CN1043659A - 检测焊接中塑料管连接件材料物态变化的装置 - Google Patents

检测焊接中塑料管连接件材料物态变化的装置 Download PDF

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CN1043659A
CN1043659A CN89109752A CN89109752A CN1043659A CN 1043659 A CN1043659 A CN 1043659A CN 89109752 A CN89109752 A CN 89109752A CN 89109752 A CN89109752 A CN 89109752A CN 1043659 A CN1043659 A CN 1043659A
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cavity
resistor
connector
pipe fitting
millimeter
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CN1027357C (zh
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马克斯·努斯包姆
艾力克·费德斯皮尔
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French Gas Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3468—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/944—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time by controlling or regulating the time

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用以检测焊接管件的连接件中塑料材料物态变化的装置，包括加热电阻器，可被软化材料进入的空腔和检测空腔内材料状态的传感器。根据木发明，为了获得高的焊接品质，有必要使空腔底部与电阻器离该底部最近部分之间的距离作为一方面，以及这些相同的空腔靠近它们底部的横截面内线性直径d作为另一方面，两者都要小于或等于加热这些管件时软化材料的厚度e。本发明应用于管路各部分焊接的控制，尤其适用于煤气工业。

Description

本发明涉及一种装置，该装置的目的在于检测被加热的一连接件中可熔焊塑料材料的物态变化，该连接件打算焊接在另一具有圆形或大致圆形横截面的由相同材料制成的管件上。
目前由塑料，尤其是聚乙烯制成的管件越来越经常地应用于许多用途中，特别是在铺设煤气分配***中应用更广。
实际上，用粘合剂将这些管件相互连接在一起是不可能取得令人满意的效果的，从而导致我们使用焊接，或更确切地说是熔焊去实现该目的。
为了实现这个目的，我们一般采用一个主要由一套管组成的连接件将两个管件的端部连接成一体，或者例如采用能横向联接该管件的局部鞍形分支接头将管件连接成一体。无论选择哪一种连接件通常都要配置埋没在制造该管件的材料中并位于要与管件表面相接触的表面附近的电加热电阻器。焊接操作是这样进行的，将电阻器连接到电源上（例如，经整流的交流电），该电源使电阻器发热，并随着塑料材料周围的熔融而软化，由此完成焊接。
虽然这种连接方法是令人感兴趣的，但存在一个困难，为了获得高品质的焊接，而使该管件或一些管件与连接件形成一牢固的整体，存在用以控制该电阻器所需时间方面的困难。
目前，已知基本上可以通过监控两个物理参数较满意地获得这种控制，该物理参数为制成被焊接的连接件的材料的温度和体积。
为了对这些参数进行有效的监控，已提出在被组装的管件之一中，至少加工出一个空腔，以便被软化的材料可以贯穿到该空腔内。这种空腔沿着相对于一管件或多个管件大致径向的轴线延伸，直到它靠近电阻器部分，并终止于其底部壁上。该空腔联结一个能监控空腔内材料的物态变化的传感器，该传感器本身通常连接在一个能指令切断给加热电阻器供电的电源的装置上。
在其它地方用的各种类型的传感器早已被考虑，例如，热探头，对空腔内软化材料的压力敏感的微型开关或者对这种相同材料的硬度或稠度敏感的传感器。
这样一些传感器以及其它一些传感器主要记载在法国专利申请FR-A-2，555，936和它的附加证明书FR-A-2，572，327和FR-A-2，600，008中。
然而，尽管有所有这些改进，仍然存在一些问题，并且这些管件的焊接品质不总是令人满意的。
