CN104333208B - Device for handling open-circuit fault of three-section bridge converter circuit and fault diagnosis method - Google Patents

Device for handling open-circuit fault of three-section bridge converter circuit and fault diagnosis method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104333208B
CN104333208B CN201410582727.5A CN201410582727A CN104333208B CN 104333208 B CN104333208 B CN 104333208B CN 201410582727 A CN201410582727 A CN 201410582727A CN 104333208 B CN104333208 B CN 104333208B
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fault
sections
bridge
zero
pulse
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CN104333208A (en
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成庶
陈特放
丁荣军
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Central South University
Zhuzhou CRRC Times Electric Co Ltd
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Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric Co Ltd
Central South University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for handling open-circuit fault of a three-section bridge converter circuit and a fault diagnosis method. The device comprises a fault handling unit for receiving and handling partial input voltage U2 and output voltage U1 of the three-section bridge converter circuit, performing coding processing on the waveform of the obtained result and determining which switching tube is out of order by use of codes; the trigger pulse of each switching tube is changed by use of a converter controller, and meanwhile, the connection mode of the three-section bridge converter circuit is changed, and therefore, after a fault occurs, the output voltage U1 of the three-section bridge converter circuit still can be adjusted within the full range from 0 to the original rated voltage Ud. The fault diagnosis method has the integrated functions of fault detection, fault location and fault-tolerant control; as a result, the safety of rail transit is greatly improved.

Description

A kind of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss and method for diagnosing faults
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric circuit inspection field, particularly relate to a kind of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss and Method for diagnosing faults.
Background technology
No matter rail vehicle transportation takes electric power or diesel traction, the transmission of electric energy and conversion all to be unable to do without traction convertor System.Power electronic devices, topological structure and its control technology that traction convertor system adopts, determine traction drive Basic mechanical design feature, its fault gently then causes rail vehicle performance or function impaired, and the heavy then machine that directly results in breaks, and causes great Economic loss and social influence.
Most commonly seen three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits in DC-drive its original testing equipment monitoring, diagnostic function list One runs needs, ensures track traffic safety it is therefore desirable to one kind has fault detect, positioning and fault-tolerant control concurrently it is difficult to meet The method for diagnosing faults of system, and the fault treating apparatus coordinating with it.
Content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to proposing a kind of fault having fault detect, positioning and faults-tolerant control concurrently Diagnostic method, proposes a kind of fault treating apparatus according to the method simultaneously.
There is provided a kind of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss based on the above-mentioned purpose present invention, including three sections of bridges Formula convertor circuit, described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits include the current-variable controller for controlling its each switching tube trigger pulse, also Including：
Fault processing unit, described fault processing unit is used for receiving, process the part of described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits Input voltage U2 and output voltage U1, carries out coded treatment to the result waveform drawing, determines that breaks down opens by coding Guan Guan；Each switching tube trigger pulse is changed by described current-variable controller, changes the company of described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits simultaneously Connect mode, to realize after breaking down, the output voltage U1 of described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits still can be 0 and former specified electricity Gamut adjustment between pressure Ud.
A kind of some alternative embodiments of the three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss being provided according to the present invention, Described fault processing unit includes：
Signal conversion module, connects the input to described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits and outfan, for receiving its portion Divide input voltage U2 and output voltage U1；
Fault diagnosis module, connects to described signal conversion module, for whether diagnosing described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits There is open fault；
Fault location module, connects to described signal conversion module, sends out for positioning in described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits The switching tube of raw fault；
Interface module, connects to described fault diagnosis module, fault location module and described current-variable controller, by detection The calculation of fault corresponding faults-tolerant control strategy arriving, and this strategy is sent to described current-variable controller；
Failure tolerant control module, is connected to described interface module, by faults-tolerant control strategy, described three sections of bridge-types is become The mode of connection of current circuit is adjusted.
A kind of some alternative embodiments of the three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss being provided according to the present invention, Wherein：
Described signal conversion module is used for receiving, process part input voltage U2 and output voltage U1；Its processing procedure bag Include：U1 and U2 is synchronized blood pressure lowering process, U2 is carried out rectification obtain | U2 |, calculate U1-x | U2 |, wherein x=1,2,3；Will Described U1-x | U2 | sends to described fault diagnosis module；
Described fault diagnosis module passes through to detect the zero crossing of the waveform of U1-x | U2 |, and by under itself and normal operating conditions Zero crossing contrasted, and then judge whether described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits occur open fault；By failure detection result Send to described interface module；
Described fault location module is passed through to detect the zero crossing of the waveform of U1-x | U2 |, to it two and half in a cycle Zero-crossing pulse number in cycle is encoded, and encodes to position the switching tube breaking down with this；Fault location result is sent out Deliver to described interface module；
Described interface module passes through failure detection result, fault location result calculates corresponding faults-tolerant control strategy, will hold Wrong control strategy feeds back to described current-variable controller with traction current transformation controller acceptable form, and changes described unsteady flow control The trigger pulse that device processed is sent；Faults-tolerant control strategy is sent to failure tolerant control module simultaneously.
Failure tolerant control module, described fault-tolerant control module passes through faults-tolerant control strategy, changes input using switch and becomes Depressor and the mode of connection of traction convertor, it is to avoid using the switching tube breaking down so that system uses remaining switching tube Complete unsteady flow process.
A kind of some alternative embodiments of the three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss being provided according to the present invention, The circuit realizing the function of described signal conversion module and described fault location module includes a kind of zero passage detection pulse generation electricity Road, described zero passage detection pulse generating circuit includes：Operational amplifier U1A, photo-coupler U2, d type flip flop U3A, U3B, XOR Door U4A, resistance R11, R1f, R12, R1p, R2；Wherein
Resistance R11 one end concatenation operation amplifier U1A inverting input, resistance R1f one end, the resistance R1f other end connects Operational amplifier U1A outfan, photo-coupler U2 input, resistance R12 one end concatenation operation amplifier U1A normal phase input end, Resistance R1p one end, resistance R1p another termination simulation ground, photo-coupler U2 output terminating resistor R2 one end, d type flip flop U3A signal Input D, resistance R2 another termination running voltage VDD, d type flip flop U3A outfan Q meets d type flip flop U3B signal input part D, different One input of OR gate U4A, d type flip flop U3B outfan Q connects another input of XOR gate U4A.
A kind of some alternative embodiments of the three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss being provided according to the present invention, Described fault location module includes a kind of Pulse-duration change-over circuit it is characterised in that including：Photo-coupler U5, including One not gate, the even number not gate of the second not gate, resistance R5；Wherein
Photo-coupler U5 output terminating resistor R5 one end, first not gate one end, resistance R5 another termination running voltage VDD, First non-gate output terminal connects the second not gate input, if not gate number more than two, remaining not gate is sequentially connected in series in second The outfan of not gate.
A kind of some alternative embodiments of the three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss being provided according to the present invention, Described failure tolerant control module also includes being arranged between each winding of described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits and switching tube at least Five faults-tolerant control switches；Described faults-tolerant control switch is controlled by described failure tolerant control module, changes its gear, Jin Ergai Become the mode of connection of described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits.
The present invention also provides three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open faults that a kind of and above-mentioned fault treating apparatus match to examine Disconnected method, its step includes：
S1, the output voltage U1 and input voltage Ud of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits of detection, make part input voltage U2=1/ 4Ud；
S2, U1 and U2 is synchronized blood pressure lowering, then carries out all wave rectification to U2 and obtains | U2 |；
S3, calculates U1-x | U2 |, and the value of x includes 1,2,3, obtains timing waveform U1- | U2 |, U1-2 | U2 |, U1-3 | U2 |, detection gained timing waveform U1- | U2 |, U1-2 | U2 |, zero-crossing pulse sequence ZC_T1, ZC_T2 of U1-3 | U2 |, ZC_T3；
S4, carries out zero passage detection to output voltage U1, then produced zero-crossing pulse width is adjusted, obtained Different sequence ZCW_1, ZCW_2 of zero pulse width；
S5, by ZC_T1, ZC_T2, ZC_T3 of obtaining respectively with ZCW_1, ZCW_2 by with door, obtain pulse train ZC1 To ZC6；
S6, compiles according to certain coded system to the zero-crossing pulse number in the pulse train a cycle obtaining Code, carries out fault diagnosis and positioning according to coding result；
S7, produces faults-tolerant control strategy according to fault diagnosis and location result.
