CN104268145B - A kind of map fast drawing method of complexity vector data - Google Patents
A kind of map fast drawing method of complexity vector data Download PDFInfo
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- CN104268145B CN104268145B CN201410413537.0A CN201410413537A CN104268145B CN 104268145 B CN104268145 B CN 104268145B CN 201410413537 A CN201410413537 A CN 201410413537A CN 104268145 B CN104268145 B CN 104268145B
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of map fast drawing method of complicated vector data.During carrying out the mapping of complicated vector data, the experience that efficiency directly affects user is drawn.First determine whether vector data is consistent with the projection pattern of painting canvas and judges whether to need projection transform in the present invention, then carry out map Fast Drawing by the layer-by-layer method for drafting of vector of the invention, is finally labeled layer, selection layer, the drafting for inquiring layer.Great advantage of the invention is that category successively refines corresponding Plot Work, is applicable to any drawing engine, largely optimizes in the local mapping operation of complicated vector data and reduces drafting, to improve mapping efficiency；Meanwhile all operations only need to be operated in memory for valid data subset without rule.Mapping efficiency of algorithm in the present invention is high, can be widely applied to carry out in the systems such as the real-time vector data drafting for repeatedly scaling map operation and display, drawing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods of the map vector Fast Drawing in GIS-Geographic Information System field (rendering drawing), specifically
Say, be related in GIS-Geographic Information System and survey field, to multilayer vector data carry out the drafting scheme based on user preset into
The method of the quick mapping (rendering) of row, present invention can be suitably applied to for the quick of larger or more complex vector data map
Rendering is applied with drawing.
Background technique
In the Fast rendering and drawing course for carrying out map vector, especially for some especially complex vector numbers
According to, such as land cover classification data, it needs to be to carry out data processing using certain algorithm in the drafting for carry out map vector
Carry out computer drawing again afterwards, otherwise another people is difficult to endure by its speed.Wherein, it needs to consider the projection during mapping
The painting canvas drafting problem of transfer problem, which segment vector data, and policing issue is drawn accordingly.Relevant bibliography
It include: Hu Zeming, the software approach of Li Jing, Yue Chunsheng Embedded GIS raising map vector display speed realize Surveying and mapping
.2007 06:23-27；Li Qingyuan, Liu Xiaodong, Cao Daiyong .WebGIS Vector spatial data compression method inquire into China image figure
Shape journal .2001 12:1211-1215；Liqiang Zhang, Zhizhong Kang, Jonathan Li, Ling
Yang.Web-based terrain and vector maps visualization for Wenchuan
earthquake.International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and
Geoinformation, 2,010 12 (6): 439-447；Deng.
For the drafting of map vector, domestic and international relevant document is more, and each document is right from different angles respectively
The drafting of vector data, mapping process are described, and corresponding bibliography includes such as Zhang Liqiang, and Xu Xiang, Tan Jiqiang are based on
The scale vector map method for visualizing geography and Geographical Information Sciences .2013 4:8-12 of concurrent technique；Ma Yaming, Zhang Ya
Army, the quick display strategy of map vector studies Surveying and mapping Technology .2009 4:25-29 in Zhang Ruisheng Embedded GIS；
Mu-Yen Chen.Visualization and dynamic evaluation model of corporate financial
structure with self-organizing map and support vector regression.Applied Soft
Computing, 2,012 12 (8): 2274-2288 etc..Open source library GDAL and OGR provide the master data of some vector datas
The method and function of IO, projection transform, data filtering etc. may be selected to apply corresponding interface when realizing that vector data is drawn,
But it is not provided with the method or control of corresponding vector data Fast Drawing, corresponding bibliography is referring to website:
Http:// www.gdal.org, http://www.gdal.org/gdal_alg_8h.html etc..Therefore, quick for user
For the complicated vector data for realizing zoom operations, while GDAL and OGR provides master data access interface, it is also necessary to base
The Fast Drawing of vector data is realized in certain strategy, needs to be realized using certain algorithm in this regard.
