CN104342934A - High-performance carbon fiber nanocomposite material and application thereof - Google Patents
High-performance carbon fiber nanocomposite material and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104342934A CN104342934A CN201310340593.1A CN201310340593A CN104342934A CN 104342934 A CN104342934 A CN 104342934A CN 201310340593 A CN201310340593 A CN 201310340593A CN 104342934 A CN104342934 A CN 104342934A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-performance carbon fiber nanocomposite material and an application thereof; fabrics and the three-dimensional composite material are manufactured through unique spreading and warping processes on an axial three-dimensional loom, and the mechanical properties in the thickness direction of the composite material are significantly improved; due to the structural integrity, under the action of the tensile force in the thickness direction and the vertical shear force in the thickness direction, the composite material has quite good mechanical elasticity, solves crack generation and other problems, and plays a significant promoting role in development of the carbon fiber composite material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-performance carbon fibre nano composite material and application thereof.
Background technology
The history identity of human development, material is human survival and development, the material base that conquers nature.Also be the mainstay of human society modern civilization.The mankind experienced by with after stone implement, bronze ware, Iron Age Stone Age that is representative, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, and having stepped into new material is the networked information era of representative.The discovery of each important new material and application, all arrange natural ability the mankind and improve a new level.The important breakthrough each time of material science and technology, all can cause the revolution of production technology, greatly accelerates the process of social development, and brings huge change to the life of social production and people.
Material generally can be divided into the large class of inorganic material (comprising cement, brick and tile, pottery, glass etc.), metal material, macromolecular material (comprising fiber, rubber, plastics etc.) and composite four.Composite is the new material of a few class different materials such as organic high-grade, inorganic non-metallic or metal by combination process, and it can retain the important feature of former composition material, obtains the performance not available for stock blend again by complex effect.The performance of each component can also be complemented each other by material improvement and associated with each other, thus obtain new superior function.
The material of what composite was development of modern scientific technology and emerged have powerful vitality, it is the new material of method through being manually compounded to form by two kinds or two or more heterogeneous, special-shaped, different in nature material physics and chemistry, is generally made up of matrix constituent element and reinforcement or function constituent element.Composite can through improving, namely by raw-material selection, the guarantee etc. of each component distribution design and process conditions, makes stock blend material somewhat complementary, thus manifest outstanding comprehensive.
Composite can be different by purposes, are divided into structural composite material and the large class of functional composite material two.To be there is the situation that structure composite and functional composite material are laid equal stress in future, and functional composite material has more the advantage of competing with other functional material.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly that provide a kind of high-performance carbon fibre nano composite material and application thereof, this material has the feature of high-modulus, high strength in order to solve the problem.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Nanoreinforcement material is joined containing adhesive (adhesive) or fiber spreading mass (fiber sizing, fiber sizing agent) or its combination liquid solution in, then be poured on the fiber (carbon fiber) that is made, the carbon fibre tow comprising nanoreinforcement material can be processed, with thermosetting resin dipping, thus to form sandwich;
Spreading mass (sizing) is neutral finishing agent, and the present invention selects epoxy resin (it uses when pressing sheet material), and it protects fiber and is used as the interface of composite resin system in further process;
Sizing agent (spreading mass): carbon fiber is frangible, therefore, the present invention adds some protection or lubricants when it processes, and it is not formed any residual on process equipment;
Consider compatibility, the present invention uses epoxy preparation (epoxy formulation) to use together with epoxy resin, and preferred slurry chemistry or physical property in the processing procedure of sized fiber do not change;
Nanoreinforcement material is mixed in liquid, described liquid comprises adhesive, spreading mass or its solution combined in a solvent, nanoreinforcement material can be used with random orientation or orderly orientation, when nanoreinforcement material is used in an orderly manner, can realize with various ways, the present invention's mobile tow method (moving tow), carbon fibre tow, through nozzle, carrys out combing with the feeder and pressing plate having groove;
Tow spool is launched, become expansion tow, nanoreinforcement material feeder is placed in the top of tow spreader, with by all for nanoreinforcement material required expansion tow, after nanoreinforcement material being applied on expansion tow, the fiber applied is made to pass through heater, this heater can be infrared heater, baking box type warm-up mill, then can make to have applied and the fiber heated by one group of pressure roller, and use little aperture apparatus that it is become tow again, then can the tow after merging be rewound on spool;
The nanometer fortifying fibre tow made is molded as high strength composite for structural applications by the present invention.
As described herein, epoxy resin, generally refer to the macromolecular compound at least containing two epoxy radicals, epoxy resin thermosetting resin, it can carry out with curing agent the solidfied material that cross-linking reaction generates different performance, and with extensive stock form (as reinforced plastics, coating, moulding material, adhesive material, sealant etc.) supply market.There is in epoxy molecule structure the aliphatic hydroxyl of pole, ehter bond and the epoxy radicals of ripple of very living, therefore to polar material, there is efficient bonding force, and there is the advantages such as good chemical proofing, electrical insulating property and shrinkage factor be tricky.Therefore, in the base-material of synthetic adhesive, no matter be in performance and kind, or output and purposes aspect, epoxy resin all occupies very important status.