A kind of some alternative embodiments of the three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault diagnostic methods being provided according to the present invention, U1 and U2 is inputted respectively three groups of zero passage detection pulse generating circuits, the output of this three groups of circuit is respectively ZC_T1, ZC_T2 And ZC_T3；U1 is inputted two groups of different Pulse-duration change-over circuits, by adjusting the pulsewidth of U1 zero-crossing pulse sequence, filters Full gate puts the zero-crossing pulse that the zero-crossing pulse producing when switching tube is opened and input voltage natural zero-crossing cause, and obtains zero-crossing pulse Sequence ZCW_1 and ZCW_2.
A kind of some alternative embodiments of the three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault diagnostic methods being provided according to the present invention, Coded system in step S6 is, the zero-crossing pulse number of ZC1-ZC3 in statistics 0-1/2 cycle, 1/2-1 cycle, and according to 0- 1/2 cycle ZC1 zero-crossing pulse number, 0-1/2 cycle ZC2 zero-crossing pulse number, 0-1/2 cycle ZC3 zero-crossing pulse number, 1/2- ZC1 zero-crossing pulse number in 1 cycle, ZC2 zero-crossing pulse number in the 1/2-1 cycle, ZC3 zero-crossing pulse number in the 1/2-1 cycle Order encoded, obtain diagnose pulse table；Then ZC4-ZC6 is also encoded according to the method described above, obtained secondary examining Disconnected pulse table.
A kind of some alternative embodiments of the three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault diagnostic methods being provided according to the present invention, Also include fault tolerant control method；Described fault tolerant control method is by changing connecing of described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit breaker in middle pipes Line mode, it is to avoid using the switching tube breaking down, to realize the output voltage of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits after being adjusted Remain able to continuously adjust between 0 and former rated output voltage.
In sum, three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind that the present invention provides and diagnostic method lead to Cross input, output electricity under analysis, contrast input, the zero crossing distribution of output voltage difference waveform and normal condition when breaking down The zero crossing distribution of pressure difference waveform, and coordinate corresponding circuit, realize open fault positioning；The present invention is always according to diagnostic method Propose a kind of fault tolerant control method, using the mode of connection changing each switching tube, it is to avoid using the switching tube breaking down, make Obtain output voltage and can keep former scope.Provide a kind of fault diagnosis having fault detect, positioning and faults-tolerant control concurrently Method, substantially increases the safety of track traffic.
Brief description
A kind of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss that Fig. 1 provides for the present invention and method for diagnosing faults Topology diagram；
In three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind that Fig. 2 provides for the present invention and method for diagnosing faults Mode1Current direction schematic diagram；
In three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind that Fig. 3 provides for the present invention and method for diagnosing faults Mode1Equivalent circuit diagram；
In three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind that Fig. 4 provides for the present invention and method for diagnosing faults Mode2Current direction schematic diagram；
In three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind that Fig. 5 provides for the present invention and method for diagnosing faults Mode3 current direction schematic diagram；
In three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind that Fig. 6 provides for the present invention and method for diagnosing faults Mode6 current direction schematic diagram；
In three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind that Fig. 7 provides for the present invention and method for diagnosing faults Mode6 equivalent circuit diagram；
In three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind that Fig. 8 provides for the present invention and method for diagnosing faults Mode8 current direction schematic diagram；
In three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind that Fig. 9 provides for the present invention and method for diagnosing faults Mode11 current direction schematic diagram；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 10 provides for the present invention Middle Mode11 equivalent circuit diagram；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 11 provides for the present invention Middle Mode13 current direction schematic diagram；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 12 provides for the present invention Each key point oscillogram during middle convertor circuit normal work；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 13 provides for the present invention There is the oscillogram of open fault in the t1 moment in middle VT4；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 14 provides for the present invention There is the oscillogram of open fault in the t1 moment in middle VT2；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 15 provides for the present invention There is the oscillogram of open fault in the t1 moment in middle VD2；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 16 provides for the present invention Middle VD2 (1) is in current flow diagrams during Fault1；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 17 provides for the present invention Middle VD2 (1) is in current flow diagrams during Fault4；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 18 provides for the present invention Middle VD2 (1) is in current flow diagrams during Fault5；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 19 provides for the present invention Middle VD2 (1) is in current flow diagrams during Fault6；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 20 provides for the present invention There is the oscillogram of open fault in the t1 moment in middle VT6；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 21 provides for the present invention Middle VT6 (5) is in current flow diagrams during Fault1；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 22 provides for the present invention Middle VT6 (5) is in current flow diagrams during Fault4；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 23 provides for the present invention There is the oscillogram of open fault in the t1 moment in middle VD4；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 24 provides for the present invention Middle VT4 (3) is in current flow diagrams during Fault1；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 25 provides for the present invention Middle VT4 (3) is in current flow diagrams during Fault4；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 26 provides for the present invention Middle VT4 (3) is in current flow diagrams during Fault5；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 27 provides for the present invention Diagnosis oscillogram during middle convertor circuit normal work；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 28 provides for the present invention There is diagnosis oscillogram during open fault in middle VT4；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 29 provides for the present invention There is diagnosis oscillogram during open fault in middle VT2；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 30 provides for the present invention There is diagnosis oscillogram during open fault in middle VD2；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 31 provides for the present invention There is diagnosis oscillogram during open fault in middle VT6；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 32 provides for the present invention There is diagnosis oscillogram during open fault in middle VD4；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 33 provides for the present invention The flow chart of middle method for diagnosing faults；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 34 provides for the present invention The circuit diagram of middle zero passage detection pulse generating circuit；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 35 provides for the present invention The circuit diagram of middle Pulse-duration change-over circuit；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 36 provides for the present invention In the diagnosis pulse table that obtains；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 37 provides for the present invention In the secondary diagnostics table that obtains；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 38 provides for the present invention Middle system diagnostics theory diagram；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 39 provides for the present invention There is faults-tolerant control switch wire connection figure during open fault in middle VT4；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 40 provides for the present invention There is faults-tolerant control switch wire connection figure during open fault in middle VT2；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 41 provides for the present invention There is faults-tolerant control switch wire connection figure during open fault in middle VD2；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 42 provides for the present invention There is faults-tolerant control switch wire connection figure during open fault in middle VT6 or VD4；
Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss of one kind and method for diagnosing faults that Figure 43 provides for the present invention Middle faults-tolerant control position of the switch table；
Specific embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference Accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.Three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits to be most widely used for the here, especially track are handed over As a example three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits used by DC-drive locomotive in logical, provide the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
System Basic Topological
In this preferred embodiment, the system topology of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits is as shown in Figure 1；Three sections of bridge-type unsteady flow electricity Road includes convertor circuit and the current-variable controller for controlling its each switching tube trigger pulse, in convertor circuit and Variable flow control It is connected with fault processing unit, for receiving, processing part input voltage U2 and the output of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits between device Voltage U1, carries out coded treatment to the result waveform drawing, determines the switching tube breaking down by coding；By Variable flow control Device changes each switching tube trigger pulse, changes the connected mode of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits simultaneously, to realize after breaking down, The output voltage U1 of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits still can gamut adjustment between 0 and former rated voltage Ud.
