CN104359754A - Beam component bending and torsion combined load test device and method - Google Patents
Beam component bending and torsion combined load test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104359754A CN104359754A CN201410532785.7A CN201410532785A CN104359754A CN 104359754 A CN104359754 A CN 104359754A CN 201410532785 A CN201410532785 A CN 201410532785A CN 104359754 A CN104359754 A CN 104359754A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a beam component bending and torsion combined load test device and method. The beam component bending and torsion combined load test device comprises simply support and torsion combined supporting seats and combined loading components, wherein the simply support and torsion combined supporting seats are mounted at two ends of a beam component sample, a part with certain length in the middle area of the sample is taken as a testing section, and the combined loading components are arranged at the testing section. Specifically, two horizontally reversed loading arms are mounted at two ends of the testing section respectively, and free ends of the two loading arms are fixedly connected through a distributing beam. During testing, pressure is applied to the middle of the distributing beam, so that the sample is bent; and the distributing beam averagely distributes and transfers the pressure to the free ends of the two loading arms, and accordingly, two ends of the testing section of the sample relatively perform reverse torsion. According to a measured torsion angle, bending deflection and pressure load, a bending moment and deflection curve and a torque and turn angle curve under bending and torsion combined loading of a beam component can be obtained. According to the device and the method, bending and torsion combined loading of the beam component can be realized only by applying one pressure load, boundary conditions are ingeniously and reasonably set, parameter measurement is intuitive and convenient, and testing data are accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experiment loading unit, especially a kind of beam crankling vibration load testing machine and method.
Background technology
In engineering, bridge, beams of concrete, steel pipe, power transmission pole, wind electricity blade etc. all can be reduced to beam, under the effect of the complicated applied force such as wind load and earthquake, not only can be subject to axial force and moment of flexure, also have the acting in conjunction of moment of torsion.Therefore, the crankling vibration load condition furtheing investigate beam plays an important role to analytical structure performance, failure mechanism.The test that current research beam crankling vibration loads is less, mainly because charger is difficult to realize, such as moment of flexure boundary condition is not desirable freely-supported, and when moment of torsion applies, beam is not ideal rotation, is difficult to obtain moment of flexure and moment of torsion etc. under same load-up condition simultaneously.And existing charger, what have is confined to certain material beam, and some loading ranges are limited, and some costs are high, and therefore these devices are all difficult to popularity in test or Practical Project.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of beam bending experiment loading unit and method, its moment of flexure boundary condition is desirable freely-supported, when moment of torsion applies, beam is ideal rotation, can obtain moment of flexure and torque load under same loading environment, and one-piece construction is simple, low cost of manufacture, test figure are accurate simultaneously.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopts for its technical matters of solution is:
A kind of beam bending experiment loading unit, comprise freely-supported-torsion combined isolator and combination loading component, it is characterized in that, freely-supported described at least two-torsion combined isolator is fixedly installed on basis or ground, for supporting the beam sample and control boundary condition that are loaded test, and between described freely-supported-torsion combined isolator, there is certain spacing, described beam sample two ends are respectively provided to freely-supported-torsion combined isolator described in few; Get certain length as bending test section in the central region of described beam sample, described bending test section sets firmly described combination loading component; Wherein,
--described freely-supported-torsion combined isolator comprises the fixed pedestal be installed together successively from top to bottom, roller, reverse bearing and freely-supported bearing, between described fixed pedestal and torsion bearing, roller described in several is set, electronics troptumeter installed by described torsion bearing, the lower surface of described torsion bearing is cambered surface, the end of described beam sample is set above described freely-supported bearing, and thickness setting adjustable elements backing plate between described freely-supported bearing and the end of beam sample, the radius of torsion of described torsion bearing passes through the cross section centre of twist of described beam sample,
--combination loading component comprises loading arm, distribution beam and loading cross section reinforcement, described combination loading component is for applying bending and torsion load, and measure load and deflection value: in described bending test section two ends loaded surfaces sheathed loading cross section reinforcement respectively, and install respectively at described bending test section two ends one be arranged on load horizontal reverse in cross section reinforcement to loading arm, described horizontal reverse to loading arm free end between be fixedly connected with by distribution beam, described distribution beam is provided with pressure transducer, and the middle part of described distribution beam is pressure application point, at the middle part of described bending test section, displacement transducer is installed.
