CN104303744A - Cultivation and management method for square watermelons - Google Patents
Cultivation and management method for square watermelons Download PDFInfo
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- CN104303744A CN104303744A CN201410493686.2A CN201410493686A CN104303744A CN 104303744 A CN104303744 A CN 104303744A CN 201410493686 A CN201410493686 A CN 201410493686A CN 104303744 A CN104303744 A CN 104303744A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation and management method for square watermelons. The method comprises the steps of (1) soil preparation and bedding, (2) seedling transplanting and field planting, (3) twig and vine pruning, (4) artificial pollination, (5) nutrient and water management, (6) putting of strong fruits into a mold device, (7) temperature control and (8) harvesting of the square watermelons. The cubic watermelons are efficiently produced with the adoption of a series of watermelon cultivation and management measures and the mold device. On the premise of no influence on the quality of the watermelons, the shape of the watermelons is changed from a spherical shape into a cubic shape, so that the ornamental value and the additional economic value of the fruits are improved, the market requirement is met, and the economic benefits of land per unit area in the production of the watermelons are greatly increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of planting, particularly relate to a kind of square cultivating watermelon management method.
Background technology
Along with growth in the living standard, the consumption structure of people is also constantly changing.People are no longer simple quenching one's thirst to relieve summer heat summer to the consumption demand of watermelon, but more pursue quality, characteristic and variation.
Under the prerequisite not affecting quality of watermelon, by the cultivation management method that mould is moulding and suitable, produce the watermelon with specific modality, promote appreciative value and the economic value added of fruit to a certain extent, not only meet the market demand, also substantially increase the economic benefit in unit are soil in watermelon production.
But the plantation feature had due to specific modality watermelon is not identical with common watermelon, existing cultivating watermelon method can not be applied mechanically and plant, therefore need a kind of special cultivation management method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is under the prerequisite not affecting quality of watermelon, utilize a kind of cultivating watermelon management method in conjunction with die device, watermelon profile is changed into by spherical cube shaped, promote appreciative value and the economic value added of fruit.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of square cultivating watermelon management method, draw together following steps:
Step one: build booth, applies base manure and ploughs wholely in booth, does 2 furrow in canopy, furrow face bedding mulch film;
Step 2: hole of punching on mulch film, hole spacing 1.0-1.2m, hole location is apart from booth edge 30-60cm, and field planting seedling in hole, waters sufficient normal root water, 1 ridge cultivation kind 1 row watermelon;
Step 3: the seedling of transplanting survives the two climing pruning method training of rear employing;
Step 4: treat that Post flowering carries out artificial pollination and stays fruit, fruit thinning, choose the female flower of joint position after 15 joints and carry out artificial pollination, remove unnecessary fruit and odd fruit, every bar tendril retains a fruit;
Step 5: use 1 time and carry seed manure, until fruit development to using 1 swelling melon fertilizer during diameter 5-8cm stretching the climing phase;
Step 6: select robust plant, the tendril of the thick 8-10mm of rattan, bears fruit joint position after 15 joints, and after distance pollination date, the fruit of 8-12 days, fruit diameter size 8-13cm to be inserted in square watermelon growing device and to use 1 swelling melon fertilizer;
Step 7: after watermelon is placed in mould, above mould and surrounding cover the thick hay of 3-4cm, and draw watermelon tendril and cover mould, avoid direct sunlight;
Step 8: watermelon loads mould after 18-22 days, watermelon six face is close to when mould inner wall is not less than ninety percent and is gathered.
Described square cultivating watermelon management method, also comprises step 9: after first fruit harvesting, retains innovation 2-3 bar at basal part of stem, and cut off always climing, water supplementary fertilizer to impel length of newly overgrowing, then repeated execution of steps four to step 8, to produce the square watermelon of second batch.
Described square cultivating watermelon management method, in step, booth width is 5-6m, length is no more than 30m, and the base manure applied is decomposed manure every mu 1000-1500kg, superphosphate every mu 50kg, every mu, urea 30kg, potassium sulfate every mu 30kg, the wide 2.0-2.5m of furrow, stays 0.6-0.8m distance between two furrow.
Described square cultivating watermelon management method, in step 2, the diameter of hole is 8-10cm, is 10-15cm deeply, spacing in the rows is about 1.0-1.2m, punch position is apart from booth edge 30-60cm, every watermelon waters normal root water 500ml, then uses 500ml carbendazim 50% wetting powder 500 times of liquid irrigating roots, to prevent and treat fusarium wilt.