In three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits：VD1-VD4 is power diode；VT1-VT6 is IGCT；A1-b1-x1 and A2-x2 is two groups of tractive windings of traction convertor；75R and 76R is protective resistance, for absorbing part overvoltage；11L and 12L is respectively the smoothing reactor of two traction electric machines.K1-K5 switchs for faults-tolerant control.UdFor system input voltage, wherein, Voltage on a2x2 winding is 1/2Ud, the voltage on a1b1 and b1x1 is respectively 1/4Ud, define U here2For system input voltage A part of U2=1/4Ud；U1For system output voltage.
Above-mentioned fault processing unit includes：
Signal conversion module, connects the input to three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits and outfan, partly defeated for receiving it Enter voltage U2 and output voltage U1；
Whether fault diagnosis module, connect to signal conversion module, open a way for three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits of diagnosis Fault；
Fault location module, connects to signal conversion module, for break down in three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits of positioning Switching tube；
Interface module, connects to fault diagnosis module, fault location module and current-variable controller, by the fault detecting Calculate corresponding faults-tolerant control strategy, and this strategy is sent to current-variable controller；Transmission form is subjected to current-variable controller Form, usually MVB communication mode, or 485 bus modes；
Failure tolerant control module, connects to interface module, by faults-tolerant control strategy to described three sections of bridge-type unsteady flows electricity The mode of connection on road is adjusted；It includes being arranged at least five between each winding of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits and switching tube Faults-tolerant control switchs K1-K5；Faults-tolerant control switch is controlled by failure tolerant control module, changes its gear, and then changes described The mode of connection of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits.
Before introducing the particular circuit configurations of each module and the implementation method of function, analyze three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits first Basic functional principle, in order to explanation and understanding.
The basic functional principle of three sections of convertor circuits
The basic functional principle of three sections of convertor circuits can be divided into three phases, and the first stage is system worked well rank Section, second stage is diagnosis and the positioning of fault, and three phases are faults-tolerant control implementation of strategies.
During system worked well, according to the growth of load, put into three sections of bridges successively.
When system occurs bridgc arm short fault, due to being in series with fuse with brachium pontis, short trouble also can be extremely short It is changed into open fault in time, therefore, present invention primarily contemplates single brachium pontis open fault.Switching tube on arbitrarily single brachium pontis When there is open fault, the output waveform of system occurs obvious change, can unusual clear and definite characterization failure state, simultaneously Carry out comprehensive analysis in conjunction with other signals, can accurately determine the position that open fault occurs.
In faults-tolerant control stage, the diagnosis according to fault and the result of positioning, K1-K5 is switched by faults-tolerant control and changes control The input tranformer mode of connection processed, it is to avoid using the switching tube breaking down, system is changed into two sections of bridges, thus keeping system Gamut exports.There is a little difference with intact system only on output voltage Adjustment precision, do not interfere with locomotive and normally run.
System worked well state analysiss
When system is in normal condition, each switching tube is intact, and faults-tolerant control switch K1-K5 is all in its respective position On 1.
Initial start stage, system first puts into a of transformator2x2Winding, controls VT5And VT6Phase shifting angle thus realize output electricity Be pressed in 0 toBetween continuous variable：
Mode1(t1-t2)：Mode1Lower current direction (thick line is current path, similarly hereinafter) as shown in Figure 2, equivalent circuit diagram As shown in Figure 3.
Input voltage is in the positive half cycle of sine wave, in t1Moment, VT6Conducting, with reference to Fig. 2, current direction is：
a2→VD3→11L/12L→M→VD2→VD1→VT6→x2.
Voltage relationship can be obtained with reference to Fig. 3：
Wherein：1/2UdFor tractive transformer output voltage；L2For the inductance value of 11L and 12L, R1、L1And E1It is respectively and draw The equivalent resistance of motor, inductance and back-emf.It is respectively VD3、VD2、VD1、VT6On-state pressure Fall, due to mostly being 1V, can ignore, 75R and 76R is larger due to resistance, therefore electric current I2Also negligible.Therefore, by (1) Can obtain：
In this stage, output voltage U1It is slightly less than input voltage 1/2Ud, both variation tendencies are identical, and current transformer is defeated to loading Go out energy, load current I1Persistently rise up to t2, in t2Moment, input voltage natural zero-crossing, enter Mode2.
Mode2(t2-t3)：Mode2Lower current flow diagrams are as shown in figure 4, this stage, VT6On voltage reversal, VT6Bear Backward voltage turns off naturally, and electric current passes through VD1-VD4Afterflow, output voltage is 0 in this stage, output current I1Linear decline, directly To t3Moment VT5Conducting.
Mode3(t3-t4)：Mode3Lower current direction is as shown in figure 5, t3Moment is to be selected according to loading demand by control system Fixed, VT this moment5Conducting, input voltage is in negative half period.The input in this stage and Mode1When numerically just the same, direction On the contrary, output and Mode1Situation is consistent.Current transformer exports energy, load current I to load1Persistently rise up to t4, in t4When Carve, input voltage natural zero-crossing, VT5Naturally turn off, system enters Mode4.
Mode4(t4-t5)：Mode4, still as shown in figure 4, this stage, electric current is by VD for lower current direction1-VD4Afterflow, output Voltage x current and Mode2Unanimously, up to t5Moment VT6Conducting, system enters the subsequent work cycle.
Mode5(t5-t6)：This stage only puts into a for system2x2Working condition, when system load incrementally increases, output electricity Pressure reaches 1/2UdWhen (t6), system starts to put into a1b1.
Mode6(t6-t7)：Mode6Lower current direction is as shown in fig. 6, equivalent circuit diagram is as shown in Figure 7.This stage VT5With VT6Full gate is maintained to put, in t6Moment winding a1b1Put into, by controlling VT1And VT2The output of phase shift angle control system 1/2～ 3/4UdBetween change.If being now in positive half cycle, turn on VT2.Voltage relationship can be obtained by Fig. 7：
Wherein, 3/4UdExport winding a for tractive transformer2x2Plus a1b1On total voltage.
Therefore, can be obtained by (4)：
In t7Moment, input voltage natural zero-crossing, VT2Naturally turn off, system enters Mode7.
Mode7(t7～t8)：t7Moment, VT5And VT6Full gate is maintained to put, a1b1Winding is not involved in powering, and system is only by a2x2 Winding power, VD1And VD2Afterflow, output voltage changes with input voltage, and size is about 1/2Ud, current direction and equivalent circuit Figure and Mode1Identical, respectively as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
Mode8(t8～t9)：t8Moment, VT1Conducting, a1b1And a2x2To system power supply, output voltage, the size of electric current and Trend and Mode6Unanimously, current flow diagrams are as shown in Figure 8.
Mode9(t9～t10)：t9Moment input voltage natural zero-crossing, VT1Naturally turn off and bear backward voltage, VT5And VT6 Full gate is maintained to put, output voltage electric current and Mode3Unanimously, up to t10Moment VT2Conducting, system enters the subsequent work cycle.Electricity Stream flow direction is as shown in Figure 5.
Mode10(t10～t11)：This stage system puts into a1b1And a2x2, when system load incrementally increases, output voltage reaches To 3/4UdWhen (t10), system puts into b1x1.
Mode11(t11～t12)：VT5、VT6、VT1、VT2Triggering maintain full gate put, in t11Moment winding b1x1Put into, lead to Cross control VT3And VT4Phase shift angle control system export in 3/4Ud～UdBetween change.If being now in positive half cycle, turn on VT4, Current flow diagrams are as shown in figure 9, equivalent circuit diagram as shown in Figure 10, can obtain voltage relationship by Figure 10：
Wherein, UdExport winding a for tractive transformer2x2Plus a1x1On total voltage.
Therefore, can be obtained by (7)：
In t12Moment, input voltage natural zero-crossing, VT4Naturally turn off, system enters Mode12.
