CN104360388A - Method for evaluating three-dimensional seismic observation systems - Google Patents
Method for evaluating three-dimensional seismic observation systems Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for evaluating three-dimensional seismic observation systems. The method includes carrying out forward and pre-stack time migration imaging on the three-dimensional seismic observation systems according to geological models of target areas and acquiring pre-stack time migration results of various offset sections in separate offset section stacking recording modes; sorting offset from small to large to obtain pre-stack time migration gathers, and acquiring amplitudes corresponding to the various offset sections along seismic events in the gathers to obtain AVO [amplitude VS (versus) offset] response of the three-dimensional seismic observation systems in the target areas; evaluating and optimizing the three-dimensional seismic observation systems in the target areas according to amplitude change scopes and the stability of the obtained AVO of the three-dimensional seismic observation systems. The method has the advantages that the shortcoming of possibly excessive AVO response of three-dimensional seismic observation systems designed by the aid of conventional methods can be effectively overcome, the method is favorable for optimizing the three-dimensional seismic observation systems which are suitable for the target areas and are high in amplitude fidelity, and excellent foundations can be laid for AVO analysis and pre-stack inversion at interpretation stages.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of 3 D seismic observation system evaluation method, belong to seismic acquisition design field.
Background technology
Along with deepening continuously of oil-gas exploration, seismic prospecting is from being main be progressively deep into Lithology Discrimination and hydrocarbon indication with tectonic cycle period.Some Comments On Geophysical Work person wishes from seismic data, obtain the information more about subterranean strata physical property and property of pore fluid.Utilize seismic amplitude to ask for subterranean strata elastic parameter with geophone offset change (Amplitude vs offset, AVO) information, usually need the method by means of AVO analysis and prestack inversion.AVO analysis and prestack inversion, based on left Puli hereby (Zoeppritz) equation, utilize AVO information acquisition stratum elastic parameter, thus have the ability of direct estimation lithologic parameter and predicting oil/gas.AVO analyzes or prestack inversion is based upon on collection data basis, pre-stack seismic road, the whether reliable quality depending on pre-stack seismic road collection data of its result.At present, pre-stack time migration road collection with its through playback, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) high and AVO analyze or prestack inversion in mainly selected.In fact, by land in 3-d seismic exploration, the unevenness distributed due to each geophone offset can cause the phenomenon that there is intrinsic amplitude geophone offset change in pre-stack time migration road collection data, and this is called that 3 D seismic observation system AVO responds.This 3 D seismic observation system AVO response is the amplitude geophone offset change that the pre-stack time migration road owing to causing because each geophone offset degree of covering is uneven in 3 D seismic observation system is concentrated, instead of cause due to the geologic agent such as subsurface formations and property of pore fluid, thus the error of seismic data interpretation stage AVO analysis and prestack inversion may be caused, cause the failure of lithology or fluid prediction.
According to the stereo observing system of existing collection designing technique standard design, owing to affecting by its factor such as arrangement width, spatial sampling homogeneity etc., directly can cause AVO phenomenon false in pre-stack time migration road collection data, have a strong impact on formation lithology identification and the fluid prediction of interpretation phase.
Along with seismic prospecting is used to the Requirement Increases of direct oil prospecting gas finding, be necessary to consider that earthquake-capturing factor concentrates the impact of AVO information on pre-stack time migration road, guarantee authenticity and the reliability of AVO information, it is necessary to the AVO response analyzed existing for seismic observation system self.In the document about AVO response analysis published, mainly from the AVO response characteristic the earthquake data before superposition that geology angle analysis causes due to the difference of stratum elastic parameter, and about the AVO response analysis of 3 D seismic observation system being had no to report, also the AVO of 3 D seismic observation system is not responded as a kind of recording geometry evaluation method.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to overcome the stereo observing system of above-mentioned prior art according to seismic acquisition technology Specification Design, be subject to its impact such as factor such as arrangement width, spatial sampling homogeneity etc., cause the defect that there is false AVO phenomenon in pre-stack time migration road collection data, provide a kind of 3 D seismic observation system evaluation method.
