CN104275219A - Corn pre-processing method and method for preparing feed through corns - Google Patents
Corn pre-processing method and method for preparing feed through corns Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a corn pre-processing method. The method comprises the steps that corns to be processed are subjected to impurity removal in a rotary screening device; with the material volume per cubic meter of the rotary screening device as reference, the corn feeding quantity in the rotary screening device is 80-120 tons per hour, and the rotation speed of the rotary screening device is 12-20 turns per minute. The invention further provides a method for preparing feed through corns, and the method comprises the steps that corns are subjected to pre-processing and degerming to obtain germs and corn flour, the germs are used for making oil to obtain germ dregs, the corn flour is fermented to make alcohol, after alcohol is distilled out, waste mash is obtained, and then the germ dregs and the waste mash are subjected to solid-liquid separation to obtain clear liquid and residues to prepare feed. By means of the technical scheme, toxin contained in the finally obtained feed is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pretreated method of corn and adopt corn to prepare the method for feed, particularly, relate to a kind of pretreated method of corn, and adopt this pretreated corn to prepare the method for feed.
Background technology
The northern area of China, corn seeding area is wide, output is high, become the important raw and processed materials of cultivation, chemical industry, medicine, food etc., and corn also have the title of " king of feed ".
The byproduct that corn deep processing obtains after becoming crude oil and alcohol is the important materials preparing corn feed (DDGS).The method of traditional mode of production DDGS feed is generally: corn is through removal of impurities and de-embryo obtains plumule and corn flour, plumule obtains the byproduct plumule dregs of rice after being processed into crude oil, corn flour is through alcoholic fermentation and obtain useless mash after distilling out alcohol, and obtain clear liquid and residue after useless mash is carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid, then clear liquid is condensed into concentrate and mixes with residue and the plumule dregs of rice and carry out drying, make DDGS feed.
But the content using conventional methods the DDGS forage poisoning element of production is higher, be difficult to the quality safety ensureing feed product.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the higher defect of DDGS forage poisoning cellulose content of producing to overcome prior art, providing a kind of and can reduce the pretreated method of corn of DDGS forage poisoning cellulose content and adopt corn to prepare the method for feed.
The present inventor finds by carrying out analysis to the raw material in each stage for the production of DDGS feed, enter the impurity (comprising corncob, cornstalk, maize peel, dust, silt etc.) still containing about 1.3 % by weight in pretreated iblet in de-embryo stage, but the toxin wherein contained accounts for about 35 % by weight of total toxin, these impurity finally can carry a large amount of toxin and enter in DDGS feed.Therefore, effective removal of impurities is the key reducing DDGS forage poisoning cellulose content.
Carry out pretreated method to corn to generally include pending iblet is screened in rotary screen optional equipment, but under the process conditions of existing rotary screen optional equipment, be difficult to the impurity containing a large amount of toxin effectively to remove.The present inventor is surprised to find that, by in rotary screen optional equipment by specific inlet amount (with the material volume of rotary screen optional equipment every cubic metre described for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in rotary screen optional equipment be 80-120 ton/hour) combine with the specific rotation speeds (12-20 rev/min) of rotary screen optional equipment the impurity can effectively removed in maize raw material, adopt the byproduct after this pretreated corn deep processing to prepare DDGS feed, the content of toxins in the DDGS feed of final gained can be effectively reduced.
The present inventor also finds, because the main machine that adopts peels off iblet from corn ear at present, cause the iblet badly broken of gained, therefore, the iblet of these breakages is as easy as rolling off a log in the process such as airing, transport, storage in later stage to go mouldy, and the toxin in maize raw material is increased.Therefore, the present inventor finds, the basis adopting rotary screen optional equipment is further screened described maize raw material in conjunction with vibrating screening device, the broken kernel containing a large amount of toxin in maize raw material can be removed, thus the content of toxins in the DDGS feed of final gained is reduced further.The present inventor is surprised to find that, by in vibrating screening device by specific inlet amount (with the material volume of vibrating screening device every cubic metre described for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in vibrating screening device be 3.5-5.3 ton/hour) with the specific vibration frequency of vibrating screening device (2500-3000Hz) and amplitude (4.6-8 millimeter), and the sieve diameter of the orlop screen cloth of vibrating screening device (5-9 millimeter) combines the broken kernel can effectively removed in maize raw material.
Based on above discovery, the invention provides a kind of pretreated method of corn, wherein, the method comprises: pending iblet is carried out removal of impurities in rotary screen optional equipment; With the material volume of rotary screen optional equipment every cubic metre described for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in rotary screen optional equipment be 80-120 ton/hour, the rotating speed of described rotary screen optional equipment is 12-20 rev/min.
Preferably, with the material volume of rotary screen optional equipment every cubic metre described for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in rotary screen optional equipment be 90-110 ton/hour, the rotating speed of described rotary screen optional equipment is 15-20 rev/min.
More preferably, the method also comprises: screen the iblet through removal of impurities in vibrating screening device, with the material volume of vibrating screening device every cubic metre described for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in vibrating screening device through removal of impurities be 3.5-5.3 ton/hour, the vibration frequency of described vibrating screening device is 2500-3000Hz, and amplitude is 4.6-8 millimeter; Described vibrating screening device comprises the multilayer screen cloth vertically arranged, and the bore dia of described multilayer screen cloth is reduced to lower floor successively by upper strata, and the sieve diameter of orlop screen cloth is 5-9 millimeter.