In terms of vector data Fast rendering and drawing, the patent that can find at present is simultaneously few, such as: rising Rui Wanli section in Beijing
The patent " method for drafting and device of mobile terminal vector map " (publication number: CN102063832A) of skill Co., Ltd Wang Zhigang
It is specific to what mobile device was realized, the patent of China Surveying and Mapping Research Academy's Sun Li heavily fortified point etc. " a kind of vector graphics
The method for drafting of schematic symbol " (publication number: CN101887592B) is unfolded from the angle of Cartographic Symbolization.But these are specially
Benefit all without providing the detailed solution of comparison for the mapping strategy of complicated vector data, it is relevant discuss also compared with
It is few.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of map fast drawing methods of complicated vector data, especially for relatively more multiple
The efficiency of real-time local data's rendering/drawing of miscellaneous vector data, the present invention are then solved primarily directed to this problem
Certainly.
Thinking of the invention are as follows: first determine whether spatial data to be rendered is consistent with the projection pattern of painting canvas, if
It is inconsistent, it needs to be coordinately transformed/projection transform, establishes the projection of vector data with the transformational relation between painting canvas projection；
On this basis, further judge public domain of the data area with canvas area, it is therefore an objective to realize region as small as possible
Reading and writing data, conversion, render process, to improve efficiency.Further, analysis constitutes each VectorLayer of map, and analysis is each
VectorLayer then carries out layer-by-layer render process to the region of intersection with the space intersection relationship of painting canvas, wherein layer-by-layer vector number
Subsequent " specific embodiment " is detailed according to the strategy of rendering.Finally, distinguishing the mark layer of to map, selection layer, inquiry layer again
It is drawn and is added on the painting canvas of layer-by-layer vector data rendering just now respectively, complete the Fast Drawing work of map.This hair
The bright middle great advantage using the thinking successively drawn is that by the predefined map of a variety of users and carries out a point function body reality
Existing, mark is then that by the dynamic label placement of map as the effect of an individual course, is conducive to map rotation, quickly mark
Switching, screen partition domain tile are drawn and the functions such as whole mark；Meanwhile it is also sharp to select layer and inquiry layer to draw as individual course
In the efficiency of user's interaction, when repeatedly being selected, repeatedly inquired such as user, it is only necessary to repaint and update corresponding selection
Layer is not needed then to repaint, can largely be improved efficiency with inquiry layer, more complicated data Layer.Of the invention
All operations only need to carry out the part subset of data, and all operations can carry out in memory, do not need data and fall
Disk also can largely improve the efficiency of rendering.
Technical solution of the present invention provides a kind of map fast drawing method of complicated vector data, it is characterised in that packet
Include implementation steps below:
1) it, opens vector data map and successively judges whether to need to carry out projection transform, if it is desired, then establish data
To the projection transform relationship of painting canvas, and the data of effective coverage are transformed into coordinate system/projection system of painting canvas, effective district therein
The calculation method in domain is painting canvas range backwards projection to be transformed into data coordinates to fasten, then carry out space intersection operation with data and obtain
, if you do not need to then directly carrying out step 2；
2), successively judge whether the boundary rectangle of vector data intersects with the boundary rectangle of current painting canvas, if non-intersecting
It does not need then to carry out drafting work on painting canvas, the drafting operation of next VectorLayer is passed directly to, if intersection goes to step 3
Figure layer is drawn；
3) strategy, is drawn based on the vector data in the present invention and carries out the vectorMapThe drafting of figure layer, until completing institute
There is the drafting work of figure layer；
4), if it does, drawing the mark layer of entire map, and the painting canvas that the step 3 that is added to as needed is formed
On；
5), if it does, drawing the selection layer of entire map, and the painting canvas that the step 3 that is added to as needed is formed
On；
6), if it does, drawing the inquiry layer of entire map, and the painting canvas that the step 3 that is added to as needed is formed
On, complete the drafting of map vector.