Mode12(t12～t13)：VT5、VT6、VT1And VT2Full gate is maintained to put, b1x1Winding is not involved in powering, and system is by a2x2 And a1b1Winding power, output voltage changes with input voltage, and size is about 3/4Ud, current direction and Mode6Identical, such as Fig. 6 Shown.
Mode13(t13～t14)：t13In the moment, turn on VT3, a1x1And a2x2Common to system power supply, output voltage size and Trend and Mode11Unanimously.Current direction is as shown in figure 11.
Mode14(t14～t15)：Input voltage natural zero-crossing, VT3Bear back-pressure naturally to turn off, VT5、VT6、VT1And VT2Dimension Hold full gate to put, system is by a2x2And a1b1Winding power, output voltage electric current and Mode112Unanimously, current direction Mode3It is identical, As shown in Figure 5.Until t15Moment VT4Conducting, system enters the subsequent work cycle.
To sum up, during system worked well, the waveform of each key point is as shown in figure 12.
System exception Working state analysis
Because, when on same brachium pontis in traction convertor system, down tube is opened a way respectively, waveform is consistent, only phase place is different.For letter Change fault diagnosis and the analysis of localization method, only analyze VT4, VT2, VD2, VT6And VD4During open circuit system working condition it is assumed that System has been enter into stable state：
VT4Open fault is analyzed
VT4Or VT3In t1There is open fault in the moment, as shown in figure 13, here is with VT for system waveform4As a example.
VT4-3Fault1：(t1-t2)：Now equivalent circuit diagram, with reference to Fig. 3, works as t1Moment VT4Because a variety of causes is opened Road fault, now, due to VT4Place brachium pontis path is cut off, and VT2Although there being trigger pulse, it bears backward voltage Cannot turn on, current direction is by Mode11Saltus step is to Mode1, U1Fall, I1Because of the collective effect of Voltage Drop and load inductance, open Beginning is gradually reduced, the equivalent circuit diagram in this stage and Mode1Identical, except for the difference that, I1Initial value different, and for declining shape State, until input voltage is in t2Moment zero passage terminates.This stage：
U1≈2U2(10)
VT4-3Fault2：(t2～t3)：t2Moment input voltage natural zero-crossing, b1x1Winding is not involved in powering, and system is by a2x2 And a1b1Winding power, current direction and equivalent circuit diagram and Mode1Identical, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, except for the difference that I1Initial , less than value this moment under normal condition, variation tendency is consistent for value.
VT4-3Fault3：(t3～t4)：t3When, VT3Conducting, this stage current flow graph and Mode13Identical, as Figure 11 institute Show.Except for the difference that, I1Initial value be less than value this moment under normal condition, variation tendency is consistent.
VT4-3Fault4：(t4～t5)：Due to VT2Bear forward voltage, and trigger pulse is put for full gate, VT2Conducting, electric current Flow direction and equivalent circuit diagram and Mode6Identical, as shown in Figure 6, Figure 7.
VT4-3Fault5：(t5After)：VT4In t5Moment cannot be turned on due to generation open fault, VT2Continue conducting, electricity Stream flow direction and equivalent circuit diagram still with Mode6Identical, as shown in Figure 6, Figure 7, until voltage natural zero-crossing enters next system week Phase.
VT2Open fault is analyzed
VT2Or VT1In t1There is open fault in the moment, as shown in figure 14, here is with VT for system waveform2As a example.
VT2-1Fault1：(t1～t2)：VT4Conducting can lead to VT2Bear back-pressure to turn off, therefore, VT4In turn on process, VT2 Open circuit probability is little.Assume t1Moment occurs in VT4When not turning on, t1Moment VT2Open circuit, U1Fall, lead to I1Rapid decrease, this Stage current flow direction and Mode1Identical, as shown in Fig. 2 until t2Moment VT4Conducting.U1And I1Meet following formula：
U1=2U2(12)
VT2-1Fault2：(t2～t3)：t2Moment VT4Bear forward voltage and trigger pulse arrives, begin to turn on.Now U1 =4U2, current direction and Mode11Identical, as shown in figure 9, I1Begin to ramp up, meet Mode11Computational methods, but initial value is not With.
VT2-1Fault3：(t3～t4)：t3Moment input voltage natural zero-crossing, VT1Bear forward voltage to begin to turn on, U1= 3U2, I1Variation tendency and Mode8Identical, initial value is different.Until t4Moment VT3Begin to turn on.
VT2-1Fault4：(t4～t5)：t4Moment VT3Conducting, VT1Bear backward voltage shutoff, current direction and Mode13One Cause, as shown in figure 11.Then into the next system cycle.
VD2Open fault is analyzed
VD2Or VD1In t1There is open fault in the moment, as shown in figure 15, here is with VD for system waveform2As a example.
VD2-1Fault1：(t1～t2)：Assume VD2In t1There is open fault in the moment, now, current path is cut suddenly Disconnected, high counter voltage is produced on inductive load, the parasitic capacitance discharge and recharge to each switching tube for the electric current, rapid decline, electric current As shown in figure 16, electric discharge moment completes flow direction, and hereafter electric current is 0 until t2Moment input voltage natural zero-crossing.
VD2-1Fault2：(t2～t3)：t2Moment input voltage natural zero-crossing, now current direction and Mode6Unanimously, as schemed Shown in 6, electric current initial value is 0, until t3Moment VT4Trigger pulse arrive.
VD2-1Fault3：(t3～t4)：This stage and Mode11Situation is consistent, and current direction is as shown in figure 9, VT4Conducting, electricity Stream is from VT2It is transferred to VT4, t4Moment input voltage natural commutation, VT4Because of VD2Open circuit, is still subject to forward voltage drop it is impossible to naturally close Disconnected.
VD2-1Fault4：(t4～t5)：This stage, VT5And VD4Full gate is put, due to VD2Open circuit, VT4Bear malleation cannot close Disconnected, meanwhile, lead to VT1It is also subjected to malleation and turn on, winding b1x1And a2x2Power supply, but b1x1 is reverse access, therefore U1= 1/2Ud-1/4Ud, until t5Moment VT3Trigger pulse arrive.This stage current flow direction is as shown in figure 17：
VD2-1Fault5：(t5～t6)：t5Moment, VT3Bear malleation conducting, VT1Turn off, system passes through VT4And VT3Afterflow, U1=2U2.Current direction is as shown in figure 18, until t6Moment, input voltage natural zero-crossing.
VD2-1Fault6：(t6～t7)：t6Moment input voltage natural commutation, now should be by VD3、VT6、VD1、VT2Composition Path, until VT4It is triggered.Due to VD2After open circuit, VT4Just cannot naturally turn off after first time turns on, be on all the time State, therefore, VT2Bear back-pressure always it is impossible to turn on.Therefore, t6Moment, VD1And VT4Full gate is put it is impossible to carry out dutycycle tune Section, U1=4U2, as shown in figure 19, up to input voltage natural commutation, system enters another cycle period to current direction.
VT6Open fault is analyzed
VT6Or VT5In t1There is open fault in the moment, as shown in figure 20, here is with VT for system waveform6As a example.
VT6-5Fault1：(t1～t2)：t1Moment VT6There is open fault, electric current is by VT6It is transferred to VD4, by VD3And VD4 Common offer freewheeling path.Voltage x current change meets following formula：
U1=2U2(15)
Current flow diagrams are as shown in figure 21, until input voltage natural commutation.
VT6-5Fault2：(t2～t3)：t2Moment input voltage commutates, VT4And VD1Naturally turn off, now VD2、VT1、VD4 And VT5Conducting, until VT3It is triggered.Current direction, electric current, change in voltage trend and Mode8Unanimously, as shown in Figure 8.
VT6-5Fault3：(t3～t4)：t3Moment VT4Conducting, current direction, voltage, curent change trend and Mode13One Cause, as shown in figure 11.
