CN104318697A - Node arrangement method of wireless sensor network for monitoring forest fires - Google Patents
Node arrangement method of wireless sensor network for monitoring forest fires Download PDFInfo
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- CN104318697A CN104318697A CN201410548822.3A CN201410548822A CN104318697A CN 104318697 A CN104318697 A CN 104318697A CN 201410548822 A CN201410548822 A CN 201410548822A CN 104318697 A CN104318697 A CN 104318697A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/005—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion for forest fires, e.g. detecting fires spread over a large or outdoors area
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a node arrangement method of a wireless sensor network for monitoring forest fires. The node arrangement method includes the following steps: (1) arranging aggregation nodes along transmission wires in a forest; (2) arranging detection nodes according to the detection radius of the nodes in the direction perpendicular to the transmission wires with the arranged aggregation nodes as the basis; (3) arranging simplified nodes for assisting communication between the detection nodes as well as between the aggregation nodes and the detection nodes; (4) complementing the simplified nodes at partial node positions. The node arrangement method can meet application requirements of modern forest fire monitoring, provides an arrangement method of the nodes of the wireless sensor network for forest fire monitoring, is favorable for improving the position and the role of the wireless sensor network in forest fire early warning, breaks through the traditional node arrangement thinking, prolongs the service life of the whole wireless sensor network, and improves reliability of the wireless sensor network.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of wireless sensor network node dispositions method of forest fire monitoring, belong to wireless sensor network and electronic monitoring field.
Background technology
Forest fire is one of important disaster of World Forestry, has some to occur every year, causes the heavy losses of the forest reserves and serious environmental pollution.Forest fire has sudden, randomness, and can bring about great losses at short notice.Therefore whether once there be the condition of a fire to occur, just must take the measure of putting out a fire to save life and property at a terrific speed, put out a fire to save life and property timely, whether decision-making is proper, and whether an importance is the discovery of forest-fire climate timely, and whether location is accurate, and rationally whether fire analysis, accurately.For this reason, all how to prevent, reducing and controlling to do extensive work in forest fire both at home and abroad.By realizing scientific, information-based, the standardization of forest fire protection work, really accomplishing that forest fire early finds, early solving.
Forest zone area is wide, height above sea level, circumstance complication, difficult wiring, and common supervisory system is difficult to dispose and realize, and is all generally build a Ge Ren Gong sightseeing tower on mountain top, staff goes up a hill difficulty, one was cold to evening, and sighting distance is short and fuzzy, brought a lot of difficulty to Management offorestry.Passage is deployed in radio sensing network in forest to monitor the technology that forest fire is rising in recent years.
Wireless sensor network is generally made up of aggregation node and ordinary node, and ordinary node can be divided into again probe node and simplify node.Probe node has the functions such as detection flame, measuring tempeature, humidity, atmospheric pressure; Simplify node and generally do not possess detectivity, be similar to the router in network, be responsible for the communication between data transmission and auxiliary node.
The workflow of wireless sensor network forest fire monitoring is summarized as follows: probe node by the temperature detected, humidity, air pressure, whether have the information such as flame and self-position, under the help of simplifying node, be transferred to aggregation node; Aggregation node gathers all information, carries out information processing and judgement simply, by handset mobile communications Internet Transmission to Surveillance center or internet.Surveillance center receives information, understands the various information in forest zone.Once there is the condition of a fire, can find at once and the fire extinguishing of organizational strength efficiently rapidly.
But wireless sensor network is in the use procedure of forest fire monitoring, first need the Layout Problem solving node---determine the quantity of node, arrange the position and networking situation etc. thereof of node.Although the method for arranging about radio sensing network node has a lot, due to forest fire protection, in concrete application, still face a lot of difficulty.(1) forest zone landform is special, area wide, height above sea level, and artificial layout node is very time-consuming, effort, how keeping number of nodes minimum when not affecting monitoring effect, will effectively reduce the difficulty of node deployment.(2) how to guarantee that the position of inserting knot is reasonable, forest zone can be covered to greatest extent, can accomplish again not fail to report and not misrepresent deliberately.(3) node energy of wireless sensor network is limited, network cycle restricted lifetime, and replacing node power or sensing network node will expend huge human and material resources again.Although occurred at present utilizing the green power-supplying forms such as sun power, wind-force, stable not enough, reliable, particularly under this reluctant environment of forest, very easily break down, define its usable range.Possess place (base station, pole line transmission line of electricity as mobile operator) that is long-term, stable power-supplying even if exist in forest, its geographic distribution also exists larger randomness.Rational inserting knot mode is also the key issue extending network life cycle.
