CN104325838B - A kind of high ferro wheel and hot extrusion integral forming method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of high ferro wheel and hot extrusion integral forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104325838B CN104325838B CN201410562310.2A CN201410562310A CN104325838B CN 104325838 B CN104325838 B CN 104325838B CN 201410562310 A CN201410562310 A CN 201410562310A CN 104325838 B CN104325838 B CN 104325838B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high ferro wheel and hot extrusion integral forming method thereof, be made up of double composition metallic steel, including the wheel rim being made up of low-alloy steel, wheel rim and tread portions, and the wheel hub that is made up of medium carbon steel and spoke part.Not only remain medium carbon steel part toughness plasticity can be basically unchanged, also significantly improve intensity and the hardness in low-alloy steel region, add wearability and anti-contact fatigue.In process, carry out clad steel hot extrusion solid forging by three hydraulic presses to be molded, by blanking → heating → the → hydraulic press blank preforming → second hydraulic press blank shaping → the three hydraulic press shaping correction → product inspection, warehouse entry and other process steps, achieve hot extrusion process efficient, quick, reliable, yield rate is high, stable performance, reliable, its wheel is particularly suitable on high-speed railway for a long time, is widely used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high ferro wheel and the hot extrusion integral forming method of high ferro wheel used on a kind of high-speed railway, belong to
Railway equipment field.
Background technology
The manufacture of countries in the world train wheel, except a small amount of use cast steel in addition to, be to use steel ingot base mostly, forge and press, roll after warp
The rolled steel wheel that machining is formed.At present, China's high ferro wheel all relies on import, and domestic wheel manufacturer relies on import two
The rolled steel wheel that hand equipment produces, because technical matters falls behind, is not used in the high ferro of China.
Along with China's high ferro construction enters peak period, high ferro wheel moulding process improves becomes inevitable.Wherein, the newly-built height of China
The technological process of iron wheel fabrication line is mainly: steel billet is the most preforming through jumping-up, impression and die forging on three hydraulic presses
Complete forging and stamping process Deng work step, then roll expanding on milling train, finally punching on a hydraulic press, bend, correct, shape
Become finished product high ferro wheel, as shown in Figure 1.And the wheel forming technology flow process used when countries such as the day before yesterday, moral, English, U.S.s
For: the blank that steel ingot is made first forges into forging through blocking and two work steps of die forging on same hydraulic press, expanding through rolling
After, punching on another hydraulic press, press-bending, complete high ferro wheel and make.Two kinds of wheel forming technology flow processs latter half of
Essentially identical, except for the difference that first half swaged sections, the former completes respectively through four work steps by steel billet on three hydraulic presses, after
Person's steel billet completes on same hydraulic press through two work steps, and the former productivity ratio is higher, but needs increase by two hydraulic presses and add
The tonnage of big hydraulic die press, equipment investment and floor space are big；The latter forges and presses work step and hydraulic press number of units is few, productivity ratio
Low, it is impossible to give full play to the usefulness of subsequent handling equipment.Though cutting both ways, but all there is a critical defect in two kinds of techniques,
I.e. during rolling is expanding, the metal streamline prolonging longitudinal development there will be tomography at expanding place, and expanding shaping area occurs
By the metal streamline of rolling direction of rotation extension, expansion area metal structure is developed to open texture by compact tissue, this metal
Streamline becomes the maximum potential safety hazard of finished product.
How to avoid the internal defect existed of above-mentioned rolled steel wheel, improve the overall performance of high ferro wheel, just become the present invention and want
The subject matter solved.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existed in view of above-mentioned existing high ferro wheel performance, and overcome rolled steel wheel inevitable work present in the forging process
Skill defect, it is desirable to provide a kind of high ferro wheel produced by bimetallic hot extrusion integral shaping method and processing side thereof
Method, to meet the specially-shaped needs of high ferro wheel, it is ensured that the overall serviceability of high ferro wheel.
