CN104266793B - Fully-balanced loading system of standard torquer - Google Patents
Fully-balanced loading system of standard torquer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104266793B CN104266793B CN201410580042.7A CN201410580042A CN104266793B CN 104266793 B CN104266793 B CN 104266793B CN 201410580042 A CN201410580042 A CN 201410580042A CN 104266793 B CN104266793 B CN 104266793B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fully-balanced loading system of a standard torquer. The fully-balanced loading system comprises a lever, and is characterized in that the center of the lever is connected with an output shaft of a rotating motor through a shaft coupler; a detected torque sensor is mounted on the output shaft of the rotating motor; a rotating angle encoder is mounted on the rotating motor; a laser displacement sensor is arranged below the end part of the lever; two end parts of the lever are connected with weight lifting assemblies; each weight lifting assembly comprises a weight lifting platform and a load weight group; a weight position sensor is arranged on one side of each weight lifting platform; each load weight group comprises weights which are stacked in sequence; cavities are formed in the weights; baffles with through holes are arranged above and below each cavity; the adjacent weights are connected with each other through connection rods arranged in the through holes; disks are arranged at two ends of the connection rods; the weights at the uppermost ends are connected with the lever through suspension steel bands; the connection rods can move up and down in the cavities. The fully-balanced loading system of the standard torquer guarantees a balance state of a force arm in a weight loading and unloading process, and the measurement precision of a torque value is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of standard torquer balances loading system entirely, especially one kind is protected in counterweight adds uninstall process
The loading system that the card arm of force is balanced entirely.
Background technology
Standard torquer plays a part of transmission of quantity value and magnitude tracing in the development of the national economy, is application torque metering inspection
Indispensable key equipment in fixed work.Say to a certain extent, the technical merit of torque standard device reflects a state
The height of the torque measurement level in family and area.
Major parameter of the moment of torsion as a mechanics, its importance is paid attention to by each developed country, based on Germany
Developed country (U.S., Britain, France etc.), in the nineties later stage, greatly develop advanced high accuracy application torque metering standard
Device, to meet the demand of domestic growing civilian and military industrial department.Industrial country advanced in the world at present, such as
Germany, Britain, Japan etc. establish the high accuracy standard torquer using all kinds of new techniques in succession, complete equipment more
It is new to regenerate, realize the semi-automatic or full-automatic of device testing calibration work.
Standard torquer can be roughly divided into dead weight type safe torque standard device, lever amplification formula moment of torsion mark according to its design principle
Standard apparatus, with reference to formula torque standard device and other kinds of torque standard device.The type of China's standard torquer is more single
One, with dead weight type safe standard torquer as main Types.Dead weight type safe standard torquer is, using the quality of counterweight as gauge load, to lead to
The effect for crossing arm lever produces standard torque, by appropriate mechanism in a predetermined order automatically, smoothly and precisely active force
Square and trimming moment are applied on tested moment of torsion (torsion) sensor.The meterological performance of this standard torquer depends on counterweight
Quality, lever length, the horizontal controlling extent of lever, counterweight plus the important technology index such as unloading manner.
Compare with the standard torquer of advanced country in the world, the accuracy of China's standard torquer, reliability and automatically
Change degree still has larger gap.Analyze the standard torquer of current China's existing type, due to counterweight plus unload it is unstable,
Moment of torsion overshoot is produced in loading procedure to tested sensor.The loading form of standard torquer is typically added with lever balance → counterweight
Carry (or unloading) → lever unstability → lever reequilibrate such a endless form work, whole loading and lever balance institute's used time
Between it is long, simultaneously because lever is repeatedly unbalance and imbalance angle is excessive, larger friction and destruction are produced to the levers support edge of a knife,
The sensitivity of lever balance is not only reduced, the accuracy of standard torquer is also reduced.Summarize existing standard torquer to be deposited
Subject matter can be summarized as:
1st, the horizontal control mode of lever is defective, control accuracy and poor anti jamming capability, and control ability cannot carry out it is bright
Really quantify;
2nd, counterweight adds that unloading is unstable, and counterweight alignment system reliability is poor, it is impossible to accurately determine plus unloading position;
3rd, counterweight adds completely unbalance after unloading, and arm of force equilibration time is long, inefficiency.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of standard torquer balances loading system entirely
System, it is ensured that arm of force poised state of the standard torquer in counterweight adds uninstall process, improves the certainty of measurement of torque value;Simultaneously can
To avoid torsional impact, the equilibration time of the arm of force is reduced, improve detection efficiency.