Summary of the invention
The above-mentioned technical matters existed is arranged in order to solve forest fire monitoring wireless sensor network node, the invention provides a kind of node deployment method of forest fire monitoring wireless sensor network, make full use of be distributed in forest zone possess long-term, stable power supply place, traditional network is replaced by combination chain structure, thus reduce number of nodes, reduce costs, and improve the layout efficiency of node, extend network life cycle.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above comprises the following steps:
The first step: circuit or the electrical network pole line of finding out the common carrier base station erection in forest, chooses one across the longest straight line D of forest length
ifirst aggregation node is arranged from a point of intersection of straight line and filum forestae, and with this aggregation node for starting point, with equal other aggregation node of the equally spaced layout of interval d on this straight line, until the distance of aggregation node distance filum forestae is less than distance values d or drops on filum forestae
r
cfor the radius of investigation of acquisition sensor; At straight line D
ion, when the maximum normal distance of straight line outermost aggregation node distance filum forestae is greater than d/2, straight line D outside border
ia upper supplementary aggregation node, and with this aggregation node for outermost aggregation node, continue above-mentioned judgement, until satisfy condition, now straight line D
ion have n aggregation node;
Second step: with all aggregation node positions for starting point, to perpendicular to straight line D
idirection two ends extend, now have n bar parallel lines perpendicular to straight line D
i, form straight line collection p; On straight line in straight line collection p, starting to arrange first probe node apart from aggregation node d/2 place, on straight line, arrange probe node with equal interval d thereafter, until probe node drop on forest border on or the border of distance forest be less than d;
Perpendicular to straight line D
in bar parallel lines in, two adjacent wherein parallel lines d
aand d
a+1upper (1≤a≤n-1), determines that one by d
aon probe node and d
a+1on probe node be connected line segment c, this line segment c is perpendicular to d
aand distance straight line D
ifarthest; According to filum forestae and the following several situations of line segment c, supplement frontier probe node:
With straight line d
a, straight line d
a+1be that foursquare limit fictionalizes a square a outside forest with line segment c
1b
1b
2a
2; Wherein a
1straight line d
awith the intersection point of line segment c, b
1straight line d
a+1with the intersection point of line segment c, b
2straight line d
a+1with line segment b
2a
2intersection point, a
2straight line d
awith line segment b
2a
2intersection point; a
2and b
2the point or straight line d that fictionalize
awith straight line d
a+1on probe node; And this square is divided into four congruent little square area t
a1, t
b1, t
b2, t
a2, wherein a
1, b
1, b
2, a
2for t
a1, t
b1, t
b2, t
a2with square a
1b
1b
2a
2public vertex;
(1) as straight line d
awith straight line d
a+1between wood land be no more than t
a1and t
b1region time, do not need supplementary probe node;
(2) as straight line d
awith straight line d
a+1between wood land more than t
a1and t
b1and only at t
b2or t
a2region in, then at b
2or a
2place supplements probe node;
(3) as straight line d
awith straight line d
a+1between wood land have passed through t
a1, t
b1, t
b2and t
a2region and be no more than line segment b
2a
2time, then at b
2and a
2place supplements probe node;
(4) as straight line d
awith straight line d
a+1between wood land exceed line segment b
2a
2time, removing need at b
2and a
2place supplements outside probe node, with line segment b
2a
2for new line segment c, repeat above-mentioned steps until do not need to supplement probe node again;
3rd step: on the straight line in straight line collection p, between adjacent probe node and between aggregation node and probe node, equally spaced arrange be used for communication between data transmission with auxiliary node simplify node, described in simplify node quantity be N, distance values is d
t;
Wherein,
d
t=d
c/ n+1,
for rounding downwards, d
cfor the distance between probe node or between aggregation node and probe node, r
dfor communication radius;
4th step: on every article of straight line in straight line collection p, is labeled as L by aggregation node to probe node this section of linearity region at an end points place of straight line; Linearity region L is divided into k straight-line segment, what draw near according to the distance with aggregation node is labeled as L successively
1, L
2..., L
k, wherein
l
1=L
2=...=L
k=L/k; At L
2the position of each node in section, augments 1 and simplifies node; At L
3the position of each node in section, augments 2 and simplifies node; Mode is analogized according to this; At L
kthe position of each node in section, node is simplified in supplement k-1.
The present invention compared with prior art advantage is:
1, the present invention makes full use of the power supply distribution lines in forest zone, ensure the power supply of aggregation node, and detection information can pass by the circuit of adjacent aggregation node by the probe node after some aggregation nodes break down on this circuit, the monitoring in forest zone can not be caused to occur blind area, there is good robustness.
2, replace traditional flat grid structure by many chain structures and monitor whole forest zone, substantially reduce the number wireless sensor node, efficiency is higher.
