop imitated by bottom between dense water pipe connecting 13 be interconnected.
The vaporization temperature of the evaporator room 1 of each effect of each row reduces from top to bottom gradually.
Between described effect, between dense water pipe connecting 8 and effect, fresh water pipe connecting 9 is arranged in the enclosure of overall vaporizer.Between bottom effect, between fresh water pipe connecting 12 and bottom effect, dense water pipe connecting 13 is exterior tube, and the dense water of evaporator room 1 generation of the side of bottom different lines and fresh water rely on pressure reduction between effect to enter in adjacent evaporator room 1 (as in Fig. 1, c enters f).
Concentrated seawater enters in the evaporator room 1 of adjacent lower with superheat state.
Be provided with mist eliminator 7 in the heat-exchanging tube bundle both sides of every 1st effective evaporator or end, mist eliminator 7 can be screen type mist eliminator or baffle plate type mist eliminator.The secondary steam that upper strata evaporator room produces is removed through mist eliminator 7 and is carried salt fog secretly.
Each effect evaporator room about 1 is arranged, the temperature in the evaporator room 1 of each effect of arranging up and down reduces from the top down successively, and the evaporator room temperature of the every vaporizer namely shown in schematic diagram from high to low order is a-b-c-d-e-f.Controlled the pressure of each effect evaporator room in system operation by the vacuum pump in MED system, by the difference of pressure, control the vaporization temperature that each effect evaporator room is corresponding.
Above-mentioned concentrated seawater all enters the adjacent evaporator room of lower floor with superheat state, produces steam by flash distillation and heat absorption evaporation.
The specific works mode of new type low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator of the present invention comprises following steps:
(1) seawater is by adopting parallel distributing mode after preheater (Operation system setting has preheater) or condenser (system does not arrange preheater) preheating, enter each effect evaporator room 1(a of the vertically arranged vaporizer the superiors, d), and carry out water distribution by water-distributing device (nozzle 2 or shower plate 11) in the evaporator room of upper strata;
(2) concentrated seawater that produces through Evaporation of the feed liquid of upper strata evaporator room 1, gravity is relied on to be entered cloth hydrospace (a → b, the b → c of the adjacent evaporator room of lower floor with superheat state by dense water pipe connecting 8 between effect, and d → e, e → f), the surface of the heat transfer tube 3 in lower one deck evaporator room is distributed to by shower plate 11; Until evaporate to undermost evaporator room 1, undermost evaporator room 1 evaporates the concentrated seawater of rear generation, dense water pipe connecting 13 between being imitated by the bottom of base of evaporator, rely on pressure reduction between effect to enter the dense water tank (c → f) of adjacent (right side) evaporator room 1 with superheat state, and flash distillation produce a small amount of secondary steam; Final all concentrated seawaters are pooled to the dense water tank 6 of a undermost evaporator room (f) of last row of vaporizer, then discharge vaporizer.
(3) fresh water of upper strata evaporator room 1 generation, rely on gravity to be entered the fresh-water tank 5 interior (a → b, b → c, and d → e, e → f) of adjacent lower evaporator room 1 with superheat state by fresh water pipe connecting 9 between effect, and flash distillation produces a small amount of secondary steam; Until in the fresh-water tank 5 of the orlop evaporator room 1 of each row, then fresh water pipe connecting 12 between being imitated by the bottom of base of evaporator, pressure reduction between effect is relied on to enter the fresh-water tank 5(c → f of adjacent (right side) evaporator room 1 with superheat state), and flash distillation produces a small amount of secondary steam; Final all fresh water is pooled to the fresh-water tank 5 of a undermost evaporator room (f) of last row of vaporizer, then discharges vaporizer.
(4) secondary steam produced in upper strata evaporator room 1 enters in the heat transfer tube 3 of the adjacent evaporator room of lower floor by steam connection tube road 10 between effect, as the thermal source (steam in every 1st effective evaporator heat transfer tube of lower floor's evaporator room, i.e. this effect thermal source, capital is condensed into fresh water and enters fresh-water tank in heat transfer tube, the outside seawater of heat transfer tube is heated to evaporate and produces secondary steam), and be condensed into fresh water at this effect evaporator room 1; Last arranges the orlop evaporator room 1(f of the vaporizer of each effect) secondary steam that produces enters condenser in MED system, and be condensed into fresh water with former seawater to make heat exchange, pre-pyrogen seawater is as the water inlet of each group of vaporizer top layer evaporator room 1 simultaneously.Each effect steam flow illustrates: evaporator room a thermal source is supplied by outside, and in the heat transfer tube of a, is condensed into fresh water enters freshwater room; The heat transfer tube that the secondary steam that a produces enters b by steam connection tube road between effect is inner, and is condensed into fresh water at this; In like manner, the secondary steam that b produces enters c heat transfer tube and condensation, and the secondary steam that c produces enters d heat transfer tube and condensation, and the secondary steam that d produces enters e heat transfer tube and condensation, the secondary steam that e produces enters f heat transfer tube and condensation, and the secondary steam that f produces enters condenser and condensation.