On the other hand, present invention also offers a kind of method adopting corn to prepare feed, the method comprises: carry out pretreatment to corn and de-embryo, obtain plumule and corn flour, and adopt the plumule dregs of rice that will obtain after plumule liquefaction, and by fermentation of corn starch preparing alcohol and the clear liquid that obtains after Separation of Solid and Liquid of the useless mash obtained after distilling out alcohol and residue prepare feed; It is wherein, described that to carry out pretreated method to corn be the pretreated method of corn provided by the invention.
Preferably, the iblet the treating de-embryo screenings that also orlop screen cloth sifts out in involving vibrations screening installation.Therefore, preferably, the method also comprises: in de-proembryo, organic solvent soaks described screenings, and with screenings every gram described for benchmark, the consumption of described organic solvent is 1-4 milliliter.
More preferably, the method also comprises: before preparing feed, soak the described plumule dregs of rice with organic solvent, and with the plumule dregs of rice every gram described for benchmark, the consumption of described organic solvent is 3-10 milliliter.
Pass through technique scheme, method provided by the invention is adopted to carry out pretreatment to corn, effectively can remove the impurity containing a large amount of toxin, and preferably in the vibrating screening device of specified conditions, the iblet through removal of impurities is screened again, effectively can remove breakage and the iblet gone mouldy, toxin in the low maize raw material of a step-down of going forward side by side, thus the content of toxins in the DDGS feed prepared by this pretreated corn can be reduced further.Corn of the present invention is adopted to prepare the technical scheme of feed; byproduct after carrying out deep processing owing to adopting the iblet obtained by the pretreated method of corn provided by the invention prepares DDGS feed; therefore; effectively can reduce the content of toxins in final gained DDGS feed; in a preferred method; the iblet the treating de-embryo screenings that also orlop screen cloth sifts out in involving vibrations screening installation, therefore, can not cause waste to maize raw material.More preferably, soak described iblet at de-proembryo organic solvent and/or soak the described plumule dregs of rice with organic solvent before preparing feed, extract toxin wherein, therefore, it is possible to reducing the content of toxins in DDGS feed to a greater extent.
Other features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in detailed description of the invention part subsequently.
Detailed description of the invention
Below the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.Should be understood that, detailed description of the invention described herein, only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
According to the present invention, provide a kind of pretreated method of rice, wherein, the method comprises: pending iblet is carried out removal of impurities in rotary screen optional equipment; With the material volume of rotary screen optional equipment every cubic metre described for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in rotary screen optional equipment be 80-120 ton/hour, the rotating speed of described rotary screen optional equipment is 12-20 rev/min.
The toxin of current harm grain trough mainly comprises: the large class of aflatoxin, vomitoxin, FT, ochratoxin, T2 toxin and zearalenone toxin six.In order to ensure quality of the fodder safety, there is clear and definite limitation requirement in country to the content of these toxin in feed.Wherein, in regulation DDGS feed, the content of aflatoxin is no more than 20 μ g/kg, the content of vomitoxin is no more than 1000 μ g/kg, the content of FT is no more than 10mg/kg(national standard to the not requirement of the content of this toxin in feed, and in actual production, general control is below this concentration), the content of the ochratoxin content that is no more than 100 μ g/kg, T2 toxin is no more than 1000 μ g/kg, the content of zearalenone toxin is no more than 500 μ g/kg.Although the content of each toxin has reached the requirement of country to content of toxins each in DDGS feed in the DDGS feed adopting existing technique to prepare, wherein the content of each toxin is still higher.
The present inventor finds by carrying out analysis to the raw material in each stage for the production of DDGS feed, enter the impurity still containing about 1.3 % by weight in pretreated corn in de-embryo stage, but the toxin wherein contained accounts for about 35 % by weight of total toxin.The present inventor finds, as long as effectively can remove described impurity, namely the content of each toxin in the DDGS feed of final gained can be reduced to far below the limitation requirement of country to forage poisoning cellulose content.
Under normal circumstances, the impurity contained in pending iblet mainly comprises corncob, cornstalk, maize peel, dust, silt etc.The present inventor finds, pending iblet is screened in rotary screen optional equipment, with the material volume of rotary screen optional equipment every cubic metre described for benchmark, when the inlet amount of iblet in rotary screen optional equipment be greater than 120 tons/constantly little, the density of iblet in rotary screen optional equipment is too high, iblet does not have enough spatial movements when rotated, thus is unfavorable for the separation of impurity, in theory, the more little separation being more conducive to impurity of the inlet amount of iblet in rotary screen optional equipment, but when the inlet amount of iblet in rotary screen optional equipment be less than 80 tons/constantly little, although reduce the density of iblet, make impurity can be easier separated, but reduce the utilization rate of equipment simultaneously, add energy consumption cost, therefore, consider separative efficiency and the energy consumption cost of impurity, with the material volume of rotary screen optional equipment every cubic metre described for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in rotary screen optional equipment be 80-120 ton/hour, preferably 90-110 ton/hour.
According to rotary screen optional equipment of the present invention, the present inventor finds, when the rotating speed of rotary screen optional equipment is greater than 20 revs/min, material will be close under the influence of centrifugal force on screen drum and move in a circle, thus does not reach good separating effect; When rotating speed is less than 12 revs/min, due to iblet cannot be driven effectively to move, also effectively cannot be separated impurity.Therefore, the rotating speed of described rotary screen optional equipment is 12-20 rev/min, is preferably 15-20 rev/min.