The advantage of epoxy resin: the large molecular end of epoxy resin is epoxy radicals, has hydroxyl and ehter bond in the middle of chain, and also can continue in the curing process to produce hydroxyl and ehter bond, and containing phenyl ring or heterocycle in structure, these structures shape T epoxy resin have the following advantage.Four cohesive forces are large, and strong fat of gluing can produce gravitation with adjacent interfaces.Epoxy radicals can react with the free key in medium inner feelings face, becomes chemical bond, so epoxy resin is firm strong especially with joint efforts.After epoxy resin cure, cohesive force is large.Epoxy radicals can also be bent surface with gold under certain condition and be formed chemical bonds simultaneously, because very high gluing intensity is revealed in inner feelings, shear strength can reach 65MPa, peel strength is 5KN/m, it is to most of material, as timber, metal, glass, plastics, rubber, leather, pottery, fiber etc. have good cement properties.
The present invention relates to open axis through compiling stereo fabric and manufacture method thereof.
The present invention relates to use nanoreinforcement material to for composite fortifying fibre and special axially make composite through compiling stereo fabric.Significantly improve the mechanical property in thickness of composite material direction, due to the globality of their structure, under the shearing force effect that the pulling force of thickness direction is vertical with thickness direction, there is good mechanical elastic degree, solve problems such as producing crack, the development for carbon fibre composite plays great facilitation.
Axial tricot fabric is the braided fabric of the class uniqueness that the warp knitting machine being lining into system by weft yarn is produced, this kind fabric main feature is: fabric vertical and horizontal and obliquely can be lining into yarn, and these yarns can serve as a contrast in a desired direction according to instructions for use stretched straight parallel, therefore this kind fabric becomes orientation texture (dinectionnally orientated structure is called for short D.O.S).Longitudinal yarn that is lining into is called laying-in yarn, and being laterally lining into yarn is called stuffer weft, and the be lining into yarn angled with laying-in is called oblique lining yarn, and the use of these lining yarns, improves the structural behaviour of fabric, expand the scope of application of textile.
The present invention makes unique axis fabric (multiaxial warp knitting is called for short MWK).By selecting suitable plane No. and designing certain tissue and rule of entrying, can compact texture be formed, the present invention relates to the fabric with cell structure.This orientation texture can also be woven in together with non-woven film and fiber web etc. simultaneously, forms composite warp knitted composite stereo fabric.
Weaving method of the present invention:
Equipment: Mai Kesi bunch Buddhist nun gram multiple-axial warp knitting machine;
Plane No.: E5; E6;
Working width: 170 inches;
Sley bar/loop-forming element;
Compound needle needle-bar, nook closing member bed, knock-over sinker, block cloth pin needle-bar, work are combed ground (lopping), baffle plate pin/laying-in comb.
Through bracing strut
2 through shaft position, maximum available disk diameter is the segmentation warp beam of 813mm;
KAMCOS(Ka Er Meyer control system)
Touch-screen/operation interface, kinetic control system is for controlling mair motor, Yarn feed device and fabric traction, and continuously to modular functionality unit, paving latitude system (SES), weft yarn transmission chain (STK), the feeding unit of other raw material, realizes the Ethernet interface of network work, workshop data acquisition system.
Let-off motion
Eachly be equipped with a set of electronic letting-off device through shaft position;
Laying-in yarn feeding unit
2 are transmitted roller;
Flower pattern drive unit
Adopt the N-type driving mechanism of floral disc;
Paving latitude system
Normal structure: 2 layers 45 °, can carry out parallel or intersection paving latitude between weft layers, a weft layers is positioned at 90 ° of positions, can lay at most 4 layers of weft yarn.
Fabric traction device
Electronic Control, 3 roller pulling devices.
Electronic equipment
Speed governing mair motor, power-off protection, slow-speed drive function can carry out speed adjustment, and total connection load is 35 kilovolt-amperes.
Batching apparatus
Standard: the batching apparatus of Pneumatic pressure roller, maximumly batches diameter 1200mm, torque and/or Synchronization Control, maximumly batches weight 4 tons, and other batching apparatus can according to plant structure and particular/special requirement configuration.
Fuel feeding: realize circulation by ground pump and filter.
Present invention process flow process:
Raw yarn → exhibition fibre → warping → weave → arrange
Raw yarn: the nanometer that precursor is made strengthens carbon fiber reinforce plastic, is called for short " front fibre ";
Exhibition is fine: the coiling mode of front fibre makes the unified cylinder yarn meeting weaving process and require;
Warping: by the radical required for weaving and length, by cone yarn with uniform tension force close wind in warp beam, for axially weaving, belong to through compiling the preparatory process produced, with closely related through compiling product quality;
Woven task be through through preparatory process processing process warp thread by warp knitting machine according to fabric specification requirement, be woven into fabric according to certain technological design, the Yield and quality of weaving process and trumpet directly affect the economic benefit of enterprise.
Arrange: for axial stereo fabric, Final finishing can improve practicality and performance indications, and profit and high added value realize often through Final finishing.At present, functional material is growing in the world, and functional topical finishing technology is applied in textile finishing just more and more.
Invention is implemented:
1, finished product indulges density is 21cpc;
2, horizontal close: 15npc;
3, grey cloth door width specification 153cm;
4 and rotating speed be 1600r/min;
5, operating efficiency is: 95%;
6, CBI and CB2 uses raw material specification to be 83.3dtex36f carbon fiber;
7, the warp run-in of two sley bars is calculated, to density and warping technology.