According to the technical scheme that the present invention is provided, a kind of standard torquer balances loading system, including lever, feature entirely
It is:Being connected with the output shaft of electric rotating machine centrally through shaft coupling for the lever, installs quilt on the output shaft of electric rotating machine
Inspection torque sensor, installs for measuring the anglec of rotation encoder of electric rotating machine output shaft rotation angle on electric rotating machine;
It is provided for measuring the laser displacement sensor of lever horizontality below the one or both ends of the lever;In the thick stick
The both ends of bar connect counterweight lift assemblies by hanging steel band respectively, and counterweight lift assemblies include counterweight lifting platform, in weight
Load weight group is set on code lifting platform, is provided for detecting the weight of counterweight lifting platform height in counterweight lifting platform side
Code position sensor;The load weight group includes multiple counterweights for stacking gradually from bottom to up, and the inside of counterweight arranges cavity,
Cavity is baffle plate up and down, and through hole is arranged on baffle plate;By arranging in through-holes between each counterweight and adjacent counterweight
Connecting rod connects, and the two ends of connecting rod have the disk for protruding from connecting rod outer circumference surface;The counterweight of the top is by hanging steel
Band is connected with lever;Connecting rod in each counterweight has stroke distances movable up and down in counterweight cavity.
Further, the outfan of the laser displacement sensor, counterweight position sensor and anglec of rotation encoder point
It is not connected with CPU processor, the outfan of CPU processor connects counterweight loading motor controller and rotating machine controller, weight
Code loading motor controller connection counterweight loading motor driver, counterweight loading motor driver drives counterweight loading motor are moved
Make, rotating machine controller connection electric rotating machine driver, electric rotating machine driver drives electric rotating machine action.
Further, the CPU processor connection keyboard and display and data storage.
Further, it is respectively symmetrically below the two ends of the lever and lever swing stop is set.
Further, the counterweight lifting platform is connected with the clutch end of counterweight loading motor.
The present invention provides quick, efficient, accurate solution and skill for the calibrating/calibration of moment of torsion (torsion) sensor
Art basis, be further improve sensor product quality, reduce enterprise testing cost, the synthesized competitiveness of improving product,
The level of whole sensing industry is improved, is promoted the manufacturing development of China's automation equipment and is provided into world's rank of advanced units
Advantage.Meanwhile, the manufacturing lifting of sensor is indirectly driven the development of industry-by-industry technology, the increase of security performance,
The raising of work efficiency, it will produce fabulous economic and social benefit.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of full balance loading system of the present invention.
A direction views of the Fig. 2 for Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the theory diagram of the full balance loading system.
Fig. 4 is the load weight group in loading procedure camber changes in coordinates schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart using step-by-step movement load mode.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart using continuous way load mode.
Specific embodiment
With reference to concrete accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1 to 4:The standard torquer balance full loading system include lever 1, laser displacement sensor 2,
Load weight group 3, counterweight position sensor 4, counterweight lift assemblies 5, anglec of rotation encoder 6, electric rotating machine 7, tested moment of torsion
Sensor 8, shaft coupling 9, lever swing stop 10, suspension steel band 11, counterweight 12, connecting rod 13, baffle plate 14, counterweight loading electricity
Machine 15, CPU processor 16, counterweight loading motor controller 17, rotating machine controller 18, counterweight loading motor driver 19,
Electric rotating machine driver 20, keyboard and display 21, data storage 22, counterweight lifting platform 23 etc..