尤其是，各种试验表明，对于减少管件之间的连接间隙，焊接时间有减少的趋势，而当该间隙增加时，如可理解的那样，则会严重地降低焊接品质。
实事上，实践上根据所采用的管件不同其连接间隙的变化相当大。
此外，要在良好的条件下，达到在加热过程中使被熔融的材料厚度随着待组装管件的尺寸的增加而增加，这样一个在实际操作上是必需的情况，就目前焊接技术而论是不可能的。
本发明的目的是通过限定在加热过程中被软化材料所贯穿入的空腔的形状、尺寸和位置等的条件，以及在空腔内设置传感器来记录它的物态变化，以便解决上述各种问题。
根据本发明的第一个特征，空腔底部壁与离底部壁最近的电阻器部分之间的距离作为一个方面，以及在基本垂直于靠近它的底部壁的同一空腔轴线的平面内的横截面的线性尺寸作为另一方面，两者都必须小于或等于在加热这些管件***的材料的厚度。
以这样的方式，就能够保证在被电阻器所产生的熔融材料的压力足以“突破该空腔底部壁”之前，使该空腔底部壁因熔融而发生软化;同时防止了熔融的材料过早地进入空腔，而导致传感器在管件焊接界面充分粘合以保证冷却后具有高的焊接品质之前就指令切断给电阻器供电的电源。
应该指出，这里所指的“离空腔底部壁最近的电阻器部分”应该理解为：位于距该空腔的底部壁最近并大致与它相对着的电阻器部分。
根据本发明的另一特征，上述空腔由于局部地形成一台肩而在其底部壁的上方变得更宽些，使得该台肩与距该底部壁最近的电阻器部分之间的距离小于或等于当加热该管件时在形成空腔的管件的材料内被软化的材料厚度的两倍。
以这样的方式，就能够将目前现有的大部分传感器以它们的最佳位置安装在空腔内，由此，使加热时间受到绝对严格的控制。
虽然本发明可以这种方式被应用以保证不同类型的管接头与不同类型的管件能进行组装，但实际上到目前为止，仍保留着在将两个管件的每个管端部推入带有用以容纳管件的圆形截面孔的联接套管中进行端部对端部焊接时包含的许多工序的情况。
本发明建立的实施条件如下：
0≤d≤（0.03Φ）+8和
0≤h1≤（0.03Φ）+8
其中d是用毫米表示的所述空腔靠近它的底部壁处的直径，h1是用毫米表示的这个同一空腔底部壁和加热电阻器的最近部分之间的距离，Φ是用毫米表示的套管孔的直径。
本发明的特点和优点将从下面结合附图的说明中显示得更加清楚，其中：
图1是准备利用一个可电焊的连接套管连接在一起的两个同心管件的纵向截面图;
图2是图1中以Ⅱ标记部分的放大详图;
图3和图4是实现图2中例举的空腔的两个可行的改型。
首先参看图1，该实例是一个由可热熔融的塑料材料如聚乙烯制成的连接件，该连接件形成一个套管，在该套管的孔2内分别***两个也是可热熔融的塑料材料制成的相同的圆筒形管件3、4的端部3a、4a。管3和管4同轴安置，基本上具有与套管孔轴线一致的轴线2a，并且，它们的外径稍小于孔2的直径Φ，从而使该套管与两管件具有相互对着的对应的表面，当焊接时这些表面可以互相连接在一起。
为了将这些管件连接在一起，套管1内结合一个在埋设在材料体内并紧靠在较低的表面1a处的电加热电阻器5。
电阻器5通过它的接线端6a、6b与能使电阻器产生足以使这些管件焊接在一起的上升温度的电源（未示出）连接。
在所讨论的案例中，电阻器5是由圆形横截面的圆筒形电绕组组成，该圆筒形电绕组之轴线与套管的轴线平行，并且该绕组与上述电源连接。
但是，也可以设想在套管体内埋设一层其导电性和加热性能可与该绕组相比拟的材料。
为了控制焊接过程，连接件1还在空腔9、10内设置两个传感器7、8，每个空腔是沿着一个基本上处于相对于管件轴线2a的径向定向的轴线9a、10a延伸的，这些空腔延伸至相对着的绕组的最近部分的附近部分，并终止在底部壁11内的同一水平高度上，在图2至图4中可看得更清楚（为请楚起见，空腔内未示出传感器）。
传感器7、8本身是已知的，例如，可以由微型开关组成。
在已知的这类装置中，将这些管件焊接在一起的工序一般是这样的：当电阻器已被充分加热时，其周围的塑料开始熔融和膨胀。膨胀压力使已软化的材料进入空腔9和10的底部，然后，随着膨胀的继续进行，使材料在空腔中上升，直到它触发传感器7和8，这样就切断给加热电阻器供电的电源，从而中止对管件的加热，然后使这些管件冷却。
以这样的方式，一种工序的缺点是软化或熔融材料进入空腔底部是由于材料膨胀压力的作用引起的，这样就冒着太快触发传感器的危险，从而使管件的加热时间期间太短。实事上，各种实验测量已表明，当套管的内径（孔2）和管件3、4的外径之间的间隙较小时，由于材料膨胀的压力导致材料朝着传感器的上升太快，而使管件的加热时间不足。
为了克服这个缺点，本发明打算首先将空腔底部11设置在距加热电阻器的最近部分这样一段距离处，即在膨胀压力足以将熔融的材料推进空腔内之前，所讨论的底部11已通过热效应而先熔融。
为了达到此目的，需要使h1小于或等于e，此外：
