CN1043651A - Adopt wrong wall geometry to improve inertia production weld - Google Patents
Adopt wrong wall geometry to improve inertia production weld Download PDFInfo
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- CN1043651A CN1043651A CN89109373A CN89109373A CN1043651A CN 1043651 A CN1043651 A CN 1043651A CN 89109373 A CN89109373 A CN 89109373A CN 89109373 A CN89109373 A CN 89109373A CN 1043651 A CN1043651 A CN 1043651A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
- B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
- B23K33/006—Filling of continuous seams for cylindrical workpieces
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
This paper has introduced a kind of geometry of utilizing inertia production weld to connect the superalloy workpiece.When the first and second two hollow superalloy workpiece were connected, wherein first inner diameter of workpiece and external diameter were little than second inner diameter of workpiece and external diameter.Form a kind of joint geometry that staggers, its result forms crooked S shape weld zone and has controlled residual welding notch effectively.
Description
The present invention relates to inertia production weld to hollow workpiece.The inertia production weld of the high strength superalloy object that the invention still further relates to the inertia production weld of high strength superalloy workpiece and produce with powder metallurgy.
Inertia production weld is a kind ofly to be used for connecting two normally round the method for the symmetrical metal works of an axes of rotation.This workpiece can be solid also can be hollow.For example, inertia production weld can be used for two members are joined together to form the goods as hollow pipe assembly of bent axle or welding and so on.Inertia welding process is at for example United States Patent (USP) 3,234,644; 3,235,162; 3,462,826; In 3,591,068 and 4,365,136 description is arranged all, their references are combined in herein.
Speak briefly, in inertia production weld, two workpiece to be welded are placed and are fixed on such position, and their axis of symmetry is overlapped, and two faces to be welded are in parallel relation.It is static that one of them workpiece keeps, and another then is fixed on the flywheel of a rotation.The workpiece of this rotation and the assembly of flywheel are accelerated to a predetermined rotating speed, then the workpiece of rotation are forced to be pressed on the static workpiece.The geometry of flywheel, quality and rotating speed determine accessible kinetic energy, and these kinetic energy consume (converting heat energy to) by the friction between the two soldered workpiece.Two workpiece are pressed together, and the kinetic energy that is consumed is enough to cause the local softening of workpiece.When flywheel stopped operating, the power between two workpiece of acting on was still keeping or is increasing, and makes the softening part of two workpiece link together.Power between two workpiece makes and causes plasticity or superplastic deformation in the weld zone.So go into the cooling of weld zone, workpiece inside owing to thermal conductance quite fast.
The inertia production weld process is to carry out under the condition of welding region discharge wide variety of materials, therefore, has removed harmful surface contaminant naturally.The weld zone demonstrates more forging characteristic, rather than the characteristic of casting.The welding of other form, for example Laser Welding, weld zone that electron beam welding and electro-fusion welding produced all are to have melted earlier to solidify again, therefore, have the characteristic of casting, this specific character is the forging characteristic ideal not as being presented by the inertia production weld district generally.
Inertia production weld is a kind of form of friction welding.The form of another friction welding is constantly to be driven to produce frictional heat rather than utilization by motor and is stored in energy in the flywheel.In this article, inertia production weld one speech comprises the spin friction welding of other form.
The inertia production weld development is very fast, is widely used in the ferrous material that connects iron and steel and so in the jumbo process industry.Be used for recently also obtaining quite successful to the connection of superalloy.The connection of superalloy material is more much higher than the connection request of ferrous material, because the softening temperature of superalloy is higher and more anti-in high temperature deformation.Inertia production weld to the superalloy of " powder processing " is the most difficult during all inertia production weld are used.It is very limited being connected the zone that workpiece softened by welding process, and the amount of upset or distortion is limited too in the weld zone.Therefore, in the inertia production weld of superalloy (the particularly superalloy of making by powder processing), in the weld zone, can observe a remaining notch usually.This notch is seldom found when the inertia production weld ferrous material.
Unfortunately, in the situation of the nickel superalloy that powder is processed, the weld zone notch always inwardly stretches, within original diameter of soldered parts.Therefore, even after welding upset part is removed by machining, still leave over next notch usually, remove this notch need be through machine cut extremely less than the original diameter of welding work pieces.If this notch is not removed fully, it will become a stress raiser, and during the later application of welding work pieces, even in heat treatment subsequently, all will become fracture initiation position.This notch problem is at high-intensity superalloy, and promptly yield strength surpasses 100Ksi(kip/square inch in the time of 1000 °F) superalloy and the superalloy material produced with the powder metallurgy technology in harmfulness especially big.
The notch problem can be solved with increasing some financial cost when going out the superalloy workpiece with the inertia welding processing in the early stage, bigger as the primitive part size is made, so that the welding sub-assembly is carried out the size that this notch is enough removed in machine cut to one.Unfortunately, with the impaired workpiece of one of inertia repair by welding the time, this method is generally just impracticable.This be because the part that is not damaged of workpiece by machine cut to one a specific diameter, minimum intended diameter normally is if reduce it just can weaken unavoidably the intensity at this position again.Therefore, on the superalloy workpiece, manage to remove impaired part when changing with a new part, the inertia production weld joint often becomes the weakness of the workpiece of making, because this weld zone notch is not itself to weaken this workpiece, workpiece must be cut to it below size exactly.
