CN104311852A - Method and device for preparing vertical orderly carbon nano tube/polyaniline composite membrane - Google Patents
Method and device for preparing vertical orderly carbon nano tube/polyaniline composite membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN104311852A CN104311852A CN201410581837.XA CN201410581837A CN104311852A CN 104311852 A CN104311852 A CN 104311852A CN 201410581837 A CN201410581837 A CN 201410581837A CN 104311852 A CN104311852 A CN 104311852A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of preparing a vertical orderly carbon nano tube/polyaniline composite membrane. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: a step of preparing a mixed aqueous dispersion liquid, namely, preparing a carbon nano tube subjected to the acidification treatment into a carbon nano tube aqueous dispersion liquid, preparing a polyaniline nano fiber aqueous dispersion liquid, then mixing the carbon nano tube aqueous dispersion liquid with the polyaniline nano fiber aqueous dispersion liquid to perform ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours and mechanical stirring for 30 minutes to obtain the mixed aqueous dispersion liquid; a step of preparing a carbon nano tube/polyaniline composite membrane by cooperating suction filtration with electric fields, namely pouring the mixed aqueous dispersion liquid into a suction filtration-electric field device, applying voltage of 100-250V to filter paper vertically, regulating the suction filtration power to 180W, applying the synergistic effect of the electric fields and the suction filtration to the mixed aqueous dispersion liquid, continuously applying voltage for 24 hours after the suction filtration is ended, then, taking out the filter paper and naturally drying the filter paper in the air to obtain the carbon nano tube/polyaniline composite membrane, wherein a mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the polyaniline nano fiber in the mixed aqueous dispersion liquid is 5 to 1.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation of material, be specifically related to a kind of method and apparatus adopting the standby vertical orderly carbon nano-tube/poly aniline composite membrane of suction method and electric field method coordinate system.
Background technology
The structure of carbon nanotube (CNTs) gives the mechanics of its excellence, electricity and thermal property.Be that the CNTs/ composite membrane of polymer of base material is widely studied with CNTs, adding of CNTs makes composite membrane have high strength, high conductivity and high thermostability, has huge application prospect in fields such as structured material, electron device, biological medicine and electrochemistry.At present, CNTs/ composite membrane of polymer is mainly divided into two kinds, and one group is the composite membrane prepared with CNTs and polymkeric substance simple blend, and preparation method is comparatively simple, and CNTs is lack of alignment in the polymer; Another kind is vertical CNTs/ composite membrane of polymer in order, and namely CNTs is perpendicular to film surface ordered arrangement.The ordered arrangement of CNTs makes composite membrane have anisotropy, electrical property and mechanical property, is separated in filter membrane etc. demonstrates good application potential at gas-selectively.
Polyaniline (PANi) is a kind of conducting functional materials with conjugated structure, there is raw material be easy to get, prepare the advantages such as simple, electric conductivity is high and thermostability is strong, be widely used in fields such as electrode materials, selective membrane material, electromagnetic shielding material and impregnating material.By PANi and CNTs compound, the CNTs/PANi composite membrane of polymer prepared has excellent physicals.
The key of the composite membrane that preparation CNTs/PANi composite membrane of polymer is particularly vertically orderly is the dispersed and vertical ordered arrangement of CNTs in PANi polymkeric substance.Make CNTs method of vertical ordered arrangement in PANi polymkeric substance can be packed into polymkeric substance in the CNTs of orthogonal array, also can induce CNTs orientation in the polymer.The degree of order is high for the CNTs (preparing as adopted chemical Vapor deposition process) of orthogonal array growth, but tube and tube gap is too small, and later stage polymkeric substance is difficult to be filled in tube gap, and the CNTs array area prepared is less, expensive.Adopt external force field induction CNTs orientation in the polymer can prepare the composite membrane having more practicality, these external force fields comprise high-intensity magnetic field, electric field, the mechanical field of force etc.High-intensity magnetic field method can prepare the CNTs array of high-sequential, but the magneticstrength needed in preparation process is up to about 25T, and experiment condition is harsh.Electric field method is that CNTs, under the effect of electrical forces, polarization phenomena occurs, and produces moment of dipole, thus makes CNTs can reach ordered arrangement along the direction of electrical forces, but electric field method more difficult acquisition film like CNTs/ composite membrane of polymer.Machinery field of force induced orientation, as suction method, can utilize Vacuum filtration device, directly CNTs with PANi nanofiber mixed dispersion liquid suction filtration under shear action is become film, its preparation method is easy, but in the composite membrane obtained, the CNTs degree of order is poor.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to that the problems referred to above carry out, object is to provide a kind of method and apparatus preparing vertical ordered carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite film, makes the arrangement of carbon nanotube in polyaniline vertically orderly and dispersed.