h1是每个空腔的底部11和与绕组相切并包括最靠近上述底部的电阻器部分的公共平面15之间的平均距离，e是形成套管1的塑料中当这些管件被加热时被熔融的材料厚度。
在所讨论的案例中，如图2至图4所示，这个厚度e是处于相对于套管轴线比平面15更远或在平面15外侧的材料厚度。
另外，不管在任何情况下，为了防止软化材料流太快地进入空腔内而促使过早地中止加热，本发明还通过严格的选择空腔的形状提供对材料流动速度的控制，在这种方法中，它们的横截面，至少在靠近它们的底部表面和在大致垂直于它们的轴线（如图2中的9a）的平面上的线性尺寸要小于或等于上述软化材料的厚度。
以这样的方式，不管组装的管件之间的连接间隙如何，不仅能保证在软化材料的压力足以能完全突破空腔的底部11之前，空腔底部11已先熔融，而且能保证对这种相同材料的流动速度进行控制，使之只有在电阻器5的加热时间间期足以保证管件冷却后有高的焊接品质之后，才允许触发传感器7和8。
目前，大多数现有的传感器7、8，虽然不是所有的，均安装在空腔里面。
所以，在某些案例下，根据所用传感器的尺寸，提供能够容纳它们的具有较大内部体积的可利用的空腔是有用的。
其结果，已提供以这样方式形成空腔形状的可能性，如图3和图4所示，即通过局部引入一个圆周形台肩12的方法，使该空腔由其底部壁11起随其离开该底部壁的距离的增加而变得更宽。
实际上，这种突然加宽的横截面积是设置在离上述公开平面15距离为h2的位置处，该距离是这样限定的，h2≤2e（e仍然是上述的熔融材料的厚度）。
以这样的方式，可获得高度为△h＝h2-h1的颈部，它足以提供对每个空腔中材料的上升提供有效的控制，当然上述颈部应满足上面所提到的关于它们的横截面的线性尺寸条件。另一方面，它们的横截面的形状可以变化。
例如，图3例举了一个空腔，它由两个端部对端部放置的圆筒体形成，并有由底部壁11起，在离开该底部一段距离处，其直径依次为d和D的圆形横截面，其中D＞d。
在这种案例下，还假定所使用的套管具有直径为Φ的圆形横截面孔2，要获得使管件保持高品质焊接的加热时间，其尺寸条件应满足：
0≤d≤（0.03Φ）+8
0≤h1≤（0.03Φ）+8以及
（0.01Φ）+0.7≤h2≤（0.06Φ）+2.8
式中d、h1和Φ均用毫米表示。
此外，如果我们在考虑由已进行的实验所取得的结果而希望引入前述定义的厚度e作为一个参数时，则关于连接件所采用的尺寸应同时满足的条件为：
0＜d
0.83e-2≤d≤0.83e
1.14e-1≤h2≤1.14e+1.5
0≤h2
0.7e-1≤h1≤0.7e+0.5
0≤h1
（式中d、h2、h1和e仍采用毫米表示）。
当然，如果该空腔没有台肩，涉及到h的条件就不存在了（参看图2，图中显示出一个具有恒定的圆形横截面的圆筒形空腔9）。
图4表示实施例的另一改型，其中空腔是由两个圆形横截面，直径分别为d和D的圆筒体形成，这两个圆筒体由一截锥体连接起来，其较小的底面位于离电阻器5的平面15的距离为h2处。
很明显，在满足上述尺寸条件的情况下，可以设想许多其它形状的空腔，空腔和传感器的数量取决于所选择的用途。
以同样的方式，本发明能应用于非套管的连接件，如搭接一管件的外表面的局部鞍形分支接头，用以将该管件连接到另一横向安置的管件上。
为更清楚地描述起见，下面将提供两个实验举例，该实验用以说明一个管件与一个设有如图3所示型式的空腔并配置有加热各管件的电绕组的套管的焊接。
单位    实例1    实例2
套管孔的平均直径（Φ）    毫米    111.0    169.7
形成绕组的导线直径    毫米    1.20    1.30
绕组材料    Cu    Ni    6    Cu    Ni    6
绕组的电阻率（23℃） 欧姆-米 9.9×10-89.9×10-8
绕组的温度系数（α）注（1） 1/（°K） 700×10-670×10-6
匝数    14.75    11.75
绕组节距    毫米    3.8    5.25
绕组和焊接界面（1a）    毫米    0.55    0.75
之间塑料的厚度
绕组的电阻值（23℃）    欧姆    1.0    1.02
加热电压    伏特    39    39
测量的加热时间    秒    200    350
d    毫米    2.0    3.0
h1毫米 2.25 3.0
h2毫米 4.75 6.0
空腔底部和传感器之间    毫米    9.70    9.45
的距离
e    毫米    3.9    4.975
表中注（1）：该***反映绕组的电阻率的变化是温度的一个函数，关系式如下：
ρ＝ρ0〔1+α（T-T0）〕
式中，ρ是在温度T时的电阻率，
ρ0是在参考温度T0（T0＝23℃）时的电阻率。
该系数直接取决于电阻器的类型。