Above-mentioned implementation steps are characterized in that:
Need to first determine whether each figure layer needs to be coordinately transformed/projection transform in step 1), it is first if necessary
First the projection transform of VectorLayer to painting canvas is projected, then carries out the drafting work of data.
Step 2) is then to judge whether the figure layer intersects with the spatial dimension of painting canvas figure layer, needs to find it if intersection
In specific intersecting ranges (Limit of J-validity), reapply this range and select corresponding all vector F eature in the layer, make
To need further exist for the valid data rendered.
Step 3) is to draw the drawing process that strategy realizes layer-by-layer data using the specific vector data in the present invention.Its
In, it is that unit is successively judged, converted and drawn that step 1~step 3, which is by figure layer, according to the different needs (as imitated
Rate requires extra-high or network real-time rendering), the parallel generation of tile can be carried out with subregion (256 × 256 of such as standard), then will
Corresponding tile is spliced.
Step 4) is disposably to be rendered to figure to the mark work of entire map vector.
Step 5) is disposably to be rendered to figure to the selection layer of entire map vector.
Step 6) is disposably to be rendered to figure to the inquiry layer of entire map vector.Step 4 here~step 6
It is unable to splice after subregion (tile) is drawn, because being related to the covering problem of judgement mark, and guarantees drawing area
Overall coherence.Step 4~step 6 drawing result is merged with the painting canvas of step 3 as needed finally, completes drawing for map
Process processed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following features: the present invention passes through the projection letter for successively judging each VectorLayer
Breath, space range information etc. are realized the layer-by-layer drafting of map vector further according to the drafting strategy of vector data, are finally superimposed respectively
Mark, selection layer and inquiry layer, can largely improve the rendering efficiency of map vector data, meanwhile, all operations
It only needs to carry out data subset in memory, substantially increases the efficiency of mapping.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method flow schematic diagram for realizing map vector Fast Drawing
Fig. 2 is the category classification figure for successively dividing theme to carry out vector data drafting
Fig. 3 is rendering schematic diagram when entire map is respectively positioned in painting canvas
Fig. 4 is the rendering schematic diagram when outer ring of face figure layer is located at painting canvas
Fig. 5 is the rendering schematic diagram when inner ring of face figure layer is located at painting canvas
Rendering schematic diagram when Fig. 6 is the inner and outer ring of face figure layer while being located at painting canvas
Fig. 7 is rendering schematic diagram of the actual complex map datum under the different zoom factor, in which:
(a) rendering effect (b) of entire figure layer data is illustrated as the amplified rendering effect of red area in figure (a)
It (c) is that the amplified rendering effect (d) of red area is the amplified rendering effect of red area in figure (c) in figure (b)
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates main realization approach of the invention.In Fast rendering, drafting and the drawing for carrying out map vector,
It needs to be first that basic unit is analyzed by figure layer, further the mark layer of whole figure, selection layer and inquiry layer is carried out
It is whole to draw, the Fast Drawing process of map is completed by the synthesis of painting canvas.Vector is realized by the way of layer-by-layer herein before
The drafting of data, behind again entire painting canvas range is labeled, select with inquire drafting, be primarily due to have in this way
Effect realize server side functionality and client functionality separation, be easy to implement under Network Environment " server end map is drawn
The application of system-client map tile assembling "；Meanwhile successively carry out vector data draftings also help realization data and
Row is drawn, and separated regions carries out the parallel drawing of tile data, is conducive to the whole efficiency for improving mapping.