Preferably, described combination loading component also comprises loading connecting rod, and described loading connecting rod is arranged between described loading cross section reinforcement and loading arm, fixedly prevents loading arm to be out of shape to utilize the strengthening of loading connecting rod.
Preferably, the free end of described loading arm installs column, be fixedly connected with described column by distribution beam.
Utilize described fixed pedestal, roller and torsion bearing can determine the twist boundary condition of described beam test specimen, and measure the torsion angle values of described beam sample by described electronics troptumeter.For realizing reversing loading accurately, by reversing the design of bearing radian and the adjustment of test specimen plate thickness, guarantee the cross section centre of twist of the bearing radius of torsion by test specimen.
Preferably, described fixed pedestal is a uncovered casing, fluted on sidewall, for installing roller.
Preferably, described roller is formed by axle core and urceolus assembly, the two ends land portions of axle core is scabbled, be placed in the sidewall notches of described fixed pedestal, described urceolus can unsettledly freely rotate, and described urceolus supports and reverses bearing, described torsion bearing lower surface is arc shape, its center of curvature is positioned at the centre of twist of described beam sample, and outside weldings is shaped, and boring has brace summer.Such structure both can weight reduction, can guarantee outer shape again.Further, the upper surface middle part of described torsion bearing installs freely-supported bearing, for determining the curved boundaries condition of test specimen.Preferably, described freely-supported bearing is slender cylinder, at torsion upper surface of support welding angle iron, rolls for preventing right cylinder.
Utilize described loading cross section reinforcement to load cross section (loading arm place) to component to do and suitably strengthen protection, to produce in loading cross section to avoid beam and destroy, guarantee that the chief destructive of test specimen produces at test section.For the beam (as triangle, circle) of non-rectangular cross-section, be also square-section after enhancing process.Further, sample can be hollow body, also can be solid.
Beam bending experiment loading unit of the present invention, during test, applies pressure in the middle part of distribution beam, test specimen is produced bending; Meanwhile, distribution beam is by pressure mean allocation and be delivered to two loading arm free ends, makes the relative turn-back in test specimen test section two ends.At test section installation position displacement sensor instrument, measure sag value, and read pressure load value from pressure transducer.So only input a pressure load, the crankling vibration that can realize beam loads.By windup-degree, sag, pressure load, can obtain beam crankling vibration load under moment of flexure-amount of deflection and torsion curve.
According to a further aspect in the invention, additionally provide and a kind ofly utilize beam bending experiment loading unit of the present invention to carry out the method for beam bending test, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
SS1. beam sample two ends are placed on torsion-freely-supported combined isolator, get certain length as bending test section in the central region of beam sample, this bending test section sets firmly combination loading component;
SS2. in the middle part of distribution beam, apply pressure load, beam sample is produced bending, distribution beam is by pressure mean allocation and be delivered to the free end of the loading arm being arranged on bending test section both ends, makes the relative turn-back in bending test section two ends;
SS3. the pressure transducer test pressure load be arranged in distribution beam is utilized, the length of bondbeam component sample and loading arm length, calculate moment of flexure and the moment of torsion of beam sample, utilize the sag of the displacement sensor beam sample be arranged in the middle part of bending test section, the relative torsion corner that windup-degree is measured fixed pedestal by being arranged on the electronics troptumeter reversed on bearing and being reversed between bearing;
SS4. moment of flexure-the sag curve of beam sample under crankling vibration loads and torsion curve is obtained by windup-degree, sag, pressure load.
Relative to prior art, the invention has the advantages that, only apply a pressure load to beam sample, can obtain moment of flexure and moment of torsion simultaneously, boundary condition arranges ingenious and reasonable, and test parameters measures intuitive and convenient, and test figure is accurate.Device is not particularly limited the material of beam, section form, loading range, and structure is simple, and cost is lower, applied widely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is beam bending experiment loading unit overall diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is freely-supported-torsion combined isolator schematic diagram, and wherein, (A) is cross-wise direction schematic diagram, and (B) is side surface direction schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that test section loads cross section partial enlarged drawing, and wherein, (A) is square-section beam; (B) be triangular-section beam; (C) be round section beam.