Claims (7)
1. a new type low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator, at least comprise two-effect evaporation device, every 1st effective evaporator comprise evaporator room, water-distributing device, heat transfer tube, tube sheet, fresh-water tank, dense water tank, effect between dense water pipe connecting, effect between fresh water pipe connecting and effect between steam connection tube, it is characterized in that, each single-effect evaporator is arranged up and down, the top of evaporator room is provided with liquid distributor, and the feed-water end of the spray equipment of the superiors' evaporator room can arrange preheater or not arrange preheater; At evaporator room built with heat transfer tube, be provided with tube sheet at the two ends, left and right of heat transfer tube, be provided with fresh-water tank in the outside of tube sheet, below heat transfer tube, be provided with dense water tank; Connected by fresh water pipe connecting between the effect of J-shaped between the fresh-water tank of adjacent upper and lower layer vaporizer, between the effect by J-shaped of the top of the dense water tank of adjacent upper strata vaporizer and the water-distributing device of lower floor adjacent vaporizers, dense water pipe connecting is connected; The secondary steam that upper strata evaporator room produces is entered in the heat transfer tube of the adjacent evaporator room of lower floor as evaporation thermal source by steam connection tube between the effect of both sides after generating tube tank nest.
2. new type low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, each single-effect evaporator multiple row is set up in parallel, and arranges that effect number is 1-4 effect, arranges two-layer or more for every layer; The water-distributing device that the superiors respectively imitate adopts nozzle or shower plate water distribution, and other water-distributing devices of respectively imitating all adopt shower plate water distribution; Between being imitated by bottom between the bottom of the fresh-water tank of the adjacent each single-effect evaporator of orlop, fresh water pipe connecting is interconnected; Between being imitated by bottom between the bottom of the dense water tank of the adjacent each single-effect evaporator of orlop, dense water pipe connecting is interconnected.
3. new type low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the vaporization temperature of each single-effect evaporator of each row reduces from top to bottom gradually.
4. new type low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, between described effect, between dense water pipe connecting and effect, fresh water pipe connecting is arranged in the inside of overall vaporizer.
5. new type low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, concentrated seawater enters in the evaporator room of adjacent lower with superheat state.
6. new type low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is provided with mist eliminator in the heat-exchanging tube bundle both sides of every 1st effective evaporator or end, and mist eliminator can be screen type mist eliminator or baffle plate type mist eliminator.
7. new type low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, specific works flow process comprises following steps:
(1) seawater is by entering the evaporator room of the superiors of each single-effect evaporator arranged up and down after condenser preheating, and is sprayed by water-distributing device in the evaporator room of upper strata;
(2) the interior overheated concentrated seawater through Evaporation of evaporator room, relies on gravity to enter the cloth hydrospace of the adjacent evaporator room of lower floor by dense water pipe connecting between effect, sprays heat transfer tube surface by shower plate;
(3) overheated concentrated seawater is again after Evaporation, the process of repeating step (2), until concentrated seawater converges to the dense water tank of the evaporator room of last effect of the lowest layer and discharges;
(4) fresh water that each effect produces relies on gravity to enter the fresh-water tank of the adjacent evaporator room of lower floor by fresh water pipe connecting between effect, finally converges to the fresh-water tank of the evaporator room of last effect of the lowest layer and discharges.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410644154.4A CN104370315A (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2014-11-14 | Novel low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator |
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| CN201410644154.4A CN104370315A (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2014-11-14 | Novel low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination evaporator |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107986363A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-05-04 | 江苏永昇空调有限公司 | Couple the electronic equipment dissipating heat system and method for sea water desalination |
| CN109354092A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-02-19 | 国家***天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所 | A kind of large-scale low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device tube bank arragement construction |
| CN112960715A (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2021-06-15 | 高峰 | High-temperature sewage self-desalting multi-effect distillation equipment |
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| CN112960715A (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2021-06-15 | 高峰 | High-temperature sewage self-desalting multi-effect distillation equipment |
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