The present invention for achieving the above object, have employed following technical scheme:
< scheme one >
The invention provides a kind of method preparing vertical ordered carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite film, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps: prepare mixing water dispersion liquid step, acidification is carried out to carbon nanotube, carbon nanotube after acidification is configured to carbon nanotube aqueous dispersions, then polyaniline nano fiber is configured to polyaniline nano fiber aqueous dispersions, then by carbon nanotube aqueous dispersions and the mixing of polyaniline nano fiber aqueous dispersions, ultrasonic 4h, mechanical stirring 30min again, obtains mixing water dispersion liquid, suction filtration and electric field synergistic prepare carbon nano-tube/poly aniline composite membrane step, pour mixing water dispersion liquid into suction filtration-electric field arrangement, the filter paper of this suction filtration-electric field arrangement applies the voltage perpendicular to filter paper, this voltage is 100 ~ 250V, the suction filtration power regulating suction filtration-electric field arrangement is 180W, mixing water dispersion liquid is applied to the synergy of electric field and suction filtration, continue to apply voltage 24h after suction filtration terminates, then filter paper is taken out, naturally the carbon nano-tube/poly aniline composite membrane deposited on filter paper is obtained after drying, wherein, in mixing water dispersion liquid, the mass ratio of carbon nanotube and polyaniline nano fiber is 5:1.
Further, the method of the vertical ordered carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite film of preparation provided by the invention, can also have such feature: wherein, the concentration of carbon nanotube aqueous dispersions is 0.23mg/mL, and the concentration of polyaniline nano fiber aqueous dispersions is 0.15mg/mL.
In addition, the method for the vertical ordered carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite film of preparation provided by the invention, can also have such feature: wherein, the voltage that filter paper applies is 250V.
< scheme two >
The present invention also provides a kind of suction filtration-electric field arrangement, for carbon nanotube being prepared into vertical ordered carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite film with the mixing water dispersion liquid of polyaniline by the method according to any one of < scheme one >, it is characterized in that, comprise: body, this body is hollow structure and upper end is provided with opening, makes mixing water dispersion liquid enter body by opening; Funnel, entrance is connected with the lower end of body, and outlet is downwards; Liquid storage bottle, is positioned at below funnel and with the outlet of funnel and is connected; Vacuum pump, is connected with liquid storage bottle, for providing negative pressure to liquid storage bottle; Core, is fixed on intrinsic middle part; Filter paper, is fixed on the upper surface of core, for carrying carbon nanotube and polyaniline; Two electrodes, are fixed in body, lay respectively at above and below filter paper, form the electric field perpendicular to filter paper, allow carbon nanotube carry out orientation on polyaniline; AC power, the two poles of the earth of this AC power are connected with an electrode respectively by wire, provide electric current to form electric field to electrode, and wherein, body is that polymethylmethacrylate is made, and each electrode is adjustable to the distance of filter paper.
Further, suction filtration-electric field arrangement provided by the present invention, can also have such feature: wherein, and electrode is aluminium electrode.
Further, suction filtration-electric field arrangement provided by the present invention, can also have such feature: each electrode is equal to the distance of filter paper, and this distance is 9 ~ 30cm.
The effect of invention and effect
According to the method and apparatus preparing carbon nano-tube/poly aniline composite membrane provided by the present invention, because add the mixing water dispersion liquid of carbon nanotube and polyaniline in suction filtration-electric field arrangement, and the electric field applied perpendicular to filter paper direction, the carbon nanotube on filter paper and polyaniline is made to be subject to the acting in conjunction of suction filtration effect and electric field, therefore the method and device is adopted to prepare carbon nano-tube/poly aniline composite membrane, be dispersed in polyaniline with can not only making even carbon nanotube, form orthogonal array, carbon nanotube can also be made under the effect of electric field to obtain the very high degree of order.The method is simple to operate, with low cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of suction filtration-electric field arrangement of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the section SEM image of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by embodiment two;
Fig. 3 is the section SEM image of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by embodiment three;
Fig. 4 is the section SEM image of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by embodiment four;
Fig. 5 is the section SEM image of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by embodiment five; And
Fig. 6 is the section SEM image of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by comparative example.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the method and apparatus preparing carbon nano-tube/poly aniline composite membrane provided by the present invention is elaborated.