Described square cultivating watermelon management method, in step 3, plant master overgrow grow to 20-30cm long time start training, retain a main climing and basal part of stem and grow the most healthy and the strongest lateral bine.
Described square cultivating watermelon management method, in step 4, select to carry out artificial pollination at fine day at 6-9 o'clock in the morning, be at the cloudy day at 8-10 o'clock in the morning, then observe fruit development situation until fruit development to during diameter 5-8cm, remove malformed fruit and fruit thinning, a climing upper only reservation fruit, pinch retain 8-12 sheet functional leaf behind joint position of bearing fruit after, nourish and grow to suppress watermelon tendril and promote that fruit development expands.
Described square cultivating watermelon management method, in step 5, stretching the climing phase, use 8-10kg potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer for every mu, until fruit development to during diameter 5-8cm every mu use 10-15kg potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer, use 5-10kg potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer and 10-15kg potassium sulfate for every mu after packaging mould, in step 9, after first square melon results, use 10-15kg potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer for every mu.
Described square cultivating watermelon management method, in step 6, after fruit puts into square watermelon growing device, placement mould of first lying on one's side, changes into erectting and places, make melon handle upward after watermelon top contacts with mould inner wall with bottom.
Described square cultivating watermelon management method, in step 7, removed sunshade hay in first three of gathering to five days, is only preserved for the watermelon tendril of sunshade.
Described square cultivating watermelon management method, in step 8, if watermelon growing 10 days just adherent 80% or more, then needs to pinch and hinders melon handle, to delay watermelon growing, gather after maturation.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention adopts in cultivating watermelon process that control water, control are fertile, temperature control many kinds of measures, builds the growing environment that watermelon is suitable, controls fruit and slowly grow, use in conjunction with square dies, produces that mouthfeel is suitable for, square watermelon handsome in appearance.The present invention adopts fixed mould in cultivating watermelon process, and takes strict water and fertilizer management, and promote that Watermelon Fruit grows fast early stage, the later stage is focused on watermelon local flavor and regulates, and focuses on temperature simultaneously and regulates, and produces that mouthfeel is suitable for, square watermelon handsome in appearance.
(1) under the prerequisite not affecting quality of watermelon, by watermelon profile is changed into cube shaped by spherical, promote appreciative value and the economic value added of fruit, not only meet the market demand, and square watermelon price is generally the ten several times even decades of times of common watermelon price, improve the economic benefit at plantation family.
(2) every mu of ground cultivation 200-250 strain, reduce planting density, conveniently assemble and disassemble mould, impels plant growing way more healthy and stronger, and reduce damage by disease and insect occurrence probability, square watermelon ratio of briquetting is higher.
(3) adopt two climing trainings, every bar branch bears fruit 1 piece, can control watermelon preferably and expand speed, unlikely due to growth rate too fast and occur splitting melon in mould.
(4) watermelon top and bottom are touched wall rear mold and are erect placement, and inner aqueous vapor in-line arrangement water hole can be made to flow out, and reduce interior humidity.Prevent because mould inside humidity causes too greatly watermelon necrosis or taste bad.
(5) above mould and surrounding can cover the thick hay of 3-4cm, and draw some watermelon tendrils and cover mould, direct sunlight is avoided to burn watermelon peel, when temperature is more than 30 DEG C, keep booth ventilated, also can add a cover sunshade net in time above booth if necessary, to reduce temperature in mould.To remove sunshade hay to five days in first three being about to gather and only retain tendril above watermelon, allow watermelon accept appropriate illumination, make watermelon color of the leather gorgeous, decorative pattern is clear beautiful.
(6) will in conjunction with the watermelon growing cycle in recovery process, medium well harvesting, maturity is too low affects mouthfeel, and maturity is too high is easily cause to split melon getting melon.Watermelon loads mould after 18-22 days, and watermelon six face is close to when mould inner wall is not less than ninety percent and is gathered; Stay long melon handle, anti-crack arrest melon of handling with care when gathering as far as possible.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of right-angle prismatic post mold of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the stereogram of right-angle prismatic post mold of the present invention;
Wherein 1 be protuberance, 2 for bolt hole, 3 for melon handle growth hole, 4 for osculum, 5 for reinforcement, 6 be air-vent.