When removal of impurities being carried out to pending iblet when above-mentioned specific inlet amount and rotating speed being combined, effectively can remove the impurity in maize raw material, thus the content of toxins during the iblet entering the de-embryo stage can be reduced.The DDGS forage poisoning cellulose content finally obtained is reduced to effectively far below the limitation requirement of country to forage poisoning cellulose content.
Rotary screen optional equipment for realizing objects of the present invention is had no particular limits, as long as effectively can remove the impurity in pending iblet.Preferably, described rotary screen optional equipment is drum sieve.The structure of described drum sieve is conventionally known to one of skill in the art, such as, described drum sieve generally includes housing and is positioned at the internal layer screen drum of coaxial setting of housing and outer screen drum, and the sieve diameter of described internal layer screen drum is 16-18 millimeter, and the bore dia of described outer screen drum is 3.5-4 millimeter.Described drum sieve is used to be conventionally known to one of skill in the art to the method for corn removal of impurities, particularly, described drum sieve is horizontal positioned, screen drum in housing and horizontal line have certain angle (being generally 1-5 °), first pending iblet enters internal layer screen drum from charging aperture, along with the rotation of drum sieve, larger impurity, such as, corncob and cornstalk etc. cannot be trapped in internal layer screen drum by the sieve aperture of internal layer screen drum, iblet and less impurity, such as, maize peel, dust and silt etc. can enter in the silo of internal layer screen drum and the formation of outer screen drum by internal layer screen drum, along with the continuation of drum sieve rotates, iblet cannot be detained in the silo by the sieve aperture of outer screen drum, finally got rid of by discharging opening, less impurity is then finally got rid of by impurities outlet by the sieve aperture of outer screen drum.Be set to conventionally known to one of skill in the art to other running parameter of described drum sieve, do not repeat them here.
Preferably, described drum sieve is be the double-layer cylinder screen of TCQY125/320 purchased from Yan, a state in the Zhou Dynasty, Henan Luo grain machinery Co., Ltd (Yan, a state in the Zhou Dynasty, former Henan Province Luo grain machinery factory) model.
The present inventor also finds, because the main machine that adopts peels off iblet from corn ear at present, cause the iblet badly broken of gained, and the iblet of breakage easily goes mouldy in the process such as airing, transport, storage in later stage, and the toxin in maize raw material is increased.And enter broken kernel in the iblet in de-embryo stage after existing method pretreatment and occupy about 6.8 % by weight, the toxin contained accounts for about 22 % by weight of total toxin.
Although the present invention carries out screening and removing impurities by specific inlet amount being combined with specific rotating speed in rotary screen optional equipment to maize raw material can realize object of the present invention.But in order to the DDGS quality of the fodder improving final preparation is further to increase its commercial value, in preferred situation, method of the present invention be also included in maize raw material enter the de-embryo stage before removal broken kernel wherein.
Therefore, method of the present invention is also included in vibrating screening device and screens the iblet through removal of impurities.Based on the reason identical with the selection of above-mentioned inlet amount in rotary screen optional equipment, with the material volume of vibrating screening device every cubic metre described for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet after removal of impurities in vibrating screening device be preferably 3.5-5.3 ton/hour, be more preferably 4-5 ton/hour.When the vibration frequency of vibrating screening device and amplitude too large time, iblet is beated too violent, collide with each other, screening effeciency declines, when the vibration frequency of vibrating screening device and amplitude too little time, effectively cannot screen it again, therefore, the vibration frequency of vibrating screening device is preferably 2500-3000Hz, is more preferably 2700-2900Hz; Amplitude is preferably 4.6-8 millimeter, is more preferably 5.5-8 millimeter.
In the present invention, term " amplitude " is a scalar, refers to that vibratory sieve leaves the ultimate range of equilbrium position, and represent the size of shaker vibration amplitude and the power of vibration, amplitude is numerically equal to the size of maximum displacement.Also, namely, when vibratory sieve vibrates along different directions, the displacement only being left the direction of equilbrium position ultimate range is defined as the amplitude of vibratory sieve.
According to the present invention, described vibrating screening device comprises the multilayer screen cloth arranged along short transverse, and the bore dia of described multilayer screen cloth is reduced to lower floor successively by upper strata.In order to more effectively sift out the broken kernel in iblet, can retain again the better and complete iblet of quality, the sieve diameter of the orlop screen cloth of preferred described multilayer screen cloth is 5-9 millimeter, is more preferably 6-8 millimeter simultaneously.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, by the iblet through removal of impurities is screened in vibrating screening device again, and by the particular combination of the sieve diameter by above-mentioned specific inlet amount, specific vibration frequency, amplitude and vibratory sieve orlop screen cloth in vibrating screening device, effectively can remove the broken kernel in the iblet entering the de-embryo stage, thus reduce further the content of toxin in the iblet entering the de-embryo stage, make the DDGS quality of the fodder finally obtained obtain further raising.