For achieving the above object, the present invention includes following steps:
1, data encasement and setting parameter:
1.1 obtain target area 3 D seismic observation system, geologic model and boundary coordinate, and wherein, 3 D seismic observation system comprises reception line number, every drawing lines number, track pitch, reception line-spacing, shotpoint spacing, perpendicular offset, wire harness rolling distance; Each shot point coordinate, each geophone station coordinate can be obtained by the parameter of 3 D seismic observation system and boundary coordinate, excite reception relation and the right geophone offset of each shot point-geophone station; The geologic model scattering point that buried depth is different by several planimetric positions are identical and seismic wave propagation speed are determined;
1.2 setting recording parameters, comprise writing time and sampling interval;
1.3 Enactive earthquake wavelets, comprise wavelet dominant frequency and wavelet type;
The principle of 1.4 foundation 3 D seismic observation system track pitch integral multiples is divided into several geophone offset sections geophone offset scope;
2, to the shot point-geophone station of target area 3 D seismic observation system to carrying out Seismic forward and pre-stack time migration process, obtain the pre-stack time migration result of each geophone offset section:
The writing time that 2.1 seismic wavelets utilizing step 1.2 to set and step 1.3 set and sampling interval, implement this shot point-geophone station that diffraction method Seismic forward obtains to corresponding Seismic Traces to shot point-geophone station in 3 D seismic observation system to be evaluated to geologic model;
The Seismic Traces that the 2.2 pairs of above-mentioned steps 2.1 obtain carries out pre-stack time migration process, obtains the pre-stack time migration result that Seismic Traces is corresponding, and the geophone offset section that pre-stack time migration result divides by step 1.4 is carried out superposition record;
2.3 according to each shot point-geophone station coordinate in 3 D seismic observation system, repeat above-mentioned steps 2.1 ~ 2.2, obtain right just the drilling and pre-stack time migration result of all shot point-geophone stations in 3 D seismic observation system, and the geophone offset section superposition record that this result divides by step 1.4;
3, arrange according to geophone offset mode from small to large by each geophone offset section pre-stack time migration result obtained in step 2, obtain pre-stack time migration road collection;
4, the pre-stack time migration road obtained in step 3 is concentrated and is measured amplitude corresponding to each geophone offset section along seismic event, obtains the AVO response of target area 3 D seismic observation system;
5, according to amplitude variations amplitude and the stationarity of step 4 gained 3 D seismic observation system AVO response, target area 3 D seismic observation system is evaluated.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention passes through amplitude variations amplitude and the stationarity of evaluating objects district 3 D seismic observation system AVO response, evaluate the needs that can 3 D seismic observation system meet interpretation phase AVO analysis or prestack inversion, the AVO that the 3 D seismic observation system being conducive to eliminating or reduce prior art design may exist responds excessive defect, optimize the 3 D seismic observation system with higher amplitudes fidelity of applicable target area, the AVO for interpretation phase analyzes and good basis is established in prestack inversion.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is FB(flow block) of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the Prototype drawing of recording geometry 1 used in embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of geologic model 1 in embodiment;
Fig. 4 is 3 D seismic observation system border and scattering point location diagram in embodiment;
Fig. 5 is just drilling by geologic model 1 in recording geometry in Fig. 21 and Fig. 3 the single big gun collection record receiving line obtained;
Fig. 6 is the pre-stack time migration road collection obtained in the imaging of scattering point position by geologic model 1 in recording geometry in Fig. 21 and Fig. 3;
The AVO response curve of Fig. 7 corresponding to 4 scattering points being obtained by pre-stack time migration road collection in Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the AVO response of each 3 D seismic observation system in the Fig. 8 according to geologic model in Fig. 31 acquisition.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, for area, Bohai gulf basin Dong-pu Depression front theatre, the present invention is described further:
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes step as follows:
Embodiment 1:
1, data encasement and setting parameter:
1.1 data encasement
Obtain a 3 D seismic observation system and the geologic model in area, Bohai gulf basin Dong-pu Depression front theatre, wherein, 3 D seismic observation system major parameter is: 8 line 4 big gun recording geometrys, 8 lines receive, 120 roads/reception line, track pitch 50 meters, receive line-spacing 200 meters, shot point number 4 in bundle, shotpoint spacing 50 meters, perpendicular offset 200 meters, interfascicular rolling distance 200 meters, be numbered recording geometry 1, recording geometry 1 template as shown in Figure 2, in figure, horizontal direction horizontal line is for receiving line, distribution dot thereon represents acceptance point, the 4th, 5 round dots receiving longitudinal arrangement between line represent shot point,
Geologic model: comprise 4 scattering points, planimetric coordinates (x5000, y5000), the degree of depth is respectively 1500 meters, 2500m, 3500m and 4500m, and seismic wave propagation speed V is 2800 meter per seconds, and reflection coefficient is 1, be numbered geologic model 1, as shown in Figure 3;
Boundary coordinate: the Seismic forward in the present invention carries out in regular rectangular shape borderline region, square boundary as shown in Figure 4, in figure, A, B, C, D are 4, border angle point respectively, and its coordinate is (x0, y0), (x10000 respectively, y0), (x10000, y10000), (x0, y10000), E point is the position of scattering point and pre-stack time migration imaging in geologic model, its coordinate is (x5000, y5000);
1.2 setting recording parameters, writing time is 4000ms, and sampling interval is 4ms, and time-sampling points N is 1000;
1.3 Enactive earthquake wavelets: dominant frequency is the Ricker wavelet of 30Hz, represents with w (j), j is the time-sampling sequence number to wavelet, and wavelet time span is 200ms, j=1 .., 50;
1.4 according to 1 times of recording geometry 1 track pitch namely 50m be interval, geophone offset scope is divided into 60 geophone offset sections, using the geophone offset of size between 25-75m as one section, and pre-stack time migration result therefrom superposition is recorded to in the performance data of geophone offset section 50m for mark, using the geophone offset of size between 75-125m as another section, the like determine that each geophone offset belongs to geophone offset section;
2, to the shot point-geophone station of target area 3 D seismic observation system to be evaluated to carrying out Seismic forward and pre-stack time migration process, obtain the pre-stack time migration result of each geophone offset section:
The seismic wavelet that 2.1 writing times utilizing above-mentioned steps 1.2 to set and sampling interval, step 1.3 set, to with geologic model 1, diffraction method Seismic forward is implemented to the shot point-geophone station of in recording geometry 1, obtain this shot point-geophone station to corresponding Seismic Traces x (j), j=1, .., N:
2.1.1 the right coordinate data of a shot point-geophone station is obtained from recording geometry 1, with (x
s, y
s) represent shot point coordinate, with (x
r, y
r) represent geophone station coordinate;
2.1.2 the coordinate data of each scattering point is obtained from geologic model 1
and depth data
wherein i=1 ~ M, M are that in geologic model, scattering is counted, M=4 in geologic model 1;
2.1.3 the hourage of shot point-geophone station to scattering points all in model is determined
Wherein i=1 ~ M, M are that in geologic model, scattering is counted, M=4 in geologic model 1;
2.1.4 the whilst on tour t of scattering points all in shot point-geophone station to model
ithe sampling interval that (i=1 ~ M) sets by step 1.2 and carry out writing time sampling and record, obtain time series t ' (j), j is time-sampling point numbering;
2.1.5 seismic wavelet w (j) convolution that time series t ' (j) and step 1.3 set is obtained the Seismic Traces that formula (2) represents:
x(j)＝t′(j)*w(j) (2)
Figure 5 shows shot point coordinate is (x4975, y4535) line starting point coordinate (x2000, is received, y4000), terminating point coordinate (x7950, y4000) just drill big gun collection record, in figure, horizontal label is reception channel sequence number, vertical label is writing time, and unit is ms;
2.2 determine the geophone offset section corresponding to Seismic Traces x (j) that above-mentioned steps 2.1 obtains, pre-stack time migration process is carried out to Seismic Traces x (j) and obtains its pre-stack time migration result at image space, image space is consistent with scattering point planimetric position in geologic model 1, coordinate is (x5000, y5000), the superposition of the pre-stack time migration result of this Seismic Traces obtained is recorded in the pre-stack time migration result of corresponding geophone offset section;