Even if under original processing situation, use the workpiece of amplifying also may exceed the ability to work of existing inertia welder.
In addition, also having some welding point geometries still is difficult to inertia production weld so far.One of these debatable geometries are making taper work, as running in the hollow cone body workpiece.This problem also can run into when being connected to an axle on the wheel disc in gas-turbine unit.
Therefore, one object of the present invention just provides a kind of inertia production weld workpiece and the degree of depth of control weld zone notch and the method for position.
Another object of the present invention is the method that proposes a kind of inertia production weld high strength (and/or powder metallurgy is processed) superalloy and reduce the adverse effect of weld zone notch as far as possible.
At last, an object of the present invention is to propose a kind of being used for together, to form the geometry of a taper hub with two workpiece inertia production weld.
Superalloy is mainly by Ni
3The nickel-base alloy of Al precipitation strength.High-intensity superalloy, promptly its yield strength surpasses the thermalloy of 100ksi in the time of 1000 °F.
According to the present invention, the size of inertia production weld district notch and position are controlled by making connected two workpiece have diverse wall diameter.Be connected the wall diameter of hollow workpiece by change, in the weld zone, can be made into step, these step influences are by the hot-fluid of welding process generation, thereby the material that influences the weld zone geometry and discharge from the weld zone, thereby influence the position and the size of weld zone notch again.Specifically, welding point geometry of the present invention can be dwindled the scope of notch and be moved its position, thereby the more common inertia production weld of its harmfulness is reduced widely.
The present invention above-mentioned and its its feature and advantage will be by following description and accompanying drawing and more obvious.
Fig. 1 has schematically shown the welding point geometry of common hollow workpiece.
Fig. 2 is the microphoto with welding material of geometry shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is the geometry according to welding point of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the microphoto that utilizes the welding point that the geometry among Fig. 3 makes.
Fig. 5 is the another kind of geometry of weld zone of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the microphoto with weld zone that the workpiece of geometry shown in Figure 5 is welded into.
To be the geometry that changes welding point squeeze the material that with the control hot-fluid with by the joint in main aspect of the present invention, forms a groove thereby make in the outer scope of the unlikely final size at the welding processing parts of material of discharge.Method of the present invention also is applicable to the hollow workpiece of processing and manufacturing cone or other tapers.
The present invention can wherein demonstrate two diameters of work and how to be staggered mutually by understanding referring to Fig. 3, thereby forms biasing between two connected workpiece, and forms two steps in internal diameter and the outer radius near the weld zone joint.Also will speak of as following, this discharge mobile and softening material for heat all contains significant.
Fig. 1 has shown the joint geometry of hollow workpiece routine.Connected two workpiece round shown in center line be symmetrical, its thickness also is identical, the mutual centering of connected two parts.Therefore, be symmetrical across the weld zone on plane, weld zone, suppose that two workpiece material are identical, the material of discharging from the weld zone also is symmetrical so.Symmetric case among Fig. 1 causes one to be flat weld zone basically.
Fig. 2 is the enlarged photograph figure of the tentative joint made by the geometry shown in Fig. 1, demonstrates the welding notch and squeezes the material that.Should be especially recognized that (internal diameter and external diameter all are) of welding within the size range that notch is recessed original workpiece inwards.This just means that the design area that the area of weld zone will more original workpiece is little.The intensity of this joint or notch butt joint and durability are very harmful.Weld zone among Fig. 2 is flat basically as can be seen, and is corresponding with the interface between original two workpiece.
Fig. 3 has shown joint geometry of the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, the radius of hollow workpiece A is less than the radius of hollow workpiece B.More particularly, outer radius ORa is little than outer radius ORb, and inside radius IRa is little than inside radius IRb.The mean radius value of A is little than the mean radius value of B, and wherein so-called mean radius promptly is (OR+IR)/2.The interface place of the difference of these physical dimensions between two workpiece caused two steps, at the interior diameter place that engages workpiece a step S arranged
IWith overall diameter place a step S is arranged at the joint workpiece
OInterior step S
IStep S outside on composition plane, being positioned at
OOpposite side.This step geometry changes the hot-fluid in the welding process, and the stress during the weld zone heating and cooling changes.
Fig. 4 represents the enlarged photograph of the weld zone that forms.Can see that therefrom this joint geometry that staggers has produced the weld zone of the obvious curvature of a kind of S of having shape.The result of the weld zone geometry of this bending is that the material that squeezes out from weld zone interior diameter and overall diameter and the axis shape of workpiece are discharged at an angle, rather than vertical discharge as the inertia production weld of common geometry is operated.The variation that this material is discharged influence the size and the position of weld zone remnants notch.This means that the inside and outside step in weld zone removes with machining process, can minimum material removal amount and remove the welding notch fully, for super heat-resisting welding material, the size S that platform removes
IAnd S
OAs if should be about A thickness 10 to 50%, be preferably 15 to 40% of A thickness.The thickness of A is (ORa-IRa).
