CN104359420A - Tool wear three-dimensional shape measuring method based on laser displacement sensor scanning - Google Patents
Tool wear three-dimensional shape measuring method based on laser displacement sensor scanning Download PDFInfo
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- CN104359420A CN104359420A CN201410621567.0A CN201410621567A CN104359420A CN 104359420 A CN104359420 A CN 104359420A CN 201410621567 A CN201410621567 A CN 201410621567A CN 104359420 A CN104359420 A CN 104359420A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tool wear three-dimensional shape measuring method based on laser displacement sensor scanning. A laser displacement sensor is used to scan a wear area of a tool line by line so that height information of each point in the wear area is obtained. For the fact that spacing of lines is large and the lines are insufficiently continuous, an interpolation method based on a height average and an actual height difference is provided to subject the points among the scanned lines to interpolation, the post-interpolation line spacing is made equal to spacing of the points under transverse scanning, and height information of all points acquired by measuring and interpolation is subjected to three-dimensional reconstruction; the three-dimensional shape of the wear area is restored, the three-dimensional shape of the wear area can thus be mastered visually and specifically, and finally the wear degree can be quantitatively assessed and analyzed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of engineering detecting field, particularly based on the measuring method of the tool wear three-dimensional appearance of laser displacement sensor scanning.
Background technology
Tool wear has important impact to surface of the work crudy.In recent years, studies in China person Cutter wear state inspection has carried out large quantity research, following three aspects are mainly tended in these researchs: (1) is measured the chip that cutter produces in working angles, the method is a kind of indirect measurement method, is still in theoretical research stage; (2) monitor specific lathe parameter, being used for judging the abrasion condition of cutter, is also a kind of indirect measurement method, although operation is comparatively easy, precision is not high; (3) directly observe cutter, although the method operation precision is higher, it is more difficult to realize.
The eroded area of cutter concentrates on micron-sized research range, thus has higher requirement for measurement.At present, because the application of 3-D measuring apparatus limits, be confined in the analysis of two-dimensional appearance by the tool wear analysis of image procossing always, the formulation of blunt standard is also only limitted to the tolerance of planar parameter aspect, such as: the crater depth KT of rake face, corner wear maximal value VC, main line wear extent VN, wear of the tool flank width VB.And the three-dimensional appearance understanding eroded area is needed for the understanding of the deeper degree of tool wear degree.
The three-dimensional reconstruction in tool wear region belongs to the category of microscopic three-dimensional surface reconstruction.The method of traditional three-dimensional rebuilding method such as binocular vision, because the reason such as background and structural relation is simple, contrast is low, optical distortion of microphoto is difficult to determine unique point and effectively mates; It is more difficult that the reasons such as structural light three-dimensional method for reconstructing is complicated due to system architecture again, demarcation difficulty are promoted, and in addition, the research of the three-dimensional reconstruction in domestic and international Cutter wear region all rarely has report.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of measuring method of the tool wear three-dimensional appearance based on laser displacement sensor scanning.
The measuring method of the tool wear three-dimensional appearance based on laser displacement sensor scanning of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) line by line scan with the eroded area of the laser displacement sensor be fixed on telecontrol equipment to cutter;
(2) interpolation is carried out to the point between each row scanned;
(3) use Matlab to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction to the data after final interpolation, the three-dimensional appearance of tool wear is reduced.
Laser displacement sensor and telecontrol equipment adopt Programmable Logic Controller to control simultaneously.
What adopt when carrying out interpolation to the point between each row of scanning is the interpolation method of the difference used based on height average and true altitude, and it is all interpolation calculation from the middle part of two row, step by step down interpolation.
Get scan line on tool wear face, a longitudinal cross-section actual curve and with its scan line every a line, be connected bottom both with straight-line segment, actual scanning in this line and this longitudinal cross-section is capable to intersect at a point, and remembers that this point differs Δ h with the true altitude of the scan line in this cross section; Next interpolation is carried out to these two adjacent actual scanning interline positions: be connected by the bottom straight-line segment of the scan line of interpolation row both sides, to the distance of downward-extension Δ h/2 in the middle part of straight-line segment, namely complete the interpolation of the height of this point.
According to above-mentioned steps, successively down calculate interpolation, until complete all interpolation in this cross section, in all row after interpolation, the distance of adjacent rows is equal with distance during transversal scanning between adjacent 2.
Obtain a matrix after interpolation is complete, the height value of the point in all numeric representation scanning areas in matrix, with Matlab, these are represented that the data of height value carry out three-dimensional reconstruction, the three-dimensional appearance figure in final reduction tool wear region.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is tool wear schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 carries out scanning schematic diagram with laser displacement sensor Cutter wear region on lathe;
Fig. 3 be with laser displacement sensor scanning cutter retouch path schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the interpolation method schematic diagram of the difference based on height average and true altitude.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method of the tool wear three-dimensional appearance based on laser displacement sensor scanning, by lining by line scan with the eroded area of laser displacement sensor to cutter, obtain the elevation information of many places point in tool wear region respectively, to seem more greatly inadequate continuous print situation about span between each row, here the interpolation method proposing a kind of difference based on height average and true altitude carries out interpolation to the point between each row of scanning, distance when making the line-spacing after interpolation and transversal scanning between each point is equal, to the measurement obtained and interpolation obtain elevation information a little carry out three-dimensional reconstruction, finally can the concrete three-dimensional appearance in Cutter wear region reduce, an image can be had to the three-dimensional appearance of the eroded area of cutter, concrete assurance, quantitative analysis and assessment can be had to the degree of wear.
The present invention can detect rake wear 1 as shown in Figure 1 simultaneously, main wear of the tool flank 2 and minor flank wearing and tearing 3.
Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, first tested cutter 6 is placed on worktable 7, laser displacement sensor 5 is fixed on PLC controlled motion device 4, by the Programmable Logic Controller motion of controlled motion device 4 simultaneously and the startup of low-light displacement transducer 5 scanning record, laser displacement sensor can be lined by line scan according to the cutter of the path of specifying to wearing and tearing, the path of its scanning as shown in Figure 3, first transversal scanning, the scanning record operation of laser displacement sensor 5 is started while starting PLC controlled motion device 4, in the process of scanning, laser displacement sensor 5 is by the distance between grinding with fixing frequency record laser displacement sensor and cutter.Lateral separation swept rear Controlled by Programmable Controller laser displacement sensor 5 and stopped record first time, and preserve with computer the data that just scanning survey arrives, secondly there is oblique movement in Programmable Logic Controller continuation controlled motion device 4, laser displacement sensor 5 is made to aim at the position of the beginning of next line, when Programmable Logic Controller startup telecontrol equipment 4 moves right, laser displacement sensor starts to scan record by being activated simultaneously, with this carry out, until scanned last column, make the eroded area of cutter scanned.
Carrying out with laser displacement displacement transducer 5 scanning in the process of recording distance, in order to improve precision, suitably can improve the frequency of its record, make the actual range between each point of scanning very little, if the movement velocity of telecontrol equipment 4 is 1mm/s, the recording frequency of laser displacement sensor is 1000Hz, actual range so between its each point scanned is 0.001mm, however, if the distance between each row of scanning is also 0.001mm, the fore-and-aft distance so scanning 1mm needs particles 1000 times, this will be a very time consuming process, the measuring process of whole tool wear is finally made to become efficiency very low, and workload is excessive.
Measuring efficiency for improving, the distance between each row of exposing thoroughly must be added, reduce the number of times of longitudinal scanning.In this approach while raising scan efficiency, another problem can be exposed, namely in the data of matrix form that Multiple-Scan obtains, actual range representative between horizontal and vertical is inconsistent, three-dimensional reconstruction cannot be carried out, therefore must carry out the operation of interpolation here to the data of disappearance between each row of scanning, make horizontal and vertical in the data of final matrix form between representative actual range consistent, for the three-dimensional reconstruction in later stage tool wear face provides reliable data.
Current existing interpolation method is of a great variety, the simplest interpolation method is no more than linear interpolation, but its defect of this interpolation method is also apparent, under most occasion, its error is very large, consider interpolation efficiency and interpolation precision, the interpolation method that the invention provides a kind of difference based on height average and true altitude carries out interpolation to the point between each row of scanning simultaneously.
First to illustrate a bit, for irregular curve, any one interpolation method all can not carry out interpolation to curved surface like clockwork, more or less can there is certain error, and good interpolation method it is advantageous that its error is smaller often.Interpolation method presented here is on the basis of improving interpolation efficiency, and its interpolation precision is also very high.