2.3 according to each shot point-geophone station coordinate in recording geometry 1, repeat above-mentioned steps 2.1 ~ 2.2, obtain Seismic forward and pre-stack time migration result that in recording geometry 1, all shot point-geophone stations are right, and the superposition of this pre-stack time migration result is recorded in the pre-stack time migration result of corresponding geophone offset section;
3, the pre-stack time migration result by the different geophone offset sections obtained in step 2 is arranged according to geophone offset mode from small to large, obtain pre-stack time migration road collection, Fig. 6 is (x5000 for obtaining coordinate position by recording geometry 1 according to geologic model 1, y5000) pre-stack time migration road collection, in figure, vertical coordinate axis is time shaft, unit is ms, transverse coordinate axis is geophone offset axle, unit is m, as seen from the figure, pre-stack time migration road collection lineups are clear and straight, show in step 2 just to drill with prestack time migration method be correct;
4, concentrate in the pre-stack time migration road obtained by step 3 and measure amplitude corresponding to each geophone offset section along seismic event, obtain the AVO response of recording geometry 1, Fig. 7 shows the AVO response of 4 scattering points in the recording geometry 1 pair of geologic model 1 obtained by above-mentioned steps, vertical coordinate axis is seismic reflection amplitude, transverse coordinate axis is geophone offset, as seen from the figure, the change of amplitude is broadly divided into two intervals, at geophone offset scope 50-800m, amplitude geophone offset roughly linearly increases fast with larger slope, and geophone offset scope is when being 800-3000m, amplitude variations is relatively stable, and increase with geophone offset and slowly reduce,
5, comparative analysis is by the AVO response curve of recording geometry 1 to 4 scattering points, the AVO response curve amplitude variations of scattering point 4 is overall less and more stable, along with the reduction of scattering point buried depth, the amplitude of variation of amplitude geophone offset curve obviously increases, instability increases, and this shows, for same 3 D seismic observation system-recording geometry 1, to analyze for the AVO compared with shallow-layer or prestack inversion is more subject to the impact of 3 D seismic observation system self, be easy to fall into the trap that false AVO responds; Because area, front theatre fundamental purpose layer buries darker, the degree of depth is at 3500-4500m, not quite and more stable, can meet the seismic data interpretation stage follow-up in this area carries out AVO and analyzes and the needs of prestack inversion the AVO response curve entire change amplitude of recording geometry 1 pair of scattering point 3,4.
Embodiment 2:
This example is the comparative analysis to one group of 3 D seismic observation system, table 1 shows the basic parameter of 33 D seismic observation systems, 33 D seismic observation systems have identical acceptance point distance, receive line-spacing, shotpoint spacing and perpendicular offset, every line receives number of channels and is also all 120 roads, difference receives line number and wire harness rolling distance, and wherein first recording geometry is exactly the recording geometry 1 in embodiment 1; Geologic model, seismic wavelet and recording parameters in the same manner as in Example 1 is adopted to obtain the AVO response of recording geometry 2 and recording geometry 3 by the step in embodiment 1.
The parameter list of table 1 one group of 3 D seismic observation system
Above-mentioned 33 D seismic observation systems are analyzed for the AVO response curve of scattering point 3 in geologic model 1, as seen from Figure 8, recording geometry 3 is many owing to receiving line number, reception arrangement broadens, the entire change amplitude that its AVO responds obviously increases, the change subregion of amplitude is also more obvious, and rate of change all obviously increases in two subregions, and this AVO response characteristic analyzes the AVO in following explanations stage or prestack inversion is disadvantageous, for prestack inversion and AVO are analyzed, because " the AVO response " that gather this non-geologic agent that reason causes is more smooth, more homogeneous, the AVO response of this 3 D seismic observation system has been only, just more be conducive to analyzing the true AVO phenomenon caused by formation factor, contrasted from the AVO response curve of the recording geometry 1 and recording geometry 2 that are all 8 lines receptions in Fig. 8, recording geometry 2 due to wire harness rolling distance larger, the stability that its AVO responds is relatively poor, and the AVO response characteristic of recording geometry 1 is closer to ideal situation, in this, as the preferred foundation of recording geometry evaluation, determine the 3 D seismic observation system that recording geometry 1 is area, front theatre.
By embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 known, the present invention responds the AVO of analyzing three-dimensional seismic observation system as the evaluation method of a 3 D seismic observation system, designs and offer reference for the prestack inversion of interpretation phase and AVO analyze, avoid Prestack seismic data to utilize trap to have vital role and meaning for instructing 3 D seismic observation system.
Claims (3)
1. a 3 D seismic observation system evaluation method, its feature comprises the following steps:
(1) data encasement and setting parameter: obtain target area 3 D seismic observation system, geologic model and boundary coordinate; Setting recording parameter, comprises writing time and sampling interval; Enactive earthquake wavelet, comprises wavelet dominant frequency and wavelet type; Principle according to 3 D seismic observation system track pitch integral multiple is divided into several geophone offset sections geophone offset scope;
(2) to the shot point-geophone station of target area 3 D seismic observation system to carrying out Seismic forward and pre-stack time migration process, obtain the pre-stack time migration result of each geophone offset section:
(3) arrange according to geophone offset mode from small to large by each geophone offset section pre-stack time migration result obtained in step (2), obtain pre-stack time migration road collection;
(4) the pre-stack time migration road obtained in step (3) is concentrated and is measured amplitude corresponding to each geophone offset section along seismic event, obtains the AVO response of target area 3 D seismic observation system;
(5) according to amplitude variations amplitude and the stationarity of step (4) gained 3 D seismic observation system AVO response, target area 3 D seismic observation system is evaluated.
2. a kind of 3 D seismic observation system evaluation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: to the shot point-geophone station of target area 3 D seismic observation system to just drilling with pre-stack time migration treatment step be:
(2.1) utilize Enactive earthquake wavelet, writing time and sampling interval, this shot point-geophone station is obtained to corresponding Seismic Traces to implementing diffraction method Seismic forward with geologic model to a shot point-geophone station in target area 3 D seismic observation system;
(2.2) pre-stack time migration process is carried out to the Seismic Traces that above-mentioned steps (2.1) obtains, obtain the pre-stack time migration result that Seismic Traces is corresponding, and pre-stack time migration result is carried out superposition record by the geophone offset section divided;
(2.3) according to each shot point-geophone station coordinate in 3 D seismic observation system, repeat above-mentioned steps (2.1) ~ (2.2), obtain right just the drilling and pre-stack time migration result of all shot point-geophone stations in 3 D seismic observation system, and this result by the geophone offset section superposition record divided.
3. a kind of 3 D seismic observation system evaluation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: implementing diffraction method Seismic forward to seismic observation system and geologic model and obtain Seismic Traces described in step (2.1), comprises the following steps:
(3.1) the right coordinate data of a shot point-geophone station is obtained from the seismic observation system of setting, with (x
s, y
s) represent shot point coordinate, with (x
r, y
r) represent geophone station coordinate;
(3.2) coordinate data of each scattering point is obtained from the geologic model of setting
and depth data
wherein i=1 ~ N, N are that in geologic model, scattering is counted;
(3.3) hourage of shot point-geophone station to scattering points all in model is determined
Wherein: i=1 ~ N, N are that in geologic model, scattering is counted, and V is seismic wave propagation speed;
(3.4) the whilst on tour t of scattering points all in shot point-geophone station to model
ithe sampling interval that (i=1 ~ N) sets by step (1) and carry out writing time sampling and record, obtains time series t'(j), j is time-sampling point numbering;
(3.5) time series t'(j) obtain with input seismic wavelet w (j) convolution the Seismic Traces that represents:
x(j)＝t'(j)*w(j)
J is time-sampling point numbering, and x (j) is exactly shot point (x
s, y
s) and geophone station (x
r, y
r) just drill seismologic record, the right composite traces of arbitrary shot point and geophone station in 3 D seismic observation system can be obtained according to above-mentioned steps.
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| CN111025424A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Pre-stack time migration response operator quantification judgment method |
| CN114076975A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-02-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional seismic observation system layout method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| WO2023201865A1 (en) * | 2022-04-23 | 2023-10-26 | 中国海洋大学 | Observation system arrangement length selection method |
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