CN104327824A - 提高石油采收率的新型压裂液 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种提高石油采收率的新型压裂液。主要解决了现有胍胶压裂液没有驱油作用及破胶后残渣含量高对地层渗透率伤害较大的问题。该新型压裂液的组分及配比按质量百分比如下：聚合物0.2%-0.25%，助排剂0.1%，复合交联剂0.05%-0.1%，过硫酸铵0.1%，余量为水。该提高石油采收率的新型压裂液，无残渣，在渗透率10～420mD储层应用，既可驱油、又可作为压裂液工作液使用双重作用，与胍胶压裂液相比较，提高了油井生产有效期，产量稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及油田采油领域中一种压裂液，尤其是一种提高石油采收率的新型压裂液。
背景技术
压裂液是水力压裂改造的关键性环节，主要功能是张开裂缝并沿缝输送支撑剂，常用的水基压裂液以胍胶压裂液为主，水不溶物含量高约10％左右，易形成滤饼、阻隔了胍胶进一步深入地层内部，在裂缝内形成了互不干扰的内外环境，没有驱油作用；该滤饼还存在破胶困难，破胶后残渣含量高，对地层渗透率伤害较大的缺点，尤其是低温地层(≤40℃)，破胶不彻底，造成产量衰减快、生产有效期短的问题。
发明内容
本发明在于克服背景技术中存在的现有胍胶压裂液没有驱油作用及破胶后残渣含量高对地层渗透率伤害较大的问题，而提供一种提高石油采收率的新型压裂液。该提高石油采收率的新型压裂液，无残渣，在渗透率10～420mD储层应用，既可驱油、又可作为压裂液工作液使用双重作用，与胍胶压裂液相比较，提高了油井生产有效期，产量稳定。
本发明解决其问题可通过如下技术方案来达到：该提高石油采收率的新型压裂液，其组分及配比按质量百分比如下：聚合物0.2％-0.25％，助排剂0.1％，复合交联剂0.05％-0.1％，过硫酸铵0.1％，余量为水。
所述的复合交联剂为10％硫酸铝与0.25％盐酸按2：3比例配制而成；所述的助排剂为JXP-D助排剂；所述的聚合物为WH924聚合物。
该提高石油采收率的新型压裂液的制备方法：在水中加入聚合物搅拌3min至完全溶胀，然后加入助排剂，测量pH值为7，然后加入复合交联剂，搅拌均匀；再加入过硫酸铵，搅拌均匀即可。
复合交联剂水解过程：
金属离子水合：AL3++6H20→[AL(H2O)6]3+
金属离子水解：[AL(H2O)6]3+→[AL(H2O)6OH]2++H+1
盐酸水解：(该过程生成的H+减缓了[AL(H2O)6OH]2+的生成，从而延缓了交联速度)
羟桥作用：
进一步水解和羟桥作用：
→多核羟桥络离子+pH+1+2pH20
新型聚合物压裂液WH924-COOH溶液电离：
WH924-COO-与多核羟桥络离子结合产生交联
助排剂用于压裂后加快返排速率，提高压裂液破胶水化液返排率；过硫酸铵具有压裂后使聚合物快速破胶的作用，减少聚合物残胶滞留对地层造成伤害作用。
所述的复合交联剂，其中硫酸铝中的铝离子在水解的过程中发生水合、水解，生成水合铝离子，然后通过羟桥作用实现聚合，形成多核羟桥络离子，与WH924聚合物中的羧基进行交联，形成体型网状聚合物；碳酸水解生成的H+1，随着H+1浓度增大，金属离子水解平衡向左移动，羟基水合离子生成量减少，减缓了多核羟桥络离子的生成，这样就减缓了与羧基交联的络离子浓度，使铝盐交联起到抑制作用，从而达到延缓交联的作用。
本发明与上述背景技术相比较可具有如下有益效果：该提高石油采收率的新型压裂液，与胍胶压裂液比，本发明新型压裂液初滤失量是胍胶压裂液的6-7倍，远大于胍胶压裂液，滤失系数相近，进一步说明了新型压裂液残渣含量极少，对地层伤害小，不形成滤饼，可以滤失较远的距离；本发明新型压裂液剪切30min后粘度高于胍胶压裂液，有利于进入地层后粘度损失的减少。
附图说明：
附图1两种压裂液40度、170S-1剪切粘度随时间变化曲线；
附图2压后两种压裂液日增油情况对比曲线图。
具体实施方式：
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例所用的复合交联剂为10％硫酸铝与0.25％盐酸按2：3比例配制而成；WH924型聚合物购自四川晨瑞石油化工有限责任公司；JXP-D高温环保型助排剂购自大庆市奥普琦化工助剂有限公司。
实施例1
称取WH924型聚合物0.25g、JXP-D助排剂0.1g、复合交联剂0.5g、过硫酸铵0.1g和水99.05g。
在99.05g水中加入0.25gWH924型聚合物搅拌3min至完全溶胀，然后加入0.1gJXP-D助排剂，测量pH值为7，然后加入0.5g复合交联剂，搅拌均匀；再加入0.1g过硫酸铵，搅拌均匀即配制成本发明新型压裂液。
实施例2
称取WH924型聚合物0.2g、JXP-D助排剂0.1g、复合交联剂1g、过硫酸铵0.1g和水98.6g。
在98.6g水中加入0.2gWH924型聚合物搅拌3min至完全溶胀，然后加入0.1gJXP-D助排剂，测量pH值为7，然后加入1g复合交联剂，搅拌均匀；再加入0.1g过硫酸铵，搅拌均匀即配制成本发明新型压裂液。
将上述实施例制备的本发明提高石油采收率的新型压裂液与胍胶压裂液对比，其综合性能评价如下：
表1 胍胶与新型压裂液性能评价对比
表2 40℃、3.5MPa、36min滤失性能评价
本发明新型压裂液残渣含量小、对地层伤害小；如图1所示，剪切30min后粘度高于胍胶压裂液，有利于进入地层后粘度损失的减少。
新型压裂液初滤失量是胍胶压裂液的6-7倍，滤失系数相近，进一步说明了新型压裂液残渣含量极少，不形成滤饼，可以滤失较远的距离。
新型压裂液体系，几乎无残渣，初滤失量远大于胍胶压裂液，在压裂施工时，利用水力压裂高泵压注入液体，针对不同渗透率地层，设计不同的压裂前置液用量或改变配方，对其初滤失量进行控制，达到合理的渗透距离，使裂缝附近的不饱和难动用油在前置液大量滤失液的推动下，有效洗油距离达到约0.8m-1m，随着生产，难动用油变成可动用，重新排出地层，增大了裂缝周围的渗流通道；而且聚合物还能与交联剂形成可挑挂的冻胶，携带支撑剂填充裂缝，体现出剪切性能好、携砂能力强、对支撑裂缝导流能力伤害小、破胶快速，能正常完成高砂比施工的优点。与胍胶压裂液对比压后效果：前5个月产油曲线比胍胶高出一个剪刀状，证实了新型压裂液具有驱油效果，6个月后，曲线略高于胍胶，幷一直保持产油稳定的特点。
采用提高采收率的新型压裂液体系进行压裂施工的23口油井的初期平均采油强度为1.12t/m.d，同区块普通压裂液施工井的初期平均采油强度为1.06t/m.d，提高5.3％；试验井已生产了9个月(如图2所示)，仍有效，同时期生产的对比井平均有效期6.47个月，现已无效；试验井后期生产稳定，产量高而对比井产量逐步走低至无效，通过现场试验，证实聚合物压裂液体系能够满足低温地层的压裂施工，低伤害，有提高石油采收率的效果。
Claims (3)
1.一种提高石油采收率的新型压裂液，其组分及配比按质量百分比
如下：聚合物0.2%-0.25%，助排剂0.1%，复合交联剂0.05%-0.1%，过硫酸铵0.1%，余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高石油采收率的新型压裂液，其特征在于：所述的复合交联剂为10%硫酸铝与0.25%盐酸按2：3比例配制而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高石油采收率的新型压裂液，其特征在于：所述的助排剂为JXP-D助排剂；所述的聚合物为WH924聚合物。
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109337663A (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-02-15 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司工程技术研究院 | 低渗透储层用连续混配驱油型压裂液及其制备方法和应用 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104327824B (zh) | 2017-07-25 |
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