CN104350855A - Application method of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chemical fertilizer in full bearing period of apple trees - Google Patents
Application method of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chemical fertilizer in full bearing period of apple trees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of apple tree nutrition and fertilizer application, and in particular relates to an application method of a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chemical fertilizer in a full bearing period of apple trees. A full set of fertilizer application recommendation schemes such as the consumption, the proportion, the split application period and the split application method of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chemical fertilizer can be obtained by only needing nutrient testing data, a target yield, tree growth situations and the like. By virtue of the method, multiple benefits such as the saving of the chemical fertilizer, the yield increasing, the high quality, the enrichment of soil fertility, the environmental friendliness and the like can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of apple tree nutrition and fertilizer application, what be specifically related to is a kind of apple tree n p k fertilizer in full bearing period application process.
Background technology
Fruit industry is the important tradition of our province, efficient, specialty industries, and area was stabilized in about 1,000 ten thousand mu always in recent years, and gross yield and the output value surely occupy the leading place in the whole country for many years.Especially apple, extensively plants at our province, and defines several advantage producing regions such as Yantai, Weihai, Linyi, Yiyuan, and output accounts for about 60% of fruit gross yield.In advantage producing region, apple income is the Main Economic source of peasant household, gets rich played Main Function to increasing peasant income.Over nearly 20 years, orchard workers, in order to obtain higher output, continue a large amount of to use chemical fertilizer, while orchard per unit area yield steadily improves, and the negative effect such as also caused orchard acidifying, eutrophication, physiological disease increase the weight of.Add up according to investigations, nitrogen 50-60kg is on average executed in current our province orchard, phosphate fertilizer 35-50kg, potash fertilizer 40-70kg, and the consumption of the apple advantage producing region such as Zhaoyuan City, Qixia n p k fertilizer is all at more than 70kg.Than actual needs more than 50-100%.And fertilizer to distribute period also unreasonable, theory should before and after picking fruit, the flower bud germination phase in spring, point three fertilisings after fruit bagging, in fact most peasant household only applies fertilizer 1-2 time, and a point orchard of applying fertilizer for three times only accounts for 35%.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is overall less than 15%, and soil pH is second time overall survey of soil entire lowering in period 1 unit comparatively, and soil available phosphorus content improves 7-10 doubly, quick-acting potassium content improves more than 1 times, orchard scurf, the bitter pit incidence of disease significantly improve, and soil compaction, workability of soil is obviously deteriorated.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to that fertilising consumption for above-mentioned existence is inaccurate, the irrational problem of fertilization time and a kind of apple tree n p k fertilizer in full bearing period application process is provided; only need nutrient test data, target output, tree vigo(u)r situation etc.; the consumption of n p k fertilizer, a complete set of fertilizing systems scheme such as ratio and split application period, method can be obtained; utilize method of the present invention, can realize saving chemical fertilizer, raise productivity and improve the quality, the multiple benefits such as culture fertility, protection of the environment.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of apple tree n p k fertilizer in full bearing period application process, is characterized in that, recommend consumption and split application scheme according to target output, soil nutrient status and tree vigo(u)r parameter determination n p k fertilizer anniversary, specific as follows:
(1) nitrogen fertilizer recommendation consumption: N=(Y × 12+ (10-OM) × 0.6) × C.In formula, N: every mu apple orchard nitrogen fertilizer amount (kg/ mu); Y: every mu apple orchard target output (ton/mu); OM: soil organic matter content (g/kg) test value; C: tree vigo(u)r adjustment factor, Wang Shu gets 0.9, and golden mean of the Confucian school tree gets 1.0, and weak tree gets 1.1.
The scheme of split application, will according to tree vigo(u)r parameter according to following scheme divide gather after, flower bud germination phase, fruit expanding period use for three times, the consumption of each nitrogenous fertilizer material is respectively the product of anniversary fertilization recommendation consumption and this nitrogenous fertilizer material allocation proportion, and allocation proportion form is as follows:
Further, consumption and split application scheme are recommended for the phosphate fertilizer anniversary, specific as follows:
Consumption recommended by phosphate fertilizer: when soil available phosphorus content is lower than 60mg/kg, P=Y × 3.2+Y × 3.2 (60-P
s)/30; When soil available phosphorus content is between 60-100mg/kg, P=Y × 1.6+Y × 1.6 (100-P
s)/40; When soil available phosphorus content is greater than 100mg/kg, P=Y × 1.6; In formula, P: every mu apple orchard Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates (kg/ mu); Y: every mu apple orchard target output (ton/mu); P
s: soil available phosphorus content measuring value (mg/kg); The scheme of split application, will according to tree vigo(u)r parameter according to following scheme divide gather after, flower bud germination phase, fruit expanding period use for three times, the consumption of each phosphatic manure is respectively the product of anniversary fertilization recommendation consumption and this phosphatic manure allocation proportion, and allocation proportion form is as follows:
Further, consumption and split application scheme are recommended for the potash fertilizer anniversary, specific as follows:
Consumption recommended by potash fertilizer: when Soil Available potassium content is lower than 200mg/kg, K=Y × 6.4+Y × 4.8 (200-K
s)/100); When Soil Available potassium content is in 200-300mg/kg, K=Y × 3.2+Y × 3.2 (300-K
s)/100; When Soil Available potassium content is greater than 300mg/kg, K=Y × 3.2; In formula, K: every mu apple orchard Potassium Fertilizer (kg/ mu); Y: every mu apple orchard target output (ton/mu); K
s: soil available nitrogen content measuring value (mg/kg); The scheme of split application, will according to tree vigo(u)r parameter according to following scheme divide gather after, flower bud germination phase, fruit expanding period use for three times, the consumption of each potassic fertilizer is respectively the product of anniversary fertilization recommendation consumption and this potassic fertilizer allocation proportion, and allocation proportion form is as follows:
Target output of the present invention is 110% of nearly 2 years maximum outputs or nearly 2 annual output.
Fertilizer amount involved in the present invention refers to pure N, P respectively
2o
5, K
2o, concrete fertilizer amount in kind need be converted according to its nutrient content.
Soil nutrient status of the present invention, is specifically determined as: in target orchard, determine 10-15 sampling point according to " S " type method of layouting, 10-30 centimetre near the tree crown vertical projecting line that each sampling point is all positioned at nearest fruit tree, sampling depth 40 centimetres; Gather soil sample 1.5-2.5kg altogether, in field, quartering leaves and takes 1kg, with standard method indoor measurement soil sample organic matter, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content.
Concrete application process of the present invention is: using by side, by determining that consumption weighs up, each npk fertilizer being weighed up mixing, ring-type is excavated or radial furrow is used near tree crown vertical projecting line, fertilization depth 30-40cm, meets arid situation spring and will coordinate and water, depth of wetted soil 40-50 centimetre.
Apple tree n p k fertilizer in full bearing period application process of the present invention, detailed step is as follows:
A, orchard nutrient measure: in target orchard, determine 10-15 sampling point according to " S " type method of layouting, 10-30 centimetre near the tree crown vertical projecting line that each sampling point is all positioned at nearest fruit tree, sampling depth 40 centimetres, gather soil sample 1.5-2.5kg altogether, in field, quartering leaves and takes 1kg, with standard method indoor measurement soil sample organic matter, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content;
B, recommend consumption and split application scheme according to the parameter determination n p k fertilizer anniversary such as target output, soil nutrient status and tree vigo(u)r:
(1) nitrogen fertilizer recommendation consumption: N=(Y × 12+ (10-OM) × 0.6) × C.In formula, N: every mu apple orchard nitrogen fertilizer amount (kg/ mu); Y: every mu apple orchard target output (ton/mu); OM: soil organic matter content (g/kg) test value; C: tree vigo(u)r adjustment factor, Wang Shu gets 0.9, and golden mean of the Confucian school tree gets 1.0, and weak tree gets 1.1;
(2) consumption recommended by phosphate fertilizer: when soil available phosphorus content is lower than 60mg/kg, P=Y × 3.2+Y × 3.2 (60-P
s)/30; When soil available phosphorus content is between 60-100mg/kg, P=Y × 1.6+Y × 1.6 (100-P
s)/40; When soil available phosphorus content is greater than 100mg/kg, P=Y × 1.6; In formula, P: every mu apple orchard Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates (kg/ mu); Y: every mu apple orchard target output (ton/mu); P
s: soil available phosphorus content measuring value (mg/kg);
(3) consumption recommended by potash fertilizer: when Soil Available potassium content is lower than 200mg/kg, K=Y × 6.4+Y × 4.8 (200-K
s)/100); When Soil Available potassium content is in 200-300mg/kg, K=Y × 3.2+Y × 3.2 (300-K
s)/100; When Soil Available potassium content is greater than 300mg/kg, K=Y × 3.2; In formula, K: every mu apple orchard Potassium Fertilizer (kg/ mu); Y: every mu apple orchard target output (ton/mu); K
s: soil available nitrogen content measuring value (mg/kg);
Target output of the present invention is 110% of nearly 2 years maximum outputs or nearly 2 annual output; Fertilizer amount refers to pure N, P respectively
2o
5, K
2o, concrete fertilizer amount in kind need be converted according to its nutrient content;
(4), according to the anniversary fertilizing amount that step (3) calculates, will according to tree vigo(u)r parameter according to following scheme divide gather after, flower bud germination phase, fruit expanding period use for three times, the consumption of each N,P,K fertilizers is respectively the product of anniversary fertilizing amount and this N,P,K fertilizers allocation proportion, and allocation proportion form is as follows:
C, peasant household use by side.Each npk fertilizer is weighed up mixing, after determining that consumption weighs up mixing according to step 2, near tree crown vertical projecting line, excavate ring-type or radial furrow is used, fertilization depth 30-40cm, meet arid situation spring will coordinate and water, depth of wetted soil 40-50 centimetre.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention is compared with current common technology, have the following advantages: one is considered balance fertilizing theory, fruit tree fertilizer effect and anniversary nutrient requirement dynamic law, integration objective output, soil supplying nutrient capability, rationally determine optimum amount and the ratio of n p k fertilizer.Two be foster and apply fertilizer orchard, to cultivate strong tree, year after year high yield be long-term goal, according to fruit tree growing way, to nitrogen fertilizer amount, distribute and suitably regulate.In a word, apply technology of the present invention, can chemical fertilizer be saved, coordinated balance soil nutrient, prevent soil acidification and the excessive enrichment of nutrient, preserve the ecological environment, can physiological disease be alleviated again, improve nutrient quality.
The experiment and demonstration of multiple spot proved in recent years, adopt fertilizing method of the present invention, compared with traditional fertilization method, on average can save chemical fertilizer about 150 yuan, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency improve 9.2 and 7 percentage points respectively, fruit volume increase more than 5%, bitter pit incidence of disease drop by half, one-level fruit rate improves 5-10%, every mu of synergy more than 500 yuan.Simultaneously soil nutrient is coordinated more, and the orchard degenerations such as soil eutrophication and acidifying are repaired, and alleviate fertilizer drip washing and runoff loss to the pollution of water body, orchard environment obviously improves.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
Autumn in 2012, in Yulin shop town, Mouping District, Yantai, Shandong, Mo Wangge village village has arranged this fertilizer practice comparative trial.Plot is gentle slope, hills, area 5.2 mu.Soil types is brown earth.Apple variety is Nagafu No.2, the age of tree 12 years, and density is every mu of 48 strains, per mu yield 3700 kilograms in 2010, per mu yield 3950 kilograms in 2011.Test and come into effect in October, 2012, if two process: (1) fertilization recommendation method of the present invention, area 2 mu; (2) peasant household's traditional fertilization method, area 3.2 mu.Duration of test is except fertilizing method difference, and other control measures are identical.The concrete fertilizing method of two methods is as follows:
(1) fertilization recommendation method of the present invention:
1) soil nutrient status.After measured, this plot soil organic matter is 14.3g/kg, available phosphorus 110.4mg/kg, available potassium 210mg/kg.
2) determination of target output and tree vigo(u)r parameter.Per mu yield 3700kg in 2010, per mu yield 3950kg in 2011.Target output Y=(3700+3950) ÷ 2 × 110%=4208kg=4.2 ton. this garden spring and summer tree vigo(u)r in 2012 is more prosperous, and tree vigo(u)r adjustment factor c gets 0.9;
3) the n p k fertilizer anniversary recommends the determination of consumption.Soil nutrient result, target output, tree vigo(u)r parameter are substituted into corresponding fertilizer recommended models:
Nitrogen fertilizer recommendation amount N=(4.2 × 12+ (10-14.3) × 0.6) × 0.9=43.04kg.The amount being converted into urea is 93.6kg.
The amount that phosphate fertilizer recommended amounts P=4.2 × 1.6=6.72kg is converted into superphosphate is 44.8kg.
Potash fertilizer recommended amounts K=4.2 × 3.2+4.2 × 3.2 (300-210)/100=17.22kg.The amount being converted into potassium sulfate is 35.87kg.
4) apply fertilizer
After on October 28th, 2012 apple-picking, 60% nitrogenous fertilizer, 60% phosphate fertilizer, 30% potash fertilizer are excavated annular groove and uses near tree crown vertical projecting line, fertilization depth 40cm.On April 12nd, 2013 imposes rudiment fertilizer, 20% nitrogenous fertilizer, 20% phosphate fertilizer, 30% potash fertilizer is excavated radial furrow and uses near tree crown vertical projecting line, fertilization depth 30cm.On July 28th, 2013 imposes Fruit fertilizer, and 20% nitrogenous fertilizer, 20% phosphate fertilizer, 40% potash fertilizer are excavated radial furrow and uses near tree crown vertical projecting line, and ditching position and the fertile application position of rudiment last time stagger, fertilization depth 30cm.
(2) peasant household's traditional fertilization method
Traditional fertilization method is use 16-10-19 Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 200kg on October 28th, 2012, and two ammonium 50kg, excavate annular groove and use near tree crown vertical projecting line, fertilization depth 40cm.Topdress and to carry out on May 30th, 2013, mu chases after 16-8-22 Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 200kg.Fertilization mode is that tree dish spreads fertilizer over the fields, and draws hoe 7-10cm soil layer.Accumulative N, P
2o
5, K
2o consumption is respectively 73kg, 59kg, 82kg.
The program implements 2 years continuously.Surveying product result is, 2013 annual fertilizing method per mu yield apple 4300kg of the present invention, one-level fruit rate 36%, the bitter pit incidence of disease 6%, compared with traditional fertilization method, save nitrogenous fertilizer 29.9kg, phosphate fertilizer 52.3kg, potash fertilizer 64.8kg, volume increase 210kg, one-level fruit rate improves 7 percentage points, and the bitter pit incidence of disease reduces by 4 percentage points.Cost-saving synergistic more than 1700 yuan altogether.2014 annual fertilizing method per mu yield apple 4420kg of the present invention, one-level fruit rate 39%, the bitter pit incidence of disease 4.5%, compared with traditional fertilization method, volume increase 358kg, one-level fruit rate improves 9 percentage points, the bitter pit incidence of disease reduces by 7 percentage points, altogether cost-saving synergistic more than 2200 yuan.The physical behavior such as the workability of soil, unit weight is obviously improved.