The wall thickness of A and B might not be identical, as long as inside and outside step is in the above in the restricted portion.For example, if the wall thickness of part A is 0.200 inch, then step may be between 0.020 to 0.100 inch the scope.0.200 inch wall thickness has 10 inches inner diameter, ID
A, 10.4 inches external diameter OD
ACan be connected to the wall thickness that another has 0.32 inch, 9.96 inches internal diameter, 10.6 inches external diameter OD with the workpiece of one 10.2 inches average diameter
BOn the hollow component of 10.28 inches average diameter,, accord with requirement of the present invention to produce one 0.1 inch outer step and 0.02 inch interior step.
Fig. 5 has shown a slightly different joint geometry, and this geometry is particularly suitable for the present invention, can be used for producing the parts of some gas-turbine unit.In Fig. 5, workpiece is staggered mutually, and each workpiece all has a skew wall, is skew wall as the inwall of workpiece A and the outer wall of workpiece B, rather than parallel wall.This geometry can be used for forming the workpiece of taper.This taper configuration is a kind of common design shape in some combustion gas worm gear engine, and in this engine, axle must adorn that to invest a quality minimum, but on the very high wheel disc of torque transfer capability.Dotted line is represented how to remove the minimum material workpiece that inertia production weld is good and is made a hollow taper work with machining process among the figure.
Fig. 6 is the microphoto of the tentative sample of an inertia production weld, and its original geometry is presented among Fig. 5.As can be seen from the figure, because the welding notch is moved, therefore, require the amount of metal removed minimum when making conical in shape.
Though the present invention is shown according to detailed embodiment and is described, and should be appreciated that the technical staff in the industry can both make various variation in form and details.Claimed the present invention is not left in these variations.
Claims (2)
1, the inertia production weld method of hollow high strength superalloy workpiece, it comprises:
Connected first workpiece is provided, and this first workpiece has an internal diameter, an external diameter and a center line,
Connected second workpiece is provided, and this second workpiece has an internal diameter, an external diameter and a center line,
It is characterized in that first inner diameter of workpiece is less than second inner diameter of workpiece, the external diameter of first workpiece is less than the external diameter of second workpiece, thereby put together when first workpiece and second workpiece, when its center line is separately overlapped just, interface place between two workpiece forms step radially, like this, when welding, make it to form the weld zone of S shape bending.
2, with inertia production weld superalloy workpiece to make the method for taper work, it comprises the steps:
Connected first workpiece is provided, and this first workpiece has an internal diameter, an external diameter and a center line,
Connected second workpiece is provided, and this second workpiece has an internal diameter, an external diameter and a center line,
It is characterized in that first inner diameter of workpiece is less than second inner diameter of workpiece, the external diameter of first workpiece is less than the external diameter of second workpiece, thereby put together when first workpiece and second workpiece, when its center line is separately overlapped just, interface place between workpiece forms step radially, like this, when welding, just form the weld zone of S shape bending, then this welding work pieces is carried out machining and make it become a hollow taper configuration.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US287,219 | 1988-12-21 | ||
| US07/287,219 US4903887A (en) | 1988-12-21 | 1988-12-21 | Inertia weld improvements through the use of staggered wall geometry |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1043651A true CN1043651A (en) | 1990-07-11 |
| CN1019363B CN1019363B (en) | 1992-12-09 |
Family
ID=23101951
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89109373A Expired CN1019363B (en) | 1988-12-21 | 1989-12-13 | Inertia weld for hollow parts |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR930007208B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1019363B (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8906605A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE375591T1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL92721A (en) |
| MX (1) | MX172358B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1322242C (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 2007-06-20 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Friction welding method and structure body formed by friction welding method |
| CN101293306B (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2011-05-04 | 大韩烧结金属株式会社 | Friction welding method of dissimilar materials |
-
1989
- 1989-12-04 DE DE198989630222T patent/DE375591T1/en active Pending
- 1989-12-09 KR KR1019890018213A patent/KR930007208B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-13 CN CN89109373A patent/CN1019363B/en not_active Expired
- 1989-12-15 IL IL92721A patent/IL92721A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-20 BR BR898906605A patent/BR8906605A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-21 MX MX018856A patent/MX172358B/en unknown
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1322242C (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 2007-06-20 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Friction welding method and structure body formed by friction welding method |
| CN1322241C (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 2007-06-20 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Friction welding method and structure body formed by friction welding |
| CN100441935C (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 2008-12-10 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Friction stir welding method and structure body formed |
| CN1880002B (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 2010-11-03 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Friction stir welding method |
| CN101293306B (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2011-05-04 | 大韩烧结金属株式会社 | Friction welding method of dissimilar materials |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR8906605A (en) | 1990-09-04 |
| IL92721A0 (en) | 1990-09-17 |
| KR900009203A (en) | 1990-07-02 |
| IL92721A (en) | 1993-05-13 |
| DE375591T1 (en) | 1990-10-18 |
| KR930007208B1 (en) | 1993-08-04 |
| MX172358B (en) | 1993-12-14 |
| CN1019363B (en) | 1992-12-09 |
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