CN104320903A - Composite electrode - Google Patents
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- CN104320903A CN104320903A CN201410574583.9A CN201410574583A CN104320903A CN 104320903 A CN104320903 A CN 104320903A CN 201410574583 A CN201410574583 A CN 201410574583A CN 104320903 A CN104320903 A CN 104320903A
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Abstract
A composite electrode relates to a plasma torch cathode structure and is characterized in that the electrode is composed of a cathode sleeve and a cathode head, wherein the cathode sleeve is of a hollow rotation body structure, the cathode head is embedded into the internal space in the front portion of the cathode sleeve, the front end of the cathode head stretches out from the cathode sleeve, and a conical rear protrusion is arranged at the rear end of the cathode head. A cooling cavity is formed in the internal space of the cathode sleeve, and the conical rear protrusion at the rear end of the cathode head is arranged in the cooling cavity. A recessed ring is arranged on the cathode head body embedded in the front portion of the cathode sleeve, and the recessed ring is filled with a wall body of the cathode sleeve. The composite electrode serves as a plasma torch cathode, and is applicable to the flushing cooling mode. Heat of the cathode head portion can be removed quickly, the cathode is not ablated, the service life of the plasma torch is prolonged, the production efficiency is improved, and production cost is saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plasma apparatus, particularly relate to a kind of cathode construction of plasma torch.
Background technology
Current, plasma technology is widely used, is industrially applied to plasma ignition, plasma spraying, metal smelt, heating plasma manufacture nano material, cutting, the process of waste incineration refuse etc.Processing mode and the general mode of plasma are made a world of difference, plasma is a kind of state formed under ionosphere or electric discharge phenomena, will generate excited atom, excite molecule, reaction that the chemicals of the activity chemistry thing of dissociation atom, free atomic group, atom or molecular ion group and they and other collide and cause along with electric discharge phenomena.In plasma generator, discharge process makes work gas molecule lose outer-shell electron and form ionic condition, produces high temperature through mutually colliding, and temperature can reach more than several ten thousand degree.
Plasma pyrolysis water hydrogen producing technology is one of water hydrogen manufacturing candidate technologies put forward recent years, because water is a kind of material of quite stable, in atmospheric conditions, temperature hydrone when 2000K decomposes hardly, the water of 25% is had to decompose during 2500K, during 3400 ~ 3500K, the molar fraction of hydrogen and oxygen reaches maximum, be respectively 18% and 6%, when temperature reaches more than 4200K, hydrone all will be decomposed into hydrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, oxygen and hydrogen-oxygen atomic group, general mode of heating is difficult to reach so high temperature, use plasma torch then can accomplish, the discarded object that application plasma torch process danger is harmful and house refuse, gasification furnace is made not need input air or oxygen, the synthesis gas quality better that house refuse is transformed, reach the requirement of industrial chemicals, synthesis gas by rear class device fabrication methyl alcohol or dimethyl ether product, realizes resource and pollution-free process house refuse again, coal gasification production line sprays in gasification furnace after utilizing plasma torch that steam heating is decomposed again, chemical reaction is carried out with coal, the reaction occurred is exothermic reaction, gasification furnace is made not need input air or comburant oxygen, in the synthesis gas produced, the fraction scale of hydrogen is high, the content of waste gas is low, realizes energy-saving and emission-reduction.
The negative electrode of plasma torch is the parts of electron emission, and because the high temperature of the impact and tens thousand of degree of bearing electric current burns, therefore, the head of negative electrode is easy to ablated and causes damage, not only affects production, and increases production cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that the negative electrode of existing plasma torch is easily ablated, a kind of combination electrode being applicable to washing away cooling is provided, negative electrode as plasma torch uses, make negative electrode not easily ablated, to extend the life cycle of plasma torch, enhance productivity and save production cost.
A kind of combination electrode of the present invention, it is characterized in that electrode is made up of cathode sheath (1) and cathode taps (2), wherein, the rotary structure that cathode sheath (1) is hollow, cathode taps (2) is embedded in the anterior interior space of cathode sheath (1), the front end of cathode taps (2) is stretched out from cathode sheath (1), after there is taper the rear end of cathode taps (2) convex (2-3); The interior space of cathode sheath (1) forms cooling chamber, and after the taper of cathode taps (2) rear end, convex (2-3) is placed in cooling chamber.In the present invention, cathode taps (2) body being embedded into cathode sheath (1) front portion there is scrobicular ring (2-2), in scrobicular ring (2-2), has the wall body of cathode sheath (1) to insert; Installation screw socket (1-2) is had in the rear outside of cathode sheath (1); The front end of cathode sheath (1) is that its cone angle (a) is 60 °-120 ° by the circular cone structure reduced before backward; The front end of cathode taps (2) is arc surface.