Embodiment
For making object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, to develop simultaneously embodiment referring to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ 2, beam crankling vibration load testing machine of the present invention, it comprises freely-supported-torsion combined isolator and combination loading component two parts.Freely-supported-torsion combined isolator comprises fixed pedestal 1, roller 2, reverses bearing 3, freely-supported bearing 4, electronics troptumeter 5, backing plate 6.A freely-supported-torsion combined isolator is fixed at sample two ends respectively, for supporting sample, controls boundary condition.Be specially: fixed pedestal 1 is placed some rollers 2, roller 2 supports and reverses bearing 3, and installs electronics troptumeter 5, and this part textural association for determining the twist boundary condition of test specimen, and measures windup-degree.Reverse bearing 3 and freely-supported bearing 4 is installed, for determining the freely-supported curved boundaries condition of test specimen above again.For realizing reversing loading accurately, by reversing the design of bearing 3 radian and the adjustment of test specimen backing plate 6 thickness, guarantee the cross section centre of twist of the bearing radius of torsion by test specimen.
Combination loading component comprises loading connecting rod 7, loading arm 8, distribution beam 9, loads cross section reinforcement 10, pressure transducer 11, displacement transducer 12.Get certain length as bending test section in test specimen central region, install respectively at test section two ends a horizontal reverse to loading arm 8, the free end distribution beam 9 of two loading arms 8 is fixedly connected with.During test, in the middle part of distribution beam 9, apply pressure, test specimen is produced bending; Meanwhile, distribution beam is by pressure mean allocation and be delivered to two loading arm 8 free ends, makes the relative turn-back in test specimen test section two ends.At test section installation position displacement sensor 12, measure sag value, and read pressure load value from pressure transducer 11, and by adjustment loading arm 8 length, obtain the moment of torsion needing to apply.So only input a pressure load, can realize loading the crankling vibration of beam.By windup-degree, sag, pressure load, the moment of flexure-amount of deflection of beam under crankling vibration and torsion curve can be obtained.
As shown in Figure 2, fixed pedestal 1 is a uncovered casing, fluted on sidewall, for installing roller 2.Roller 2 is formed by axle core and urceolus assembly, and the two end portions of axle core is scabbled, and is placed in cavities, and urceolus can unsettledly freely be rotated.Urceolus supports and reverses bearing 3, reversing bearing 3 lower surface be arc shape, and its center of curvature is positioned at the centre of twist of test specimen, outside weldings shaping, and boring has brace summer, both can weight reduction, can guarantee outer shape again.
When using beam crankling vibration load testing machine of the present invention, with reference to Fig. 2, first according to beam specimen length, the fixed pedestal 1 two being equipped with roller 2 is fixed on ground or test-bed, up place successively again and reverse bearing 3, freely-supported bearing 4 and backing plate 6, then electronics troptumeter 5 is fixed on and reverses on bearing 3.This part parts can ensure the bending and torsion boundary condition of sample, and measures windup-degree.
With reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, certain length is got as test section in region, portion in the sample, and outside, loading cross section, test section two ends puts reinforcement 10 respectively.Test section two ends install respectively a horizontal reverse to loading arm 8, with loading connecting rod 7 strengthening fixedly prevent loading arm 8 to be out of shape, the free end of loading arm 8 installs column, is fixedly connected with by distribution beam 9.Distribution beam 9 and sample distinguish setting pressure sensor 11 and displacement transducer 12.This part for applying bending and torsion load, and measures load and deflection value.
With reference to Fig. 1, sample two ends are placed on torsion-freely-supported combined isolator 1, apply pressure in the middle part of distribution beam 9, test specimen is produced bending; Meanwhile, distribution beam 9 is by pressure mean allocation and be delivered to two loading arm 8 free ends, makes the relative turn-back in test specimen test section two ends.Moment of flexure required in test and moment of torsion are produced by external force load p, P value is measured by pressure transducer 11, and by specimen length and loading arm length, calculated bending moment and moment of torsion, amount of deflection is measured by displacement transducer 12, and windup-degree measures fixed pedestal 1 by electronics troptumeter 5 and the relative rotation reversed between bearing 3 realizes.So only input a pressure load, the crankling vibration that can realize beam loads, and obtains moment of flexure-amount of deflection and torsion curve.