3, probe node has radius of investigation (being generally 3 to 4 times of communication radius) very far away, takes to simplify node deployment mode with a small amount of probe node in conjunction with a large amount of low cost, reaches and reduces total cost object.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural drawing of aggregation node in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of probe node in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural drawing of simplifying node in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the forest planimetric map of embodiment in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram arranging aggregation node in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram arranging probe node in the present invention.
Fig. 8 arranges the schematic diagram of simplifying node in the present invention.
Fig. 9 supplements the schematic diagram of simplifying node in the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
See Fig. 2, the aggregation node that the present invention uses is made up of core processor module, Zigbee module, GPRS module, SD card module.Wherein, what processor module adopted is a embedded PXA270 processor, and transplants linux operating system.GPRS module primary responsibility sends data to remote control center and internet, and the data of instructions query relevant range according to remote monitoring center.Zigbee module is responsible for receiving from probe node and the data of simplifying node.SD card module is used for storage area significant data, uses for analysis and investigation.
See Fig. 3, the probe node that the present invention uses is made up of core processor module, Zigbee wireless module, sensor assembly and power module.What core processor module wherein adopted is CC2530 module, and it supports Zigbee protocol, and low in energy consumption, and antijamming capability is strong, and good stability, also possesses positioning function.What sensor assembly adopted is ultraviolet flame acquisition sensor, according to ultraviolet frequency range, it judges whether flame exists.Power module mainly adopts powered battery.The radius of investigation of this probe node can up to 1km, and communication radius can reach 300m farthest.
See Fig. 4, what the present invention used simplifies node by core processor module, Zigbee wireless module, and power module forms.Its core processor module still adopts CC2530, and power module mainly adopts powered battery.This communication radius of simplifying node can reach 300m farthest.
As shown in Figure 5, this is the forest of a slice irregularity boundary, and area is approximately 62 sq-kms.An electrical network pole line is wherein had to pass wherein.
Step one: as shown in Figure 6, in the below along the line of electrical network pole line, arrange first aggregation node along the line and the intersection of filum forestae from the pole line of left end, then all the other aggregation nodes of equally spaced layout, are spaced apart
(radius of investigation of the probe node used in the present invention is 1km), arranges altogether 8 aggregation nodes.
Step 2: as shown in Figure 7, on the straight line perpendicular to arrow indication, take aggregation node as starting point, arranges first probe node, arrange probe node at equal intervals thereafter, be spaced apart d=1414m from both sides with the distance of d/2=707m.In special area 1 in the drawings, the wood land between two parallel lines does not exceed t
a1and t
b1scope, therefore do not need supplementary probe node.In special area 2 in the drawings, because filum forestae have passed through t
a2region, therefore need at a
2place supplements probe node.In special area 3 in the drawings, the wood land between two parallel lines have passed through t
a2region, need at a
2place supplements probe node; Again because the wood land between two parallel lines is beyond line segment b
2a
2, be therefore line segment c with dotted line 1 again, and construct new virtual squares, judge that the t in new virtual squares is not passed through in wood land further
b2or t
a2region, does not therefore need supplementary probe node.All the other probe nodes that need supplement in this forest do not repeat one by one at this.In this wood land, arrange altogether 38 probe nodes, wherein have probe node (marking with black pentagram in figure) outside 5 supplementary borders.
Step 3: as shown in Figure 8, between probe node and between aggregation node and probe node, equally spaced layout simplifies node.Distance between probe node is
according to formula
d
t=d
c/ n+1=1414/5=283m, calculate between probe node and should arrange that 4 are simplified node, spacing is 283 meters.Distance between aggregation node and probe node is d/2=707m, then
d
t=d
c/ n+1=707/3=236m, calculates between aggregation node and probe node and should arrange that 2 are simplified node, and distance is 236m.
Step 4: as shown in Figure 9, for the line segment L in straight line collection p, according to formula
then line segment L is divided into 2 sections, wherein L
1=L
2=L/k=2.25 × d=3181.5m.At L
2in section, the position of each node supplements one and simplifies node for subsidiary communications.All the other linear positions supplement the method for simplifying node identical with said method.