According to vibrating screening device of the present invention, the bore dia of described multilayer screen cloth is reduced to lower floor successively by upper strata, as long as the sieve diameter of its orlop screen cloth is in above-mentioned scope, the sieve diameter of other layer of screen cloth can be the sieve diameter of other layer of screen cloth of conventional vibrating screening device, such as, described multilayer screen cloth is generally layer 2-3, the sieve diameter of the superiors' screen cloth can be 13-14 millimeter, the sieve diameter (as 10-12 millimeter) between the superiors and the sieve diameter of orlop screen cloth of intermediate layer screen cloth.The method using the iblet of described vibrating screening device to removal of impurities to screen is conventionally known to one of skill in the art, particularly, when the iblet after removal of impurities enters the superiors' screen cloth, along with the vibration of vibrating screening device, larger impurity is not trapped on screen cloth (if enter the impurity not having other larger in the iblet of vibrating screening device by the superiors' screen cloth, then can select two-layer screen cloth, the iblet making particle larger cannot be trapped on screen cloth by ground floor screen cloth, less iblet and broken kernel enter second layer screen cloth and again screen), and got rid of by the discharging opening of the superiors' screen cloth, iblet and broken kernel enter second layer screen cloth by the superiors' screen cloth, and successively until orlop screen cloth, intact iblet due to its particle diameter larger, not by orlop screen cloth, but be trapped on the different screen clothes in intermediate layer according to different grades, finally discharged by corresponding discharging opening, and the iblet of breakage due to particle diameter less, then finally can be got rid of by the discharging opening of orlop screen cloth by orlop screen cloth along with the vibration of vibrating screening device.Being set to of other running parameter of described vibrating screening device is conventionally known to one of skill in the art, does not repeat them here.
Preferably, described vibrating screening device is vibratory sieve, more preferably, described vibratory sieve is linear vibrating screen, described linear vibrating screen, such as, can be purchased from Zhengzhou Xin Yuanliang machine Co., Ltd, model is the vibratory sieve of TQLZ180/200, and this vibratory sieve comprises two-layer screen cloth.
In addition, the time of being carried out by iblet screening in rotary screen optional equipment and vibrating screening device has no particular limits, those skilled in the art can adjust according to actual conditions, to ensure effectively to remove impurity in rotary screen optional equipment, in vibrating screening device, effectively remove broken kernel.Under preferable case, the time of screening in rotary screen optional equipment is 0.2-0.3 hour, and the time of screening in vibrating screening device is 0.3-0.5 hour.
On the other hand, present invention also offers a kind of method adopting corn to prepare feed, the method comprises: carry out pretreatment to corn and de-embryo, obtain plumule and corn flour, and adopt the plumule dregs of rice that will obtain after plumule liquefaction, and by fermentation of corn starch preparing alcohol and the clear liquid that obtains after Separation of Solid and Liquid of the useless mash obtained after distilling out alcohol and residue prepare feed; It is wherein, described that to carry out pretreated method to corn be the pretreated method of corn provided by the invention.
Because inventive point of the present invention is improvement iblet being carried out to pretreated method, therefore, iblet is carried out to the method for de-embryo, and distill out the method for alcohol, the method for the useless mash of fermentation being carried out to Separation of Solid and Liquid and the method for preparing DDGS feed is conventionally known to one of skill in the art by the method for plumule liquefaction, by fermentation of corn starch preparing alcohol, do not repeat them here.
According to the present invention, as long as the byproduct adopting the pretreated method of corn provided by the invention to obtain obtaining after iblet carries out deep processing is prepared DDGS feed, just can realize object of the present invention, also, reduce the content of toxins in DDGS feed.
According to the present invention; due in the pretreated process of corn; the broken kernel in maize raw material is mainly comprised at its screenings sifted out by vibrating screening device orlop screen cloth preferred embodiment; wherein also some hypogenetic shrivelled iblet can be contained; in order to not cause the waste of raw material; therefore, in preferred situation, the iblet treating de-embryo in system of the present invention is the screenings that sifts out of involving vibrations screening installation orlop screen cloth also.
By known to the analysis of content of toxins in broken kernel, the toxin contained in broken kernel accounts for about 22 % by weight of total toxin, therefore, above-mentioned preferred embodiment in, preferably also be included in de-proembryo further to extract the toxin in described screenings, and then it is mixed with pretreated iblet.Wherein, the method that contratoxin carries out extracting can be the method for the extraction toxin of this area routine.The present inventor is learnt by the analysis of the character to the toxin in corn, and the toxin major part be present in corn can be dissolved in organic solvent.Therefore, preferably, in order to the step that simplifies the operation, the method that the present invention extracts the toxin in screenings is for soak described screenings with organic solvent.Wherein, have no particular limits the consumption of organic solvent, as long as effectively toxin wherein can be soaked out the waste not causing organic solvent, preferably, with screenings every gram described for benchmark, the consumption of described organic solvent is 1-4 milliliter.
The analysis of the present inventor to the raw material entered in preparation DDGS feed finds, wherein the plumule dregs of rice are relative to the weight of iblet entering the de-embryo stage, its content is about 8.3 % by weight, the toxin contained accounts for about 30 % by weight of total toxin, therefore, in the embodiment of a kind of preferred preparation DDGS feed of the present invention, based on reason identical above, the described plumule dregs of rice are soaked with organic solvent before preparing feed, with the plumule dregs of rice every gram described for benchmark, the consumption of described organic solvent is 3-10 milliliter.
According to the present invention, the kind of described organic solvent and the condition of immersion are had no particular limits, as long as the toxin in described screenings and the plumule dregs of rice fully can be soaked out.In preferred situation, described organic solvent is selected from that carbon number is 1-6, hydroxyl value is one or more in the alcohol of 1-3, is more preferably ethanol.The condition of described immersion is preferably: the time of immersion is 10-60 minute, and the temperature of immersion is 15-50 DEG C.
According to the present invention, the range of choices of the concentration of ethanol is wider, such as, can be 50-95 % by weight.When being more preferably ethanol, can the toxin in screenings and the plumule dregs of rice effectively be extracted on the one hand; On the other hand, ethanol is the product that fermentation of corn starch prepares alcohol, can gather materials on the spot, cost-saving; Again on the one hand, ethanol can also play the effect of sterilization to screenings and the plumule dregs of rice, thus can avoid the generation again of the toxin produced by microorganism.