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention includes lever 1, the output centrally through shaft coupling 9 and electric rotating machine 7 of lever 1
Axle connects, and tested torque sensor 8 is installed on the output shaft of electric rotating machine 7, is installed for measuring rotation on electric rotating machine 7
The anglec of rotation encoder 6 of 7 output shaft rotation angle of motor;In the lower section of the one or both ends of the lever 1, laser position is set
Displacement sensor 2, laser displacement sensor 2 are used for the horizontality for measuring lever 1;Pass through at the both ends of the lever 1 respectively
Hang the connection of steel band 11 counterweight lift assemblies 5, counterweight lift assemblies 5 include counterweight lifting platform 23, counterweight lifting platform 23 with
The clutch end connection of counterweight loading motor 15, counterweight loading motor 15 are risen or fallen for providing counterweight lifting platform 23
The power of motion, arranges load weight group 3 on counterweight lifting platform 23, arranges counterweight position in 23 side of counterweight lifting platform
Sensor 4, counterweight position sensor 4 are used for the height for detecting counterweight lifting platform 23;
As shown in figure 3, the output of the laser displacement sensor 2, counterweight position sensor 4 and anglec of rotation encoder 6
End is connected with CPU processor 16 respectively, and the outfan of CPU processor 16 connects counterweight loading motor controller 17 and electric rotating machine
Controller 18, the connection counterweight loading motor of counterweight loading motor controller 17 driver 19, counterweight loading motor driver 19 is driven
Dynamic 15 action of counterweight loading motor, the connection electric rotating machine of rotating machine controller 18 driver 20, electric rotating machine driver 20 is driven
7 action of dynamic electric rotating machine;The CPU processor 16 connects keyboard and display 21 and data storage 22;
As shown in figure 4, the load weight group 3 includes multiple counterweights 12 for stacking gradually from bottom to up, counterweight 12 it is interior
Portion arranges cavity, and cavity is baffle plate 14 up and down, arranges through hole on baffle plate 14;Between each counterweight 12 and adjacent counterweight 12
Connected by arranging connecting rod 13 in through-holes, the two ends of connecting rod 13 connect respectively and protrude from 13 outer circumference surface of connecting rod
Disk;The counterweight 12 of the top is connected with lever 1 by hanging steel band 11;Each connecting rod 13 has in 12 cavity of counterweight can
Up and down stroke distances;
As shown in Fig. 2 setting lever swing stop 10 is respectively symmetrically below the two ends of the lever 1, to limit
The amplitude of fluctuation of lever processed 1;The amplitude of fluctuation general control of the lever 1 the up and down stroke distances of connecting rod 13 with
It is interior, so as to operationally, when the counterweight lift assemblies of 1 one end of lever are used, the counterweight lift assemblies of the other end do not result in shadow
Ring, also do not work;
As shown in figure 4, x=0, x=x11, x=x12, x=x21, x=x22When being in different conditions for counterweight lift assemblies 3
Coordinate;(1) during coordinate figure x=0, lever 1 is in initial level state, and counterweight 12 is sequentially stacked on the counterweight 12 of downside,
It is suspended from 12 cavity of the top counterweight with the disk for hanging 13 lower end of connecting rod that steel band 11 is connected;When under counterweight lift assemblies 5
During drop, coordinate figure is from 0 to x11、x12、x21、x22It is incremented by;(2) as coordinate figure x=x11When, the counterweight of 3 the top of load weight group
The baffle plate 14 of 12 cavity internal upper parts with and hang the disk contact of 13 lower end of connecting rod that steel band 11 is connected, i.e. x11For the top weight
Code 12 idle stroke distance, now the counterweight 12 of the top be stacked on second counterweight 12, no displacement, idle stroke away from
From purpose be in order that lever 1 leaves space with freely swinging up and down;(3) as coordinate figure x=x12When, the counterweight of the top
12 are departed from second counterweight 12 under the traction for hanging steel band 11, and the weight of the counterweight 12 of the top is carried in lever 1 completely
On, the disk for connecting 13 lower end of connecting rod of the top counterweight 12 and second counterweight 12 is suspended from the cavity of second counterweight 12
It is interior, it is that second counterweight 12 leaves idle stroke distance;(4) when counterweight lift assemblies 5 continue to decline, by coordinate x12Reach coordinate figure
x21When, connect in the disk and second 12 cavity of counterweight of 13 lower end of connecting rod of the top counterweight 12 and second counterweight 12
The baffle plate 14 in portion is contacted, and now second counterweight 12 is still stacked on the 3rd counterweight 12, i.e. x21For second counterweight 12
Idle stroke distance;(5) as coordinate figure x=x22When, by leading for the connecting rod 13 for connecting second counterweight 12 and the top counterweight 12
Under drawing, second counterweight 12 is departed from the 3rd counterweight 12, and the reason again of the counterweight 12 and second counterweight 12 of the top adds completely
It is loaded on lever 1, the disk for connecting 13 lower end of connecting rod of second counterweight 12 and the 3rd counterweight 12 is suspended from the 3rd counterweight
In 12 cavity, it is that the 3rd counterweight 12 leaves idle stroke distance;(6), when counterweight lift assemblies 5 further decline, counterweight can be according to
It is secondary to be carried on lever 1.