Drafting process in the present invention for vector data is as follows: disposable first to open all layers for constituting map vector
Data simultaneously successively judge whether VectorLayer to be rendered is identical with coordinate system/projection pattern of painting canvas, need if different
/ projection transform is coordinately transformed to this layer of vector data.It here, can basis if painting canvas is there is no default projection system
The projection system of situation setting first layer or the last layer is the projection system of the painting canvas and is judged.It needs exist for determining number first
Limit of J-validity (need participate in drawn data portion) in, its implementation are as follows: judge data projection and
The transformational relation of painting canvas projection is then turned 4 angle points of painting canvas using this function if there is the transfer function of painting canvas to data
Data projection is changed to, then carries out space intersection operation with data, result is the Limit of J-validity in data；If do not deposited
In the transfer function (such as painting canvas is globular projection and data are partial projection, such as UTM) of painting canvas to data, then need to count first
According to 4 angle points project to painting canvas projection, then with painting canvas range carry out space hand over operate and determine painting canvas on valid data model
It encloses, then by this range backwards projection to data projection, and carries out space intersection operation with data area to obtain really effectively
Data area.It determines Limit of J-validity and then carries out the spatial filtering operation of the vector based on the range, so that reducing needs
The vector data drawn improves and draws efficiency.
After having carried out projection transform, further judge whether the VectorLayer intersects with canvas area, if non-intersecting
Next figure layer is then passed directly to, carries out the drafting of VectorLayer by layer-by-layer method if intersection.After completing, then one by one
It realizes mark layer, selection layer, inquire the drafting of layer, and carry out the overlapping of each figure layer drawing result as needed, complete map
Fast Drawing process.
In practical mapping, point theme is needed to carry out the drafting of map, drawing process is as shown in Figure 2.Divide by main,
The Graphics Mode of vector data can be divided into simple mode, hierarchical pattern, dimension model, category patterns and chart mode, wherein
Simple mode is most basic mode, other several modes can be made of simple mode.Hierarchical pattern refers to based on the arrow
The a certain attribute value of spirogram layer carries out the division of rank, then each rank is charted by different render modes respectively, thus
Different ranks can be very easy to distinguish from visual angle；Dimension model is mainly to need to carry out Feature to be rendered
Mark, the base that the combination of mark, certain attributes that the operation of " non-simple mark ", such as judgement based on certain attributes carry out carries out
In the mark etc. that certain determined properties are carried out using different patterns；Category patterns are primarily referred to as according to Feature's to be rendered
The difference of the value of a certain attribute and the different rendering modes carried out, as realized earth's surface class according to categorical attribute in Surface classification figure
Other different colours are drawn；Chart mode then refer to according to the value of a certain attribute of Feature to be rendered carry out to scheme or
The mode of table carries out the rendering mode that its attribute is expressed in rendering.
Wherein, simple mode be most basic mode, may further be further divided into according to the type of its rendering objects point,
The three basic forms of it such as line, face: the drawing expression way at its midpoint can be divided into simple point, character point, picture point and combined spot
Mode, allowing the point public attribute of user preset includes the size of point, rotation angle, the offset in the direction XY etc..Simply point is then
It is most conventional with shape come the point expressed, such as with the circle of certain color filling, square, equilateral triangle, star, five sides
Shape, hexagon etc., here allow user's Alternative Attribute further include filling color, transparency, boundary line width, boundary line type,
Boundary line color etc..Character point is the drafting realized by the way of character a little, allow user change attribute include font,
Character, font attribute (thick, oblique, underscore, strikethrough), font shade etc..Picture point is that the mode based on picture filling is realized
The drafting of point, the attribute for allowing user to change includes the stretching mode of picture, scaling etc..Integrated mode is then these types
The combination of mode.
The drawing expression way of line can be divided into the modes such as simple line, Hash line, glyph line, picture line and group zygonema, allow
The line public attribute of user preset includes width, line offset, line cap, turning mode of line of line etc..Wherein simple line refers to reality
Heart line allows user to set its color；Hash line includes dotted line, dotted line, pecked line, point pecked line and the customized line of user
Deng color and Hash line type of permission user's setting line etc.；Glyph line is then the line that the point filling based on user preset is constituted,
Corresponding vertex type can be set by point attribute type above, and user is allowed to set glyph type, glyph spacing etc.；Picture
Line is then the filling that line is carried out in a manner of picture, and user is allowed to set pantograph ratio, the filling model etc. of picture, and group zygonema is then
The combination of aforementioned several ray modes, as our common railway lines can be composed of simple line and Hash line.
