CN104263934B - A kind of wind coal blown converter and Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process - Google Patents
A kind of wind coal blown converter and Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN104263934B CN104263934B CN201410450991.3A CN201410450991A CN104263934B CN 104263934 B CN104263934 B CN 104263934B CN 201410450991 A CN201410450991 A CN 201410450991A CN 104263934 B CN104263934 B CN 104263934B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of wind coal blown converter and Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process, belong to non-ferrous metal pyrometallurgical smelting technical field.This wind coal blown converter, including shaft, flue, slag notch, stannum export and feed(raw material)inlet, also include wind coal blowpipe and pyrite entrance, described shaft is cylinder, bottom shaft tapered, shaft is divided into concentrate smelting zone and slag fuming district, and shaft top is provided with feed(raw material)inlet and pyrite entrance corresponding concentrate smelting zone and slag fuming district respectively；The method is to be firstly added Tin concentrate, reducing agent and selectively add flux and carry out melting in reaction zone, concentrate smelting zone and obtain thick stannum and stanniferous slag, thick stannum puts into pyrite in slag fuming district after discharging and carries out fuming operation, comprising the volatilization of SnS flue dust to collect, low stannum slag is discharged.The method technique is simple, and flow process is short, and process safety is controlled, easy to operate, and environmental benefit is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wind coal blown converter and Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process, belong to non-ferrous metal pyrometallurgical smelting technical field.
Background technology
Traditional tin metallurgy technology has blast furnace tin metallurgy, electric furnace tin-smelting and reverberatory furnace tin metallurgy, and they are all from original shaft furnace tin metallurgy development.Blast furnace tin metallurgy is one tin metallurgy method earlier, but gets the raw materials ready and do not properly settle, and the most only producer of only a few uses.Electric furnace tin-smelting starts from 1934, and electric furnace tin-smelting yield accounts for the 10% of Gross World Product the most in the world, and tin metallurgy electric furnace substantially seals, and in stove, carbonomonoxide concentration is higher, and reducing atmosphere is strong, is therefore suitable only for the low ferrum Tin concentrate of process.Reverberatory furnace tin metallurgy started from for 18 beginnings of the century, was the major processes of tin metallurgy, and it produces stannum amount and once accounted for the 85% of Gross World Product, has also made many improvement on smelting technique.Owing to reverberatory smelting is to raw material, the strong adaptability of fuel, operating technology condition is easily controllable, easy and simple to handle, adds the production requirement being relatively suitable for stannum smeltery on a small scale, though its thermal efficiency is low, the most many tin-smelting plants still continue to use reverberatory furnace and produce.Although reverberatory furnace technology is through improvement for many years, can accomplish to work continuously, also all types of reduction melting reverberatory furnace is designed, such as patent hardhead reduction melting leypewter technique and the reduction melting reverberatory furnace of application number 200910227066.3, but its production efficiency is low, the thermal efficiency is low, fuel consumption is big, labor intensity is big.Therefore the reduction melting of stannum is just occurring by reverberatory smelting to be main progressively to intensified smelting technology Ausmelt furnace melting conversion.Ausmelt furnace technology reduction melting Period Process is carried out, and is generally divided into melting, weak reduction and 3 stages of strong reduction.Smelt stage, needs 6 ~ 7h, and melting terminates rear slag containing about Sn15%；Weak reduction phase, needs 20min, and slag is down to 5% containing Sn by 15%；Strong reduction phase, needs 90min, and slag is down to less than 1% containing Sn by 5%.Strong reduction operation can not be carried out in Ausmelt furnace stove, and directly send fuming furnace to process the lean slag containing about Sn5% that two processes of smelting and weak reduction obtain.Ausmelt tin metallurgy belongs to top blast intensified smelting process, can be greatly improved the efficiency of tin metallurgy, but its operability to smelting requires height, and the life-span of top-blown