After the iblet obtained after pretreatment due to the present invention takes off embryo gained corn flour in the toxin that contains lower, substantially can not the DDGS quality of the fodder finally obtained be impacted safely, simultaneously, again because the extraction comparison of the toxin contained it takes time and effort, lose more than gain, therefore, preferably, the toxin in corn flour is not extracted.
According to the present invention, described corn can be various raw material, such as, can collect such as, from each corn place of production, northeast, Henan, Hebei, Anhui, Shanxi etc.
According to the present invention, carry out method for measuring to the 6 large toxin contained in the DDGS feed of iblet and final gained to be known to the skilled person, such as, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used to be detected by the content of particular combination to described toxin of antigen-antibody.Particularly, the ELISA kit corresponding to various toxin can be used and measure according to the content of its description contratoxin.
Show the present inventor in following table 1 and accurate classification is carried out to the pretreated iblet of existing method and content of toxins (accounting for the content of total toxin) in the content of each material measured after process postmenstruation and each material.
Table 1
More than describe the preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail; but the present invention is not limited to the detail in above-mentioned embodiment, within the scope of technical conceive of the present invention; can carry out multiple simple variant to technical scheme of the present invention, these simple variant all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in addition, each the concrete technical characteristic described in above-mentioned detailed description of the invention, in reconcilable situation, can be combined by any suitable mode.In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention illustrates no longer separately to various possible combination.
In addition, also can be combined between various different embodiment of the present invention, as long as it is without prejudice to thought of the present invention, it should be considered as content disclosed in this invention equally.
Below will be described in detail the present invention by embodiment.
In following examples, double-layer cylinder screen purchased from the sieve diameter of Yan, a state in the Zhou Dynasty, Henan Luo grain machinery Co., Ltd (Yan, a state in the Zhou Dynasty, former Henan Province Luo grain machinery factory) model TCQY125/320(internal layer screen drum be 17 millimeters, the sieve diameter 3.5 millimeters of outer screen drum); Vibratory sieve is purchased from Zhengzhou Xin Yuanliang machine Co., Ltd, and model is TQLZ180/200, and this vibratory sieve comprises two-layer screen cloth, i.e. upper strata screen cloth and lower screen (the sieve aperture bore dia of upper strata screen cloth 13 millimeters); Aflatoxin kit is purchased from Beijing Huaan Magnech Bio-Tech Co., Ltd.; Vomitoxin kit is purchased from Ji Bang bio tech ltd, Shanghai; FT kit is purchased from Beijing Huaan Magnech Bio-Tech Co., Ltd.; Ochratoxin kit is purchased from Beijing Huaan Magnech Bio-Tech Co., Ltd.; T2 toxin kit is purchased from Ji Bang bio tech ltd, Shanghai; Zearalenone toxin kit is purchased from Ji Bang bio tech ltd, Shanghai.
Embodiment 1-5 is for illustration of the pretreated method of corn provided by the invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) 500 tons of northeast iblets are got, be introduced in double-layer cylinder screen and carry out screening and removing impurities, wherein, with the material volume of every cubic metre of double-layer cylinder screen for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in double-layer cylinder screen is 100 tons/hour, the rotating speed of double-layer cylinder screen is 18 revs/min, and the time of screening is 0.2 hour.Obtain the iblet of removal of impurities.
(2) broken kernel is removed by carrying out screening in the iblet of the removal of impurities obtained in step (1) introducing vibratory sieve, wherein, with the material volume of every cubic metre of vibratory sieve for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in vibratory sieve is 4.5 tons/hour, the vibration frequency of vibratory sieve is 2800Hz, amplitude is 7 millimeters, and the sieve diameter of lower screen is 7 millimeters.The time of screening is 0.3 hour.Obtain iblet and the screenings of removing broken kernel.The content of the constituent in the iblet of this removal broken kernel and each composition is in table 2.
(3) screenings obtained in step (2) is carried out immersion 30 minutes in the ethanolic solution of 75 % by weight, with screenings every gram described for benchmark, the consumption of described organic solvent is 3 milliliters, to extract the toxin in broken kernel, mix after ethanol residual for the broken kernel washing removing after soaking with the iblet except broken kernel obtained in step (2), obtain mixing iblet 1.
Embodiment 2
(1) 500 tons of northeast iblets are got, be introduced in double-layer cylinder screen and carry out screening and removing impurities, wherein, with the material volume of every cubic metre of double-layer cylinder screen for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in double-layer cylinder screen is 90 tons/hour, and the rotating speed of double-layer cylinder screen is 15 revs/min.The time of screening is 0.3 hour.Obtain the iblet of removal of impurities.
(2) broken kernel is removed by carrying out screening in the iblet through removal of impurities obtained in step (1) introducing vibratory sieve, wherein, with the material volume of every cubic metre of vibratory sieve for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in vibratory sieve is 4 tons/hour, the vibration frequency of vibratory sieve is 2700Hz, amplitude is 5.5 millimeters, and the sieve diameter of lower screen is 6 millimeters.The time of screening is 0.5 hour.Obtain iblet and the screenings of removing broken kernel.The content of the constituent in the iblet of this removal broken kernel and each composition is in table 2.