High-speed wheel, as the important spare part of bullet train, plays and supports the weight of whole train and driving force and brake force
Passing to the effect of rail, it uses quality direct relation operation safety and the safety of passenger's lives and properties of train.Under
Face, is using and stress wear process carries out situation analysis explanation high ferro wheel in conjunction with both macro and micro both direction:
In wheel metal surface, due to the effect of running surface of wheeltrack contact stress in the operation of high ferro wheel, cause wheel tread table
Layer metal plastic deformation also causes germinating and the development of fatigue crack, makes wheel tread be easy to produce contact fatigue damage.With
High ferro speed and exceed 300 kilometers per hour, the possibility that the lower hardness of wheel comes in contact Fatigue peelback is the biggest, and wheel grinds
Consumption speed is significantly increased.For ensureing that the safety of high ferro wheel is must be requested that wheel tread has good comprehensive mechanical performance, i.e.
Higher intensity and hardness, and good wheel contacting fatigue resistance and wearability.At present, high ferro wheel is with carbon steel
It is main rolled steel wheel, good intensity and hardness will be obtained, not only can not improve the mechanical performance of wheel by increasing carbon content,
Also can sacrifice the toughness plasticity of steel, make wheel combination property decline.Reasonably way is: at positions such as wheel rim, wheel rim and treads
Using low alloy material, wheel hub, spoke use medium carbon steel, increase the bulk strength of wheel on the premise of ensureing wheel toughness
And hardness, it is thus achieved that good wheel contacting fatigue resistance and wearability, and under the cooperation of corresponding molten forging process, complete double
The processing of metallic steel high ferro wheel, the perfect finished wheel of performance needed for formation, it is to avoid rolled steel wheel is formed in Forging Technology
Inevitable defective workmanship.
In terms of the metal material of inside wheel, research finds, only is difficult to optimize the comprehensive of wheel steel material by adjustment carbon content
Performance, it is impossible to meet the requirement of high speed train wheel steel.Determine reduction carbon content, improve ferrite, pearlite to Austria
Under the principle of critical-temperature during family name's body phase transformation, in addition it is also necessary to use suitable alloying means.Wherein, compatible bimetallic is used
During the high ferro wheel of composition, low-alloy steel can be used at wheel rim, wheel rim and tread, at wheel hub and spoke, use medium carbon steel.
In low-alloy steel region, Cr, Mn, Si element is solid-solution in austenite completely, improves the quenching degree of steel；Ti element is with carbon
Change TiC form pinning, in austenite grain boundary, prevents growing up of austenite crystal；Alloy substrate (Cr, Mn, Fe) and carbonization
Thing TiC cooperatively acts on matrix, makes steel produce higher intensity, hardness and wear resistance, meanwhile, also maintains good
Good toughness.Cementite is dissolved with the alloying elements such as Cr, Mn, Si, makes alloyed cementite mutually more stable.At austenitizing
During, the rate of dissolution of cementite reduces.In bullet train running, owing to brake produces frictional heat, cause car
Wheel surface steep temperature rise, even up to austenite transition temperature, but this process relative brevity, if wheel steel original structure
Middle cementite is mutually more stable, will delay the original structure conversion rates to austenite to a certain extent, reduces in rapid cooling subsequently
During form the possibility of martensite.
Therefore, drawn by above-mentioned analysis: for improve high ferro wheel overall performance, it is ensured that the high-wearing feature of wheel rim and tread with
And hardness and intensity, a kind of high ferro wheel of the present invention is realized by techniques below scheme:
A kind of high ferro wheel, is made up of double composition metallic steel, including: wheel rim, wheel rim and the tread portion being made up of low-alloy steel
Point, and the wheel hub that is made up of medium carbon steel and spoke part.In low-alloy steel, the chemical composition in addition to Fe (%) is:
C:0.17%-0.23%, Si:0.27%-0.35%, Mn:0.80%-0.90%, Cr:0.26%-0.30%, Ti:0.06%-
0.10%, S≤0.01%, P≤0.01%, Als≤0.021%, V≤0.05%, Mo≤0.08%, Ni≤0.30%, Cu≤
0.20%.In medium carbon steel, the chemical composition in addition to Fe (%) is: C:0.46%-0.52%, Si:0.27%-0.35%,
Mn:0.60%-0.90%, Cr:0.19%-0.30%, Ti≤0.01%, S≤0.01%, P≤0.01%, Als≤0.021%, V
≤ 0.05%, Mo≤0.08%, Ni≤0.30%, Cu≤0.20%.Wherein, in finished product high ferro wheel, the thickness of tread to wheel rim
Degree is 35mm.