VT6-5Fault4：(t4～t5)：t4Moment input voltage natural commutation, VD4、VT5、VD2And VT3Naturally end, due to VT6Open fault, VD1And VT2Conducting, VD3And VD4Participate in afterflow, until VT4It is triggered, current direction is as shown in figure 22, voltage Curent change meets following formula description：
U1=U2(17)
VT6-5Fault5：(t5～t6)：In this stage, electric current is by VT2Transfer to VT4, voltage x current Changing Pattern and electric current stream To with VT6-5Fault1Pattern is identical, as shown in figure 21.Hereafter system enters next cycle.
VD4Open fault is analyzed
VD4Or VD3In t1There is open fault in the moment, as shown in figure 23, here is with VD for system waveform4As a example.
VD4-3Fault1：(t1～t2)：t1Moment VD4Open fault, current path is truncated, and electric current is by posting to system Raw electric capacity carries out that discharge and recharge is rapid to be declined until for 0, U1Fall, inductive load produces huge inverse electromotive force, this stage holds Continue to t2Moment input voltage natural commutation, current direction is as shown in figure 24.
VD4-3Fault2：(t2～t3)：t2Moment input voltage natural zero-crossing, VD3And VT6Full gate is put, now equivalent circuit Consistent with pattern 6 situation with current direction, as shown in Figure 6, Figure 7, electric current initial value is 0, until t3Moment VT4It is triggered.
VD4-3Fault3：(t3～t4)：This stage and Mode11Situation is consistent, as shown in Figure 9, Figure 10, VD3And VT6Full gate Put, VT4Conducting, electric current is from VT2It is transferred to VT4.This stage continues to t4The natural commutation again of moment input voltage, now VT6Cause VD4Disappearance, be still under forward voltage drop it is impossible to naturally turn off.
VD4-3Fault4：(t4～t5)：This stage, VT6Cannot naturally turn off.VT5In t4Moment bears forward voltage drop, simultaneously Obtain trigger pulse and turn on, system is by a1b1There is provided energy, VT to load5And VT6Participate in afterflow, therefore, current direction is as schemed Shown in 25.And voltage x current follows following formula change.
U1=U2(20)
VD4-3Fault5：(t5～t6)：t5Moment VT3Conducting, U1=2U2, electric current rising, VT5And VT6Continue afterflow.Until t6Moment input voltage natural zero-crossing.Current direction as shown in figure 26, enters another cycle period after system.
Fault diagnosis and positioning
As seen from the above analysis, when there is open fault in different switching tubes, output voltage U1Substantially, system is again for waveform change Secondary reach stable state after, output voltage obey as following formula change：
U1=f (t) × U2, f (t)={ 1or2or3or4 }
Wherein, the t residing for system determines f (t) value.Can see, U1All the time with U2In multiple proportion, combination ripple Shape map analysis understands, only in switching tube conducting or shutoff, U1Just there is saltus step, this saltus step just contains each The turn-on and turn-off information of individual switching tube, if certain switching tube is opened a way, its corresponding saltus step information also will disappear, in order to incite somebody to action This characteristic information extract, and the system intends collection U1And U2As diagnosis reference quantity.
U in contrast Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 20 and Figure 231And U2Waveform, it is seen that, U1With U2Definitely The variation tendency of value is consistent, and only the part in dutycycle effect has saltus step；Additionally, in the case of emergent power tube open circuit, Although U1Value there occurs change, still with U2Keep multiple proportion, and connect the switch tube open circuit event of different Transformer Winding Barrier, leads to the multiple that voltage declines different.Therefore, by by U1Deduct x times | U2| waveform is analyzed (x=1,2,3), Both the on, off information of switching tube can have been extracted it is also possible to extract be on earth which group switch tube open circuit, in conjunction with this two The information of kind, should be accurately positioned the switching tube of open circuit.Meanwhile, circuit realiration for convenience, detects the zero passage of obtained waveform State, so can will lie in output voltage U1Fault special medical treatment in waveform extract and digitized.
Because, in actual moving process, traction convertor is unlikely to simultaneously turn on for the upper down tube ensureing same brachium pontis, Carry out certain restriction therefore on trigger pulse, its angle of flow excursion is 5 ° -175 °, diagnostic analysiss below need This practical situation is taken into account.
Normal condition
Normal condition t1-t2Between moment, VT4Due to not triggering, not yet turn on, period VT2、VT6、VD1And VD3Full gate Put, U1=3U2, the switching range due to considering switching tube has been limited within the specific limits, therefore, in t1After moment About 2.78e-4About second, ZC2 and ZC3 has one because of VT2And VT6The zero-crossing pulse turning on and causing.
ZC1 is because in t1-t2Period is always 0, does not therefore have zero-crossing pulse；t2-t3Stage, VT4Conducting, U1=4U2.Connect The cyclic process principle got off is also so.Therefore, U1-x|U2| waveform as shown in figure 27 (x=1,2,3).
VT4Open fault
Work as VT4During open fault, system is in t2Moment enters new stable state, t2-t3Stage, VT1、VT5、VD2And VD4Conducting, U1=3 | U2|.In t2Moment after moment, ZC2 and ZC3 waveform is in VT1And VT5In the presence of conducting, zero-crossing pulse occurs；t3- t4Stage, VT3、VT5、VD2And VD4Conducting, U1=4 | U2|；t4-t6Stage, due to VT4Open circuit cannot turn on, and this stage is all VT2、VT6、VD1And VD3Conducting, U1=3 | U2|；Hereafter, system enters another cycle, and pattern is identical.From upper analysis, VT4In the case of there is open fault, U1-x|U2| waveform as shown in figure 28 (x=1,2,3).
VT2Open fault
Work as VT2During open fault, system is in t3Moment enters new stable state, t3-t5In the stage, system operation situation is transported with normal Row state consistency：
Because angle of flow when switching tube full gate is put limits, t3In very short time after moment, due to the conducting of switching tube, Zero-crossing pulse is produced on ZC2 and ZC3；t4Moment, due to VT2Cannot turn on, lead to the U corresponding to ZC21-2|U2| cannot mistake Zero, therefore, in t4Zero-crossing pulse can be detected on moment afterwards, only ZC3；t5-t6Moment, due to VT2Open circuit cannot turn on, Now VT5And VD4Conducting, VD1And VD2Participate in afterflow, U1=2 | U2|；Hereafter, enter another system cycle, pattern is identical.By Upper analysis understands, in VT2In the case of there is open fault, U1-x|U2| waveform as shown in figure 29 (x=1,2,3).
VD2Open fault
VD2After there is open fault, system is in t4Moment is again introduced into stable state.t4-t5Stage, due to VD2Open fault, this When, VT5And VD4Conducting, VT1And VT4It is also switched on, U1=| U2|；t5-t6Stage, VT5And VD4Continue conducting, VT3And VT4Participate in continuous Stream, U1=2 | U2|；t6-t7Stage, VT6、VD3、VT4And VD1Conducting, U1=4 | U2|.Hereafter, system enters the next circulating cycle Phase.From upper analysis, in VD2In the case of there is open fault, U1-x|U2| waveform as shown in figure 30 (x=1,2,3), Wherein, t6Moment after moment, the zero-crossing pulse on ZC1 and ZC2 is also due to the restriction of the switching tube angle of flow and produces.
VT6Open fault
VT6After there is open fault, system is in t2Moment enters new stable state, in t2-t3Stage, VD2、VT1、VD4And VT5Lead Logical, system is by a1b1, a2x2Two groups of windings provide energy, U1=3 | U2|；In t3-t4Stage, VT3Put into, U1=4 | U2|；t4-t5 Stage, VD1、VT2Conducting, VD3、VD4Afterflow, U1=| U2|；t5-t6Stage, VT4Begin to turn on, U1=2 | U2|.Hereafter, system is entered Enter next cycle period.From upper analysis, in VT6In the case of there is open fault, U1-x|U2| waveform such as Figure 31 institute Show (x=1,2,3).