Embodiment
Below the present invention is elaborated, can implement according to this after consulting this specification to make those of ordinary skill in the art.
This square cultivating watermelon management method comprises the following steps:
Step one: build booth, applies base manure and ploughs wholely in booth, does 2 furrow in canopy, furrow face bedding mulch film; The good sand of general selection irrigation condition carrys out cultivated watermelons, and melon patch surrounding excavation drain ditch, encloses ditch depth 40-50cm, accomplish that ditch ditch communicates, guarantee that the rainy day is without ponding.
Step 2: hole of punching on mulch film, hole spacing 1.0-1.2m, hole location is apart from booth edge 30-60cm, in hole, field planting is with the seedling of 2-4 sheet true leaf, waters sufficient normal root water, 1 ridge cultivation kind 1 row watermelon, plantation two row in each booth, every mu of about 200-250 strain is advisable, and waters sufficient normal root water; The variety of watermelon of plantation selects positive circular fruit, the kind be of moderate size as required, and the present embodiment selects positive round, the middle fruit type kinds such as morning good 8424.
Step 3: the seedling of transplanting survives the two climing pruning method training of rear employing;
Step 4: treat that Post flowering carries out artificial pollination and stays fruit, fruit thinning, choose the female flower of joint position after 15 joints and carry out artificial pollination, remove unnecessary fruit and odd fruit, every bar tendril retains a fruit;
Step 5: use 1 time and carry seed manure, until fruit development to using 1 swelling melon fertilizer during diameter 5-8cm stretching the climing phase;
Step 6: select robust plant, the tendril of the thick 8-10mm of rattan, bears fruit joint position after 15 joints, and after distance pollination date, the fruit of 8-12 days, fruit diameter size 8-13cm to be inserted in square watermelon growing device and to use 1 swelling melon fertilizer;
The mould that the present embodiment is selected comprises die ontology, die ontology comprises two symmetrical right-angle prismatic post molds, right-angle prismatic post mold is provided with along whole sidewall outer protuberance outwardly in the side-walls of hypotenuse, protuberance have multiple for the bolt hole through bolt, bolt hole position on two right-angle prismatic post molds matches each other, and be connected to each other through screw the square dies that split is a hollow by bolts and nuts, the present embodiment adopts dismounting assembling all conveniently screw bolt and nut, when specifically using, also the fixture can selecting for being fixedly connected with two right-angle prismatic post molds according to actual conditions, and be not limited only to screw bolt and nut.The quantity of bolt hole also can be determined according to actual conditions simultaneously, and principle is that less variety of watermelon adopts less bolt hole, and larger variety of watermelon adopts more bolt hole.
For the ease of watermelon growing.One side of the protuberance of two right-angle prismatic post molds is respectively provided with the semi-cylindrical hole that a position matches each other, to form the melon handle growth hole for stretching out melon handle after split.
In order to discharge the globule of mould inside condensation in time, the protuberance of two right-angle prismatic post molds is being provided with semi-cylindrical hole melon handle growth hole opposite side being on one side provided with multiple position and matching each other, be used for the osculum of draining to be formed after split, be unlikely to allow hydrogenesis cannot discharge at mould inside and affect illumination or cause that moisture in mould is too high to have a negative impact to watermelon growing like this.
In order to strengthen mould strength, prevent because expansive force in watermelon growing process is excessive and burst mould, the outer wall of two right-angle prismatic post molds is provided with at least one for strengthening the reinforcement of casing rigidity, the quantity of reinforcement is determined according to concrete variety of watermelon, principle is that less variety of watermelon adopts less reinforcement, and larger variety of watermelon adopts more reinforcement.
In order to make mould inside air circulation, the right angle side of two right-angle prismatic post molds is provided with at least one for ventilative air-vent, due to watermelon shaping time, finally be filled full position and be only four right-angle lines, so this air-vent can play the object of ventilative heat radiation always, the quantity of air-vent is determined according to concrete variety of watermelon, and principle is that less variety of watermelon adopts less air-vent, and larger variety of watermelon adopts more air-vent.
This mould can be rectangular-shaped mould, is isosceles right-angle prismatic post mold according to two right-angle prismatic post molds, and pieces together the square mould of a hollow, then the watermelon grown is cube-shaped.
In order to make mould reach printing opacity, and feature that is non-friable, good endurance, two right-angle prismatic post molds are by transparent PC material, and namely Merlon is made.
