CN104322294A - Grafting planting technique for Shatian pomelo - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a grafting planting technique for Shatian pomelo. According to the grafting planting technique for the Shatian pomelo, through the advanced grafting planting techniques, such as selection for planting land, preparation before planting, preparation for stocks, preparation for scion, budlet grafting, deep pit fertilization away from roots, leaf fertilizer spraying, bee releasing, palmification, loop bundling, loop cutting, and pruning and lopping after picking, the production purpose of quick multiplying, high-quantity, quick fruiting, crisp fruit and thick sweet high-quality Shatian pomelo is achieved.

Description

The grafting planting technology of shatian pomelo

Technical field

The present invention relates to the grafting implantation methods of shatian pomelo, belong to agricultural technology field.

Background technology

Shatian pomelo, also known as shaddock, throwing, pomelo, Latin literary fame: Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.cv.Shatian Yu. Rutaceae, citrus plant, arbor.Spray, blade back, bennet, calyx and ovary are all by pubescence, and the usual dark violet redness of tender leaf, spray is flat and have rib.The food value of leaf is quite thick, and look dark green, wealthy avette or oval, and shatian pomelo is Rong County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region local and special products.Lingui county,gui lin, Yangshuo County one are with, fertile soil, and draining is good, similar with the soil property in Shatian village, Rong County.The shaddock shape that kind goes out, color are all similar with Shatian village product, and therefore people are Lingui County, the shaddock of Yangshuo County one with product, are also referred to as and " shatian pomelos ".

Shatian pomelo is evergreen fruit tree, tree-like tall and big, well developed root system, well-grown in loose, fertile, moistening, good soil of ventilating.Therefore, plantation Shatian sleeve, should choose soil layer deep, fertile soil, the red soil of good air permeability, grit soil.Less than 30 degree hillsides generally should be selected in plantation mountain region, and open terrace cropping on hillside that the is to the south or southeast, out-of-the-way mountain area fluvisol is more satisfactory, and the irrigation and drainage such as river bank, the other alluviation area of small stream are local easily, build garden optimum.General shatian pomelo is all adopt seed propagation seedling, and implantation time is long, and fruiting period is long.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcoming of seminal propagation shatian pomelo, I provides shatian pomelo grafting planting technology, is prepared and managing after grafting by grafting, can make shatian pomelo energy amount reproduction in a short time, reach fruiting period fast, and high-quality that matter is very large, meets the needs in market.

The technical scheme that the grafting planting technology of shatian pomelo is taked follows these steps to carry out:

One, the selection in field is planted: soil layer place that is deep, loose, fertile, that have abundant water resources must be selected to build garden, and mountain region should select the gradient below 20 degree, is easy to draining and pouring;

Two, plant front preparation: carry out wholely, open plant hole, basal dressing, improve the soil etc. and plant front preparation, plant hole specification 2 meters × 1.5 meters × 2 meters × 1.5 meters, go back to the every cave of soil and add fertilizer, green manure, table soil, a small amount of lime;

Three, the preparation of stock, the stock of shatian pomelo, select sour teak (red meat shaddock or plain boiled pork shaddock), by early stage, the rootstock seedling of cultivating seeds is transplanted, and the density of transplant is: line-spacing 2 meters, spacing in the rows 1.5 meters;

Four, the preparation of scion, shatian pomelo scion must from excellent elite stand, and fringe, anvil must be best of breeds, and not dangerous damage by disease and insect, thick more than the 0.8cm of trunk, high 20 ~ 26cm, have 3 ~ 4 main branches, more than height of seedling 50cm, blade is complete, thick and dark green, root system is intact, and fibrous root is many, foresythia;

Five, grafting method: utilize less rootstock seedling grafting as far as possible, grafting method has: budlet cut-grafting method, branch cut-grafting method and " T " shaped budding method, grafting period, budlet cut-grafting method and " T " shaped budding method should at late March to late June (temperature be at 15-20 degree Celsius);

Six, growing season management: note vegetative period hoeing up weeds, apply fertilizer, insect protected, diseases prevention, the repeatedly a small amount of fertilising of number of brain, employing, dell are applied fertilizer, from root fertilizer, spray 2 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphates and 1 0.1% borax winter, 0.2% urea to be added to tree on the weak side, recuperate to increase tree, fruit thinning is carried out in gradation in 4 ~ May, dredge prevent or cure a disease wormed fruit, malformed fruit, special fruitlet, carry out determining fruit when there is 8 ~ 9 cm in fruit footpath, carry out the preventing and controlling of stinkbug, scale insect and canker, anthracnose etc., to improve output and commodity rate simultaneously;

Seven, honeybee and palmification is put: honey bees pollination can be put in duration of flowering in shaddock garden, palmification selects fine day morning 9 up to afternoon 6 time, gather open assorted shaddock flower on the same day, removal of petal and flower grain, directly flower pesticide point is connected on the column cap of open shatian pomelo flower on the same day;