VD4Open fault
VD4In t1Moment occur open fault, system through concussion after, in t4Moment enters new stable state.In t4-t5Stage, VT1And VD2Full gate is put, VT5And VT6Participate in afterflow, U1=| U2|；t5-t6Stage, VT3And VD2Full gate is put, VT5And VT6Continue continuous Stream, U1=2 | U2|；t6-t7Stage, conduction status respectively with mode6And mode11Unanimously, now：
Hereafter, system enters next cycle period.From upper analysis, in VD2In the case of there is open fault, U1- x|U2| waveform as shown in figure 32 (x=1,2,3).
Diagnostic method and circuit
Analyzed by above, when can switch tube open circuit according to difference, the difference of the mistake zero state of U1-x | U2 | waveform is right The open fault of variant switching tube is positioned, and the particular circuit configurations of each module and the implementation method of function are described below, And the concrete diagnostic method of open fault.
Figure 33 is in this preferred embodiment, the flow chart of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault diagnostic methods, as schemed institute Show, in conjunction with Fig. 1, three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault diagnostic methods proposed by the present invention comprise the steps：
S1, the output voltage U of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits of detection1With voltage U2, U2For system input voltage UdOne Point, U2=1/4Ud；
S2, by U1And U2Synchronize blood pressure lowering, then to U2Carry out all wave rectification to obtain | U2|；The method completing S2 is by U1 And U2Input signal modular converter；
S3, according to U1And U2Waveform, judge whether to break down, without breaking down, then go to S1 continue prison Survey, in the event of fault, then go to S3；Wherein：
Judge whether that the method breaking down is the U obtaining detection1、U2U during homologous ray normal work1、U2Compared Relatively, if variant, illustrate to there occurs fault.In the present embodiment, this process is completed by fault diagnosis module；
S4, in the event of fault, calculates U1-x|U2|, the value of x includes 1,2,3, obtains timing waveform U1-|U2|、U1-2| U2|、U1-3|U2|, then detection obtains timing waveform U1-|U2|、U1-2|U2|、U1-3|U2| zero-crossing pulse sequence ZC_T1, ZC_T2、ZC_T3；In the present embodiment, the calculating of U1-x | U2 | is still completed by signal conversion module；
S5, to output voltage U1Carry out zero passage detection, then produced zero-crossing pulse width is adjusted, obtained Different sequence ZCW_1, ZCW_2 of zero pulse width；
S6, by ZC_T1, ZC_T2, ZC_T3 of obtaining respectively with ZCW_1, ZCW_2 by with door, obtain pulse train ZC1 To ZC6；
S7, encodes to the zero-crossing pulse number in the pulse train a cycle obtaining, and is judged according to coding result The position that fault occurs.
In above-mentioned S1, S2 and S4, the process of U1-x | U2 | is completed by signal conversion module, and signal conversion module is to U1 and U2 Synchronize blood pressure lowering process, U2 is carried out rectification obtain | U2 |, calculate U1-x | U2 |, wherein x=1,2,3；U1-x | U2 | is sent out Deliver to fault diagnosis module.
Fault diagnosis module includes one or more of single-chip microcomputer and/or computer etc., and it passes through to obtain detection U1, U2 during U1, U2 homologous ray normal work are compared, if variant, illustrate to there occurs fault.
Remaining process of above-mentioned S4, S5, S6 and S7 are completed by fault location module, and fault location module is passed through to detect U1-x | U2 | waveform zero crossing, the zero-crossing pulse number in its two half period in a cycle is encoded, and is encoded with this To position the switching tube breaking down；Fault location result is sent to interface module.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, mainly include three groups of zero passage detection pulses in signal conversion module and fault location module to send out Raw circuit (ZCP) and two groups of Pulse-duration change-over circuits (ZCW), also should include the single-chip microcomputer for positioning analysises and/or computer, Fig. 3 is zero passage detection pulse generating circuit, and Fig. 4 is Pulse-duration change-over circuit.
As shown in figure 34, zero passage detection pulse generating circuit includes operational amplifier U1A, photo-coupler OC1, d type flip flop U3A, U3B, XOR gate U4A, resistance R11, R1f, R12, R1p, R2.Wherein, concatenation operation amplifier U1A in resistance R11 one end is anti- Phase input, resistance R1f one end, resistance R1f other end concatenation operation amplifier U1A outfan, photo-coupler U2 input, electricity Resistance R12 one end concatenation operation amplifier U1A normal phase input end, resistance R1p one end, resistance R1p another termination simulation ground, optical coupling Device U2 output terminating resistor R2 one end, d type flip flop U3A signal input part D, resistance R2 another termination running voltage VDD, D triggers Device U3A outfan Q connects an input of d type flip flop U3B signal input part D, XOR gate U4A, and d type flip flop U3B outfan Q connects Another input of XOR gate U4A.
Above-mentioned operational amplifier U1A is used for realizing U1-x|U2|, by selecting the value of different R11, R1f, R12 and R1p, X can be realized respectively and be equal to 1,2 and 3, photo-coupler OC1 is used for realizing U1-x|U2| the generation of zero passage detection pulse and waveform Shaping, d type flip flop U3A and U3B is used for realizing U1-x|U2| the edge pulse of zero passage detection impulse waveform produces, due toWhen choosing R1p=R12=R1f=R11, operational amplifier Outfan obtains U1-|U2|；When choosing R1f=2R11, R1p=1/2R12, operational amplifier output terminal obtains U1-2|U2|； When choosing R1f=3R11, during R1p=1/3R12, operational amplifier output terminal obtains U1-3|U2|, this process is examined by three groups of zero passages Survey pulse generating circuit to complete, the three group pulse sequences obtaining are ZCP1, ZCP2 and the ZCP3 mention in above-mentioned S4, wherein The operational amplifier of ZCPx is output as U1-x|U2|, final output is ZC_Tx.
Zero-crossing pulse in the zero-crossing pulse sequence after zero passage detection pulse generating circuit shown in Figure 34, obtaining has Four sources：1st, the switching tube that full gate is put produces when opening；2nd, dutycycle causes；3、U1-x|U2| generation of turning negative number to positive number 's；4th, input voltage natural zero-crossing causes.Here, most characteristic is by dutycycle and U1-x|U2| turn negative number to positive number and cause Pulse, other two kinds source pulses, there is very strong universality it is impossible to as failure judgement occur position foundation, and And also can affect normally to judge it is therefore desirable to be removed further.Therefore, diagnosis positioning circuit is improved, add One Pulse-duration change-over circuit, realizes to output voltage U1Zero passage detection and gained zero-crossing pulse train pulse width is entered Row adjustment so that produced pulse width is slightly less than the zero passage width of actual waveform, such that it is able to easily by the 1st, 4 kind The zero-crossing pulse in source filters.
As shown in figure 35, above-mentioned Pulse-duration change-over circuit includes：Photo-coupler OC2, not gate U7B, U7D, resistance R5.Its In, photo-coupler U5 output terminating resistor R5 one end, not gate U7B one end, resistance R5 another termination running voltage VDD, not gate U7B Output termination not gate U7D input.
Above-mentioned OC2 is used for realizing U1The generation of zero passage detection pulse and the shaping of waveform, not gate U7B, U7D are used for producing suitable Working as delay, thus filtering the above-mentioned 1st, zero-crossing pulse in 4 kind of source, this circuit being named as ZCW1, its zero-crossing pulse obtaining Sequence is the ZCW_1 mention in above-mentioned S5.U7B and U7D represents even number not gate here, and particular number will regard concrete unsteady flow Depending on type number, for example, if this circuit is applied on its traction convertor convertor circuit taking SS4B type locomotive as a example, its Not gate number in ZCW1 should be 6.