Be unlikely to the situation in use occurring breaking to make mould comparatively tough, the thickness of two right-angle prismatic post molds is not less than 2.5mm.
In actual use, choose the variety of watermelon that fruit size and mould size match, the watermelon being in fruit expanding period is put into mould, melon handle is positioned over melon handle growth hole, and two halves screw bolt and nut are fixed.
Step 7: after watermelon is placed in mould, above mould and surrounding cover the thick hay of 3-4cm, and draw watermelon tendril and cover mould, avoid direct sunlight; When temperature is more than 30 DEG C, booth be kept ventilated, also can add a cover sunshade net in time above booth if necessary, to reduce temperature in mould.
Step 8: watermelon loads mould after 18-22 days, watermelon six face is close to when mould inner wall is not less than ninety percent and is gathered; Stay long melon handle, anti-crack arrest melon of handling with care when gathering as far as possible.
In order to improve the yield of watermelon in year further, also comprising step 9: after first fruit harvesting, retaining innovation 2-3 bar at basal part of stem, and cut off always climing, water supplementary fertilizer to impel length of newly overgrowing, then repeated execution of steps four to step 8, to produce the square watermelon of second batch.
In the step one of the present embodiment, booth width is 5-6m, length is no more than 30m, the base manure applied is decomposed manure every mu 1000-1500kg, superphosphate every mu 50kg, every mu, urea 30kg, potassium sulfate every mu 30kg, the wide 2.0-2.5m of furrow, stays 0.6-0.8m distance between two furrow, the wide 2.0-2.5m of furrow.
In the step 2 of the present embodiment, the diameter of hole is 8-10cm, is 10-15cm deeply, and spacing in the rows is about 1.0-1.2m, and punch position, apart from booth edge 30-60cm, adds carbendazim or thiophanate methyl with sterilization in normal root water.
In the step 3 of the present embodiment, plant master overgrow grow to 20-30cm long time start training, retain a main climing and basal part of stem and grow the most healthy and the strongest lateral bine.
In the step 4 of the present embodiment, fine day is selected to carry out artificial pollination at 6-9 o'clock in the morning, and the cloudy day can suitably delay 8-10 o'clock, because be female chapiter and male flower pollen physiologically active the most vigorous time during 6-9 in morning, therefore, this is the Best Times of artificial pollination.Observe fruit development situation until fruit development to during diameter 5-8cm, remove malformed fruit and fruit thinning, a climing upper only reservation fruit, pinches after retaining 8-12 sheet functional leaf, nourish and grow and promote that fruit development expands to suppress watermelon tendril behind joint position of bearing fruit.
In the step 5 of the present embodiment, stretching the climing phase, use 8-10kg potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer (15-15-15) for every mu, until fruit development to during diameter 5-8cm every mu use 10-15kg potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer (15-15-15), 5-10kg potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer (15-15-15) and 10-15kg potassium sulfate is used for every mu after packaging mould, in step 9, after first square melon results, use 10-15kg potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer (15-15-15) for every mu.
In the step 6 of the present embodiment, after fruit puts into square watermelon growing device, placement mould of first lying on one's side, changes into erectting and places, make melon handle upward after watermelon top contacts with mould inner wall with bottom.Allow moisture in mould flow out along mould osculum, can interior humidity be reduced
In the step 7 of the present embodiment, mould rear mold internal temperature put into by watermelon can be much higher than external temperature, be unfavorable for that watermelon growing is grown, when temperature is more than 30 DEG C, booth must be aeration-cooling, prevent direct sunlight from burning watermelon peel is being gathered that first three removed sunshade hay to five days as far as possible, is only preserved for the watermelon tendril of sunshade.
In the step 8 of the present embodiment, if watermelon growing about 10 days just adherent 80% or more, then need to pinch and hinder melon handle, to delay watermelon growing, gather after maturation.Stay long melon handle when gathering as far as possible, open when melon got by mould and first all screws are unscrewed a little, then many screws unload, anti-crack arrest melon of handling with care, watermelon is not met the requirements of to adherent area and can be judged as defective square watermelon, must extract in time.