Combination electrode of the present invention is as one of the critical piece of plasma torch.Plasma torch is primarily of back seat (8), the negative electrode that combination electrode is formed, insulation gun rack (5), anode jacket (4) and anode (3) composition, wherein, the rotary structure that back seat (8) is hollow, screw channel (8-4) is had at the revolving body front inner of back seat (8), connecting thread (8-5) is had at the front outsides of back seat (8), the negative electrode that combination electrode is formed is arranged on the screw channel (8-4) of back seat (8) revolving body front portion, mozzle (8-2) is had in the rotary structure of back seat (8), mozzle (8-2) extend in the cooling chamber (I) in combination electrode, after the delivery port of mozzle (8-2) surrounds taper convex (2-3), have living space between the outer wall of mozzle (8-2) and the revolving body inwall of back seat (8), space between the outer wall of mozzle (8-2) and the revolving body inwall of back seat (8) forms backwater channel (Ⅸ), the rotary structure of back seat (8) has cooling water input interface (8-1) and cooling water output interface (8-3), space in the pipe that cooling water input interface (8-1) is communicated to mozzle (8-2), cooling water output interface (8-3) is communicated to backwater channel (Ⅸ), and backwater channel (Ⅸ) channel connection is to the cooling chamber (I) in combination electrode, the rotary structure that insulation gun rack (5) is hollow, the front and back of insulation gun rack (5) have front mounting groove (5-1) and rear mounting groove (5-2) respectively, have air chamber (VIII) in the rotary structure of insulation gun rack (5), air chamber (VIII) has work gas input interface (5-3) to access, anode jacket (4) is cylindrical structure, installation screw thread (4-4) is had outside the wall body at anode jacket (4) rear portion, there is tenon seat (4-2) front end of anode jacket (4), the wall body at anode jacket (4) middle part there is coolant inlet (4-3) to access, the wall body that anode jacket (4) is anterior has coolant outlet (4-1) to pick out, anode (3) is the cone nozzle structure expanded gradually forward by rear portion, and the rear end of anode (3) is by the bell-mouth structure of air narrowed before backward, has through circular duct between the bell-mouth structure of air of anode (3) rear end and cone nozzle structure, anode (3) is arranged in anode jacket (4) with embedded mode, space between the outer wall of anode (3) and the inwall of anode jacket (4) forms cooling jacket (VI), the bottom of cooling jacket (VI) is communicated to coolant inlet (4-3), and the top of cooling jacket (VI) is communicated to coolant outlet (4-1), anode jacket (4) is taken anode (3) and is arranged in the front mounting groove (5-1) of insulation gun rack (5), back seat (8) is taken combination electrode and is arranged in the rear mounting groove (5-2) of insulation gun rack (5), the work gas passage (VII) of annular is had between cathode taps (2) outer wall of combination electrode and the wall body insulated in gun rack (5), cathode taps (2) extend in the horn mouth space of anode (3) rear end, bell-mouthed interior space is made to form region of discharge (III), circular duct between the bell-mouth structure of air of anode (3) rear end and cone nozzle structure is formed compresses duct (IV), in the cone nozzle structure of anode (3), space forms spray chamber (V), air chamber (VIII) in insulation gun rack (5) is communicated to region of discharge (III) by work gas passage (VII), and region of discharge (III) is communicated to spray chamber (V) by compression duct (IV).During work, back seat (8) is as the electrical fitting of combination electrode, and anode jacket (4) is as the electrical fitting of anode (3), one road cooling water enters into space in the pipe of mozzle (8-2) by cooling water input interface (8-1), delivery port through mozzle (8-2) enters into the cooling chamber (I) in combination electrode, after the taper of current target head (2) rear end of cooling water, convex (2-3) carries out washing away cooling, after absorbing the heat of cathode taps (2), enter into backwater channel (Ⅸ) through cooling chamber (I) again, then turn back in the loop of cooling system by cooling water output interface (8-3), another road cooling water enters into cooling jacket (VI) by coolant inlet (4-3), after absorbing the heat of anode (3), then turns back in the loop of cooling system by coolant outlet (4-1), work gas or entered into air chamber (VIII) by work gas input interface (5-3) by the gas heated, then region of discharge (III) is entered into by work gas passage (VII), between composite cathode and anode (3), apply electric energy simultaneously, circular arc discharge face (2-1) is formed at the head end of cathode taps (2), form circular cone discharge face (3-2) at the nozzle wall of anode (3) simultaneously, plasma arc is produced between circular arc discharge face (2-1) and circular cone discharge face (3-2), plasma arc is sprayed by the outlet of spray chamber (V), form plasma flare.In said process, be ionized in region of discharge (III) by the water vapour heated, become ion arc, the electronics that ion arc is launched with the circular arc discharge face (2-1) of cathode taps (2) mixes, spray chamber (V) is entered into by compression duct (IV), when through compression duct (IV), be further heated decomposition, become target product.