The course of work of the present invention:(1) when torque load is unloaded, lever 1 is under poised state, by tested torque sensing
Device 8 is fixed on 7 output shaft of electric rotating machine, and lever is balanced;Balancing instructions, laser are input into by keyboard and display 21
Displacement transducer 2 detection lever 1 horizontality parameter+y or-y (lever 1 upwards when be+y, when lever 1 is downward be-y), and
The parameter is sent to into CPU processor 16, CPU processor 16 is according to the state modulator electric rotating machine 7 to left-handed or to dextrorotation (thick stick
When 1 horizontality parameter of bar is+y, to anticlockwise, angle is-α to electric rotating machine;When 1 horizontality parameter of lever is-y, rotation
To anticlockwise, angle is+α to motor), make lever 1 come back to equilbrium position, and by 6 zero setting of anglec of rotation encoder;
(2) needs according to detection, it is assumed that test point is respectively M1=20Nm, M2=40Nm, M3=60Nm, M4
=80Nm and M5Five torque measurement points of=100Nm, and the torque value produced after each counterweight 12 is loaded is 20Nm;
Using the counterweight lift assemblies 5 of 1 left end of lever, the counterweight lift assemblies 5 of 1 right-hand member of lever do not work.
First measurement point M1Loading procedure it is as shown in Figure 5:During original state, y=0, x=0, α=0, n=1, n is
Counterweight loads number of times;Counterweight loading motor 15 works, and counterweight lifting platform 23 is smoothly declined and realizes that step-by-step movement is loaded three times,
The coordinate figure x=x of counterweight lifting platform 23 after loading every time11+ na (a is counterweight loading displacement once), as n=3, x
=x12;When counterweight lift assemblies position is by x11To x12During decline, 1 horizontality parameter y of lever changes trend-y, at CPU
Reason device 16 constantly gathers the horizontality parameter of lever 1 by laser displacement sensor 2, Jing after 16 computing of CPU processor, occurs
Instruction makes electric rotating machine 7 rotate to+α directions, makes horizontality parameter y to 0 change;When the reading value of counterweight position sensor 4
For x12When, i.e., the counterweight 12 of the top is in complete loading position, and counterweight lifting platform 23 stops declining;Meanwhile, laser displacement
When the 1 horizontality parameter of lever of the collection of sensor 2 meets the equilibrium condition of lever 1, electric rotating machine 7 stops the rotation;Now,
One measurement point M1Loading is completed, by the collection of 6 data of loading and anglec of rotation encoder of the top counterweight 12, at CPU
Reason device 16 has obtained the windup-degree α related to the tested torque sensor 81。
Second measurement point M2, the 3rd measurement point M3, the 4th measurement point M4With the 5th measurement point M5Measurement, adopt
With with first measurement point identical method, load counterweight 12 successively, and the flat of lever 1 kept by the rotation of electric rotating machine 7
Weighing apparatus state.