< embodiment one >
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of suction filtration-electric field arrangement of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, suction filtration-electric field arrangement 10 provided by the invention comprises body 11, funnel 12, core 13, cushion block 14, filter paper 15, aluminium electrode 16, aluminium electrode 17, AC power 18, wire 19, wire 20, liquid storage bottle (not shown) and vacuum pump (not shown).
Body 11 is hollow structures, is obtained by polymethylmethacrylate.Body 11 upper end is provided with opening, makes the mixing water dispersion liquid 21 of carbon nanotube and polyaniline enter body 11 by opening.
Funnel 12 is connected to body 11 lower end, is connected with body 11, has downward outlet.
Core 13 is arranged on the middle part in body 11.
Cushion block 14 is fixed on the middle part in body 11, for installing core 13.
Filter paper 15 is fixed on core 13 upper surface, for carrying carbon nanotube and polyaniline nano fiber in the process preparing carbon nano-tube/poly aniline composite membrane.
It is inner that aluminium electrode 16 and aluminium electrode 17 are positioned at body 11, is separately positioned on above and below filter paper 15, forms the electric field perpendicular to filter paper 15.Aluminium electrode 16 is equal to the distance of filter paper 15 with aluminium electrode 17, all can regulate in the scope of 9 ~ 30cm.
It is outside that AC power 18 is arranged on body 11, is connected with wire 20 respectively by wire 19 with aluminium electrode 16 with aluminium electrode 17.
Liquid storage bottle (not shown) is positioned at below funnel 12, is connected with the outlet of funnel 12, for storing the water pumped out in body 11 in suction filtration process.
Vacuum pump (not shown) is connected with liquid storage bottle (not shown), provides negative pressure to liquid storage bottle, thus is pumped in liquid storage bottle by the water in body 11.
< embodiment two >
Adopt the suction filtration-electric field arrangement 10 in < embodiment one > to prepare carbon nano-tube/poly aniline composite membrane, preparation method comprises the following steps:
Step one, prepares mixing water dispersion liquid.
First carry out acidification to carbon nanotube (CNTs), the method for acidification can refer to document J.Liu, A.G.Rinzler, H.Dai.Fullerene pipes [J] .Science, 1998,280,1253-1256.In the present embodiment, the single wall CNTs diameter after acidification is 1 ~ 2nm, and length is about 1 μm.Then chemical oxidative polymerization is adopted to prepare polyaniline (PANi) nanofiber, preparation method is as document H.D.Tran, Y.Wang, J.M.D ' Arcy, et al.Toward an understanding of the formation of conducting polymer nanofibers [J] .ACS NANO, 2008, described in 2 (9): 1841-1848.In the present embodiment, the diameter of the PANi nanofiber adopting aforesaid method to prepare is about 40nm, and length is about 300nm.
Get the CNTs after acidification, be configured to the CNTs aqueous dispersions that concentration is 0.23mg/mL, get PANi nanofiber and be configured to the PANi nanofiber aqueous dispersions that concentration is 0.15mg/mL.By CNTs aqueous dispersions and the mixing of PANi nanofiber aqueous dispersions, be configured to mixed solution, and make the mass ratio of CNTs and PANi nanofiber in mixed solution be that the total mass of 5:1, CNTs and PANi nanofiber is about 20mg.
By above-mentioned mixed solution supersound process 4h, then mechanical stirring 30min, CNTs and PANi nanofiber is mixed, obtains mixing water dispersion liquid.
Step 2, suction filtration and electric field synergistic prepare carbon nano-tube/poly aniline composite membrane.
Get the 300mL mixing water dispersion liquid that step one obtains to pour in the body 11 of suction filtration-electric field arrangement 10, the voltage arranging AC power 18 is 250V, and regulate aluminium electrode 16 and aluminium electrode 17 to be 9mm to the distance of filter paper 15, the suction filtration power of vacuum pump is 180W.Open vacuum pump and AC power 18, under the effect of electric field, suction filtration is carried out to mixing water dispersion liquid.Suction filtration terminates rear closedown vacuum pump, and AC power 18 continues to open 24h, then closes AC power 18, takes out filter paper 15, naturally dries.
Vacuum pump provides negative pressure to liquid storage bottle, and the water in mixing water dispersion liquid in body 11 is pumped to liquid storage bottle, CNTs and PANi nanofiber is deposited on filter paper 15 under the effect of suction filtration.Perpendicular under the suction force of filter paper 15 and the acting in conjunction of electric field, CNTs is vertically orderly and dispersed be arranged on PANi nanofiber along direction of an electric field, namely obtains CNTs/PANi composite membrane after drying.