The high temperature that the negative electrode head of plasma torch need bear rush of current and tens thousand of degree burns, and therefore, must effective cooling provision be taked could to increase the useful life of negative electrode by anticathode head.The present invention is convex (2-3) arrange taper on the rear end of cathode taps (2) after, convex after taper (2-3) is deep into the depths of cooling chamber (I), and, the taper surface of convex after taper (2-3) has larger area of dissipation, cathode taps (2) is made to have better cooling effect, in the cooling procedure of cooling water to combination electrode, the current of cooling water directly wash away the cooling of mode to convex after taper (2-3) by the delivery port of mozzle (8-2), when cathode sheath (1) selects red copper material to make, because red copper material has excellent heat conductivility, therefore, the embedding section of cathode taps (2) is indirectly cooled, consequently the heat of cathode taps (2) is removed fast, thus, negative electrode of the present invention can obtain more effective cooling, make negative electrode not easily ablated, thus protect negative electrode better.The composite cathode taking to be made up of cathode sheath (1) and cathode taps (2) of the present invention, is divided into two parts to process on negative electrode, makes to make simply, improves the working (machining) efficiency of parts, and save material cost.During concrete enforcement, cathode sheath (1) selects red copper material to make, and cathode taps (2) selects refractory metal material to make, and described refractory metal material comprises the alloy material of tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium, preferred tungsten lanthanum Zirconium alloy material.Thermal coefficient of expansion due to red copper material is greater than the thermal coefficient of expansion of refractory metal material, the axially displaced of cathode taps (2) is caused after operationally heating up to prevent combination electrode, the present invention arranges scrobicular ring (2-2) on cathode taps (2) body being embedded into cathode sheath (1) front portion, make in scrobicular ring (2-2), have the wall body of cathode sheath (1) to insert, the location under utilizing cathode sheath (1) wall body target head (2) be filled in scrobicular ring (2-2) to carry out thermal expansion situation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: provide a kind of combination electrode being applicable to washing away cooling, the negative electrode as plasma torch uses, and is divided into two parts to process at electrode, makes to make simply, improves the working (machining) efficiency of parts, and save material cost.Combination electrode of the present invention is applicable to washing away the type of cooling, can fast the heat of negative electrode head be removed, and the area of dissipation of negative electrode is larger, makes negative electrode not easily ablated, to extend the life cycle of plasma torch, enhances productivity and save production cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of a kind of combination electrode of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is application schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure: 1. cathode sheath, taper seat on 1-1. cathode sheath, 1-2. installs screw socket, 2. cathode taps, 2-1. circular arc discharge face, the scrobicular ring of 2-2. cathode taps, convex after 2-3. taper, 3. anode, the tenon of 3-1. anode front end, 3-2. circular cone discharge face, 4. anode jacket, 4-1. coolant outlet, 4-2. tenon seat, 4-3. coolant inlet, the installation screw thread of 4-4. anode jacket, 5. insulate gun rack, the front mounting groove of 5-1. insulation gun rack, the rear mounting groove of 5-2. insulation gun rack, 5-3. work gas input interface, 6. sealing ring, 7. sealing ring, 8. back seat, 8-1. cooling water input interface, 8-2. mozzle, 8-3. cooling water output interface, 8-4. screw channel, the connecting thread of 8-5. back seat, I. the cooling chamber in negative electrode, III. region of discharge, IV. compression duct, V. spray chamber, VI. cooling jacket, VII. work gas passage, VIII. air chamber, Ⅸ. backwater channel.