In view of torque sensor is manufactured and designed using the elastic deformation characteristic of metal material, therefore have linear special well
Levy, therefore in order to reach the purpose for making lever Fast-Balance, in the loading procedure of second test point to the 5th test point,
The loading control method of again compensation adjustment is rotated using electric rotating machine continuously.Be divided in continuous rotation again at a slow speed, quickly (with it is slow
Speed is more relatively rapid) the step of rotate at a slow speed again, the primary general control of the anglec of rotation at a slow speed is predetermined windup-degree α's
15~20%, quick anglec of rotation general control in predetermined windup-degree α 80~90%, then anglec of rotation general control at a slow speed
The 90~98% or so of predetermined windup-degree α.Jing after continuous rotation, compensation adjustment meets equilibrium condition up to lever again.Specifically
As shown in fig. 6, during original state, y=0, x=x(j-1)2, α=αj-1, wherein, sequence numbers of the j for measurement point, j ≠ 1;Counterweight is loaded
Motor 15 works, and is continuously rotated, and after loading, the coordinate of counterweight lifting platform 23 is x=xj2The anglec of rotation is at a slow speed for the first time
α11=(0.15~0.20) × Mj×αj-1/Mj-1, second quick anglec of rotation is α12=(0.80~0.90) × Mj×αj-1/
Mj-1, the anglec of rotation is α to third time at a slow speed13=(0.95~0.98) × Mj×αj-1/Mj-1, wherein, MjFor jth time measurement point
Torque value;After counterweight lifting platform 23 stops declining, electric rotating machine 7 compensates adjustment again, as-y >+y, electric rotating machine
7 to+α directions rotate;When-y <+y, electric rotating machine 7 are rotated to-α directions, so that y is intended to 0, electric rotating machine stops the rotation;This
When measurement point MjLoading is completed, by the loading and the collection of anglec of rotation encoder of counterweight, CPU processor obtained it is new with
The windup-degree α of the correlation of the tested torque sensorj。
One of the principal element of uncertainty for affecting standard torquer be lever (arm of force) levelness cause it is uncertain
Degree.For high-precision standard torquer, it is the sensitivity for improving lever balance, lever supporting bearing friction torque is very
It is little so that the equilibrium process of lever is slow.Do not possess the standard torquer of full balance loading system, as lever swings up and down instead
It is multiple unbalance and imbalance angle is excessive, electric rotating machine ceaselessly left rotation and right rotation is also easily caused, equilibration time is longer.Therefore, this
The bright loading system adopts two kinds of control modes:One is that, in the loading of first measurement point, counterweight lift assemblies are from coordinate
x11To coordinate x12Load for stepping, the purpose of stepping is both to avoid counterweight loading from causing lever imbalance angle excessive, to being detected
The torsional impact of torque sensor, is also easy for the reading of lever horizontality parameter and the multilevel iudge with front parameter, control
Electric rotating machine rotates progression at an angle, until horizontal parameters y tends to 0 (now state is the horizontal pre-adjustment of lever), when
After the loading of stepping several times, then counterweight is continuously loaded into coordinate x12, now electric rotating machine carry out final adjustment until lever meet
Equilibrium condition;Two is that, in follow-up loading, counterweight lift assemblies are in the loading of continuous and stable (such as from x12~x22, x22~
x32...), electric rotating machine employ at a slow speed, quickly, at a slow speed compound mode rotate it is left to (95~98) % of predetermined torsion angle values
The right side, then compensation adjustment is until lever meets equilibrium condition.Using the purpose for rotating at a slow speed at a slow speed, quickly, again, it is to consider load weight
Code has just been in loading state, and the reading value of counterweight position sensor is in x21Or it is slightly larger than x21When, electric rotating machine quickly revolves suddenly
Turn, torsional impact can be produced, therefore using the rotation at a slow speed with counterweight lift assemblies coordinate synchronization;It is secondary at a slow speed rotation be for
Reduce swinging up and down for lever, provide condition to poised state for follow-up compensation adjustment as early as possible.
