CN104333761B - A kind of HEVC elementary cells level bit-rate distribution method - Google Patents
A kind of HEVC elementary cells level bit-rate distribution method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Patent of the present invention discloses a kind of HEVC elementary cells level bit-rate distribution method, the present invention can be directed to different video sequence signature, in the rate control process of HEVC Video codings, bit distribution is carried out by the difference normalization of the DC component and texture component in region, so as to reduce bit distribution in texture region, but code check is then increased to the region of human eye sensitivity, so as to lift the distortion performance of coding.Other equally applicable video encoding standards of designed code rate allocation method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to coding and decoding video field, more particularly to a kind of HEVC elementary cells level bit-rate distribution method.
Background technology
Video coding with transmission application, high-performance video coding standard of new generation H.265/MPEG-HEVC (High
Efficiency Video Coding) by regarding that ISO-IEC/MPEG and ITU-T/VCEG Liang great International Organization for standardization sets up
Frequency coding joint development group (JCT-VC) exploitation, compared with H.264/AVC, under identical visual quality, HEVC can make ratio
Special rate reduces half.
As video encoding standard of new generation, HEVC still falls within the hybrid encoding frame of prediction plus conversion, and it is also included
The coding modules such as infra-frame prediction, inter prediction, orthogonal transformation, quantization, filtering, entropy code, but all enter in each coding link
Careful optimization and improvement is gone, HEVC standard coding method is as shown in accompanying drawing 1.
Rate Control is a highly useful technology in Video coding, particularly the code check control in the application such as real-time Communication for Power
The meaning of system becomes apparent.If any one existing video encoding standard is without Rate Control, its practical application all can be by
To limitation, such as in the transmitting procedure under the conditions of bandwidth constraint, if without suitable bit rate control method, client-cache
Area is possible to occur overflow or underflow, causes loss of data.Also all one kind is recommended to be adapted to it for this every kind of video encoding standard
The rate control algorithm of itself.
Rate control algorithm is segmented into two steps.The first step is to distribute suitable quantity to the coding unit of each rank
Bit, generally include picture group (GOP, Group of Pictures) level, picture level and elementary cell level.Encoder is main
According to the situation of occupying of buffering area appropriate number of bit is distributed in the coding unit to each rank.Second step is to try to reach
For the pre-assigned bit number of each rank.
One good rate control algorithm can reach as far as possible small coding while target bit rate is accurately reached
Distortion.Rate Control problem can be converted to rate-distortion optimization (RDO, Rate-Distortion as shown in formula (1)
Optimization) problem, the situation of target bit will be no more than by this optimization problem encoder in number of coded bits
Under, selection makes the parameter of distortion minimization as optimal coding parameter.Wherein { Para } presentation code parameter sets, including mould
Formula, movable information, quantization parameter (QP, Quantization Parameter) etc..
λ in formula (1) is Lagrange multiplier, represents R-D (Rate-Distortion) slope of a curve absolute value.
HEVC Video codings provide very big encoding flexibility, and encoder be free to select the combination of various coding parameters.Choosing
Very important influence can be produced to the coding bit rate of final video by selecting different parameters.Therefore, rate control algorithm can make
Obtain encoder and select suitable coding parameter in some discrete legal coding parameter sets, and then reach target bit rate.
HEVC employs a kind of novel λ domains rate control algorithm based on R- λ models, accurate using hyperbolic model
Portray the R-D code rate distortion models in encryption algorithm.As shown in formula (2), wherein D represents that the video after compressed encoding loses
Very；R represents the bit rate after compression, with every pixel consumption bit (bpp, bit per pixel) for unit；C and K are and sequence
The related model parameter of row characteristic, different video sequence C, K value is different.
D (R)=CR-K(2)；
In Rate Control, the Lagrange used on the basis of R-D code rate distortion models by code check R and coding multiplies
Mathematical relationship is set up between sub- λ, and desired target bit rate is reached using the method for adjusting λ., can be with as shown in formula (3)
Lagrange multiplier λ, wherein α=CK, β=- K-1 are calculated by the formula.Therefore the spy of α and β the two parameters also with sequence
Property it is related, different sequences have different values.