7.1 warp run-ins: rule of thumb, on this fabric, machine tractive density is 20cpc, according to computing formula:
The warp run-in of GB1: R1=(1.43d+2s+2T) × 48=1696mm/rack
The warp run-in of GB2: R2=(1.43d+2s+T) × 480=1259mm/rack
7.2 fabrics are to density
7.3 warping technology
According to door width, the pin number N=W100P required for a width fabric
a=1.53 × 100=2295(root)
The pin number that the machine that machine fabric width is 170 has:
28×170=4760，
And the segmentation warp beam of one root warp beam adds up to 8, GB1 warping radical and is:
N=Ny1/q=2295 × 2 × 1/8 ≈ 574.
Completely wear owing to being, GB2 warping radical is same as GB1.
Working needle number on machine is modified to
574 × 8=4592 root
Raw material:
A:8.3tex (75 dawn) 36f carbon fiber 100%
Warping:
GB1:8×574A；
GB2:8×574A；
Pad yarn tissue:
GB1:1-0/2-3∥
GB2:1-2/1-0∥
Pass:
GB1:2A；
GB2：2A；
Warp run-in:
GB1:2×1696mm/rack
GB2:2×1259mm/rack
Rear entirety: according to different demand, various process can be carried out, to reach instructions for use.
The present invention uses the epoxy resin solution with front fine tool Lip river, molding type, extruding, oven dry.
The performance of fibre reinforced composites:
In fibre reinforced composites; basic effect is bonding for the fiber in more homodisperse matrix one-tenth entirety; protect interfibrous relative position; fiber can be acted synergistically; protection fiber reduces the adverse effect of environment from chemical attack and mechanical damage etc.; transmit and bear shear stress, bear in the direction perpendicular to fiber draw, compression etc.
The effect of fibre reinforced matrix, in the scope of volume fraction shared by certain rational fiber, with the volume fraction V of composite fiber
fbe directly proportional.V
ftoo I does not have enhancing effect yet, and fiber just ruptures in a large number when matrix strain is slightly large, causes a lot of defect in the base.Scope makes intensity decline, and is worthless.Otherwise, V
fnot easy to operate in too large technique again, hesitate between fiber and matrix bonding variation, defect increases, boundary strength declines, and in the composite, the volume fraction of fragile fibre increases, the volume dispersion of tough matrix reduces, the toughness of composite can be made to reduce, and the hydraulic performance decline of shock resistance and fracture, does not reach good effect.
The intensity of composite is high, and rigidity is large: the intensity of unit mass becomes specific strength, and the modulus of unit mass becomes specific modulus, and they are a kind of indexs weighing material bearing capacity and stiffness characteristics under the prerequisite that quality is equal.The specific strength of material is high, and specific modulus is large, means and can be made into the performance structure that well quality is light again.
Anti-fatigue performance is good: (1) fatigue rupture is material under volume load action, due to formation and the expansion of crackle, and the low stress damage caused.(2) fatigue properties of fibre reinforced composites when machine direction tension are always much better than metal, and its matrix becomes larger toughness material after fracture.In the base with after solidification on cross section, often defectiveness and crackle exist, cross section between fiber and matrix usually can stop the expanded type of crackle to change the direction of multiple Crack Extension, therefore its fatigue rupture is always from the weak link of fiber type matrix, progressively expand on faying face, lose more and size is larger, obvious omen is had before destruction, can Timeliness coverage and taking measures.
Breach security can be good: in fiber reinforcement composite material, due to the operation of matrix, same at the strain matrix phase along fiber.The fiber ruptured is due to the result of matrix transmission stress, except incision position does not play operation near fracture except a bit of portions educe effect, all the other most fibers still play a role, the adjacent fibres of the fiber Zhou Yuan ruptured, except making stress locally bearing some stress transmitted by matrix by broken fiber more and slightly raising, each fiber is macroscopically almost stressed on an equal basis.Between each fiber, the degree of irregularity of stress greatly reduces, and mean stress is much higher than the mean stress not having the fiber of matrix, thus increases mean strain.Like this, the fracture of individuals fibers would not cause chain reaction and catastrophicly sharply to destroy, thus fail safety performance is better.
Damping capacity is good: the polymeric matrix of fibre reinforced composites has viscoelasticity.Have micro-crack and take off glutinous place in the base with on interface, also there is this frictional force, in vibration processes, viscoelasticity and frictional force make the kinetic energy consume of a part be heat energy, and therefore, its damping ratio steel and aluminium alloy greatly, can also make damping increase according to measure.The reason of Here it is fibre reinforced composites damping property.
Heat stability is good: the structure member of (1) fibre reinforced composites and product, under the environment of significantly variations in temperature, there is very little thermal deformation, the such as composite of graphite fibre kevlaw fiber, has the thermal coefficient of expansion of the very little and negative value of numerical value in machine direction.(2) this valuable characteristic is through rationally laying, can design linear expansion coefficient be zero, for close to zero parts.
Weak point on composite property: breaking strain when (1) most of fortifying fibre stretches is very little, so fibre reinforced composites are fragile materials.Be like this along machine direction, perpendicular to machine direction especially like this, its breaking strain is more much smaller than metal, and this is larger shortcoming.Fibre reinforced composites show as elasticity on strength and extension property, and its inhomogeneities forms its high-octane absorption characteristic.(2) laminated composite materials layer to shear strength and layer very low to TENSILE STRENGTH, this is just becoming its fatal light current, and layer is quite low to trimming modulus, causes some problem, brings adverse consequences.(3) fibre reinforced composites generally have very strong directionality, such as along machine direction, there is maximum TENSILE STRENGTH and modulus, along other direction, there is lower strength and modulus, perpendicular to machine direction, there is minimum strength and modulus, other physical property and mechanical performance such as thermal coefficient of expansion, heat trnasfer and impact property etc. also have analogue, due to the difference of all directions performance, the structure of fibre reinforced composites is improved difficult some more.
Fibre reinforced composites application in the automotive industry: the alternative stage being still in automobile component at present, comprise in-built gadget, external ornament and functional structure part, in-built gadget is with handsome in appearance, and color comfort level and the soft safety of use are feature, adopt enhancing thermoplastic composite more; External decoration comprises hood, bumper, roof, mud guard etc., is the main application component on automobile; Functional structure often has superior performance requirement, as leaf spring, power transmission shaft and fuel tank etc.The object mainly reaching weight reduction applied by current composite on automobile, simultaneously also improving SNR, improve fatigue life and Corrosion Protection, reduce noise etc., because fibre reinforced materials also has unique high damping properties, can absorbing vibrational energy preferably, reduce the impact on adjacent members simultaneously, therefore, noise and vibration can be reduced for automobile, improve its comfortableness.
Carbon fiber refers to the carbon fiber of phosphorus content about 95% in fiber and the graphite fibre of carbon containing about 90%, carbon fiber is according to the difference of raw material and the mode of production, main component is according to acrylonitrile (PAN), carbon fiber is the main reinforcing agent of carbon fibre composite, excellent combination property, has specific strength high, and this modulus is high, light weight, the advantages such as endurance, wear-resistant, heat-resisting, corrosion-resistant and thermal coefficient of expansion are comparatively suitable for, its principal character and application as follows:
1, specific strength and specific modulus large
Due to carbon fiber, to have specific strength and specific modulus large, and therefore, the specific strength using it as the load material of reinforcing agent is more than 7 times of the specific strength of most metal, and its specific modulus is more than 5 times of metal.So various types of carbon fiber has been widely used in aerospace industries, auto industry, mechanical industry, even sports equipment aspect.
2, thermal coefficient of expansion is little
The carbon fiber thermal coefficient of expansion is almost negative value when room temperature, is zero and does not expand when temperature is 200-400 degree Celsius, and when being less than 1000 degrees Celsius, its low-expansion coefficient is 1.5 × 10
-6c is the ideal material of space flight, aviation, standard measure tool.
3, anti-wear performance is good
Not loss when carbon fiber and metal pair grind.Research shows, carbon fibre reinforcement has good restorability, and under high temperature and high sliding speed, has higher coefficient of friction and low wear rate, and wear resistance is good, and particularly self-lubricating property is good, for there being good cost performance in friction material.
4, fatigue strength is large
Carbon fiber structural is stablized, and after making composite, after 1,000,000 cycling fatigue experiments, its strength retention ratio can reach 60%, and steel are 40%, and aluminium is 30%.By contrast, carbon fiber is the ideal material of aircraft industry.
5, good heat conductivity
Generally inorganic, organic material heat conductivility is all poor, but the hot greatly of carbon fiber close to iron and steel, can improve the heat transfer efficiency between difformity material interface, and this characteristic has been used in solar thermal collector material, and conduct heat uniform heat conduction shell material.
6, resistance to elevated temperatures is good
Carbon fiber is highly stable lower than performance when 400 degrees Celsius, and being arranged at 1000 degrees Celsius of fashion can remain unchanged, and the high temperature resistant composite made need depend on the heat resistance of matrix, and the resistance to hot basal body used at present mostly is ceramic base, carbon back, Metal Substrate etc.The long-term resistance to elevated temperatures of Polymers can reach 300 degrees centigrade.But there is no the resin matrix that can match with carbon fiber reinforcement in resistance to elevated temperatures up to now, carbon fibre composite is widely used in aerospace industries.
7, lightweight
The weight of same volume is about 1/5th of steel.
8, resistance to chemical corrosion is excellent
Carbon is one of the most stable element, and carbon fiber, except Strong oxdiative performance, almost all has excellent corrosion resistance to general acid & alkali liquid, organic chemical.
Carbon fiber due to rigidity large, more crisp.Application is few separately at present, usually be processed into semi-finished product or do reinforcing material, carbon fibre composite is a kind of high strength composite, form primarily of the carbon fiber as reinforcing material and the thermosetting resin as matrix, in lightweighting materials, have higher specific strength, specific rigidity, light weight effect is fairly obvious.First be used widely at aerospace field, also extensively adopt in exercise and sports goods in recent years, be applied in body structure, alleviate mass effect particularly evident, lighter than ferrous materials by 50%, lighter than aluminium by 30%, therefore obtain domestic and international Ge great motor corporation extensive concern.Along with the development of Industry of Carbon Fiber, price constantly declines, expansion is also opened up new Application Areas by carbon fibre composite within the year, the fields such as civil engineering, communications and transportation, automobile, the energy will adopt carbon fiber on a large scale, and it will cause one to have far-reaching material revolution in the extensive use of each industrial department.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: the exhibition that the present invention is unique is fine, warping technology manufactures fabric and three-dimensional composite on axial three-dimensional loom, significantly improve the mechanical property in thickness of composite material direction, due to the globality of their structure, under the shearing force effect that the pulling force of thickness direction is vertical with thickness direction, there is good mechanical elastic degree, solve problems such as producing crack, the development for carbon fibre composite plays great facilitation.
Detailed description of the invention
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, setting forth the present invention further.
Nanoreinforcement material is joined containing solvent, adhesive (adhesive) or fiber spreading mass (fiber sizing, fiber sizing agent) or its combination liquid solution in, then be poured on the fiber (carbon fiber) that is made, the carbon fibre tow comprising nanoreinforcement material can be processed, with thermosetting resin dipping, thus to form sandwich;
Spreading mass (sizing) is neutral finishing agent, and the present invention selects epoxy resin, and it protects fiber and is used as the interface of composite resin system in further process;
Sizing agent (spreading mass): carbon fiber is frangible, therefore, the present invention adds some protection or lubricants when it processes, and it is not formed any residual on process equipment;
Consider compatibility, the present invention uses epoxy preparation (epoxy formulation) to use together with epoxy resin, and preferred slurry chemistry or physical property in the storing process of sized fiber do not change;
Nanoreinforcement material is mixed in liquid, described liquid comprises adhesive, spreading mass or its solution combined in a solvent, nanoreinforcement material can be used with random orientation or orderly orientation, when nanoreinforcement material is used in an orderly manner, can realize with various ways, the present invention's mobile tow method (moving tow), carbon fibre tow, through special nozzle, carrys out combing with the feeder and pressing plate having groove;
Tow spool is launched, become expansion tow, nanoreinforcement material feeder is placed in the top of tow spreader, with by all for nanoreinforcement material required expansion tow, after nanoreinforcement material being applied on expansion tow, the fiber applied is made to pass through heater, this heater can be infrared heater, baking box type warm-up mill, then can make to have applied and the fiber heated by one group of pressure roller, and use collimation differential aperture that it is become tow again, then can the tow after merging be rewound on spool;
The nanometer fortifying fibre tow made is molded as high strength composite for structural applications by the present invention.
As described herein, epoxy resin, generally refer to the macromolecular compound at least containing two epoxy radicals, epoxy resin thermosetting resin, it can carry out with curing agent the solidfied material that cross-linking reaction generates different performance, and with extensive stock form (as reinforced plastics, coating, moulding material, adhesive material, sealant etc.) supply market.There is in epoxy molecule structure the aliphatic hydroxyl of pole, ehter bond and the epoxy radicals of ripple of very living, therefore to polar material, there is efficient bonding force, and there is the advantages such as good chemical proofing, electrical insulating property and shrinkage factor be tricky.Therefore, in the base-material of synthetic adhesive, no matter be in performance and kind, or output and purposes aspect, epoxy resin all occupies very important status.
The advantage of epoxy resin: the large molecular end of epoxy resin is epoxy radicals, has hydroxyl and ehter bond in the middle of chain, and also can continue in the curing process to produce hydroxyl and ehter bond, and containing phenyl ring or heterocycle in structure, these structures shape T epoxy resin have the following advantage.Four cohesive forces are large, and strong fat of gluing can produce gravitation with adjacent interfaces.Epoxy radicals can react with the free key in medium inner feelings face, becomes chemical bond, so epoxy resin is firm strong especially with joint efforts.After epoxy resin cure, cohesive force is large.Epoxy radicals can also be bent surface with gold under certain condition and be formed chemical bonds simultaneously, because very high gluing intensity is revealed in inner feelings, shear strength can reach 65Pa, peel strength is 5KN/m, it is to most of material, as timber, metal, glass, plastics, rubber, leather, pottery, fiber etc. have good cement properties.
The present invention relates to open axis through compiling stereo fabric and manufacture method thereof.
The present invention relates to use nanoreinforcement material to for composite fortifying fibre and special axially make composite through compiling stereo fabric.Significantly improve the mechanical property in thickness of composite material direction, due to the globality of their structure, under the shearing force effect that the pulling force of thickness direction is vertical with thickness direction, there is good mechanical elastic degree, solve problems such as producing crack, the development for carbon fibre composite plays great facilitation.
Axial tricot fabric is the braided fabric of the class uniqueness that the warp knitting machine being lining into system by weft yarn is produced, this kind fabric main feature is: fabric vertical and horizontal and obliquely can be lining into yarn, and these yarns can serve as a contrast in a desired direction according to instructions for use stretched straight parallel, therefore this kind fabric becomes orientation texture (dinectionnally orientated structure is called for short D.O.S).Longitudinal yarn that is lining into is called laying-in yarn, and being laterally lining into yarn is called stuffer weft, and the be lining into yarn angled with laying-in is called oblique lining yarn, and the use of these lining yarns, improves the structural behaviour of fabric, expand the scope of application of textile.
The present invention makes unique axis fabric (multiaxial warp knitting is called for short MWK).By selecting suitable plane No. and designing certain tissue and rule of entrying, can compact texture be formed, the present invention relates to the fabric with cell structure.This orientation texture can also be woven in together with non-woven film and fiber web etc. simultaneously, forms composite warp knitted composite stereo fabric.
Weaving method of the present invention:
Equipment: Mai Kesi bunch Buddhist nun gram multiple-axial warp knitting machine;
Plane No.: E5; E6;
Working width: 170 inches;
Sley bar/loop-forming element;
Compound needle needle-bar, nook closing member bed, knock-over sinker, block cloth pin needle-bar, work are combed ground (lopping), baffle plate pin/laying-in comb.
Through bracing strut
2 through shaft position, maximum available disk diameter is the segmentation warp beam of 813mm;
KAMCOS(Ka Er Meyer control system)
Touch-screen/operation interface, kinetic control system is for controlling mair motor, Yarn feed device and fabric traction, and continuously to modular functionality unit, paving latitude system (SES), weft yarn transmission chain (STK), the feeding unit of other raw material, realizes the Ethernet interface of network work, workshop data acquisition system.
Let-off motion
Eachly be equipped with a set of electronic letting-off device through shaft position;
Laying-in yarn feeding unit
2 are transmitted roller;
Flower pattern drive unit
Adopt the N-type driving mechanism of floral disc;
Paving latitude system
Normal structure: 2 layers 45 °, can carry out parallel or intersection paving latitude between weft layers, a weft layers is positioned at 90 ° of positions, can lay at most 4 layers of weft yarn.
Fabric traction device
Electronic Control, 3 roller pulling devices.
Electronic equipment
Speed governing mair motor, power-off protection, slow-speed drive function can carry out speed adjustment, and total connection load is 35 kilovolt-amperes.
Batching apparatus
Standard: the batching apparatus of Pneumatic pressure roller, maximumly batches diameter 1200mm, torque and/or Synchronization Control, maximumly batches weight 4 tons, and other batching apparatus can according to plant structure and particular/special requirement configuration.
Fuel feeding: realize circulation by ground pump and filter.
Present invention process flow process:
Raw yarn → exhibition fibre → warping → weave → arrange
Raw yarn: the nanometer that precursor is made strengthens carbon fiber reinforce plastic, is called for short " front fibre ";
Exhibition is fine: the coiling mode of front fibre makes the unified cylinder yarn meeting weaving process and require;
Warping: by the radical required for weaving and length, by cone yarn with uniform tension force close wind in warp beam, for axially weaving, belong to through compiling the preparatory process produced, with closely related through compiling product quality;
Woven task be through through preparatory process processing process warp thread by warp knitting machine according to fabric specification requirement, be woven into fabric according to certain technological design, the Yield and quality of weaving process and trumpet directly affect the economic benefit of enterprise.
Arrange: for axial stereo fabric, Final finishing can improve practicality and performance indications, and profit and high added value realize often through Final finishing.At present, functional material is growing in the world, and functional topical finishing technology is applied in textile finishing just more and more.
Invention is implemented:
1, finished product indulges density is 21cpc;
2, horizontal close: 15npc;
3, grey cloth door width specification 153cm;
4 and rotating speed be 1600r/min;
5, operating efficiency is: 95%;
6, CBI and CB2 uses raw material specification to be 83.3dtex36f carbon fiber;
7, the warp run-in of two sley bars is calculated, to density and warping technology.
7.1 warp run-ins: rule of thumb, on this fabric, machine tractive density is 20cpc, according to computing formula:
The warp run-in of GB1: R1=(1.43d+2s+2T) × 48=1696mm/rack
The warp run-in of GB2: R2=(1.43d+2s+T) × 480=1259mm/rack
7.2 fabrics are to density
7.3 warping technology
According to door width, the pin number N=W100P required for a width fabric
a=1.53 × 100=2295(root)
The pin number that the machine that machine fabric width is 170 has:
28×170=4760，
And the segmentation warp beam of one root warp beam adds up to 8, GB1 warping radical and is:
N=Ny1/q=2295 × 2 × 1/8 ≈ 574.
Completely wear owing to being, GB2 warping radical is same as GB1.
Working needle number on machine is modified to
574 × 8=4592 root
Raw material:
A:8.3tex (75 dawn) 36f carbon fiber 100%
Warping:
GB1:8×574A；
GB2:8×574A；
Pad yarn tissue:
GB1:1-0/2-3∥
GB2:1-2/1-0∥
Pass:
GB1:2A；
GB2：2A；
Warp run-in:
GB1:2×1696mm/rack
GB2:2×1259mm/rack
Wholely afterwards to pretend: according to different demand, various process can be carried out, to reach instructions for use.
The present invention uses the epoxy resin solution with front fine tool Lip river, molding type, extruding, oven dry.
The performance of fibre reinforced composites:
In fibre reinforced composites; basic effect is bonding for the fiber in more homodisperse matrix one-tenth entirety; protect interfibrous relative position; fiber can be acted synergistically; protection fiber reduces the adverse effect of environment from chemical attack and mechanical damage etc.; transmit and bear shear stress, bear in the direction perpendicular to fiber draw, compression etc.