Embodiment
embodiment 1in execution mode shown in Fig. 1, a kind of combination electrode is made up of cathode sheath (1) and cathode taps (2), wherein, the rotary structure that cathode sheath (1) is hollow, installation screw socket (1-2) is had in the rear outside of cathode sheath (1), the front end of cathode sheath (1) is that its cone angle (a) is 60 °-120 ° by the circular cone structure reduced before backward; Cathode taps (2) is embedded in the anterior interior space of cathode sheath (1), cathode taps (2) body being embedded into cathode sheath (1) front portion there is scrobicular ring (2-2), the wall body of cathode sheath (1) is had to insert in scrobicular ring (2-2), the front end of cathode taps (2) is stretched out from cathode sheath (1), the front end of cathode taps (2) is arc surface, after there is taper the rear end of cathode taps (2) convex (2-3); The interior space of cathode sheath (1) forms cooling chamber, and after the taper of cathode taps (2) rear end, convex (2-3) is placed in cooling chamber.In the present embodiment, take to form composite cathode by cathode sheath (1) and cathode taps (2), two parts are divided into process on negative electrode, make to make simply, improve the working (machining) efficiency of parts, and save material cost, cathode sheath (1) selects red copper material to make, cathode taps (2) selects refractory metal material to make, and described refractory metal material comprises the alloy material of tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium, preferred tungsten lanthanum Zirconium alloy material.During making, cathode taps (2) carries out suppressing or injection moulding after selecting a small amount of lanthana of tungsten powder admixture and zirconia mixing, then fires, and is then completed by fine finishining; Cathode sheath (1) selects red copper material to adopt die casting process to make blank, during casting, cathode taps (2) is embedded wherein, then the blank of cathode sheath (1) is completed by fine finishining.
embodiment 2execution mode shown in Fig. 2 is the application of the present invention on plasma torch, the negative electrode that plasma torch is formed primarily of back seat (8), combination electrode, insulation gun rack (5), anode jacket (4) and anode (3) composition, wherein, combination electrode implement with first in structure identical, repeat no more, the rotary structure that back seat (8) is hollow, screw channel (8-4) is had at the revolving body front inner of back seat (8), connecting thread (8-5) is had at the front outsides of back seat (8), the negative electrode that combination electrode is formed is arranged on the screw channel (8-4) of back seat (8) revolving body front portion, mozzle (8-2) is had in the rotary structure of back seat (8), mozzle (8-2) extend in the cooling chamber (I) in combination electrode, after the delivery port of mozzle (8-2) surrounds taper convex (2-3), have living space between the outer wall of mozzle (8-2) and the revolving body inwall of back seat (8), space between the outer wall of mozzle (8-2) and the revolving body inwall of back seat (8) forms backwater channel (Ⅸ), the rotary structure of back seat (8) has cooling water input interface (8-1) and cooling water output interface (8-3), space in the pipe that cooling water input interface (8-1) is communicated to mozzle (8-2), cooling water output interface (8-3) is communicated to backwater channel (Ⅸ), and backwater channel (Ⅸ) channel connection is to the cooling chamber (I) in combination electrode, the rotary structure that insulation gun rack (5) is hollow, the front and back of insulation gun rack (5) have front mounting groove (5-1) and rear mounting groove (5-2) respectively, have air chamber (VIII) in the rotary structure of insulation gun rack (5), air chamber (VIII) has work gas input interface (5-3) to access, anode jacket (4) is cylindrical structure, installation screw thread (4-4) is had outside the wall body at anode jacket (4) rear portion, there is tenon seat (4-2) front end of anode jacket (4), the wall body at anode jacket (4) middle part there is coolant inlet (4-3) to access, the wall body that anode jacket (4) is anterior has coolant outlet (4-1) to pick out, anode (3) is the cone nozzle structure expanded gradually forward by rear portion, and the rear end of anode (3) is by the bell-mouth structure of air narrowed before backward, has through circular duct between the bell-mouth structure of air of anode (3) rear end and cone nozzle structure, anode (3) is arranged in anode jacket (4) with embedded mode, space between the outer wall of anode (3) and the inwall of anode jacket (4) forms cooling jacket (VI), the bottom of cooling jacket (VI) is communicated to coolant inlet (4-3), and the top of cooling jacket (VI) is communicated to coolant outlet (4-1), anode jacket (4) is taken anode (3) and is arranged in the front mounting groove (5-1) of insulation gun rack (5), back seat (8) is taken combination electrode and is arranged in the rear mounting groove (5-2) of insulation gun rack (5), the work gas passage (VII) of annular is had between cathode taps (2) outer wall of combination electrode and the wall body insulated in gun rack (5), cathode taps (2) extend in the horn mouth space of anode (3) rear end, bell-mouthed interior space is made to form region of discharge (III), circular duct between the bell-mouth structure of air of anode (3) rear end and cone nozzle structure is formed compresses duct (IV), in the cone nozzle structure of anode (3), space forms spray chamber (V), air chamber (VIII) in insulation gun rack (5) is communicated to region of discharge (III) by work gas passage (VII), and region of discharge (III) is communicated to spray chamber (V) by compression duct (IV).During work, back seat (8) is as the electrical fitting of combination electrode, and anode jacket (4) is as the electrical fitting of anode (3), one road cooling water enters into space in the pipe of mozzle (8-2) by cooling water input interface (8-1), delivery port through mozzle (8-2) enters into the cooling chamber (I) in combination electrode, after the taper of current target head (2) rear end of cooling water, convex (2-3) carries out washing away cooling, after absorbing the heat of cathode taps (2), enter into backwater channel (Ⅸ) through cooling chamber (I) again, then turn back in the loop of cooling system by cooling water output interface (8-3), another road cooling water enters into cooling jacket (VI) by coolant inlet (4-3), after absorbing the heat of anode (3), then turns back in the loop of cooling system by coolant outlet (4-1), work gas or entered into air chamber (VIII) by work gas input interface (5-3) by the gas heated, then region of discharge (III) is entered into by work gas passage (VII), between composite cathode and anode (3), apply electric energy simultaneously, circular arc discharge face (2-1) is formed at the head end of cathode taps (2), form circular cone discharge face (3-2) at the nozzle wall of anode (3) simultaneously, plasma arc is produced between circular arc discharge face (2-1) and circular cone discharge face (3-2), plasma arc is sprayed by the outlet of spray chamber (V), form plasma flare.In said process, be ionized in region of discharge (III) by the water vapour heated, become ion arc, the electronics that ion arc is launched with the circular arc discharge face (2-1) of cathode taps (2) mixes, spray chamber (V) is entered into by compression duct (IV), when through compression duct (IV), be further heated decomposition, become target product.
Claims (5)
1. a combination electrode, it is characterized in that electrode is made up of cathode sheath (1) and cathode taps (2), wherein, the rotary structure that cathode sheath (1) is hollow, cathode taps (2) is embedded in the anterior interior space of cathode sheath (1), the front end of cathode taps (2) is stretched out from cathode sheath (1), after there is taper the rear end of cathode taps (2) convex (2-3); The interior space of cathode sheath (1) forms cooling chamber, and after the taper of cathode taps (2) rear end, convex (2-3) is placed in cooling chamber.
2. a kind of combination electrode according to claim 1, is characterized in that there is scrobicular ring (2-2) on cathode taps (2) body being embedded into cathode sheath (1) front portion, has the wall body of cathode sheath (1) to insert in scrobicular ring (2-2).
3. a kind of combination electrode according to claim 1, is characterized in that there is installation screw socket (1-2) in the rear outside of cathode sheath (1).
4. a kind of combination electrode according to claim 1, is characterized in that the front end of cathode sheath (1) is that its cone angle (a) is 60 °-120 ° by the circular cone structure reduced before backward.
5. a kind of combination electrode according to claim 1, is characterized in that the front end of cathode taps (2) is arc surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410574583.9A CN104320903A (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2014-10-24 | Composite electrode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410574583.9A CN104320903A (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2014-10-24 | Composite electrode |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104320903A true CN104320903A (en) | 2015-01-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410574583.9A Pending CN104320903A (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2014-10-24 | Composite electrode |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0706308A1 (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 1996-04-10 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Plasma arc torch stabilized by gas sheath |
| DE3751520T2 (en) * | 1986-04-15 | 1996-04-18 | Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd | CATHODE STRUCTURE OF A PLASMA TORCH. |
| CN101360384A (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-04 | 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 | Plasma generator and cathode thereof |
| CN103222343A (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2013-07-24 | 依赛彼集团公司 | Electrode for plasma torch with novel assembly method and enhanced heat transfer |
| CN104333969A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-04 | 周开根 | Composite cathode for plasma spray gun |
| CN204168588U (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-02-18 | 衢州迪升工业设计有限公司 | A kind of combination electrode |
-
2014
- 2014-10-24 CN CN201410574583.9A patent/CN104320903A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3751520T2 (en) * | 1986-04-15 | 1996-04-18 | Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd | CATHODE STRUCTURE OF A PLASMA TORCH. |
| EP0706308A1 (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 1996-04-10 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Plasma arc torch stabilized by gas sheath |
| CN101360384A (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-04 | 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 | Plasma generator and cathode thereof |
| CN103222343A (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2013-07-24 | 依赛彼集团公司 | Electrode for plasma torch with novel assembly method and enhanced heat transfer |
| CN104333969A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-04 | 周开根 | Composite cathode for plasma spray gun |
| CN204168588U (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-02-18 | 衢州迪升工业设计有限公司 | A kind of combination electrode |
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Application publication date: 20150128 |
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