As shown in Figure 3, when using beam crankling vibration load testing machine of the present invention, the cross sectional shape of beam is unrestricted, can be rectangle, triangle or circle.No matter be which kind of cross sectional shape, all adopt reinforcement 10 to wrap up sample for square-section in loading place.Further, beam can be hollow body, also can be solid.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a beam bending experiment loading unit, comprise freely-supported-torsion combined isolator and combination loading component, it is characterized in that, freely-supported described at least two-torsion combined isolator is fixedly installed on basis or ground, for supporting the beam sample and control boundary condition that are loaded test, and between described freely-supported-torsion combined isolator, there is certain spacing, described beam sample two ends are respectively provided to freely-supported-torsion combined isolator described in few; Get certain length as bending test section in the central region of described beam sample, described bending test section sets firmly described combination loading component; Wherein,
--described freely-supported-torsion combined isolator comprises the fixed pedestal be installed together successively from top to bottom, roller, reverse bearing and freely-supported bearing, between described fixed pedestal and torsion bearing, roller described in several is set, electronics troptumeter installed by described torsion bearing, the lower surface of described torsion bearing is cambered surface, the end of described beam sample is set above described freely-supported bearing, and thickness setting adjustable elements backing plate between described freely-supported bearing and the end of beam sample, the radius of torsion of described torsion bearing passes through the cross section centre of twist of described beam sample,
--combination loading component comprises loading arm, distribution beam and loading cross section reinforcement, described combination loading component is for applying bending and torsion load, and measure load and deflection value: in described bending test section two ends loaded surfaces sheathed loading cross section reinforcement respectively, and install respectively at described bending test section two ends one be arranged on load horizontal reverse in cross section reinforcement to loading arm, described horizontal reverse to loading arm free end between be fixedly connected with by distribution beam, described distribution beam is provided with pressure transducer, and the middle part of described distribution beam is pressure application point, at the middle part of described bending test section, displacement transducer is installed.
2. beam bending experiment loading unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described combination loading component also comprises loading connecting rod, and described loading connecting rod is arranged between described loading cross section reinforcement and loading arm, fixedly prevents loading arm to be out of shape to utilize the strengthening of loading connecting rod.
3. beam bending experiment loading unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the free end of described loading arm installs column, be fixedly connected with described column by distribution beam.
4. beam bending experiment loading unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fixed pedestal is a uncovered casing, fluted on sidewall, for installing roller.
5. beam bending experiment loading unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described roller is formed by axle core and urceolus assembly, and the two ends land portions of axle core is scabbled, and is placed in the sidewall notches of described fixed pedestal, described urceolus can unsettledly freely rotate, described urceolus supports and reverses bearing, and described torsion bearing lower surface is arc shape, and its center of curvature is positioned at the centre of twist of described beam sample, outside weldings is shaped, and boring has brace summer.
6. beam bending experiment loading unit according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described freely-supported bearing is slender cylinder, at torsion upper surface of support welding angle iron, rolls for preventing right cylinder.
7. utilize the beam bending experiment loading unit described in claim 1 to 6 to carry out a method for beam bending test, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
SS1. beam sample two ends are placed on torsion-freely-supported combined isolator, get certain length as bending test section in the central region of beam sample, this bending test section sets firmly combination loading component;
SS2. in the middle part of distribution beam, apply pressure load, beam sample is produced bending, distribution beam is by pressure mean allocation and be delivered to the free end of the loading arm being arranged on bending test section both ends, makes the relative turn-back in bending test section two ends;
SS3. the pressure transducer test pressure load be arranged in distribution beam is utilized, the length of bondbeam component sample and loading arm length, calculate moment of flexure and the moment of torsion of beam sample, utilize the sag of the displacement sensor beam sample be arranged in the middle part of bending test section, the relative torsion corner that windup-degree is measured fixed pedestal by being arranged on the electronics troptumeter reversed on bearing and being reversed between bearing;
SS4. moment of flexure-the sag curve of beam sample under crankling vibration loads and torsion curve is obtained by windup-degree, sag, pressure load.
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| CN107101872A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-29 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Anti-torsion test device for reinforced concrete beam |
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| CN105806602B (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2019-06-25 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | A kind of main blade fatigue experimental device of anti-deicing |
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| CN107101872A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-29 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Anti-torsion test device for reinforced concrete beam |
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| CN112903475A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2021-06-04 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Device and method for testing bending and twisting strength of I-shaped stringer test piece |
| CN111310269A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-06-19 | 东南大学 | Method for analyzing nonlinear dynamic characteristics of clamped beam structure by considering boundary displacement |
| CN111238959A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-06-05 | 黄山学院 | Bending property testing device of material |
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