(3) screenings obtained in step (2) is carried out immersion 10 minutes in the ethanolic solution of 95 % by weight, with screenings every gram described for benchmark, the consumption of described organic solvent is 2 milliliters, to extract the toxin in broken kernel, mix after ethanol residual for the broken kernel washing removing after soaking with the iblet except broken kernel obtained in step (3), obtain mixing iblet 2.
Embodiment 3
(1) 500 tons of northeast iblets are got, be introduced in double-layer cylinder screen and carry out screening and removing impurities, wherein, with the material volume of every cubic metre of double-layer cylinder screen for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in double-layer cylinder screen is 110 tons/hour, and the rotating speed of double-layer cylinder screen is 20 revs/min.The time of screening is 0.25 hour.Obtain the iblet of removal of impurities.
(2) broken kernel is removed by carrying out screening in the iblet through removal of impurities obtained in step (1) introducing vibratory sieve, wherein, with the material volume of every cubic metre of vibratory sieve for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in vibratory sieve is 5 tons/hour, the vibration frequency of vibratory sieve is 2900Hz, amplitude is 8 millimeters, and the sieve diameter of lower screen is 8 millimeters.The time of screening is 0.4 hour.Obtain iblet and the screenings of removing broken kernel.The content of the constituent in the iblet of this removal broken kernel and each composition is in table 2.
(3) screenings obtained in step (2) is carried out immersion 60 minutes in the ethanolic solution of 50 % by weight, with screenings every gram described for benchmark, the consumption of described organic solvent is 4 milliliters.To extract the toxin in broken kernel, mix after ethanol residual for the broken kernel washing removing after soaking with the iblet except broken kernel obtained in step (3), obtain mixing iblet 3.
Embodiment 4
According to the method identical with embodiment 1 pretreatment carried out to corn and prepare feed.Unlike, in step (1), with the material volume of every cubic metre of double-layer cylinder screen for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in double-layer cylinder screen is 120 tons/hour, and the rotating speed of double-layer cylinder screen is 20 revs/min.In step (2), with the material volume of every cubic metre of vibratory sieve for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in vibratory sieve is 5.3 tons/hour, the vibration frequency of vibratory sieve is 3000Hz, amplitude is 8 millimeters, obtain the iblet removing broken kernel, the content of the constituent in the iblet of this removal broken kernel and each composition is in table 2.Screenings mixes iblet 4 through ethanol except being mixed to get with the iblet removing broken kernel after toxin.
Embodiment 5
According to the method identical with embodiment 1, pretreatment is carried out to iblet.Unlike, the iblet after double-layer cylinder screen screening no longer screens in vibratory sieve, carries out the removal of broken kernel.Obtain the iblet of removal of impurities, the content of the constituent in the iblet of this removal of impurities and each composition is in table 2.The iblet of this removal of impurities is mixing iblet 5.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is for illustration of the pretreated method of corn of reference method.
According to the method identical with embodiment 1 pretreatment carried out to corn and prepare feed.Unlike, in step (1), with the material volume of every cubic metre of double-layer cylinder screen for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in double-layer cylinder screen is 125 tons/hour, and the rotating speed of double-layer cylinder screen is 25 revs/min.And no longer again screen the iblet of removal of impurities in vibratory sieve, the content of the constituent in the iblet of this removal of impurities and each composition is in table 2.Screenings mixes iblet 6 through ethanol except being mixed to get with the iblet removing broken kernel after toxin.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is for illustration of the pretreated method of corn of reference method.
According to the method identical with embodiment 1 pretreatment carried out to corn and prepare feed.Unlike, in step (1), with the material volume of every cubic metre of double-layer cylinder screen for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in double-layer cylinder screen is 125 tons/hour, and the rotating speed of double-layer cylinder screen is 25 revs/min.In step (2), with the material volume of every cubic metre of vibratory sieve for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in vibratory sieve is 6 tons/hour, and the vibration frequency of vibratory sieve is 3000Hz, and amplitude is 10 millimeters.Obtain the iblet removing broken kernel, the content of the constituent in the iblet of this removal broken kernel and each composition is in table 2.Screenings mixes iblet 7 through ethanol except being mixed to get with the iblet removing broken kernel after toxin.
Table 2
| Embodiment/comparative example numbering | Pure iblet (weight portion) | Broken kernel (weight portion) | Impurity (weight portion) |
| Embodiment 1 | 100 | 0.4 | 0.15 |
| Embodiment 2 | 100 | 0.35 | 0.10 |
| Embodiment 3 | 100 | 0.3 | 0.12 |
| Embodiment 4 | 100 | 0.5 | 0.20 |
| Embodiment 5 | 100 | 6.8 | 0.4 |
| Comparative example 1 | 100 | 6.8 | 1.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 100 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
Note: the equal fingering of content of above each material enters in the iblet in de-embryo stage, and be 100 weight portions with the weight of pure iblet, other material is relative to the weight portion of pure iblet.
As can be seen from Table 2, by embodiment 1-4 compared with comparative example 2, embodiment 5 is compared with comparative example 1, adopt the pretreated method of corn provided by the invention, condition in preprocessing process is controlled within the scope of the invention, in the pretreated iblet obtained, the content of pure iblet significantly raises, and the content of broken kernel and impurity obtains obvious reduction.Embodiment 1 compared with embodiment 4, the condition in preprocessing process controlled in the preferred scope of the present invention, in the pretreated iblet obtained, the content of pure iblet is higher, and the content of broken kernel and impurity is lower.As can be seen here, adopt the pretreated method of corn provided by the invention, significantly can reduce the content of impurity in corn and broken kernel.
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1-6 prepares the method for feed for illustration of employing corn provided by the invention.