Code check R and λ relations are further obtained by formula (3), shown in such as formula (4).
Understand that code check R is determined by Lagrange multiplier λ completely by formula (4).The relation schematic diagram of λ and R-D curves is such as
Shown in accompanying drawing 2.λ is the R-D slope of a curve absolute values determined by the convex closure network of all real work points, and code check R and glug are bright
One-to-one relationship is there is between day multiplier λ.Because R-D curves are convex functions, based on some λ value computational minimization formula
(1) it is equivalent to and goes to approach R-D curves for the straight line of λ value using slope absolute value, and this straight line only can be with R-D contact of a curve in one
Point.Therefore, λ value can determine code check R and video distortion D.
In order to reach some target bit rate R distributed, encoder will determine associated λ value according to formula (1), and will
It is used for cataloged procedure.After the λ value that coding is used is determined, every other coding parameter all should be determined by rate-distortion optimization.
Bit distribution in HEVC Rate Controls is carried out in three levels, GOP ranks, picture rank and basic coding list
First rank.One basic coding unit can include one or several continuous coding unit CU (Coding Unit).Base
The other Data Rate Distribution of this cell level is that the remaining bit of photo current is proportionally assigned into photo current is remaining substantially single
In member.HEVC carries out elementary cell level bit-rate distribution according to the MAD values of estimation according to formula (5).
Wherein TPicFor the target bit rate of current encoded frame, BitHFor picture header (including the Slice pre-estimated
Header etc.) bit, the average value that what is encoded before its use belong to the bit of the header of same rank picture estimated
Meter.CodedPicAcquired bit number, ω are encoded for present frameBUCurrFor the Data Rate Distribution weight of current basic unit, ωBUFor
The distribution weight of the uncoded each elementary cell of present frame.ωBUCalculated according to the MAD values of estimation, and MAD values are according to it
Preceding coding, the predicated error of the elementary cell in same position, is counted according to formula (6) in same rank picture
Calculate, the value can be previously obtained by previous coding.
In formula (6), NpixelsIt is the number of pixel in elementary cell BU, PorgIt is original pixel value, PpredIt is prediction
Pixel value, ωBUIt can be calculated according to formula (7).
From the foregoing, the size that the bit that different basic coding units are distributed relies primarily on predicated error determines do not have
There is the visual characteristic in view of human eye.In fact, human eye is different to the susceptibility in different texture region, human eye is to different zones
Susceptibility is different, and more errors can be tolerated to texture region, to flat site then on the contrary, so as to cause Data Rate Distribution not
Rationally.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：A kind of HEVC elementary cells level bit-rate distribution method is provided, solved existing
Have and ignore that human eye is different to the susceptibility in different texture region in HEVC code rate allocation methods and Data Rate Distribution that cause is unreasonable
The problem of.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of HEVC elementary cells level bit-rate point
Method of completing the square, the DC component normalization factor f in image-regionDCWith texture AC compounent normalization factor fACCompared
Spy's distribution, bit distribution is reduced in texture region, in flat site increase bit distribution, specifically includes step：
Segmentation step, the prediction residual of each elementary cell is divided into l individual 4 × 4 sub-block, then carries out DCT changes to sub-block
Change；
Normalization factor analyzes and processes step, and the sub-block after the progress dct transform is analyzed and processed, direct current is obtained
Component normalization factor fDCWith texture AC compounent normalization factor fAC；
Data Rate Distribution weights omegaBUCalculation procedure, according to the fDCAnd fACCalculate the Data Rate Distribution weight of each elementary cell
ωBU；
Step is performed, according to the Data Rate Distribution weights omega of each elementary cellBUData Rate Distribution is carried out to each elementary cell.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：It is different from HEVC prior arts and have ignored human eye in video frequency coding rate distribution
It is different to the susceptibility in different texture region, the irrational shortcoming of Data Rate Distribution.The present invention is normalized by calculating DC component
Factor fDCWith texture AC compounent normalization factor fACTo calculate the Data Rate Distribution weight of each elementary cell, and according to the power
Data Rate Distribution is carried out again, bit distribution is reduced in texture region, is then increased bit distribution in the region of human eye sensitivity, is greatly improved
The reasonability of Data Rate Distribution, makes to reach smaller coding distortion in the case of identical target bit rate.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is HEVC standard coding method schematic diagram in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is Lagrange multiplier λ and R-D curves relation schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is DC component normalization factor and texture normalization factor schematic diagram in embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the flow of HEVC elementary cell level bit-rate distribution method of the embodiment of the present invention based on normalization factor
Figure.
Embodiment
To describe technology contents, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, below in conjunction with embodiment and coordinate attached
Figure is explained.
HEVC：English spelling：High Efficiency Video Coding, are a kind of new International video compression marks
Standard, the compression performance than H.264/AVC coding standard under identical visual quality is doubled.
Elementary cell level：Basic coding unit in HEVC is code tree unit CTU (Coding Tree Unit), with consolidating
The macro block being sized is different, and coding side can be configured to CTU size.The CTU allowed in HEVC size includes
16x16,32x32 and 64x64 (are calculated) with brightness block size, and CTU is the elementary cell of decoder processes.
Prediction residual：Prediction residual is the primitive frame of present encoding and the difference of predicted value.
The design of most critical of the present invention is：This method can be directed to different video sequences in rate control process,
Bit distribution is carried out by the normalization factor of different zones, bit distribution is reduced to texture region, but to the area of human eye sensitivity
Domain then increases code stream, lifts the distortion performance of coding.Other equally applicable Video coding marks of designed code rate allocation method
It is accurate.
A kind of HEVC elementary cells level bit-rate distribution method, the DC component normalization factor f in image-regionDCWith
Texture AC compounent normalization factor fACBit distribution is carried out, bit distribution is reduced in texture region, increases in flat site and compares
Spy's distribution, specifically includes step：
Segmentation step, the prediction residual of each elementary cell is divided into l individual 4 × 4 sub-block, then carries out DCT changes to sub-block
Change；
Normalization factor analyzes and processes step, and the sub-block after the progress dct transform is analyzed and processed, direct current is obtained
Component normalization factor fDCWith texture AC compounent normalization factor fAC；
Data Rate Distribution weights omegaBUCalculation procedure, according to the fDCAnd fACCalculate the Data Rate Distribution weight of each elementary cell
ωBU；
Step is performed, according to the Data Rate Distribution weights omega of each elementary cellBUData Rate Distribution is carried out to each elementary cell.
Wherein, it can be calculated according to formula (8) and obtain DC component normalization factor fDC；It can be calculated according to formula (9)
Obtain texture AC compounent normalization factor fAC；
By the fDCAnd fACThe Data Rate Distribution weights omega for obtaining each elementary cell can be calculated by bringing formula (10) intoBU；
Wherein, Xorg(k) k-th of DCT coefficient of the original image currently to be encoded is represented；Xpred(k) represent that present frame is compiled
The DCT coefficient of reconstructed image predicted value after code, N=16；L is positive integer, represents 4 × 4 sons included in basic coding unit
The number of block；C1With C2It is invariant；E represents mathematic expectaion；Xmad(k) prediction residual P is representedresDCT coefficient, pass through
Dct transform is obtained；K is conversion coefficient index value.fDCEmbody some basic coding unit mean flow rate phase in whole image
To visual sensitivity, fACEmbody zone-texture visual sensitivity relative in whole image frame.
ωBUFor the distribution weight of the uncoded each elementary cell of present frame.ωBUAccording to the prediction residual value P of estimationres
Calculated, Xmad(k) prediction residual P is representedresDCT coefficient, obtained by dct transform.Prediction residual PresComputational methods
As shown in formula (11), wherein PorgIt is original pixel value, PpredIt is predicted pixel values.
Pres=Porg-Ppred(11)；
It was found from foregoing description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention is by calculating DC component normalization factor
fDCWith texture AC compounent normalization factor fACTo calculate the Data Rate Distribution weight of each elementary cell, and entered according to the weight
Row Data Rate Distribution, so that reality is compiled according to human eye rational distribution code check different to the susceptibility in different texture region in video
Bit distribution is reduced in texture region during code, then increases bit distribution in the region of human eye sensitivity, substantially increases Data Rate Distribution
Reasonability, make to reach smaller coding distortion in the case of identical target bit rate.