The invention has the characteristics that:(1) counterweight loading motor and detected sensor rotation motor are configured, using coding
Device and control system, by the arm of force for the purpose of the horizontality, during loading counterweight, control counterweight lift height and
The anglec of rotation of detected sensor, realizes the full servo loading of counterweight;(2) using laser displacement sensor and servomotor shape
Into closed loop control, the poised state of the arm of force is constantly detected, and by the SERVO CONTROL to torque motor, makes the positioning precision of the arm of force
In control micro-scaled range, the full servo balance of lever is realized, the certainty of measurement of torque value is improve;(3) add unloading same with balance
Shi Jinhang, makes the arm of force be in horizontality all the time, it is to avoid torsional impact, reduces the equilibration time of the arm of force, improve detection efficiency.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of standard torquer balances loading system, including lever entirely(1), in the lever(1)Both ends pass through respectively
Hang steel band(11)Connection counterweight lift assemblies(5), counterweight lift assemblies(5)Including counterweight lifting platform(23), lift in counterweight
Rise platform(23)Upper setting load weight group(3), it is characterized in that:The lever(1)Centrally through shaft coupling(9)With electric rotating
Machine(7)Output shaft connection, in electric rotating machine(7)Output shaft on tested torque sensor is installed(8), in electric rotating machine(7)
On install for measuring electric rotating machine(7)The anglec of rotation encoder of output shaft rotation angle(6);In the lever(1)One
It is provided for measuring lever below end or two ends(1)The laser displacement sensor of horizontality(2);
In counterweight lifting platform(23)Side is provided for detecting counterweight lifting platform(23)The counterweight position sensor of height
(4);The load weight group(3)Including multiple counterweights for stacking gradually from bottom to up(12), counterweight(12)Inside arrange empty
Chamber, cavity is baffle plate up and down(14), baffle plate(14)Upper setting through hole;Each counterweight(12)With adjacent counterweight(12)Between
By arranging connecting rod in through-holes(13)Connection, connecting rod(13)Two ends have protrude from connecting rod(13)Outer circumference surface
Disk;The counterweight of the top(12)By hanging steel band(11)With lever(1)Connection;Each counterweight(12)Interior connecting rod
(13)In counterweight(12)There are in cavity stroke distances movable up and down;
In the lever(1)Two ends below be respectively symmetrically setting lever swing stop(10), to limit lever(1)'s
Amplitude of fluctuation, the lever(1)Amplitude of fluctuation control in connecting rod(13)Within up and down stroke distances;The counterweight
Lifting platform(23)With counterweight loading motor(15)Clutch end connection;
The laser displacement sensor(2), counterweight position sensor(4)With anglec of rotation encoder(6)Outfan respectively with
CPU processor(16)Connection, CPU processor(16)Outfan connection counterweight loading motor controller(17)With electric rotating machine control
Device processed(18), counterweight loading motor controller(17)Connection counterweight loading motor driver(19), counterweight loading motor driver
(19)Drive counterweight loading motor(15)Action, rotating machine controller(18)Connection electric rotating machine driver(20), electric rotating
Machine driver(20)Drive electric rotating machine(7)Action;The CPU processor(16)Connection keyboard and display(21)And data
Memorizer(22);
During detection, when torque load zero load, lever(1)Under poised state, by keyboard and display(21)Input balance
Instruction, laser displacement sensor(2)Detection lever(1)Horizontality parameter, and the parameter is sent to into CPU processor
(16), CPU processor(16)According to the state modulator electric rotating machine(7)To left-handed or to dextrorotation, lever is made(1)Come back to flat
Weighing apparatus position, and by anglec of rotation encoder(6)Zero setting;According to the needs of detection, test point is respectively first measurement point M1、The
Two measurement points M2, the 3rd measurement point M3, the 4th measurement point M4With the 5th measurement point M5;Five torque measurement points adopt thick stick
Bar(1)The counterweight lift assemblies of left end(5), lever(1)The counterweight lift assemblies 5 of right-hand member do not work;
First measurement point M1Loading procedure:Counterweight loading motor(15)Work, by counterweight lifting platform(23)Smoothly decline
Realize that step-by-step movement is loaded three times, CPU processor(16)By laser displacement sensor(2)Lever is gathered constantly(1)It is horizontal
State parameter, Jing CPU processors(16)After computing, instruction occurs makes electric rotating machine(7)Rotation, the counterweight of upper end(12)In complete
Loading position, counterweight lifting platform(23)Stop declining;Meanwhile, laser displacement sensor(2)The lever of collection(1)Horizontality
Parameter meets lever(1)Equilibrium condition when, electric rotating machine(7)Stop the rotation;Now, first measurement point M1Loading is completed,
By upper end counterweight(12)Loading and anglec of rotation encoder(6)The collection of data, CPU processor(16)Obtain and the quilt
Inspection torque sensor(8)Related windup-degree;
Second measurement point M2, the 3rd measurement point M3, the 4th measurement point M4With the 5th measurement point M5Detection measurement, with the
One measurement point M1It is identical, counterweight is loaded successively(12), and pass through electric rotating machine(7)Rotation keep lever(1)Equilibrium-like
State.
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CN2924505Y (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-07-18 | 陕西省计量科学研究院 | Vertical shaft micro torque calibrating device |
CN203837728U (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2014-09-17 | 宜兴市三维电气制造有限公司 | Discrete central suspension dead weight loading device |
CN204228327U (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-03-25 | 无锡市计量检定测试中心 | Standard torquer balances loading system entirely |
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2014
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