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1
(1) the mixing iblet 1 obtained in embodiment 1 step (3) is obtained plumule and corn flour after carrying out de-embryo process in rice introducing germ separator after water infiltration.The plumule dregs of rice are obtained after being extracted oil by plumule, the plumule dregs of rice are carried out immersion 30 minutes in the ethanolic solution of 75 % by weight, with the plumule dregs of rice every gram described for benchmark, the consumption of described organic solvent is 7 milliliters, to extract the toxin in the plumule dregs of rice, and the plumule dregs of rice after soaking are carried out washing to remove residual ethanol.Corn flour is pulverized again, is prepared into emulsion, enzymolysis, inoculation fermentation obtain useless mash after distilling out alcohol, and useless mash is carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid obtain clear liquid and residue.
(2) clear liquid obtained in step (1) is carried out concentrated after and carry out oven dry after mixing with the residue be separated with the plumule dregs of rice removing residual ethanol in step (1) and prepare DDGS feed.
(3) get the DDGS feed of 100g step (2) gained, and pulverize with beater disintegrating machine, the condition of pulverizing makes crushed products 60 mesh sieve percent of pass more than 95%.Use aflatoxin kit measures aflatoxin wherein to specifications; Use vomitoxin kit measures vomitoxin wherein to specifications; Use FT kit measures FT wherein to specifications; Use ochratoxin kit measures ochratoxin wherein to specifications; Use T2 toxin kit measures T2 toxin wherein to specifications; Use zearalenone toxin kit measures zearalenone toxin wherein to specifications.The content of each toxin is in table 3.
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 2
(1) the mixing iblet 2 obtained in embodiment 2 step (3) is obtained plumule and corn flour after carrying out de-embryo process in rice introducing germ separator after water infiltration.The plumule dregs of rice are obtained after being extracted oil by plumule, the plumule dregs of rice are carried out immersion 60 minutes in the ethanolic solution of 50 % by weight, with the plumule dregs of rice every gram described for benchmark, the consumption of described organic solvent is 10 milliliters, to extract the toxin in the plumule dregs of rice, and the plumule dregs of rice after soaking are carried out washing to remove residual ethanol.By corn flour through again pulverizing, being prepared into emulsion, enzymolysis, inoculation, fermentation obtain useless mash after distillation, and useless mash is carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid obtain clear liquid and residue.
(2) clear liquid obtained in step (1) is carried out concentrated after and carry out oven dry after mixing with the residue be separated with the plumule dregs of rice removing residual ethanol in step (1) and prepare DDGS feed.
(3) get the DDGS feed of 100g step (2) gained, and pulverize with beater disintegrating machine, the condition of pulverizing makes crushed products 60 mesh sieve percent of pass more than 95%.Use aflatoxin kit measures aflatoxin wherein to specifications; Use vomitoxin kit measures vomitoxin wherein to specifications; Use FT kit measures FT wherein to specifications; Use ochratoxin kit measures ochratoxin wherein to specifications; Use T2 toxin kit measures T2 toxin wherein to specifications; Use zearalenone toxin kit measures zearalenone toxin wherein to specifications.The content of each toxin is in table 3.
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 3
(1) the mixing iblet 3 obtained in embodiment 3 step (3) is obtained plumule and corn flour after carrying out de-embryo process in rice introducing germ separator after water infiltration.The plumule dregs of rice are obtained after being extracted oil by plumule, the plumule dregs of rice are carried out immersion 10 minutes in the ethanolic solution of 95 % by weight, with the plumule dregs of rice every gram described for benchmark, the consumption of described organic solvent is 3 milliliters, to extract the toxin in the plumule dregs of rice, and the plumule dregs of rice after soaking are carried out washing to remove residual ethanol.By corn flour through again pulverizing, being prepared into emulsion, enzymolysis, inoculation, fermentation obtain useless mash after distillation, and useless mash is carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid obtain clear liquid and residue.
(2) clear liquid obtained in step (1) is carried out concentrated after and carry out oven dry after mixing with the residue be separated with the plumule dregs of rice removing residual ethanol in step (1) and prepare DDGS feed.
(3) get the DDGS feed of 100g step (2) gained, and pulverize with beater disintegrating machine, the condition of pulverizing makes crushed products 60 mesh sieve percent of pass more than 95%.Use aflatoxin kit measures aflatoxin wherein to specifications; Use vomitoxin kit measures vomitoxin wherein to specifications; Use FT kit measures FT wherein to specifications; Use ochratoxin kit measures ochratoxin wherein to specifications; Use T2 toxin kit measures T2 toxin wherein to specifications; Use zearalenone toxin kit measures zearalenone toxin wherein to specifications.The content of each toxin is in table 3.
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 4
DDGS feed is prepared according to the method identical with EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1.Unlike, the iblet used in step (1) is mixing iblet 4 after pretreatment in embodiment 4.In final gained DDGS feed, the content of each toxin is in table 3.
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 5
DDGS feed is prepared according to the method identical with EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1.Unlike, the iblet used in step (1) is mixing iblet 5 after pretreatment in embodiment 5.In final gained DDGS feed, the content of each toxin is in table 3.
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 6
According to the method identical with EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1 pretreatment carried out to corn and prepare feed.Extract toxin unlike the plumule dregs of rice of gained in, step (4) without alcohol immersion, but directly and concentrate and residue be mixed with DDGS feed.In the DDGS feed of final gained, the content of each toxin is in table 3.