Other equally applicable video encoding standards of code rate allocation method of the present invention.
Wherein, it is specially by Data Rate Distribution weights omega Data Rate Distribution to be carried out to each elementary cellBUFormula (5) is substituted into carry out
Calculating is obtained；
Wherein TPicFor the target bit rate of current encoded frame, BitHFor picture header (including the Slice pre-estimated
Header etc.) bit, the average value that what is encoded before its use belong to the bit of the header of same rank picture estimated
Meter.CodedPicAcquired bit number, ω are encoded for present frameBUCurrFor the Data Rate Distribution weight of current basic unit；
Refer to the Data Rate Distribution weights omega of all uncoded elementary cellsBUSum.
Fig. 4 is refer to, embodiments of the invention one are：A kind of HEVC elementary cells level bit-rate point based on normalization factor
Method of completing the square, this code rate allocation method is in the rate control process of HEVC video encoding standards, for different video sequence signature,
Bit distribution is carried out with the difference normalization of texture AC compounent by the DC component in region, compared so as to be reduced in texture region
Spy's distribution, but code check is then increased to the region of human eye sensitivity, lift the distortion performance of coding.
Human eye is different to the susceptibility of different zones, more errors can be tolerated to texture region, to flat site
It is then opposite.Therefore, the present invention reduces bit distribution to texture region, but the region of human eye sensitivity is then increased in Data Rate Distribution
Raise the price stream.
The normalized thought of difference is proved to have close relationship with human visual system, moreover, difference normalization can be with
The shielding effect of human eye system is preferably explained, the present invention is exactly calculated using a kind of normalized method of DCT domain SSIM differences
The normalization factor of different zones, thus instructs the Data Rate Distribution in different texture region.
Because the partial statistics characteristic of image is generally more stable, therefore each elementary cell is divided into l 4 × 4 first
Sub-block, then carries out dct transform again.Wherein, Xorg(k) k-th of DCT coefficient of the original image currently to be encoded, X are representedpred
(k) DCT coefficient of the reconstructed image predicted value after present frame coding is represented, X is predicted used here as frame encoded beforepred
(k).DC component normalization factor fDCComputational methods such as formula (8) shown in, fDCSome basic coding unit is embodied whole
The relative visual sensitivity of mean flow rate in individual image；And texture AC compounent normalization factor fACComputational methods such as formula
(9) shown in, fACEmbody zone-texture visual sensitivity relative in whole image frame.Calculate DC component normalization because
The period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m only uses DC coefficient, and same reason only uses DCT ac coefficient when calculating texture normalization factor, here N=
16。C1With C2It is invariant, E represents mathematic expectaion, by calculating the direct current and exchange average energy of all sub-blocks of whole frame,
It is used as the reference of present frame visual importance.
Normalization factor is directly related with local image characteristic and picture material, and its size is directly connected to topography
Vision significance level.fACValue is bigger, then it represents that this regional exchange coefficient is larger, and texture energy is also relatively large, therefore can
To increase the quantization step in the region, bit distribution is reduced.fDCMeaning it is similar, the schematic diagram such as accompanying drawing of normalization factor
Shown in 3, the place of black represents smaller normalization factor in figure, and white represents that normalization factor is larger, the people of respective components
Eye susceptibility is smaller.Because colored texture structure can cover more distortions in figure, therefore can be by the distribution of its AC coefficient more
Big normalization factor；Compared yet with brightness in these texture regions relatively low, for DC coefficients then normalization factor
It is relatively small.As can be seen that the solving result of normalization factor meets HVS brightness adaptivity and texture covers characteristic.
Use the Data Rate Distribution weights omega of each elementary cell after normalization factorBUValue calculation formula (10) is such as shown.