The drawing expression way in face can be divided into simple face, transitional surface, glyph face, line charge face, figure fill the side such as face and combinatorial surface
Formula, allow user preset public attribute be mainly composition face line attribute.Wherein simple face, that is, solid color is filled and is constituted
Face, allow user set filling color；Transitional surface is the filling face that color gradient is realized along a direction, and user is allowed to set
The starting point and terminal and corresponding color of gradual change；Glyph face refers to the face that region is filled by the point that user specifies, and permits
Whether at random family setting allowable fills glyph type, packing density, filling etc.；Line charge face refers to the face filled by line, permits
Family allowable sets line type, packing density, direction etc.；Figure fills face and refers to the face filling carried out by designated pictures, and user is allowed to set
Determine picture scaling and filling model etc.；Combinatorial surface is then the combination in above-mentioned several faces.
Wherein, relatively the most complicated with the drafting of planar data, below the present invention will be representative introduction arrow using planar vector
It measures data and draws strategy.Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 respectively illustrate vector dataSame painting canvasDifferent relationships
When different draw strategy.For needing to draw for entire vector data in canvas area shown in Fig. 3, need to analyze composition
The respective point string data of vector, i.e., outer circling point A, B in figure ..., K and interior circling point L, M ... R calculates data
Coordinate is transformed into canvas coordinate according to coordinate transformation relation with the transformational relation between canvas coordinate, then by these coordinates put, from
And the drafting in picture region can be realized using different rendering functions, finished surfaceDrawing process.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 respectively illustrate painting canvas and only need to carry out the situation that zonule is drawn to the face vector,
Painting canvas only needs to draw the part outer ring of vector in middle Fig. 4, and painting canvas only needs to draw the part inner ring of vector data, Fig. 6 in Fig. 5
Middle painting canvas needs to draw each a part of outer ring and inner ring.For these types of situation, we are required to corresponding vector data
It is handled, reduces unnecessary vector drawing work, can just effectively improve efficiency.It is as shown in Figure 4 in painting canvasIn only need pairRegion draw in painting canvas, and this mode can effectively reduce in system
Drafting to canvas area non-in complex polygon, so as to greatly improve the efficiency of drafting.Equally, painting canvas is only same in Fig. 5
The inner ring of polygon has public domain, it is only necessary to the region, i.e.,It is drawn；Painting canvas is the same as more in Fig. 6
The inner ring and outer ring of side shape have public domain, need to be respectively processed, and drawing areaThe strategy
Realize that pseudocode is as follows:
Fig. 7 illustrates an example under the present invention, wherein (a) illustrates the rendering effect of entire figure layer data, the arrow
Amount data are made of a more complex vector polygon, and the vector polygon is by an outer ring and 13821 inner ring (island) structures
At, outer ring is made of 180693 points, and it is 0.746 second time-consuming on my notebook when carrying out similar Fig. 3, it is configured to Intel
(R)CoreTMI5-3320M 2.60GHz, 6GB memory, 7 operating system of Win；(b) amplified for red area in figure (a)
Rendering effect due to needing to judge the Intersection of painting canvas and data at this time, and is cut, time-consuming higher, is 2.481
Second；It (c) is the amplified rendering effect of red area in figure (b), it is 1.499 seconds time-consuming；It (d) is red area amplification in figure (c)
Rendering effect afterwards, it is 0.525 second time-consuming, the efficiency requirements of real-time rendering processing can be reached.