Claims (10)
1. a square cultivating watermelon management method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step one: build booth, applies base manure and ploughs wholely in booth, does 2 furrow in canopy, furrow face bedding mulch film;
Step 2: hole of punching on mulch film, hole spacing 1.0-1.2m, hole location is apart from booth edge 30-60cm, and field planting seedling in hole, waters sufficient normal root water, 1 ridge cultivation kind 1 row watermelon;
Step 3: the seedling of transplanting survives the two climing pruning method training of rear employing;
Step 4: treat that Post flowering carries out artificial pollination and stays fruit, fruit thinning, choose the female flower of joint position after 15 joints and carry out artificial pollination, remove unnecessary fruit and odd fruit, every bar tendril retains a fruit;
Step 5: use 1 time and carry seed manure, until fruit development to using 1 swelling melon fertilizer during diameter 5-8cm stretching the climing phase;
Step 6: select robust plant, the tendril of the thick 8-10mm of rattan, bears fruit joint position after 15 joints, and after distance pollination date, the fruit of 8-12 days, fruit diameter size 8-13cm to be inserted in square watermelon growing device and to use 1 swelling melon fertilizer;
Step 7: after watermelon is placed in mould, above mould and surrounding cover the thick hay of 3-4cm, and draw watermelon tendril and cover mould, avoid direct sunlight;
Step 8: watermelon loads mould after 18-22 days, watermelon six face is close to when mould inner wall is not less than ninety percent and is gathered.
2. square cultivating watermelon management method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise step 9: after first fruit harvesting, innovation 2-3 bar is retained at basal part of stem, and cut off always climing, water supplementary fertilizer to impel length of newly overgrowing, then repeated execution of steps four to step 8, to produce the square watermelon of second batch.
3. square cultivating watermelon management method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step one, booth width is 5-6m, and length is no more than 30m, the base manure applied is decomposed manure every mu 1000-1500kg, superphosphate every mu 50kg, every mu, urea 30kg, potassium sulfate every mu 30kg, the wide 2.0-2.5m of furrow, stays 0.6-0.8m distance between two furrow.
4. square cultivating watermelon management method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step 2, the diameter of hole is 8-10cm, is 10-15cm deeply, spacing in the rows is about 1.0-1.2m, and punch position is apart from booth edge 30-60cm, and every watermelon waters normal root water 500ml, use 500ml carbendazim 50% wetting powder 500 times of liquid irrigating roots again, to prevent and treat fusarium wilt.
5. square cultivating watermelon management method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 3, plant master overgrow grow to 20-30cm long time start training, retain a main climing and basal part of stem and grow the most healthy and the strongest lateral bine.
6. square cultivating watermelon management method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step 4, select to carry out artificial pollination at fine day, be at the cloudy day at 6-9 o'clock in the morning at 8-10 o'clock in the morning, then observes fruit development situation until fruit development to during diameter 5-8cm, remove malformed fruit and fruit thinning, a climing upper only reservation fruit, pinches after retaining 8-12 sheet functional leaf, nourish and grow and promote that fruit development expands to suppress watermelon tendril behind joint position of bearing fruit.
7. square cultivating watermelon management method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step 5, stretching the climing phase, use 8-10kg potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer for every mu, until fruit development to during diameter 5-8cm every mu use 10-15kg potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer, use 5-10kg potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer and 10-15kg potassium sulfate for every mu after packaging mould, in step 9, after first square melon results, use 10-15kg potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer for every mu.
8. square cultivating watermelon management method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 6, after fruit puts into square watermelon growing device, placement mould of first lying on one's side, changes into erectting and place, make melon handle upward after watermelon top contacts with mould inner wall with bottom.
9. square cultivating watermelon management method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 7, removes sunshade hay in first three of gathering to five days, is only preserved for the watermelon tendril of sunshade.
10. square cultivating watermelon management method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 8, if watermelon growing 10 days just adherent 80% or more, then needs to pinch and hinders melon handle, to delay watermelon growing, gather after maturation.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105027924A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-11 | 德清新田农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of small watermelons utilizing connected net racks in greenhouse |
| CN105935024A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-09-14 | 杨泽俊 | Method for cultivating square watermelons with characters |
| CN109122101A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-04 | 湖州吴兴金农生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of square cultivating watermelon device |
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| CN101180934A (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2008-05-21 | 上海市农业科学院 | Cultivation method of dual-color ice cream watermelon |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105027924A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-11 | 德清新田农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of small watermelons utilizing connected net racks in greenhouse |
| CN105935024A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-09-14 | 杨泽俊 | Method for cultivating square watermelons with characters |
| CN109122101A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-04 | 湖州吴兴金农生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of square cultivating watermelon device |
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Application publication date: 20150128 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |