CN104301619B - A kind of quickly camera exposure time automatic adjusting method and device - Google Patents
A kind of quickly camera exposure time automatic adjusting method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104301619B CN104301619B CN201410062016.5A CN201410062016A CN104301619B CN 104301619 B CN104301619 B CN 104301619B CN 201410062016 A CN201410062016 A CN 201410062016A CN 104301619 B CN104301619 B CN 104301619B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of quickly camera exposure time automatic adjusting method and device, is carried out into stepping, the time for exposure corresponds to different gears from length is short to the camera exposure time；The time for exposure is initialized to camera, and is shot, obtains piece image, and the average gray value of the image is calculated；Average gray value is represented with eight-digit binary number, and takes high five digit number to be compared with exposure intensity value in default exposure intensity adjusting step table, obtains adjusting step numerical value corresponding to the exposure intensity；Current gear is adjusted according to adjusting step numerical value, obtains new gear, then the time for exposure corresponding to the new gear is shooting camera exposure time next time, realizes the adjust automatically of camera exposure time；The present invention only relies on high-performance FPGA, high speed acquisition view data, camera exposure intensity is assessed using image averaging gray scale, and algorithm is simple, effective, real-time, is easy to hardware to transplant.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to camera automatic exposure technical field, is related to a kind of quickly aerial camera time for exposure adjust automatically
Method.
Background technology
During traditional digital camera is taken pictures, mechanical aperture and machine are generally carried out as light-metering unit using photometer
The adjustment control of tool shutter, but due to bigger with ground difference in brightness in the air, often occurred bright or crossed dim phenomenon, and caused big
Measure the loss of details interested；In addition, some image investigation device fallings speed are fast, mechanical shock magnitude is high, this requires phase
Machine auto-exposure control algorithm is simple, quick, accurate and effective, should take less system resource, possesses stronger hardware transplanting
Property, it is clear that mechanical shutter and aperture are difficult to the requirement for meeting instantaneous exposure, antivibration, shock resistance etc., resulting phase of taking photo by plane
Piece effect is bad.
Occur in recent years using ccd sensor output gray level image, using image grey level histogram method the methods of（Such as
" camera is without the continuous automatic exposure time adjustment control dress of sensor for the Chinese patent application of Application No. 201210259794.4
Put "）To realize the automatic exposure of camera.The algorithm of this method is more complicated, and hardware is computationally intensive, to system hardware resources demand
Height, excessively restricted by exposure stepping series sometimes and instantaneous exposure can not be realized.
The content of the invention
It is fast to solve existing machinery it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of quickly camera exposure time automatic adjusting method
Door and aperture are difficult to automatic satisfaction, instantaneous exposure, as matter requires the problem of high.
To achieve the above object, the step of quick camera exposure time automatic adjusting method of the invention is as follows：
A kind of quickly camera exposure time automatic adjusting method is as follows the step of this method：
（1）Shoot to obtain image to set gear, and the average gray value of the image is calculated；It is described setting gear be
Camera exposure time progress stepping is obtained, the time for exposure corresponds to different gears from length is short to；
（2）Time for exposure is evaluated with average gray, if exposure is abnormal, according to " average gray value --- exposure is strong
Corresponding relation between degree --- gear ", is adjusted to current gear, obtains new gear, is exposed corresponding to the new gear
It is shooting camera exposure time next time between light time.
The time for exposure is from being short to long respective notch from small to large；Average gray value eight-digit binary number or 16 are entered
Tabulation is shown, and takes high five digit number, and this digital is compared with exposure intensity value in default exposure intensity-adjusting step table
It is right, corresponding exposure intensity is found, and obtain adjusting step value corresponding to the exposure intensity；The adjusting step value shoots for next time
The difference of gear and current gear.
The light flux variations that each gear corresponds to camera lens reception are 1/4~1/2.
If the new gear being calculated by adjusting step exceeds gear bands, using the maximum or minimum exposure time as
Shooting camera exposure time next time.
A kind of quickly camera exposure time automatic regulating apparatus, including module are as follows：
（1）Shoot to obtain image to set gear, and the average gray value of the image is calculated；It is described setting gear be
Camera exposure time progress stepping is obtained, the time for exposure corresponds to different gears from length is short to；
（2）Time for exposure is evaluated with average gray, if exposure is abnormal, according to " average gray value --- exposure is strong
Corresponding relation between degree --- gear ", is adjusted to current gear, obtains new gear, is exposed corresponding to the new gear
It is shooting camera exposure time next time between light time.
The time for exposure is from being short to long respective notch from small to large；Average gray value eight-digit binary number or 16 are entered
Tabulation is shown, and takes high five digit number, and this digital is compared with exposure intensity value in default exposure intensity-adjusting step table
It is right, corresponding exposure intensity is found, and obtain adjusting step value corresponding to the exposure intensity；The adjusting step value shoots for next time
The difference of gear and current gear.
The light flux variations that each gear corresponds to camera lens reception are 1/4~1/2.
If the new gear being calculated by adjusting step exceeds gear bands, using the maximum or minimum exposure time as
Shooting camera exposure time next time.The quick camera exposure time automatic adjusting method of the present invention has the beneficial effect that：
1st, the limitation of traditional camera automatic exposure control method hardware configuration and resource has been broken away from, has made full use of CCD to pass
The characteristics of sensor, camera photometering function is realized with FPGA, camera exposure intensity is evaluated using image averaging gray scale, so as to obtain
The more accurate time for exposure, preferable automatic exposure effect is obtained, shooting is obtained as the high image of matter.
2nd, automatic exposure algorithm arithmetic speed is high, and processing data amount is big, real-time, realizes the fast and automatically exposure of camera
Light, it is easy to hardware to transplant.
3rd, excellent, Ke Yi great is showed in each side such as real-time, portability, versatility, integrated level, environmental suitabilities
Improve the performance indications in terms of traditional data gathering imaging system automatic exposure greatly, can be set extensively using transplanting in photoelectronic reconnaissance
It is standby central, effectively improve intellectuality, the automaticity of photoelectric platform.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a grey level histogram of embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of camera exposure time automatic adjusting method embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the piece image of the shooting of embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the shooting image after the time for exposure adjustment of embodiment.
Embodiment
Some image ferreting devices are due to large impact, the particularity of high-speed applications, it is impossible to select mechanical shutter traditionally
Camera normal exposure is adjusted with aperture.To make system adapt to extraneous certain light intensity change, imaging system is applied using solid
Iris setting realizes adpative exposure control with automatic continuously adjustabe electronic shutter.Whole control logic designs on monolithic FPGA
Realize.
The camera exposure time is first subjected to stepping, the time for exposure corresponds to different gears from length is short to；Initialized to camera
One fixed time for exposure Tms, a time for exposure corresponding gear, gear and the corresponding relation of time for exposure are to set in advance
It has been put that, and carry out first time shooting, the average gray of statistical picture.
Such as Fig. 1, the abscissa of image grey level histogram represents tonal range corresponding with optimum exposure scope, ordinate
Represent the pixel number with the gray scale.
According to a large amount of experiments of taking pictures, following camera exposure criterion is drawn：
1）Expose normal criterion：
A.70% the pixel intensity profile more than is in Dmin~DmaxTonal range.
Therefore, when image averaging gray scale is between 96~112, process decision chart is as normal exposure.
2）Over-exposed criterion：
A. in Dmin~DmaxPixel number in tonal range is less than the 70% of total pixel number.
B. close to DminRegion without or there is seldom pixel to be distributed.
Therefore, when statistical picture average gray is higher than 112, process decision chart is as overexposure；
3）Under-exposed criterion：
A. in Dmin~DmaxPixel number in tonal range is less than the 70% of total pixel number.
B. close to DmaxRegion without or there is seldom pixel to be distributed.
Therefore, when statistical picture average gray is less than 96, process decision chart is as under-exposure.
In accordance with international practices, the control to camera exposure amount typically uses multiple-rank control.In order to simply, fast and accurately
Reflect the real-time exposure status of image, the control accuracy of camera exposure is improved, by the average ash of FPGA real-time statistics present images
Degree, the exposure intensity of present image is evaluated with image averaging gray scale.Such as the exposure intensity of table 1 and exposure adjusting step corresponding table.
The exposure intensity of table 1 and adjusting step corresponding table
| Exposure intensity | 0x01 | 0x02 | 0x03 | 0x04 | 0x05 | 0x06 | 0x07 | 0x08 | 0x09 | 0x0A | 0x0B | 0x0C |
| Adjusting step | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Exposure intensity | 0x0D | 0x0E | 0x0F | 0x10 | 0x11 | 0x12 | 0x13 | 0x14 | 0x16 | 0x18 | 0x1B | 0x1E |
| Adjusting step | 0 | -1 | -2 | -3 | -4 | -5 | -6 | -7 | -8 | -9 | -10 | -11 |
According to camera exposure criterion, adjusting step foundation determined by the single exposure time is often adjusted：Make being averaged for image
Gray scale is criterion between being in 96~112, reaches the purpose quick and precisely adjusted.Adjusting step from 11 be decremented to successively -11 institute it is right
The exposure intensity answered be in hexadecimal 01 to 14,16,18,1B, 1E, certainly between this exposure intensity and adjusting step
Corresponding relation can be extended or adjust according to being actually needed.Average gray value need to be represented with eight-digit binary number when tabling look-up, and
The high five digit number of the eight-digit binary number value is taken, by exposure intensity value in the digital and default exposure intensity-adjusting step table
It is compared, finds corresponding exposure intensity, and obtains adjusting step numerical value corresponding to the exposure intensity, exposure intensity in table 1
With hexadecimal representation, then the high five digit number of the average gray value of binary representation need to first be converted to hexadecimal, then with exposure
Exposure intensity value in luminous intensity-stepping adjusting step table is compared, if after high five obtained are converted to hexadecimal
Numerical value identical can not be found in table 1, then using nearby principle, for example be 17, it is identical with 18 distance to 16, then use
With regard to low principle.Exposure intensity can at most be divided into 32, in the table 1 exposure intensity be divided into 24 kinds be in order to the shelves provided in table 2
Position sets corresponding.
The camera exposure time is divided into 24 gears, and as shown in table 2, gear and time for exposure are one-to-one relations, are exposed
From being short to long respective notch value from small to large between light time.Each gear makes the light flux variations about 1/4~1/2 that CCD is received.Work as light
When learning camera lens and selected sensor index of correlation, time for exposure adjusting range is defined by system normal use adjusting range.It is each
The time for exposure of gear, it is to test gained by substantial amounts of prophase shoot.
Current gear is adjusted according to the adjusting step numerical value that table 1 is found, obtains new gear, then the new gear
The corresponding time for exposure is shooting camera exposure time next time；As current gear be 5, adjusting step value be -2, then obtain new
Gear is 3, table look-up 2 the time for exposure corresponding to gear 3 be 0.20, then next time shooting camera time for exposure be 0.20, repeat
Shooting image average gray value calculate, table look-up 1 be adjusted step-length, table look-up 2 obtain time for exposure step i.e. can be achieved expose when
Between adjust automatically.
The stepping list of 2 time for exposure of table
| Stepping | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Time for exposure/mS | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.50 | 0.57 | 0.66 | 0.76 | 0.87 | 1.00 |
| Stepping | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| Time for exposure/mS | 1.14 | 1.31 | 1.49 | 1.72 | 1.97 | 2.26 | 2.59 | 2.97 | 3.40 | 3.89 | 4.46 | 5.1 |
If obtaining new gear exceeds default gear bands, with the exposure corresponding to the gear of closest new gear
It is shooting camera exposure time next time between light time.If i.e. adjusting step exceeds time for exposure stepping scope upwards, shelves are exposed
Position is using highest gear as current exposure gear.If adjusting step exceed time for exposure stepping scope downwards, expose gear with
Lowest gear is current exposure gear.
To certain camera system, initialize time for exposure 1ms, shoot piece image as shown in figure 3, obtained average ash
Angle value 180, it is 16H to take its binary high 5, and 1 adjusting step needed of tabling look-up is -8, initial exposure gear（12）+
Adjusting step（-8）Exposure=next time gear（4）, tabling look-up 2, to obtain the time for exposure be 0.29ms, and camera is exposed to obtain image
As shown in figure 4, it is 98 to count its average gray, meet normal exposure category.This camera exposure time automatic adjusting method only according to
High-performance FPGA is held in the palm, high speed acquisition view data, camera exposure intensity is assessed using image averaging gray scale, algorithm letter
It is single, effective, it is real-time, it is easy to hardware to transplant.
It is a kind of embodiment to be given above, and for evaluating the time for exposure with average gray, employs one kind
Both easily realized, the processing mode to economize on resources again（The method of binary system or hexadecimal representation, make corresponding form）, as
Other embodiment, other evaluations and method for expressing can also be used.Various modifications on the basis of the present invention, replace also all
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of quickly camera exposure time automatic adjusting method, it is characterised in that as follows the step of this method：
(1) shoot to obtain image to set gear, and the average gray value of the image is calculated；The setting gear is by phase
The machine time for exposure carries out what stepping obtained, and the time for exposure corresponds to different gears from length is short to；
(2) exposure intensity is evaluated with average gray, if exposure is abnormal, by the exposure intensity and default exposure intensity-tune
Exposure intensity is compared in whole step length table, finds corresponding exposure intensity, obtains adjusting step corresponding with the exposure intensity
Numerical value, the adjusting step value is superimposed to current gear, obtains new gear, the time for exposure corresponding to the new gear is next time
Shoot the camera exposure time.
A kind of 2. quickly camera exposure time automatic adjusting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The exposure
From being short to long respective notch from small to large between light time；By average gray value eight-digit binary number or hexadecimal representation, and take height
Five digit number, by this it is digital be compared with exposure intensity value in default exposure intensity-adjusting step table, find corresponding exposure
Luminous intensity, and obtain adjusting step value corresponding to the exposure intensity；The adjusting step value is shooting gear next time and current gear
Difference.
A kind of 3. quickly camera exposure time automatic adjusting method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Each shelves
The light flux variations that the corresponding camera lens in position receive are 1/4~1/2.
A kind of 4. quickly camera exposure time automatic adjusting method according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that：If
The new gear being calculated by adjusting step exceeds gear bands, then shoots phase by next time of the maximum or minimum exposure time
The machine time for exposure.
5. a kind of quickly camera exposure time automatic regulating apparatus, it is characterised in that as follows including module：
(1) shoot to obtain image to set gear, and the average gray value of the image is calculated；The setting gear is by phase
The machine time for exposure carries out what stepping obtained, and the time for exposure corresponds to different gears from length is short to；
(2) exposure intensity is evaluated with average gray, if exposure is abnormal, by the exposure intensity and default exposure intensity-adjustment
Exposure intensity is compared in step length table, finds corresponding exposure intensity, obtains adjusting step number corresponding with the exposure intensity
Value, is adjusted step value, is superimposed the adjusting step value to current gear, new gear is obtained, corresponding to the new gear
Time for exposure is shooting camera exposure time next time.
A kind of 6. quickly camera exposure time automatic regulating apparatus according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The exposure
From being short to long respective notch from small to large between light time；By average gray value eight-digit binary number or hexadecimal representation, and take height
Five digit number, by this it is digital be compared with exposure intensity value in default exposure intensity-adjusting step table, find corresponding exposure
Luminous intensity, and obtain adjusting step value corresponding to the exposure intensity；The adjusting step value is shooting gear next time and current gear
Difference.
A kind of 7. quickly camera exposure time automatic regulating apparatus according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Each shelves
The light flux variations that the corresponding camera lens in position receive are 1/4~1/2.
A kind of 8. quickly camera exposure time automatic regulating apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterised in that：If
The new gear being calculated by adjusting step exceeds gear bands, then shoots phase by next time of the maximum or minimum exposure time
The machine time for exposure.
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| CN108111770A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2018-06-01 | 努比亚技术有限公司 | A kind of method and terminal for realizing image taking |
| CN108933901B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-11-20 | 陕西土豆数据科技有限公司 | Exposure algorithm based on oblique photography camera |
| CN114697529B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2024-05-28 | 富联裕展科技(深圳)有限公司 | Visual information self-adaptive adjustment method and device, welding equipment and storage medium |
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| CN115426459B (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2024-05-21 | 广州星博科仪有限公司 | Multispectral camera and pre-exposure optimization method thereof |
| CN116389901B (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-11-21 | 中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心 | On-orbit intelligent exposure and focusing method and system for space camera and electronic equipment |
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