Claims (8)
1. apple tree n p k fertilizer in a full bearing period application process, is characterized in that, recommends consumption and split application scheme according to target output, soil nutrient status and tree vigo(u)r parameter determination n p k fertilizer anniversary, specific as follows:
Nitrogen fertilizer recommendation consumption: N=(Y × 12+ (10-OM) × 0.6) × C.In formula, N: every mu apple orchard nitrogen fertilizer amount (kg/ mu); Y: every mu apple orchard target output (ton/mu); OM: soil organic matter content (g/kg) test value; C: tree vigo(u)r adjustment factor, Wang Shu gets 0.9, and golden mean of the Confucian school tree gets 1.0, and weak tree gets 1.1;
The scheme of split application, will according to tree vigo(u)r parameter according to following scheme divide gather after, flower bud germination phase, fruit expanding period use for three times, the consumption of each nitrogenous fertilizer material is respectively the product of anniversary fertilization recommendation consumption and this nitrogenous fertilizer material allocation proportion, and allocation proportion form is as follows:
2. apple tree n p k fertilizer in full bearing period application process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, recommends consumption and split application scheme for the phosphate fertilizer anniversary, specific as follows:
Consumption recommended by phosphate fertilizer: when soil available phosphorus content is lower than 60mg/kg, P=Y × 3.2+Y × 3.2 (60-P
s)/30; When soil available phosphorus content is between 60-100mg/kg, P=Y × 1.6+Y × 1.6 (100-P
s)/40; When soil available phosphorus content is greater than 100mg/kg, P=Y × 1.6; In formula, P: every mu apple orchard Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates (kg/ mu); Y: every mu apple orchard target output (ton/mu); P
s: soil available phosphorus content measuring value (mg/kg); The scheme of split application, will according to tree vigo(u)r parameter according to following scheme divide gather after, flower bud germination phase, fruit expanding period use for three times, the consumption of each phosphatic manure is respectively the product of anniversary fertilization recommendation consumption and this phosphatic manure allocation proportion, and allocation proportion form is as follows:
3. apple tree n p k fertilizer in full bearing period application process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, recommends consumption and split application scheme for the potash fertilizer anniversary, specific as follows:
Consumption recommended by potash fertilizer: when Soil Available potassium content is lower than 200mg/kg, K=Y × 6.4+Y × 4.8 (200-K
s)/100); When Soil Available potassium content is in 200-300mg/kg, K=Y × 3.2+Y × 3.2 (300-K
s)/100; When Soil Available potassium content is greater than 300mg/kg, K=Y × 3.2; In formula, K: every mu apple orchard Potassium Fertilizer (kg/ mu); Y: every mu apple orchard target output (ton/mu); K
s: soil available nitrogen content measuring value (mg/kg); The scheme of split application, will according to tree vigo(u)r parameter according to following scheme divide gather after, flower bud germination phase, fruit expanding period use for three times, the consumption of each potassic fertilizer is respectively the product of anniversary fertilization recommendation consumption and this potassic fertilizer allocation proportion, and allocation proportion form is as follows:
4. apple tree n p k fertilizer in full bearing period application process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described target output is 110% of nearly 2 years maximum outputs or nearly 2 annual output.
5. apple tree n p k fertilizer in full bearing period application process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, involved fertilizer amount refers to pure N, P respectively
2o
5, K
2o, concrete fertilizer amount in kind need be converted according to its nutrient content.
6. apple tree n p k fertilizer in full bearing period application process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described soil nutrient status, specifically be determined as: in target orchard, determine 10-15 sampling point according to " S " type method of layouting, 10-30 centimetre near the tree crown vertical projecting line that each sampling point is all positioned at nearest fruit tree, sampling depth 40 centimetres; Gather soil sample 1.5-2.5kg altogether, in field, quartering leaves and takes 1kg, with standard method indoor measurement soil sample organic matter, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content.
7. apple tree n p k fertilizer in full bearing period application process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, concrete application process is: use by side, by determining that consumption weighs up, each npk fertilizer is weighed up mixing, ring-type is excavated or radial furrow is used, fertilization depth 30-40cm near tree crown vertical projecting line.
8. apple tree n p k fertilizer in full bearing period application process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, concrete application process is: meet arid situation spring and will coordinate and water, depth of wetted soil 40-50 centimetre.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN108464097A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-31 | 洛阳众森农业有限公司 | A kind of apple dual control balanced fertilizing method |
| CN109180276A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-11 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | One kind is for Bohai Rim producing region best fruiting period apple tree fertilizer set meal and its method of administration and application |
| CN109523417A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-26 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of recommendation method of administration of wheat nitrogen chemical fertilizer |
| CN111837778A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-30 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Alternative-special-essence-reduction irrigation fertilization method for apple in each growth stage |
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| CN109180276A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-11 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | One kind is for Bohai Rim producing region best fruiting period apple tree fertilizer set meal and its method of administration and application |
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| CN111837778A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-30 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Alternative-special-essence-reduction irrigation fertilization method for apple in each growth stage |
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|---|---|
| CN104350855B (en) | 2015-06-10 |
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