The effect of fibre reinforced matrix, in the scope of volume fraction shared by certain rational fiber, with the volume fraction V of composite fiber
fbe directly proportional.V
ftoo I does not have enhancing effect yet, and son comfort just ruptures in a large number when matrix should tail off and beat, and causes a lot of defect in the base.Scope makes intensity decline, and is worthless.Otherwise, V
fnot easy to operate in too large technique again, hesitate between fiber and matrix bonding variation, defect increases, boundary strength declines, and in the composite, the volume fraction of fragile fibre increases, the volume dispersion of tough matrix reduces, the toughness of composite can be made to reduce, and the hydraulic performance decline of shock resistance and fracture, does not reach good effect.
The intensity of composite is high, and rigidity is large: the intensity of unit mass becomes specific strength, and the modulus of unit mass becomes specific modulus, and they are a kind of indexs weighing material bearing capacity and stiffness characteristics under the prerequisite that quality is equal.The specific strength of material is high, and specific modulus is large, means and can be made into the performance structure that well quality is light again.
Anti-fatigue performance is good: (1) fatigue rupture is material under volume load action, due to formation and the expansion of crackle, and the low stress damage caused.(2) fatigue properties of fibre reinforced composites when machine direction tension are always much better than metal, and its matrix becomes larger toughness material after fracture.In the base with after solidification on cross section, often defectiveness and crackle exist, cross section between fiber and matrix usually can stop the expanded type of crackle to change the direction of multiple Crack Extension, therefore its fatigue rupture is always from the weak link of fiber type matrix, progressively expand on faying face, lose more and size is larger, obvious omen is had before destruction, can Timeliness coverage and taking measures.
Breach security can be good: in fiber reinforcement composite material, due to the operation of matrix, same at the strain matrix phase along fiber.The fiber ruptured is due to the result of matrix transmission stress, except incision position does not play operation near fracture except a bit of portions educe effect, all the other most fibers still play a role, the adjacent fibres of the fiber Zhou Yuan ruptured, except making stress locally bearing some stress transmitted by matrix by broken fiber more and slightly raising, each fiber is macroscopically almost stressed on an equal basis.Between each fiber, the degree of irregularity of stress greatly reduces, and mean stress is much higher than the mean stress not having the fiber of matrix, thus increases mean strain.Like this, the fracture of individuals fibers would not cause chain reaction and catastrophicly sharply to destroy, thus fail safety performance is better.
Damping capacity is good: the polymeric matrix of fibre reinforced composites has viscoelasticity.Have micro-crack and take off glutinous place in the base with on interface, also there is this frictional force, in vibration processes, viscoelasticity and frictional force make the kinetic energy consume of a part be heat energy, and therefore, its damping ratio steel and aluminium alloy greatly, can also make damping increase according to measure.The reason of Here it is fibre reinforced composites damping property.
Heat stability is good: the structure member of (1) fibre reinforced composites and product, under the environment of significantly variations in temperature, there is very little thermal deformation, the such as composite of graphite fibre kevlaw fiber, has the thermal coefficient of expansion of the very little and negative value of numerical value in machine direction.(2) this valuable characteristic is through rationally laying, can design linear expansion coefficient be zero, for close to zero parts.
Weak point on composite property: breaking strain when (1) most of fortifying fibre stretches is very little, so fibre reinforced composites are fragile materials.Be like this along machine direction, perpendicular to machine direction especially like this, its breaking strain is more much smaller than metal, and this is larger shortcoming.Fibre reinforced composites show as elasticity on strength and extension property, and its inhomogeneities forms its high-octane absorption characteristic.(2) laminated composite materials layer to shear strength and layer very low to TENSILE STRENGTH, this is just becoming its fatal light current, and layer is quite low to trimming modulus, causes some problem, brings adverse consequences.(3) fibre reinforced composites generally have very strong directionality, such as along machine direction, there is maximum TENSILE STRENGTH and modulus, along other direction, there is lower strength and modulus, perpendicular to machine direction, there is minimum strength and modulus, other physical property and mechanical performance such as thermal coefficient of expansion, heat trnasfer and impact property etc. also have analogue, due to the difference of all directions performance, the structure of fibre reinforced composites is improved difficult some more.
Fibre reinforced composites application in the automotive industry: the alternative stage being still in automobile component at present, comprise in-built gadget, external ornament and functional structure part, in-built gadget is with handsome in appearance, and color comfort level and the soft safety of use are feature, adopt enhancing thermoplastic composite more; External decoration comprises hood, bumper, roof, mud guard etc., is the main application component on automobile; Functional structure often has superior performance requirement, as leaf spring, power transmission shaft and fuel tank etc.The object mainly reaching weight reduction applied by current composite on automobile, simultaneously also improving SNR, improve fatigue life and Corrosion Protection, reduce noise etc., because fibre reinforced materials also has unique high damping properties, can absorbing vibrational energy preferably, reduce the impact on adjacent members simultaneously, therefore, noise and vibration can be reduced for automobile, improve its comfortableness.