Example of the invention realizes on a pc platform, the experiment proved that, the vector-map painting that the present invention can be more conventional
Strategy has the improvement in terms of biggish efficiency, can satisfy the requirement of big data quantity real time data drawing.It is mentioned in the present invention
And method can be widely applied in the applications such as real-time map drafting and the rendering of vector data.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of map fast drawing method of complexity vector data, it is characterised in that including the following steps:
Step 1, it opens vector data map and successively judges whether to need to carry out projection transform, if it is desired, then establish data
To the projection transform relationship of painting canvas, and the data of effective coverage are transformed into coordinate system/projection system of painting canvas；Wherein effective coverage
Calculating be painting canvas range backwards projection is transformed into data coordinate system/projection, then with data carry out space intersection operation obtain
, if you do not need to then directly carrying out step 2；
Step 2, successively judge whether the boundary rectangle of vector data intersects with the boundary rectangle of current painting canvas, if non-intersecting
It does not need to carry out drafting work on painting canvas, the drafting operation of next VectorLayer is passed directly to, if to go to step 3 right for intersection
Figure layer is drawn；
Step 3, the drafting for carrying out the map vector figure layer, the drafting work until completing All Layers；
Step 4, if there are element marks in mapping, the mark layer of entire map is drawn, and is folded as needed
It is added on painting canvas；
Step 5, if there is mark selection element in mapping, the selection layer of entire map is drawn, and as needed will
It is added on painting canvas；
Step 6, if there are query elements in mapping, the inquiry layer of entire map is drawn, and is folded as needed
It is added on painting canvas, completes the drafting of map vector.
2. a kind of map fast drawing method of complicated vector data according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
Need to judge whether the projection system of each figure layer data is consistent with the projection system of changing coordinates, needs to swear if inconsistent in 1
The projection of amount data is gone in the projection system of painting canvas, first calculates the calculation formula that zonule projects to big region projection, further according to
This formula judges whether to need to carry out backwards projection and be realized.
3. a kind of map fast drawing method of complicated vector data according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
Needed in 3 first using painting canvas range setting vector data filtering, filter out with the completely disjoint vector of painting canvas range, then
The vector of filtered painting canvas range is rendered: judging the drafting theme of VectorLayer and respectively just simple, classification, class
Not, chart theme is drawn, wherein simple theme is basic theme, is further subdivided into point, line, surface form, point is further
It is subdivided into simple point, character point, picture point and is further subdivided into simple line, Hash line, glyph with point-rendering mode, line is combined
The drafting mode of line, picture line and group zygonema, face is further subdivided into simple face, classification face, glyph face, line charge face, figure fill face
With the drafting mode of combinatorial surface.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104897160B (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2018-04-27 | 北京京东尚科信息技术有限公司 | A kind of localization method and device based on vector quantization indoor map |
| CN107221019B (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2021-02-26 | 武汉唯理科技有限公司 | Chart conversion method and device |
| CN107609049B (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2020-12-01 | 广州市粤峰高新技术股份有限公司 | High-efficiency GIS map engine generation method |
| CN107943883A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-04-20 | 湖南上容信息技术有限公司 | The Fast rendering method of huge VectorLayer |
| CN110019612B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2022-03-25 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Map rendering method and related equipment |
| CN110634171B (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2024-02-27 | 北京完美知识科技有限公司 | Device and method for drawing map |
| CN110888954A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-03-17 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Plotting method based on electronic chart system |
| CN111354062B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2023-03-14 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队信息工程大学 | Multi-dimensional spatial data rendering method and device |
| CN111414443B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2024-04-05 | 深圳震有科技股份有限公司 | Blocked regional map plotting processing method and device, equipment and medium |
| CN112860834A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-05-28 | 深圳力维智联技术有限公司 | WeBGIS-based third-party map docking device and method |
| CN114494485A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-05-13 | 北京吉威数源信息技术有限公司 | Multi-layer data fusion display method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN114546577B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2024-04-26 | 北京超图软件股份有限公司 | Data visualization method and system |
| CN115309313A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-11-08 | 盈帜科技（常州）有限公司 | Method and device for displaying mass vector data of two-dimensional scene |
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