Claims (7)

1、一种用以检测被加热的连接件(1)中的可热熔融塑料材料物态变化的装置，该连接件准备焊接到至少两个也是由可热熔融材料制成的管件(3、4)中之一，所述的这些管件具有相互面对的相对应的表面，当焊接时，通过这些表面将它们相互连接在一起，在制成连接件(1)的材料中安置有：
在靠近它的上述表面处设有一加热电阻器(5)、以便使围绕着它周围的材料软化，其目的在于将这些管件焊接在一起，
至少设有一个能够被软化的材料所贯穿的空腔(9、10)、这个空腔沿相对于管件(3、4)大致径向的轴线以管状形式延伸，直到它靠近所述的电阻器(5)的部分，并终止在底部壁(11)上，
并在上述空腔(7、8)内至少设置一个传感器，以便检测该空腔内材料的物态变化，
其特征在于：在连接件中，空腔底部壁(11)和电阻器(5)离该底部壁(11)最近的部分之间的距离(h1)作为一方面，以及靠近它的底部壁(11)并大致垂直于这个相同空腔(9、10)的轴线(9a、10a)的平面内的横截面线性尺寸(d)作为另一方面，两者都要小于或等于当加热管件(1、3、4)过程中所述连接件(1)内被熔融的材料厚度。
2、根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：由空腔（9、10）的底部与同它最靠近的电阻器（5）部分之间的距离（h1）其数值大致等于连接件（1）的材料的厚度值，该厚度相对于该连接件的轴线，位于电阻器（5）的外面，并当加热这些管件（1、3、4）时，在由于加热产生的膨胀压力使所述熔融材料进入该空腔内之前，该厚度的材料已先被熔融。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于：由于局部采用一台肩（12）随着由该空腔底部壁（11）的距离的增加使空腔（9）变得更宽，使得距上述底部壁最近的电阻器（5）部分至该台肩之间的距离（h2）小于或等于在加热上述管件过程中该管件内被熔融材料厚度（e）的两倍。
4、根据权利要求1至3的任何一项所述的装置，其特征在于：在连接件（1）为套管形式并带有一圆形横截面的孔（2）、其内适合于容纳其它管件（3、4）、而且套管上的所述空腔（9、10）具有圆形或大致圆形的横截面时，要满足以下关系：
0≤d≤（0.03Φ）+8
0≤h1≤（0.03Φ）+8
式中，d是用毫米表示的靠近它的底部壁（11）的空腔（9、10）的直径、h1是用毫米表示的这个空腔底部（11）至与底部壁最靠近的电阻器（5）部分的距离，而Φ是用毫米表示的套管孔（2）的直径。
5、根据权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于：在连接件（1）为套管的形式，它带有圆形横截面的孔（2），其内适合于容纳其它管件（3，4）时，要满足以下关系：
（0.01Φ）+0.7≤h2≤（0.06Φ）+2.8
式中Φ是用毫米表示的套管孔（2）的直径，h2是用毫米表示的空腔的台肩（12）和电阻器（5）离空腔底部壁（11）最近部分之间的距离。
6、根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：它要满足以下关系：
0≤d
0.83e-2≤d＜0.83e
1.14e-1≤h2≤1.14e+1.5
0≤h2
0.7e-1≤h1≤0.7e+0.5
0≤h1
式中d是用毫米表示的空腔（9、10）在靠近它的底部壁（11）处的直径，h1是用毫米表示的空腔底部壁（11）和电阻器（5）离该底部壁最近部分之间的距离，h2是用毫米表示的空腔台肩（12）和电阻器（5）离底部壁（11）最近部分之间的距离，e是在连接件（1）内相对于该连接件的轴线位于比加热电阻器（5）更远或在其外侧的厚度值。
7、根据上述任一项权利要求所述的装置，其特征在于：加热电阻器（5）由与电源相连接的电绕组组成。
CN89109752A 1988-12-29 1989-12-28 检测焊接中塑料管连接件材料物态变化的装置 Expired - Lifetime CN1027357C (zh)

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FR8817420 1988-12-29

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ATE105769T1 (de) 1994-06-15
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