As shown in Figure 4, first to get on tool wear face, a certain longitudinal cross-section actual curve 12 scan line 8 and with its actual scanning every a line capable 11, be connected bottom it with straight-line segment, this line will be given a bit mutually with the actual surface sweeping row 10 in this cross section, this point differs Δ h with the true altitude of the scan line 10 in this cross section, is namely numbered the distance of 14 in Fig. 4.Next to the row interpolation of advancing in the middle of the scan line 8 in this cross section and scan line 10, be connected bottom it with straight-line segment, to the distance of downward-extension Δ h/2 in the middle part of line segment, namely the distance of 13 is numbered in Fig. 4, namely the interpolation of the height of this point is completed, interpolation is all from middle part, again the middle part of these two lines in when carrying out interpolation between scan line 8 and scan line 10 being also is started, in layer down calculate, until complete all interpolation in this cross section, in all row after interpolation, the distance of adjacent rows is equal with distance during transversal scanning between adjacent 2.
Here to note, the distance between the sample frequency of suitable laser displacement sensor and scan line must be chosen at the beginning of measurement, carry out taking above-mentioned interpolation method to scan line in Interpolation Process, making line-spacing constantly can had an opportunity equal with the distance laterally between adjacent 2 by the rear adjacent line-spacing of average division.
A matrix can be obtained after interpolation is complete, the height value of the point in all numeric representation scanning areas in matrix, can represent that the data of height value carry out three-dimensional reconstruction to these with Matlab, finally reduce the three-dimensional appearance figure in tool wear region, can can also calculate the volume of wearing and tearing while more vivid concrete observation wear appearance characteristic according to these numerical value, final Cutter wear degree can have quantitative analysis and assessment.
The invention provides the measuring method of the tool wear three-dimensional appearance based on laser displacement sensor scanning; the method and access of this technical scheme of specific implementation is a lot; the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.The all available prior art of each ingredient not clear and definite in the present embodiment is realized.
Claims (5)
1., based on the measuring method of the tool wear three-dimensional appearance of laser displacement sensor scanning, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) line by line scan with the eroded area of the laser displacement sensor be fixed on telecontrol equipment to cutter;
(2) interpolation is carried out to the point between each row scanned;
(3) use Matlab to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction to the data after final interpolation, the three-dimensional appearance in tool wear region is reduced.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: laser displacement sensor and telecontrol equipment adopt Programmable Logic Controller to control simultaneously.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: what adopt when carrying out interpolation to the point between each row of scanning is the interpolation method of the difference used based on height average and true altitude, it is all interpolation calculation from two interline positions, step by step down interpolation.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: to get on tool wear face, a longitudinal cross-section actual curve scan line and capable with its actual scanning every a line, be connected bottom both with straight-line segment, actual surface sweeping row in this line and this longitudinal cross-section intersects at a point, and remembers that this point differs Δ h with the true altitude of the scan line in this cross section; Next interpolation is carried out at the actual scanning interline position adjacent to this in this cross section two, be connected by the bottom straight-line segment of the scan line of interpolation row both sides, to the distance of downward-extension Δ h/2 in the middle part of straight-line segment, namely the interpolation of the height of this point is completed, interpolation is always from the middle part of two row, to when carrying out interpolation between adjacent two scan lines from the middle part of two sweep traces;
According to above-mentioned steps, successively down carry out interpolation calculation, until complete all interpolation in this cross section, in all row after interpolation, the distance of adjacent rows is equal with distance during transversal scanning between adjacent 2.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: after interpolation is complete, obtain a matrix, to these, the height value of the point in all numeric representation scanning areas in matrix, represents that the data of height value carry out three-dimensional reconstruction with Matlab, the three-dimensional appearance figure in final reduction tool wear region.
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| CN106709996A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-24 | 南开大学 | Three-dimensional reconstructing method for contour model of defect part of smooth object |
| CN107192340A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-09-22 | 广东理工学院 | A kind of NI Vision Builder for Automated Inspection of measured hole, the position of groove and physical dimension |
| CN108827168A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-16 | 拓卡奔马机电科技有限公司 | Knife width detecting method and device applied to cutting |
| CN114235687A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-25 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Surface damage detection device and method |
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| CN114235687A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-25 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Surface damage detection device and method |
| CN114235687B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2024-03-26 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Surface damage detection equipment and method |
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