By ZC_T1, ZC_T2 and ZC_T3 respectively with ZCW_1 by with door, obtain three group pulse sequences ZC1, ZC2 and ZC3, It is encoded, obtains diagnosis pulse table shown in Figure 36, its meaning of numeral being wherein used for coding is in the 0-1/2 cycle and 1/ The quantity of pulse in 2-1 cycle ZC1, ZC2 and ZC3 sequence.System running state can be seen except VT5And VD4Open circuit and VT6And VD3Open fault cannot be accurately positioned, and other faults all can accurately diagnose and located.
Contrast VT6(VT5) and VD4(VD3) open fault oscillogram, see Figure 31 and Figure 32, in t6That zero passage of moment afterwards There is certain difference in pulse, work as VD in time4(VD3) open fault when, this pulse arrive ratio later, VT6(VT5) open circuit During fault, this pulse arrival time is more early.Reason is, VT6(VT5) open fault when, VD4(VD3) during afterflow, As long as forward voltage exceedes its threshold voltage, will turn on, this time is very short, therefore this zero-crossing pulse comes very fast Speed；And work as VD4(VD3) open fault when, participate in afterflow be VT6(VT5), their conducting be controlled by trigger pulse it is necessary to After 0.28ms, therefore, zero crossing comes later.By above-mentioned analysis, the circuit in Figure 35 slightly can be changed, subtract further Its output pulse width little, you can accomplish to filter VT6(VT5) under open circuit situation, t6Zero-crossing pulse after moment, but retain simultaneously VD4(VD3) open circuit when, t6Zero-crossing pulse after moment, the circuit after change is named as ZCW2, the zero-crossing pulse sequence that it obtains It is the ZCW_2 mention in above-mentioned S5.Concrete change mode is the number increasing not gate of connecting in circuit, and particular number will regard tool Depending on body current transformer model, for example, if the traction being applied to this kind of model becomes taking the traction convertor in SS4B type locomotive as a example In stream device, then the not gate number in ZCW2 is 12.
By ZC_T1, ZC_T2 and ZC_T3 respectively with ZCW_2 by with door, obtain three group pulse sequences ZC4, ZC5 and ZC6, By single-chip microcomputer and/or computer, it is encoded, obtain the secondary diagnostics table shown in Figure 37 it can be seen that now VT5And VD4 Open circuit and VT6And VD3Open fault can also accurately diagnose and located.
In sum, the theory diagram of system diagnostics is shown in Figure 38.As illustrated, first with ZC1, ZC2, ZC3 trigger pulse Sequence, as diagnosis basis, is once diagnosed, and the state that can diagnose and position includes：Normal condition, VT1Open circuit, VT2Open Road, VT3Open circuit, VT4Open circuit, VD1Open circuit, VD2Open circuit, VD4(VD3) open a way and VT5(VT6) 9 kinds of open circuit；If then diagnosing Fault be VD4(VD3) open a way and VT5(VT6) open circuit both, referring again to ZC4、ZC5、ZC6Pulse continue row carry out secondary Diagnosis, is accurately positioned VD3、VD4、VT5And VT6Open circuit, completes diagnosis and the positioning of all switching tubes；Now fault diagnosis mould Block and fault location module can send diagnosis and positioning result to interface module, and interface module includes single-chip microcomputer and/or computer And the interface being connected with current-variable controller, the diagnosis receiving and positioning result calculate corresponding faults-tolerant control by interface module Strategy, and faults-tolerant control strategy is sent to fault-tolerant control module different boundary current-variable controller.
Faults-tolerant control strategy
Occur single tube open fault after, due to the construction featuress of system itself, can by change input tranformer with The mode of connection of traction convertor, so that the remaining switching tube of system, fully achieves the original output of traction convertor Ability, only makees a little compromise on Adjustment precision；It is also desirable to trigger pulse to each switching tube while changing mode of connection It is adjusted.In the present embodiment, interface module sends the faults-tolerant control strategy of generation to fault-tolerant control module and unsteady flow control Device processed, fault-tolerant control module is passed through to change the gear that its faults-tolerant control switchs K1-K5, to change connecing of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits Line mode；Meanwhile, current-variable controller is according to the fault-tolerant strategy receiving, by the trigger pulse of each switching tube adjust to through toning The whole mode of connection matches.
Below, carry out the analysis of fault-tolerant strategy respectively for each switching tube open circuit situation.
Work as VT4When there is open fault, b1x1 winding cannot come into operation in the positive half cycle of system, leads to output voltage adjustable Range shorter, if but after system reset, K5 is switched to position 2, K4 switches to position 4, then a1x1 winding is integrally connected To VD1、VD2、VT3And VT4On, whole system is changed into upper and lower two series rectifier units, as shown in figure 39, need not adjust triggering Pulse, you can make output voltage in 0-UdBetween gamut adjustment, only slightly larger in the step-length of Voltage Cortrol, but do not affect draw The capacity operation of current transformer.Operation principle after adjustment, almost consistent with system nominal situation, will not be described in detail herein.
Work as VT2When there is open fault, now, a1b1 cannot be system power supply, K4 is switched to position 2, system also becomes It is to be powered to traction convertor from a1x1 as an entirety, as shown in figure 40.By VT3、VT4Control system dutycycle, VD1With VD2Participate in rectification, realize system output voltage in 0-UdBetween gamut change.
Work as VD2When there is open fault, a1b1 winding cannot come into operation in system negative half period, and b1x1 is in system failure mould When formula 4, also can have the opposite effect, lead to output voltage cannot realize gamut adjustment, and VT4Cannot turn off, system duty Than non-adjustable.Now, K3 switches to position 2, and K4 switches to position 3, and as shown in figure 41, so, a1x1 is just and VT1、VT2、VT3 And VT4Constitute new change flow structure, meanwhile, by VT1And VT2Trigger pulse exchange, you can to realize 0-1/2UdOutput Voltage is it is ensured that the total power of traction convertor exports.
Work as VT6When there is open fault, a2x2 cannot power to traction convertor in the positive half cycle of input voltage, leads to lead Draw current transformer output to decline, therefore, K1 is switched to position 2, K2 is switched to position 3, K3 is switched to position 3, K4 switching puts in place Put 2, K5 to remain unchanged, system switches to by a1x1, a2x2 and VD1、VD2、VT1、VT2、VT4And VT4The new construction of composition, VD3 And VD4Play afterflow effect, as shown in figure 42, such new construction still can meet the gamut adjustment of input voltage.
Work as VD4When there is open fault, a2x2 cannot power to traction convertor in the positive half cycle of input voltage, switching side Formula and VT6Similar under open circuit situation, as shown in figure 42.But after structural change, need by VT5And VT6Continue for system Stream, so also need to VT5And VT6Trigger pulse be changed to full gate simultaneously and send out, similarly there is switch element and bear in this structure Voltage is more than the situation of original system, but nor affects on the overall operation of system.
With VT4As a example, after it occurs open fault, execute above-mentioned faults-tolerant control strategy, now, VT3It is also excluded from Outside new topological structure, therefore, if VT3There is open fault it is also possible to take identical fault-tolerant strategy to be processed, with Reason, VT2And VT1, VT6And VT5, VD2And VD1, VD4And VD3Identical faults-tolerant control strategy all can be taken.To sum up, single tube can be obtained to open As shown in figure 43, when in table, numeral breaks down for a certain switching tube, corresponding controlling switch needs to switch the control strategy of road fault The position arrived.
In sum, the present invention proposes a kind of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss and diagnostic method. Input, output under input, the zero crossing distribution of output voltage difference waveform and normal condition when being broken down by analysis, contrast The zero crossing distribution of voltage difference waveform, and coordinate corresponding circuit, realize open fault positioning；The present invention is always according to diagnosis side Method proposes a kind of fault tolerant control method, using the mode of connection changing each switching tube, it is to avoid using the switching tube breaking down, Output voltage is allow to keep former scope.