Eight, cerclage, girdling and spray 2,4-D: to the prosperous tree of just going into operation, spends the intermediary and later stages thanking, encloses, through about 40 days, separate bundle when fruit footpath has when 8 ~ 9 centimetres with 14 ~ No. 16 iron wires at trunk or major branch round and smooth place cerclage one; To prosperous length and nonpregnant tree, after autumn growth is aging, girdling can be carried out; When the Xie Huahou spring, the tip turned green, after 2,4-D, 15 days of 5PPM are sprayed to blade face and young fruit, spray 2 of 8PPM again, 4-D1 time;

Nine, manage after fruit picking: after plucking, every mu adds nitrogen fertilizer application 1.33 ~ 2.33Kg, potassium oxide 0.85 ~ 1.85Kg, and adopt the abundant water yield spraying in the full garden of SK mineral oil to carry out Cai Houqing garden; Adopt the liquid of quicklime, salt, edible oil preparation to carry out limb to whitewash, adopt the liquid of Cupravit preparation to be coated with limb that is sick by resin, longicorn injury; When weather is fine, wiping out deadwood, retraction descending branch, according to carrying out annual bearing situation, can cutting back part fruit bearing shoot or vegetables to fall apart the more branch of base of fruit.

The beneficial effect of shatian pomelo grafting planting technology is: shatian pomelo grafting planting technology by the selection of planting site, plant front preparation, the preparation of stock, the preparation of scion, budlet grafting, dell from hole fertilising, spray foliage fertilizer, put honeybee and palmification, cerclage, girdling, the advanced grafting planting technology such as beta pruning lopping after harvesting, reach that breeding is fast, quantity is many, it is fast to bear fruit, pulp is sharp and clear, the production object of the dense sweet high-quality shatian pomelo of taste.

Embodiment

The grafting planting technology of shatian pomelo implements as follows to carry out.

One, the selection in field is planted: soil layer place that is deep, loose, fertile, that have abundant water resources must be selected to build garden, and mountain region should select the gradient below 20 degree, is easy to draining and pouring; Before autumn has set in, will choose the place in nursery in advance, nursery lot will be selected southwards or southeastward, ventilation and penetrating light is good, the gradient below 10 degree, thicker soil (more than 20 centimetres), water conservation draining is good, it is convenient to irrigate, the sandy loam of middle fertility or sandy yellow soil, windburn is few, without the place of damage by disease and insect, too sticky heavy, ridge is thin, arid, the place of impeded drainage or subterranean water level high (more than 1 meter), all should not make nursery lot.

Two, plant front preparation: carry out wholely, open plant hole, basal dressing, improve the soil etc. and plant front preparation, plant hole specification 2 meters × 1.5 meters × 2 meters × 1.5 meters, go back to the every cave of soil and add fertilizer, green manure, table soil, a small amount of lime; Reasonable deep ploughing, meticulous wholely, seedling root can be impelled to grow, improve the quality of unit are emergence rate and nursery stock, prior to seeding, nursery lot will be deep ploughed and be shone soil, makes the abundant weathering of soil property, the surrounding in nursery will hold drain ditch successfully, facilitate irrigation and drainage, nursery is played furrow and is wanted east-west direction to arrange, and general furrow are wide 1.2 meters, high 15-20 centimetre, furrow width 40 centimetres, furrow are long to be seen landform and determines, and furrow face will be put down, grogs is in small, broken bits, several days prior to seeding, weed fertilizer (every mu of farmyard manure about 1800 kilograms, ash 150 kilograms be executed, mix thoroughly with table soil), then sow.

Three, the preparation of stock, the stock of shatian pomelo, select sour teak (red meat shaddock or plain boiled pork shaddock), by early stage, the rootstock seedling of cultivating seeds is transplanted, and the density of transplant is: line-spacing 2 meters, spacing in the rows 1.5 meters.

Four, the preparation of scion, shatian pomelo scion must from excellent elite stand, and fringe, anvil must be best of breeds, and not dangerous damage by disease and insect, thick more than the 0.8cm of trunk, high 20 ~ 26cm, have 3 ~ 4 main branches, more than height of seedling 50cm, blade is complete, thick and dark green, root system is intact, and fibrous root is many, foresythia.

Five, grafting method: in order to accelerate the breeding of nursery stock, with the needs that adapt to development shatian pomelo is produced, less rootstock seedling grafting will be utilized as far as possible, grafting method has: budlet cut-grafting method, branch cut-grafting method and " T " shaped budding method, budlet cut-grafting method is more applicable to little stock, can do sth. in advance grafting, do sth. in advance garden.Grafting period, area, Gui Nan Rong County, budlet cut-grafting method and " T " shaped budding method should at late March to late June (temperature be at 15-20 degree Celsius), the plant percent of grafting is the highest, the weather conditions of each department are not existing, what on branch, young shoot was sprouted is sooner or later also different, see that the situation of change of phenology is grasped flexibly.