Claims (1)
1. a node deployment method for radio sensor network monitoring forest fire, comprises the following steps:
The first step: circuit or the electrical network pole line of finding out the common carrier base station erection in forest, chooses one across the longest straight line D of forest length
ifirst aggregation node is arranged from a point of intersection of straight line and filum forestae, and with this aggregation node for starting point, with equal other aggregation node of the equally spaced layout of interval d on this straight line, until the distance of aggregation node distance filum forestae is less than distance values d or drops on filum forestae
r
cfor the radius of investigation of acquisition sensor; At straight line D
ion, when the maximum normal distance of straight line outermost aggregation node distance filum forestae is greater than d/2, straight line D outside border
ia upper supplementary aggregation node, and with this aggregation node for outermost aggregation node, continue above-mentioned judgement, until satisfy condition, now straight line D
ion have n aggregation node;
Second step: with all aggregation node positions for starting point, to perpendicular to straight line D
idirection two ends extend, now have n bar parallel lines perpendicular to straight line D
i, form straight line collection p; On straight line in straight line collection p, starting to arrange first probe node apart from aggregation node d/2 place, on straight line, arrange probe node with equal interval d thereafter, until probe node drop on forest border on or the border of distance forest be less than d;
Perpendicular to straight line D
in bar parallel lines in, two adjacent wherein parallel lines d
aand d
a+1upper (1≤a≤n-1), determines that one by d
aon probe node and d
a+1on probe node be connected line segment c, this line segment c is perpendicular to d
aand distance straight line D
ifarthest; According to filum forestae and the following several situations of line segment c, supplement frontier probe node:
With straight line d
a, straight line d
a+1be that foursquare limit fictionalizes a square a outside forest with line segment c
1b
1b
2a
2; Wherein a
1straight line d
awith the intersection point of line segment c, b
1straight line d
a+1with the intersection point of line segment c, b
2straight line d
a+1with line segment b
2a
2intersection point, a
2straight line d
awith line segment b
2a
2intersection point; a
2and b
2the point or straight line d that fictionalize
awith straight line d
a+1on probe node; And this square is divided into four congruent little square area t
a1, t
b1, t
b2, t
a2, wherein a
1, b
1, b
2, a
2for t
a1, t
b1, t
b2, t
a2with square a
1b
1b
2a
2public vertex;
(1) as straight line d
awith straight line d
a+1between wood land be no more than t
a1and t
b1region time, do not need supplementary probe node;
(2) as straight line d
awith straight line d
a+1between wood land more than t
a1and t
b1and only at t
b2or t
a2region in, then at b
2or a
2place supplements probe node;
(3) as straight line d
awith straight line d
a+1between wood land have passed through t
a1, t
b1, t
b2and t
a2region and be no more than line segment b
2a
2time, then at b
2and a
2place supplements probe node;
(4) as straight line d
awith straight line d
a+1between wood land exceed line segment b
2a
2time, removing need at b
2and a
2place supplements outside probe node, with line segment b
2a
2for new line segment c, repeat above-mentioned steps until do not need to supplement probe node again;
3rd step: on the straight line in straight line collection p, between adjacent probe node and between aggregation node and probe node, equally spaced arrange be used for communication between data transmission with auxiliary node simplify node, described in simplify node quantity be N, distance values is d
t;
Wherein,
d
t=d
c/ n+1,
for rounding downwards, d
cfor the distance between probe node or between aggregation node and probe node, r
dfor communication radius;
4th step: on every article of straight line in straight line collection p, is labeled as L by aggregation node to probe node this section of linearity region at an end points place of straight line; Linearity region L is divided into k straight-line segment, what draw near according to the distance with aggregation node is labeled as L successively
1, L
2..., L
k, wherein
l
1=L
2=...=L
k=L/k; At L
2the position of each node in section, augments 1 and simplifies node; At L
3the position of each node in section, augments 2 and simplifies node; Mode is analogized according to this; At L
kthe position of each node in section, node is simplified in supplement k-1.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN104318697A true CN104318697A (en) | 2015-01-28 |
| CN104318697B CN104318697B (en) | 2017-02-15 |
Family
ID=52373921
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| CN108055669A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-18 | 南京林业大学 | Forest fire monitoring node deployment method and device |
| CN108174464A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-15 | 江西师范大学 | A kind of forest ecological environment wireless sensor network monitoring system |
| CN108269379A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-07-10 | 吉林建筑大学 | Combined fire detector based on Internet technology |
| CN109186672A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-11 | 浙江农林大学 | A kind of extensive bamboo grove ambient temperature and humidity detection method and system |
| CN109285312A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-29 | 东莞绿邦智能科技有限公司 | Forest fire preventing monitor system based on wireless sensor network |
| CN115762033A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-03-07 | 湘潭大学 | Forest fire monitoring and response system based on 5G communication technology |
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| CN108174464A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-15 | 江西师范大学 | A kind of forest ecological environment wireless sensor network monitoring system |
| CN108269379A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-07-10 | 吉林建筑大学 | Combined fire detector based on Internet technology |
| CN109186672A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-11 | 浙江农林大学 | A kind of extensive bamboo grove ambient temperature and humidity detection method and system |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104318697B (en) | 2017-02-15 |
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