After preparing CNTs/PANi composite membrane, the method of epoxy embedding is adopted to prepare profile scanning Electronic Speculum (SEM) sample of composite membrane, step is as follows: first, get 30g epoxy, add solidifying agent 4-4-diaminodiphenyl-methane (solidifying agent massfraction is about 30%), add a certain amount of acetone again mixture is fully dissolved, be uniformly dispersed, obtain embedding medium.CNTs/PANi composite membrane fully embeds by the above-mentioned embedding medium that takes a morsel, Procuring 1h at 60 DEG C, then solidifies 3h at 80 DEG C, obtains the epoxy resin embedding sample of CNTs/PANi composite membrane.Then by the brittle failure in liquid nitrogen of above-mentioned embedded samples, metal spraying on sample section, obtains the section SEM sample of CNTs/PANi composite membrane.
Fig. 2 is the section SEM image of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by embodiment two.
As shown in Figure 2, the thickness of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by the present embodiment is about 20 μm, and the CNTs in composite membrane forms orthogonal array along the direction perpendicular to composite film surface, and distributes very evenly.
< embodiment three >
In the present embodiment, the step of preparation CNTs/PANi composite membrane and the identical of embodiment two, but aluminium electrode 16 and aluminium electrode 17 are adjusted to 12mm to the distance of filter paper 15.
Fig. 3 is the section SEM image of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by embodiment three;
As shown in Figure 3, the thickness of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by the present embodiment is about 20 μm, and CNTs is evenly dispersed in composite film surface, but compared with embodiment two, the degree of order that CNTs is arranging perpendicular to composite film surface decreases.
< embodiment four >
In the present embodiment, the step of preparation CNTs/PANi composite membrane and the identical of embodiment two, keep the mass ratio 5:1 of CNTs and PANi nanofiber in mixing water dispersion liquid constant, make the total mass of CNTs and PANi nanofiber in mixing water dispersion liquid be 10mg, prepare in composite membrane process, regulating the voltage of AC power 18 to be 200V in step 2.
Fig. 4 is the section SEM image of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by embodiment four.
As shown in Figure 4, the thickness of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by the present embodiment is about 10 μm, and in composite membrane, CNTs is more in disorder perpendicular to the arrangement on the direction of composite membrane, and the degree of order obviously reduces.
< embodiment five >
In the present embodiment, the step of preparation CNTs/PANi composite membrane and the identical of embodiment two, but in step 2, regulate the voltage of AC power 18 to be 100V.
Fig. 5 is the section SEM image of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by embodiment five.
As shown in Figure 5, the thickness of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by the present embodiment is about 10 μm, and after loss of voltage to 100V, the CNTs in CNTs/PANi composite membrane obviously reduces in the arrangement perpendicular to composite membrane direction, and the arrangement degree of order is poor.
< comparative example >
Step one, prepares mixing water dispersion liquid.In this comparative example, the preparation method of mixing water dispersion liquid is with embodiment two.
Step 2, suction method prepares CNTs/PANi composite membrane.Get the 300mL mixing water dispersion liquid that step one obtains to pour in the body 11 of suction filtration-electric field arrangement 10, the suction filtration power arranging vacuum pump is 180W.Open vacuum pump, suction filtration is carried out to mixing water dispersion liquid.Suction filtration terminates rear closedown vacuum pump, takes out filter paper 15, naturally dries, obtain CNTs/PANi composite membrane.
Fig. 6 is the section SEM image of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by comparative example.
Adopt the method for epoxy embedding to prepare the section SEM sample of CNTs/PANi composite membrane, shooting SEM image as shown in Figure 6.The thickness of CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by visible comparative example is about 20 μm.In CNTs/PANi composite membrane prepared by suction method, CNTs is evenly distributed, but great majority are along the direction arrangement being parallel to composite membrane, only have the small part CNTs at close filter paper 15 place to arrange along the direction perpendicular to composite membrane.
The effect of embodiment and effect
According to the method and apparatus of the preparation CNTs/PANi composite membrane of embodiment one ~ five, because add the mixing water dispersion liquid of carbon nanotube and polyaniline in suction filtration-electric field arrangement, and the electric field applied perpendicular to filter paper direction, the carbon nanotube on filter paper and polyaniline is made to be subject to the acting in conjunction of suction filtration and electric field, therefore the method and device is adopted to prepare carbon nano-tube/poly aniline composite membrane, be dispersed in polyaniline with can not only making even carbon nanotube, form orthogonal array, carbon nanotube can also be made under the effect of electric field to obtain the very high degree of order.The method is simple to operate, with low cost.
Comparative example two and embodiment three visible, increase the distance of two aluminium electrodes to filter paper, though do not affect the thickness of CNTs/PANi composite membrane and the dispersiveness of CNTs, the degree of order of CNTs can be caused to reduce.
Comparative example two and embodiment four, embodiment five are visible, the voltage that two aluminium electrodes apply is higher, the electric field action that CNTs and PANi then on filter paper is subject to is larger, makes CNTs/PANi composite film thickness larger, and in composite membrane, the degree of order of CNTs is better.
These are only the present invention conceive under basic explanation, the protection domain be not intended to limit the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. prepare a method for vertical ordered carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite film, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Prepare mixing water dispersion liquid step, acidification is carried out to carbon nanotube, carbon nanotube after described acidification is configured to carbon nanotube aqueous dispersions, then polyaniline nano fiber is configured to polyaniline nano fiber aqueous dispersions, then by described carbon nanotube aqueous dispersions and the mixing of described polyaniline nano fiber aqueous dispersions, ultrasonic 4h, then mechanical stirring 30min, obtain mixing water dispersion liquid;
Suction filtration and electric field synergistic prepare carbon nano-tube/poly aniline composite membrane step, pour described mixing water dispersion liquid into suction filtration-electric field arrangement, the filter paper of this suction filtration-electric field arrangement applies the voltage perpendicular to described filter paper, this voltage is 100 ~ 250V, the suction filtration power of described suction filtration-electric field arrangement is regulated to be 180W, described mixing water dispersion liquid is applied to the synergy of electric field and suction filtration, continue to apply described voltage 24h after described suction filtration terminates, then described filter paper is taken out, naturally the carbon nano-tube/poly aniline composite membrane deposited on described filter paper is obtained after drying
Wherein, described in described mixing water dispersion liquid, the mass ratio of carbon nanotube and described polyaniline nano fiber is 5:1.
2. the method for the vertical ordered carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite film of preparation according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Wherein, the concentration of described carbon nanotube aqueous dispersions is 0.23mg/mL, and the concentration of described polyaniline nano fiber aqueous dispersions is 0.15mg/mL.
3. the method for the vertical ordered carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite film of preparation according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Wherein, described voltage is 250V.
4. suction filtration-electric field arrangement, for carbon nanotube being prepared into vertical ordered carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite film with the mixing water dispersion liquid of polyaniline by the method described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, comprising:
Body, this body is hollow structure and upper end is provided with opening, makes described mixing water dispersion liquid enter described body by described opening;
Funnel, entrance is connected with the lower end of described body, and outlet is downwards;
Liquid storage bottle, is positioned at below described funnel and with the described outlet of described funnel and is connected;
Vacuum pump, is connected with described liquid storage bottle, for providing negative pressure to described liquid storage bottle;
Core, is fixed on described intrinsic middle part;
Filter paper, is fixed on the upper surface of described core, for carrying described carbon nanotube and described polyaniline;
Two electrodes, are fixed in described body, lay respectively at above and below described filter paper, form the electric field perpendicular to described filter paper, allow described carbon nanotube carry out orientation on described polyaniline;
AC power, the two poles of the earth of this AC power are connected with a described electrode respectively by wire, provide electric current to form described electric field to described electrode,
Wherein, described body is that polymethylmethacrylate is made,
Each described electrode is adjustable to the distance of described filter paper.
5. suction filtration-electric field arrangement according to claim 4, is characterized in that:
Wherein, described electrode is aluminium electrode.
6. suction filtration-the electric field arrangement according to claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that:
Wherein, each described electrode is equal to the distance of described filter paper, and this distance is 9 ~ 30cm.
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| CN105241944A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2016-01-13 | 浙江大学 | Method for electrochemical detection of antibiotics in milk based on vertical and ordered micelle enrichment |
| WO2016173127A1 (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | 南京工业大学 | Method for manufacturing vertically-growing open carbon nanotube thin film |
| CN107541996A (en) * | 2016-06-25 | 2018-01-05 | 董晓 | A kind of preparation method of modified carbon nano-tube electromagnetic shielding paper |
| CN109821418A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-05-31 | 天津工业大学 | It is a kind of with aligned carbon nanotube basement membrane, utilize its interfacial polymerization nanofiltration membrane and preparation method thereof |
| CN110862470A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-06 | 上海深化实业有限公司 | Devolatilization method of polyvinyl chloride resin for paste |
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| WO2016173127A1 (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | 南京工业大学 | Method for manufacturing vertically-growing open carbon nanotube thin film |
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