Experimental comparison's example 1
DDGS feed is prepared according to the method identical with EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1.Unlike, the iblet used in step (1) is mixing iblet 6 after pretreatment in comparative example 1.In final gained DDGS feed, the content of each toxin is in table 3.
Experimental comparison's example 2
DDGS feed is prepared according to the method identical with EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1.Unlike, the iblet used in step (1) is mixing iblet 7 after pretreatment in comparative example 2.In final gained DDGS feed, the content of each toxin is in table 3.
Table 3
By upper table 2, embodiment 1-4 is with 6 compared with Experimental comparison's example 2 by experiment, and EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 5 is compared with Experimental comparison's example 1, can find out, adopt the pretreated iblet of method of the present invention to prepare DDGS feed, the content of in the DDGS feed of final gained 6 large toxin all has obvious reduction.Meanwhile, EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1 is compared with 6, and after the byproduct plumule dregs of rice obtained after being extracted oil by plumule carry out organic solvent immersion removal toxin, in final gained DDGS feed, the content of 6 large toxin obtains further reduction.As can be seen here, the corn adopting the pretreated method of corn of the present invention to obtain carries out the preparation of DDGS feed, significantly can reduce the content of each toxin in final gained DDGS feed.
Claims (11)
1. the pretreated method of corn, it is characterized in that, the method comprises: pending iblet is carried out removal of impurities in rotary screen optional equipment; With the material volume of rotary screen optional equipment every cubic metre described for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in rotary screen optional equipment be 80-120 ton/hour, the rotating speed of described rotary screen optional equipment is 12-20 rev/min.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, with the material volume of rotary screen optional equipment every cubic metre described for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet in rotary screen optional equipment be 90-110 ton/hour, the rotating speed of described rotary screen optional equipment is 15-20 rev/min.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described rotary screen optional equipment is drum sieve, described drum sieve comprises housing and is arranged on the internal layer screen drum of coaxial setting of enclosure interior and outer screen drum, the sieve diameter of described internal layer screen drum is 16-18 millimeter, and the sieve diameter of described outer screen drum is 3.5-4 millimeter.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the method also comprises: screen the iblet after removal of impurities in vibrating screening device, with the material volume of vibrating screening device every cubic metre described for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet after removal of impurities in vibrating screening device be 3.5-5.3 ton/hour, the vibration frequency of described vibrating screening device is 2500-3000Hz, and amplitude is 4.6-8 millimeter; Described vibrating screening device comprises the multilayer screen cloth arranged along short transverse, and the bore dia of described multilayer screen cloth is reduced to lower floor successively by upper strata, and the sieve diameter of orlop screen cloth is 5-9 millimeter.
5. method according to claim 4, wherein, with the material volume of vibrating screening device every cubic metre described for benchmark, the inlet amount of iblet after removal of impurities in vibrating screening device be 4-5 ton/hour, the vibration frequency of described vibrating screening device is 2700-2900Hz, amplitude is 5.5-8 millimeter, and the sieve diameter of described orlop screen cloth is 6-8 millimeter.
6. method according to claim 4, wherein, described vibrating screening device is vibratory sieve, and preferably, described vibratory sieve is linear vibrating screen.
7. the method adopting corn to prepare feed, the method comprises: carry out pretreatment to corn and de-embryo, obtain plumule and corn flour, and adopt the plumule dregs of rice that will obtain after plumule liquefaction, and by fermentation of corn starch preparing alcohol and the clear liquid that obtains after Separation of Solid and Liquid of the useless mash obtained after distilling out alcohol and residue prepare feed; It is characterized in that, described pretreated method is carried out for the method in claim 1-6 described in any one to corn.
8. method according to claim 7, wherein, the iblet treating de-embryo is the screenings that sifts out of involving vibrations screening installation orlop screen cloth also.
9. method according to claim 8, wherein, the method also comprises: in de-proembryo, organic solvent soaks described screenings, and with screenings every gram described for benchmark, the consumption of described organic solvent is 1-4 milliliter.
10. method according to claim 7, wherein, the method also comprises: before preparing feed, soak the described plumule dregs of rice with organic solvent, and with the plumule dregs of rice every gram described for benchmark, the consumption of described organic solvent is 3-10 milliliter.
11. methods according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, described organic solvent is selected from that carbon number is 1-6, hydroxyl value is one or more in the alcohol of 1-3, is preferably ethanol; The time of soaking is 10-60 minute, and the temperature of immersion is 15-50 DEG C.
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| CN105146153A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-12-16 | 郎溪县凌达养猪专业合作社 | Formula feed for pregnant Tibetan sows |
| CN105192281A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-12-30 | 郎溪县凌达养猪专业合作社 | Weight gaining formula feed special for ginseng pigs |
| CN105231037A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-01-13 | 郎溪县凌达养猪专业合作社 | Special disease-resistant formula feed for Tibetan fragrant pig |
| CN106472824A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-03-08 | 济南中棉生物科技有限公司 | A kind of alcohol method removes the method and apparatus of corn germ cake toxin |
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| CN105146153A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-12-16 | 郎溪县凌达养猪专业合作社 | Formula feed for pregnant Tibetan sows |
| CN105192281A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-12-30 | 郎溪县凌达养猪专业合作社 | Weight gaining formula feed special for ginseng pigs |
| CN105231037A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-01-13 | 郎溪县凌达养猪专业合作社 | Special disease-resistant formula feed for Tibetan fragrant pig |
| CN106472824A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-03-08 | 济南中棉生物科技有限公司 | A kind of alcohol method removes the method and apparatus of corn germ cake toxin |
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