Six, growing season management: note vegetative period hoeing up weeds, apply fertilizer, insect protected, diseases prevention, the repeatedly a small amount of fertilising of number of brain, employing, dell are applied fertilizer, from root fertilizer, spray 2 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphates and 1 0.1% borax winter, 0.2% urea to be added to tree on the weak side, recuperate to increase tree, fruit thinning is carried out in gradation in 4 ~ May, dredge prevent or cure a disease wormed fruit, malformed fruit, special fruitlet, carry out determining fruit when there is 8 ~ 9cm in fruit footpath, carry out the preventing and controlling of stinkbug, scale insect and canker, anthracnose etc., to improve output and commodity rate simultaneously.

Claims (1)

1. the grafting planting technology of shatian pomelo, is characterized in that following these steps to carry out:

One, the selection in field is planted: soil layer place that is deep, loose, fertile, that have abundant water resources must be selected to build garden, and mountain region should select the gradient below 20 degree, is easy to draining and pouring;

Two, plant front preparation: carry out wholely, open plant hole, basal dressing, improve the soil etc. and plant front preparation, plant hole specification 2 meters × 1.5 meters × 2 meters × 1.5 meters, go back to the every cave of soil and add fertilizer, green manure, table soil, a small amount of lime;

Three, the preparation of stock, the stock of shatian pomelo, select sour teak (red meat shaddock or plain boiled pork shaddock), by early stage, the rootstock seedling of cultivating seeds is transplanted, and the density of transplant is: line-spacing 2 meters, spacing in the rows 1.5 meters;

Four, the preparation of scion, shatian pomelo scion must from excellent elite stand, and fringe, anvil must be best of breeds, and not dangerous damage by disease and insect, thick more than the 0.8cm of trunk, high 20 ~ 26cm, have 3 ~ 4 main branches, more than height of seedling 50cm, blade is complete, thick and dark green, root system is intact, and fibrous root is many, foresythia;

Five, grafting method: utilize less rootstock seedling grafting as far as possible, grafting method has: budlet cut-grafting method, branch cut-grafting method and " T " shaped budding method, grafting period, budlet cut-grafting method and " T " shaped budding method should at late March to late June (temperature be at 15-20 degree Celsius);

Six, growing season management: note vegetative period hoeing up weeds, apply fertilizer, insect protected, diseases prevention, the repeatedly a small amount of fertilising of number of brain, employing, dell are applied fertilizer, from root fertilizer, spray 2 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphates and 1 0.1% borax winter, 0.2% urea to be added to tree on the weak side, recuperate to increase tree, fruit thinning is carried out in gradation in 4 ~ May, dredge prevent or cure a disease wormed fruit, malformed fruit, special fruitlet, carry out determining fruit when there is 8 ~ 9cm in fruit footpath, carry out the preventing and controlling of stinkbug, scale insect and canker, anthracnose etc., to improve output and commodity rate simultaneously;

Seven, honeybee and palmification is put: honey bees pollination can be put in duration of flowering in shaddock garden, palmification selects fine day morning 9 up to afternoon 6 time, gather open assorted shaddock flower on the same day, removal of petal and flower grain, directly flower pesticide point is connected on the column cap of open shatian pomelo flower on the same day;

Eight, cerclage, girdling and spray 2,4-D: to the prosperous tree of just going into operation, spends the intermediary and later stages thanking, encloses, through about 40 days, separate bundle when fruit footpath has when 8 ~ 9 centimetres with 14 ~ No. 16 iron wires at trunk or major branch round and smooth place cerclage one; To prosperous length and nonpregnant tree, after autumn growth is aging, girdling can be carried out; When the Xie Huahou spring, the tip turned green, after 2,4-D, 15 days of 5PPM are sprayed to blade face and young fruit, spray 2 of 8PPM again, 4-D1 time;

Nine, manage after fruit picking: after plucking, every mu adds nitrogen fertilizer application 1.33 ~ 2.33Kg, potassium oxide 0.85 ~ 1.85Kg, and adopt the abundant water yield spraying in the full garden of SK mineral oil to carry out Cai Houqing garden; Adopt the liquid of quicklime, salt, edible oil preparation to carry out limb to whitewash, adopt the liquid of Cupravit preparation to be coated with limb that is sick by resin, longicorn injury; When weather is fine, wiping out deadwood, retraction descending branch, according to carrying out annual bearing situation, can cutting back part fruit bearing shoot or vegetables to fall apart the more branch of base of fruit.