Those of ordinary skill in the art should be understood：The foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention, and It is not used in the restriction present invention, all any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement within the spirit and principles in the present invention, done etc., all Should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss, including three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits, described three sections of bridge-types Convertor circuit includes current-variable controller for controlling its each switching tube trigger pulse it is characterised in that also including：
Fault processing unit, described fault processing unit is used for receiving, processing the part input of described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits Voltage U2And output voltage U1, to U1And U2Synchronize blood pressure lowering to process, to U2Carry out rectification to obtain | U2|, calculate U1-x|U2|, its Middle x=1,2,3, detect U1-x|U2| waveform zero crossing, to the zero-crossing pulse number in its two half period in a cycle Encoded, and encode to position the switching tube breaking down with this；Each switching tube triggering is changed by described current-variable controller Pulse, changes the connected mode of described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits simultaneously, and to realize after breaking down, described three sections of bridge-types become The output voltage U of current circuit1Still can be 0 and former rated voltage UdBetween gamut adjustment.
2. a kind of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss according to claim 1 are it is characterised in that described Fault processing unit includes：
Signal conversion module, connects the input to described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits and outfan, partly defeated for receiving it Enter voltage U2With output voltage U1；
Fault diagnosis module, connects to described signal conversion module, for diagnosing whether described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits occur Open fault；
Fault location module, connects to described signal conversion module, for positioning, event occurs in described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits The switching tube of barrier；
Interface module, connects to described fault diagnosis module, fault location module and described current-variable controller, by detect Calculation of fault corresponding faults-tolerant control strategy, and this strategy is sent to described current-variable controller；
Failure tolerant control module, connects to described interface module, by faults-tolerant control strategy to described three sections of bridge-type unsteady flows electricity The mode of connection on road is adjusted.
3. a kind of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss according to claim 2 it is characterised in that：
Described signal conversion module is used for receiving, process part input voltage U2And output voltage U1；Its processing procedure includes：Right U1And U2Synchronize blood pressure lowering to process, to U2Carry out rectification to obtain | U2|, calculate U1-x|U2|, wherein x=1,2,3；By described U1- x|U2| send to described fault diagnosis module；
Described fault diagnosis module passes through to detect U1-x|U2| waveform zero crossing, and by its with normal operating conditions under mistake Zero point is contrasted, and then judges whether described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits occur open fault；Failure detection result is sent To described interface module；
Described fault location module is passed through to detect U1-x|U2| waveform zero crossing, to it in a cycle two half periods In zero-crossing pulse number encoded, and encode to position the switching tube breaking down with this；By fault location result send to Described interface module；
Described interface module passes through failure detection result, fault location result calculates corresponding faults-tolerant control strategy, by fault-tolerant control System strategy feeds back to described current-variable controller with traction current transformation controller acceptable form, and changes described current-variable controller The trigger pulse being sent；Faults-tolerant control strategy is sent to failure tolerant control module simultaneously；
Failure tolerant control module, described failure tolerant control module, by faults-tolerant control strategy, change input using switch and become Depressor and the mode of connection of traction convertor, it is to avoid using the switching tube breaking down so that system uses remaining switching tube Complete unsteady flow process.
4. a kind of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss according to claim 2 are it is characterised in that realize The circuit of the function of described signal conversion module and described fault location module includes a kind of zero passage detection pulse generating circuit, institute State zero passage detection pulse generating circuit to include：Operational amplifier U1A, photo-coupler U2, d type flip flop U3A, U3B, XOR gate U4A, Resistance R11, R1f, R12, R1p, R2；Wherein
Resistance R11 one end concatenation operation amplifier U1A inverting input, resistance R1f one end, resistance R1f other end concatenation operation Amplifier U1A outfan, photo-coupler U2 input, resistance R12 one end concatenation operation amplifier U1A normal phase input end, resistance R1p one end, resistance R1p another termination simulation ground, photo-coupler U2 output terminating resistor R2 one end, d type flip flop U3A signal input End D, resistance R2 another termination running voltage VDD, d type flip flop U3A outfan Q connects d type flip flop U3B signal input part D, XOR gate One input of U4A, d type flip flop U3B outfan Q connects another input of XOR gate U4A.
5. a kind of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss according to claim 2 are it is characterised in that described Fault location module includes a kind of Pulse-duration change-over circuit it is characterised in that including：Photo-coupler U5 is non-including first Door, the even number not gate of the second not gate, resistance R5；Wherein
Photo-coupler U5 output terminating resistor R5 one end, first not gate one end, resistance R5 another termination running voltage VDD, first Non- gate output terminal connects the second not gate input, if not gate number more than two, remaining not gate is sequentially connected in series in the second not gate Outfan.
6. a kind of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault processing meanss according to claim 2 are it is characterised in that described Failure tolerant control module also includes be arranged between each winding of described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits and switching tube at least five Faults-tolerant control switchs；Described faults-tolerant control switch is controlled by described failure tolerant control module, changes its gear, and then changes institute State the mode of connection of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits.
7. a kind of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault diagnostic methods are it is characterised in that its step includes：
S1, the output voltage U of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits of detection1With input voltage Ud, make part input voltage U2=1/4Ud；
S2, by U1And U2Synchronize blood pressure lowering, then to U2Carry out all wave rectification to obtain | U2|；
S3, calculates U1-x|U2|, the value of x includes 1,2,3, obtains timing waveform U1-|U2|、U1-2|U2|、U1-3|U2|, detection Gained timing waveform U1-|U2|、U1-2|U2|、U1-3|U2| zero-crossing pulse sequence ZC_T1, ZC_T2, ZC_T3；
S4, to output voltage U1Carry out zero passage detection, then produced zero-crossing pulse width is adjusted, obtains zero passage arteries and veins Rush different sequence ZCW_1, ZCW_2 of width；
S5, by ZC_T1, ZC_T2, ZC_T3 of obtaining respectively with ZCW_1, ZCW_2 by with door, obtain pulse train ZC1 extremely ZC6；
S6, encodes according to certain coded system to the zero-crossing pulse number in the pulse train a cycle obtaining, root Carry out fault diagnosis and positioning according to coding result；
S7, produces faults-tolerant control strategy according to fault diagnosis and location result.
8. three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault diagnostic methods according to claim 7 are it is characterised in that by U1And U2 Input three groups of zero passage detection pulse generating circuits respectively, the output of this three groups of circuit is respectively ZC_T1, ZC_T2 and ZC_T3； U1 is inputted two groups of different Pulse-duration change-over circuits, by adjusting the pulsewidth of U1 zero-crossing pulse sequence, filters full gate and decontrol Close the zero-crossing pulse that the zero-crossing pulse producing when pipe is opened and input voltage natural zero-crossing cause, obtain zero-crossing pulse sequence ZCW_ 1 and ZCW_2.
9. three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault diagnostic methods according to claim 7 are it is characterised in that in step S6 Coded system be, the statistics 0-1/2 cycle, in the 1/2-1 cycle ZC1-ZC3 zero-crossing pulse number, and according to the 0-1/2 cycle ZC1 zero-crossing pulse number, 0-1/2 cycle ZC2 zero-crossing pulse number, 0-1/2 cycle ZC3 zero-crossing pulse number, in the 1/2-1 cycle ZC1 zero-crossing pulse number, ZC2 zero-crossing pulse number in the 1/2-1 cycle, in the 1/2-1 cycle, the order of ZC3 zero-crossing pulse number is entered Row coding, obtains diagnosing pulse table；Then ZC4-ZC6 is also encoded according to the method described above, obtained secondary diagnosis pulse table.
10. three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit open fault diagnostic methods according to claim 7 are it is characterised in that also include Fault tolerant control method；Described faults-tolerant control strategy is the wiring side by changing described three sections of bridge-type convertor circuit breaker in middle pipes Formula, it is to avoid using the switching tube breaking down, the output voltage of three sections of bridge-type convertor circuits after being adjusted with realization is still Continuously can adjust between 0 and former rated output voltage.
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