Xmad(k) prediction residual P is representedresDCT coefficient, prediction residual PresComputational methods such as formula (11) shown in.Due to calculating
DCT coefficient needs to carry out in dct transform domain, this increased computation complexity, and according to Parseval's theorem, DCT direct currents are actually
It is PresMean flow rate μx, and AC energy is PresVariance δx 2, therefore can directly be calculated in pixel domain, such as formula (12)
With (13) Suo Shi.Pass through normalized ωBU, it is possible to achieve varying sensitivity region being uniformly processed in vision equalization space,
Then same to can be obtained by the code check that each basic coding unit is distributed using formula (5), calculating process is as shown in Figure 4.
Pres=Porg-Ppred(11)；
In summary, the present invention is provided
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, it is every to utilize this hair
The equivalents that bright specification and accompanying drawing content are made, or the technical field of correlation is directly or indirectly used in, similarly include
In the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of HEVC elementary cells level bit-rate distribution method, it is characterised in that the DC component normalizing in image-region
Change factor fDCWith texture AC compounent normalization factor fACBit distribution is carried out, reduces bit distribution in texture region, flat
Region increase bit distribution, specifically includes step：
Segmentation step, the prediction residual of each HEVC elementary cells is divided into l individual 4 × 4 sub-block, then carries out DCT changes to sub-block
Change, l is the positive integer more than or equal to 2；
Normalization factor analyzes and processes step, and the sub-block after the progress dct transform is analyzed and processed, DC component is obtained
Normalization factor fDCWith texture AC compounent normalization factor fAC；
Data Rate Distribution weights omegaBUCalculation procedure, according to the fDCAnd fACCalculate the Data Rate Distribution weights omega of each elementary cellBU；
Step is performed, according to the Data Rate Distribution weights omega of each elementary cellBUData Rate Distribution is carried out to each elementary cell；Wherein, institute
State DC component normalization factor fDCIt is according to formula：
Calculating is obtained；
Texture AC compounent normalization factor fACIt is according to formula：
Calculating is obtained；
Wherein, Xorg(k) k-th of DCT coefficient of the original image currently to be encoded is represented；Xpred(k) represent after present frame coding
Reconstructed image predicted value DCT coefficient, N=16；L is positive integer, 4 × 4 sub-blocks included in expression basic coding unit
Number；C1With C2It is invariant；E represents mathematic expectaion；fDCEmbody some basic coding unit average in whole image
The relative visual sensitivity of brightness, fACEmbody zone-texture visual sensitivity relative in whole image frame；
The ωBUIt is according to formula：
Obtain, wherein, Xmad(k) prediction residual P is representedresDCT coefficient,
Obtained by dct transform, k is conversion coefficient index value.
2. HEVC elementary cells level bit-rate distribution method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described " according to each base
The Data Rate Distribution weights omega of this unitBUData Rate Distribution is carried out to each elementary cell " it is specially by Data Rate Distribution weights omegaBUSubstitute into
Formula：
Progress calculates what is obtained；
Wherein TPicFor the target bit rate of current encoded frame, BitHFor the bit for the picture header pre-estimated, before its use
The average value of bit of the header for belonging to same rank picture of coding estimated, CodedPicObtained for present frame coding
The bit number obtained, ωBUCurrFor the Data Rate Distribution weight of current basic unit, ωBUFor the uncoded each elementary cell of present frame
Distribute weight；
Refer to the Data Rate Distribution weights omega of all uncoded elementary cellsBUSum.
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| JP6391694B2 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2018-09-19 | エスゼット ディージェイアイ テクノロジー カンパニー リミテッドＳｚ Ｄｊｉ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ Ｃｏ．，Ｌｔｄ | Video encoding method and system |
| CN105376571A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-03-02 | 山东交通学院 | HEVC reconstruction video scintillation inhibition method based on R-lambda code rate control model |
| CN106998470B (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2020-03-20 | 华为技术有限公司 | Decoding method, encoding method, decoding apparatus, and encoding apparatus |
| CN106937118B (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2019-09-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of bit rate control method combined based on subjective area-of-interest and time-space domain |
| CN110139089A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-08-16 | 莆田学院 | A kind of the 3 d video encoding bit rate control method and storage equipment of combination scene detection |
| CN112954322B (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2023-04-07 | 北京博雅慧视智能技术研究院有限公司 | Code rate control method, device, electronic equipment and medium |
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