Carbon fiber refers to the carbon fiber of phosphorus content about 95% in fiber and the graphite fibre of carbon containing about 90%, carbon fiber is according to the difference of raw material and the mode of production, main component is according to acrylonitrile (PAN), carbon fiber is the main reinforcing agent of carbon fibre composite, excellent combination property, has specific strength high, and this modulus is high, light weight, the advantages such as endurance, wear-resistant, heat-resisting, corrosion-resistant and thermal coefficient of expansion are comparatively suitable for, its principal character and application as follows:
1, specific strength and specific modulus large
Due to carbon fiber, to have specific strength and specific modulus large, and therefore, the specific strength using it as the load material of reinforcing agent is more than 7 times of the specific strength of most metal, and its specific modulus is more than 5 times of metal.So various types of carbon fiber has been widely used in aerospace industries, auto industry, mechanical industry, even sports equipment aspect.
2, thermal coefficient of expansion is little
The carbon fiber thermal coefficient of expansion is almost negative value when room temperature, is zero and does not expand when temperature is 200-400 degree Celsius, and when being less than 1000 degrees Celsius, its low-expansion coefficient is 1.5 × 10
-6c is the ideal material of space flight, aviation, standard measure tool.
3, anti-wear performance is good
Not loss when carbon fiber and metal pair grind.Research shows, carbon fibre reinforcement has good restorability, and under high temperature and high sliding speed, has higher coefficient of friction and low wear rate, and wear resistance is good, and particularly self-lubricating property is good, for there being good cost performance in friction material.
4, fatigue strength is large
Carbon fiber structural is stablized, and after making composite, after 1,000,000 cycling fatigue experiments, its strength retention ratio can reach 60%, and steel are 40%, and aluminium is 30%.By contrast, carbon fiber is the ideal material of aircraft industry.
5, good heat conductivity
Generally inorganic, organic material heat conductivility is all poor, but the hot greatly of carbon fiber close to iron and steel, can improve the heat transfer efficiency between difformity material interface, and this characteristic has been used in solar thermal collector material, and conduct heat uniform heat conduction shell material.
6, resistance to elevated temperatures is good
Carbon fiber is highly stable lower than performance when 400 degrees Celsius, and being arranged at 1000 degrees Celsius of fashion can remain unchanged, and the high temperature resistant composite made need depend on the heat resistance of matrix, and the resistance to hot basal body used at present mostly is ceramic base, carbon back, Metal Substrate etc.The long-term resistance to elevated temperatures of Polymers can reach 300 degrees centigrade.But there is no the resin matrix that can match with carbon fiber reinforcement in resistance to elevated temperatures up to now, carbon fibre composite is widely used in aerospace industries.
7, lightweight
The weight of same volume is about 1/5th of steel.
8, resistance to chemical corrosion is excellent
Carbon is one of the most stable element, and carbon fiber, except Strong oxdiative performance, almost all has excellent corrosion resistance to general acid & alkali liquid, organic chemical.
Carbon fiber due to rigidity large, more crisp.Application is few separately at present, usually be processed into semi-finished product or do reinforcing material, carbon fibre composite is a kind of high strength composite, form primarily of the carbon fiber as reinforcing material and the thermosetting resin as matrix, in lightweighting materials, have higher specific strength, specific rigidity, light weight effect is fairly obvious.First be used widely at aerospace field, also extensively adopt in exercise and sports goods in recent years, be applied in body structure, alleviate mass effect particularly evident, lighter than ferrous materials by 50%, lighter than aluminium by 30%, therefore obtain domestic and international Ge great motor corporation extensive concern.Along with the development of Industry of Carbon Fiber, price constantly declines, expansion is also opened up new Application Areas by carbon fibre composite within the year, the fields such as civil engineering, communications and transportation, automobile, the energy will adopt carbon fiber on a large scale, and it will cause one to have far-reaching material revolution in the extensive use of each industrial department.
Claims (3)
1. high-performance carbon fibre nano composite material, is characterized in that, this composite obtains by the following method:
Be mixed into by nanoreinforcement material in liquid, described liquid comprises adhesive, spreading mass or its solution combined in a solvent;
Carbon fibre tow spool is launched; become expansion tow; nanoreinforcement material feeder is placed in the top of tow spreader; with on all required expansion tow of the liquid that will comprise nanoreinforcement material; after being applied to by nanoreinforcement material and launching on tow, make the carbon fiber applied by heater, then make to have applied and the carbon fiber heated by one group of pressure roller; and use little aperture apparatus that it is become tow again, then the tow after merging is rewound on spool;
The nanometer fortifying fibre tow made is molded as high strength composite for structural applications.
2. high modulus carbon fiber nano composite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fiber spreading mass adopts epoxy resin.
3. high modulus carbon fiber nano composite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, heater is infrared heater or baking box type warm-up mill.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104866690A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-08-26 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for predicating stress-strain behavior under arbitrary loading and unloading of one-way ceramic matrix composite |
| CN112938649A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 深圳市鸿富诚屏蔽材料有限公司 | Chemical treatment type carbon fiber sequencing process and carbon fiber cutting device |
-
2013
- 2013-08-06 CN CN201310340593.1A patent/CN104342934A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104866690A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-08-26 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for predicating stress-strain behavior under arbitrary loading and unloading of one-way ceramic matrix composite |
| CN104866690B (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2018-04-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | Unidirectional ceramic matric composite arbitrarily adds unloading stress-strain behavior Forecasting Methodology |
| CN112938649A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 深圳市鸿富诚屏蔽材料有限公司 | Chemical treatment type carbon fiber sequencing process and carbon fiber cutting device |
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