It addition, in the processing method of high ferro wheel, for China and English, day, De Deng state existing train wheel Forging Technology
Sunykatuib analysis and compare, in conjunction with current manufacturing lines operation conditions, draw: current technology forging and stamping work step many, production efficiency
Low, and owing to steel billet size is difficult to control to, end face is uneven, easily goes out bias, it has to strengthening amount of machining, loss is serious；
Simultaneously as depth of cup is wayward, the pattern draft of jumping-up ring and die forging die cavity is in opposite direction, and die forging process there will be
It is not fully filled and scraps phenomenon.
The hot extrusion integral forming method of high ferro wheel of the present invention various base preform work steps have been carried out system test and
Relatively, result proves, short by ton hydraulic press global formation production technology processing high ferro wheel flow process, three work steps complete
Wheel forges, and yield rate is high, and productivity ratio, up to per hour 120, has huge technological progress to existing home and abroad processing technology
With notable technique effect, its concrete grammar includes:
Step one, blanking
Selecting the bimetallic bar of ￠ 400mm specification, deviation of weight ± 2kg, saw material gradient≤2mm blanking forms stock, double gold
The center belonging to bar is medium carbon steel, and circumferencial direction is coated with the low-alloy steel that thickness is 30mm.Chemical composition in low-alloy steel
For: C:0.17%-0.23%, Si:0.27%-0.35%, Mn:0.80%-0.90%, Cr:0.26%-0.30%,
Ti:0.06%-0.10%, S≤0.01%, P≤0.01%, Als≤0.021%, V≤0.05%, Mo≤0.08%, Ni≤
0.30%, Cu≤0.20%.In medium carbon steel, chemical composition is: C:0.46%-0.52%, Si:0.27%-0.35%,
Mn:0.60%-0.90%, Cr:0.19%-0.30%, Ti≤0.01%, S≤0.01%, P≤0.01%, Als≤0.021%, V
≤ 0.05%, Mo≤0.08%, Ni≤0.30%, Cu≤0.20%.
The rough turn correction carrying out stock on lathe is may additionally include, to ensure the accurate of blank size and shape after described blanking
Property.
Step 2, heating
Stock enter stove heating, heating-up temperature at 1150 ± 30 DEG C, feeding of then coming out of the stove next procedure.
Step 3, the first hydraulic press blank are preforming
It is preforming that the hydraulic press selecting pressure to be 120000KN carries out forging hot extrusion, determines journey level pressure, and extrusion speed is 40-
100mm/s, opening speed is 100-160mm/s, after jumping-up → extrude is preforming, pre-formed workpieces top in upper mold backhaul
Go out, send into next procedure.
Step 4, the second hydraulic press blank shaping
The hydraulic press selecting pressure to be 80000KN carries out hot extrusion molding embryo, uses and determines journey pressurization methods, and extrusion speed is
40-100mm/s, opening speed is 100-160mm/s, after hot extrusion blank is molded, is molded blank by certainly in upper mold backhaul
Move and eject and send into next procedure.
Step 5, the 3rd hydraulic press shaping are revised
Selecting 5000T level hydraulic press to be shaped revising, pressure is set as 30000KN, and extrusion speed is 40-100mm/s, returns
Cheng Sudu is 100-160mm/s, determines journey level pressure, after punching, bending, correct, complete in upper mold backhaul finished wheel from
Move and eject.
Step 6, testing finished wheel, product warehousing after passing, bimetallic high ferro wheel machines.
A kind of high ferro wheel of the present invention and hot extrusion integral forming method thereof, by the wheel rim of high-speed wheel, wheel rim
With employing low-alloy steel at tread, at wheel hub and spoke, use common medium-carbon steel, not only remain medium carbon steel part toughness plasticity
Can be basically unchanged, also significantly improve intensity and the hardness in low-alloy steel region, add wearability and anti-contact fatigue,
Make bimetallic high ferro wheel overall performance be obviously improved and improve, meet the use needs of high-speed railway.It addition, use
Three ton hydraulic presses carry out clad steel hot extrusion solid forging shaping, and blank jumping-up is abundant, preform process is stable,
Reliably, shaping and makeover process is simple, convenient, it is to avoid in conventional technique, expanding process makes what metal streamline do not planned a successor to lack
Falling into, meanwhile, blank is preforming and forming process completes respectively on two hydraulic presses, then completes punching through the 3rd hydraulic press
Hole, bending and correct, the production line making three hydraulic presses constitute can give full play to effect of individual device, technological process
Short, yield rate is high, and production efficiency significantly improves, and can produce 120 finished wheels per hour, greatly reduce cost, saves
Production time, reduce energy resource consumption, make finished product high ferro wheel not only meet use needs, also improve the competing of product
Strive power, be particularly suitable on high-speed railway for a long time, be widely used.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the processing technology figure of existing high ferro wheel；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of high ferro wheel of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the process chart of high ferro wheel heat of the present invention extruding integral forming method.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail:
As in figure 2 it is shown, a kind of high ferro wheel of the present invention, it is made up of double composition metallic steel, forms including by low-alloy steel
Wheel rim 1, wheel rim 3 and tread 2 part, and the wheel hub 5 that is made up of medium carbon steel and spoke 4 part.The overall chi of high ferro wheel
Very little need meet concerned countries standard, and meanwhile, in wheel, tread 2 is 35mm to the thickness of wheel rim 3.Wherein, for maintaining low-alloy
Steel district wheel rim 1, wheel rim 3 and the overall performance of tread 2, the chemical composition in low-alloy steel includes: Fe:97.989%,
C:0.21%, Si:0.32%, Mn:0.81%, Cr:0.30%, Ti:0.08%, S:0.004%, P:0.005%, Als:
0.011%, V:0.001%, Mo:0.02%, Ni:0.1%, Cu:0.15%.Medium carbon steel district wheel hub 5 becomes with chemistry in spoke 4
Divide and include: Fe:97.654%, C:0.50%, Si:0.32%, Mn:0.85%, Cr:0.21%, Ti:0.004%, S:
0.005%, P:0.002%, Als:0.015%, V:0.025%, Mo:0.035%, Ni:0.20%, Cu:0.18%.
A kind of hot extrusion integral forming method of above-mentioned high ferro wheel, in addition to the normal material purchases of early stage, checking and accepting, bag
Including: blanking → heating → the first hydraulic press blank is preforming → and second hydraulic press blank shaping the → the three hydraulic press shaping revises
→ product inspection → warehouse-in.As it is shown on figure 3, concrete steps include:
Step 1, blanking select the bimetallic bar of ￠ 400mm specification, deviation of weight ± 2kg, saw material gradient≤2mm blanking
Forming stock, the center of bimetallic bar is medium carbon steel, and circumferencial direction is coated with the low-alloy steel that thickness is 30mm.
Before every bimetallic bar blanking, it must be determined that the dimensions of bar, calculate the blank size of wheel blanks.Press
Technological requirement, selects the sawing machine of blanking specification ＞ ￠ 400mm to carry out blanking, and wheel blank is weight based on part.
For ensureing blank size, the stock after blanking can also go up that lathe is rough turn rectifies a deviation.
Lower good stock is put into stove heating by step 2, heating, heating and temperature control at 1150 DEG C, feeding of then coming out of the stove
Next procedure.
Step 3, the first hydraulic press blank preforming selection pressure are that the hydraulic press of 120000KN carries out forging hot extrusion preformation
Type, determines journey level pressure, and extrusion speed is 40-100mm/s, and opening speed is 100-160mm/s, preforming through jumping-up → extrude
After, in upper mold backhaul, pre-formed workpieces ejects, and sends into next procedure.
Affected and quality requirement by following process process, must be first by ton in jumping-up, extruding preform process
Hydraulic press carries out abundant jumping-up, to form preforming blank complete, reliable.
The hydraulic press that step 4, the second hydraulic press blank shaping select pressure to be 80000KN carries out hot extrusion molding embryo, root
According to discharging frequency, using and determine journey pressurization methods, extrusion speed controls at 60mm/s, and opening speed controls at 130mm/s, through heat
Blank shaping after extruding, in upper mold backhaul, shaping blank is sent into next procedure after automatic ejection.
This step is for closing key control operation, and this procedure decides steel billet blanking quality, machining allowance, material behavior really
Fixed, and the shadow that forming process is produced by deformation velocity, temperature, friction condition, blank shape, size and mould structure etc.
Ring.Wherein, using the force energy consumption of plasticity finite element method computational plasticity process, the material calculating deformation work step divides
Cloth, stress distribution and metal flow, provide foundation for optimizing process and design mold cavity.By tentative calculation repeatedly, root
Constantly revise according to the information of metal deformation flow and adjust blank and die size, optimizing technology parameters and mould structure, final
Go out the best processing route that high ferro wheel shapes.
Step 5, the 3rd hydraulic press shaping are revised and are selected 5000T level hydraulic press to be shaped revising, and pressure is set as
30000KN, extrusion speed is 80mm/s, and opening speed is 140mm/s, determines journey level pressure, after punching, bending, correct,
Finished wheel automatic ejection is completed in upper mold backhaul.
Step 6, testing finished wheel, product warehousing after passing, bimetallic high ferro wheel machines.
The wheel rim of above-mentioned finished product bimetallic high ferro wheel is carried out tensile property, hardness and the examination of impact property conventional mechanical property
Test, it was therefore concluded that for: compared with carbon steel wheel (intensity and the hardness of carbon steel wheel are respectively 827MPa and HB237), containing steel alloy
Intensity and the hardness of wheel steel material are significantly improved, and increment is respectively 163MPa and HB44, especially away from tread 35mm
Rim hardness be obviously improved after have employed steel alloy.Concrete test data is:
Therefore, the alloying element such as Cr, Mn, Si, Ti adds in right amount in wheel steel, can help somewhat to improve
The peeling resistance of wheel steel tread, wearability, and improve case hardness and intensity.Wheel hub, spoke use medium carbon steel,
The contact resistance fatigue behaviour of the resistance to sliding friction property of material, resistance to rolling friction performance and material reduces, but material is heat-resisting
Fatigue behaviour significantly rises.It was verified that wheel hub, spoke use medium carbon steel, the content of carbon is about 0.5% can to obtain relatively
Good combination property.
Claims (5)
1. a high ferro wheel, it is characterised in that be made up of double composition metallic steel, specifically include: be made up of low-alloy steel
Wheel rim, wheel rim and tread portions, and the wheel hub that is made up of medium carbon steel and spoke part；Chemistry one-tenth in described low-alloy steel
It is divided into: C:0.17%-0.23%, Si:0.27%-0.35%, Mn:0.80%-0.90%, Cr:0.26%-0.30%, Ti:0.06%-
0.10%, S≤0.01%, P≤0.01%, Als≤0.021%, V≤0.05%, Mo≤0.08%, Ni≤0.30%, Cu≤
0.20%.
High ferro wheel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness of described tread to wheel rim is 35mm.
High ferro wheel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the chemical composition in described medium carbon steel is:
C:0.46%-0.52%, Si:0.27%-0.35%, Mn:0.60%-0.90%, Cr:0.19%-0.30%, Ti≤0.01%, S≤
0.01%, P≤0.01%, Als≤0.021%, V≤0.05%, Mo≤0.08%, Ni≤0.30%, Cu≤0.20%.
4. the hot extrusion integral forming method of arbitrary described high ferro wheel in claim 1-3, it is characterised in that concrete
Step includes:
Step one, blanking
Selecting the bimetallic bar of ￠ 400mm specification, deviation of weight ± 2kg, saw material gradient≤2mm blanking forms stock, double gold
The center belonging to bar is medium carbon steel, and circumferencial direction is coated with the low-alloy steel that thickness is 30mm；
Step 2, heating
Stock enter stove heating, heating-up temperature at 1150 ± 30 DEG C, feeding of then coming out of the stove next procedure；
Step 3, the first hydraulic press blank are preforming
It is preforming that the hydraulic press selecting pressure to be 120000KN carries out forging hot extrusion, determines journey level pressure, and extrusion speed is 40-
100mm/s, opening speed is 100-160mm/s, after jumping-up → extrude is preforming, pre-formed workpieces top in upper mold backhaul
Go out, send into next procedure；
Step 4, the second hydraulic press blank shaping
The hydraulic press selecting pressure to be 80000KN carries out hot extrusion molding embryo, uses and determines journey pressurization methods, and extrusion speed is
40-100mm/s, opening speed is 100-160mm/s, after hot extrusion blank is molded, is molded blank by certainly in upper mold backhaul
Move and eject and send into next procedure；
Step 5, the 3rd hydraulic press shaping are revised
Selecting 5000T level hydraulic press to be shaped revising, pressure is set as 30000KN, and extrusion speed is 40-100mm/s, returns
Cheng Sudu is 100-160mm/s, determines journey level pressure, after punching, bending, correct, complete in upper mold backhaul finished wheel from
Move and eject；
Step 6, testing finished wheel, product warehousing after passing, bimetallic high ferro wheel machines.
Hot extrusion integral forming method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that also may be used after described step one blanking
It is included on lathe the rough turn correction carrying out stock.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410562310.2A CN104325838B (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | A kind of high ferro wheel and hot extrusion integral forming method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410562310.2A CN104325838B (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | A kind of high ferro wheel and hot extrusion integral forming method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104325838A CN104325838A (en) | 2015-02-04 |
| CN104325838B true CN104325838B (en) | 2016-08-24 |
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ID=52400700
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410562310.2A Active CN104325838B (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | A kind of high ferro wheel and hot extrusion integral forming method thereof |
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| CN104816578B (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2017-01-04 | 常州天骏机电制造有限公司 | Hot rolling wheel and manufacture method |
| CN107757245B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2019-07-19 | 马鞍山市天钧机械制造有限公司 | A kind of method for fine finishing of rubber tire rail wheel |
| CN108526238B (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2020-03-20 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Hot extrusion near-net forming method for asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with lugs |
| CN108421951B (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-04-02 | 韶关市中机重工股份有限公司 | EMU driving device wheel hub forging production technique |
| CN108973512A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-11 | 马鞍山市天钧机械制造有限公司 | A kind of integral type operating condition solid wheel and its preparation process |
| CN111098096B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-09 | 太原重工轨道交通设备有限公司 | Wheel machining method |
| CN114227182B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-11-07 | 太原重工轨道交通设备有限公司 | Train wheel hot processing manufacturing method |
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Effective date of registration: 20200511 Address after: No.112, building 5, yard 89, Huanghe East Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450018 Patentee after: Lei Zhongkun Address before: 450016 No. ninth, 167 Avenue, Zhengzhou economic and Technological Development Zone, Zhengzhou, Henan Patentee before: Lei Bangrong |