spray gun is short, need to often change, automaticity require high, equipment investment is big.Electric furnace is also a kind of conventional thick stannum smelting equipment, and it utilizes the graphite electrode heated material inserting material to carry out the reduction melting of metal, output crude tin alloy, but electric furnace energy consumption is high, being also consumed by a large amount of graphite electrode, disposal ability is low simultaneously, and siege ability is only 2.5 ~ 4T/m2·d.Yunnan Tin Industry Group Co. Ltd has applied for DC electric furnace-fuming furnace combined tin-smelting method (application number: 201010039159.6), it is characterized in that: be dispensed into reducing agent according to the one-tenth of Tin concentrate, enter direct current furnace reduction melting and produce metallic tin, and liquid slag is proportionately dispensed into vulcanizing agent, sludging flux, enter fuming furnace sulfiding volatilization stannum therein, reclaim with stannum oxide flue dust form, fuming slag is in a liquid state entrance direct current furnace, allocate reducing agent into and flux carries out melting and produces the pig iron, utilize the residual sulfur contained in slag to continue the residual stannum that volatilizees simultaneously, building materials raw material can be made after its furnace slag granulating.Meanwhile, also someone has applied for smelting furnace with oxygen-enriched side-blown reducing molten bath and rich tin complex material tin metallurgy method (application number 201110445977.0) thereof, disclose a kind of smelting furnace with oxygen-enriched side-blown reducing molten bath and rich tin complex material tin metallurgy method thereof, described smelting furnace includes shaft, cupola well, molten bath, furnace lining, water jacket, arranging domatic furnace bottom in described cupola well, in the middle part of shaft, molten bath part arranges chromium and magnesium brick furnace lining.Described method includes mixing and granulation, oxygen-enriched reduction melting, slag fuming process, stanniferous flue dust reuse operation.This invention oxygen-enriched side-blowing stannum reduction bath smelting furnace uses oxygen-enriched side-blowing technique, in making stove, melt keeps high temperature fused state strong bubbling stirring, make liquid, solid, gas phase fast reaction, tin metal cohesion is grown up to 0.5 ~ 5mm drop, sink rapidly and slag is layered, raising stove bed ability to 100T/m2·d.Produce 10000 tons of thick stannum, it is only necessary to an installation 800kVA 2m2This invention side blowing smelting furnace, and with brown coal at a low price as fuel, energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Above various methodologies is all to carry out the improvement of local on different meltings, reduction, fuming metallurgical equipment, designed thick stannum smelting process is also the combination between distinct device, between each operation, material needs to enter corresponding metallurgical furnace and processes, and thus necessarily increases the cost of the aspects such as the energy, environment, place.For this shortcoming, the present invention propose employing wind coal blown converter technology three smelting processes are unified in a metallurgical furnace in work continuously, thus bigger reduction energy consumption, alleviate environmental pollution, reduce cost.
Summary of the invention
The problem existed for above-mentioned prior art and deficiency, the present invention provides a kind of wind coal blown converter and Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process.Having worked continuously in being unified in wind coal blown converter during slightly being refined by whole stannum, controlled furnace atmosphere by regulation coal-air ratio, meet the different demands of concentrate melting, slag fuming operation, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of wind coal blown converter, including shaft, flue 1, slag notch 2, stannum export 5 and feed(raw material)inlet 7, also include wind coal blowpipe 6 and pyrite entrance 8, described shaft is cylinder, bottom shaft tapered, shaft is divided into concentrate smelting zone and slag fuming district, shaft top is provided with feed(raw material)inlet 7 and pyrite entrance 8 corresponding concentrate smelting zone and slag fuming district respectively, taper side is provided with stannum export 5, wind coal blowpipe 6 is symmetrically positioned in the bottom of both sides before and after shaft, and shaft side side surface upper part is provided with flue 1, the ipsilateral of flue 1 lower end is provided with slag notch 2.
Described wind coal blowpipe 6, between slag notch 2 and stannum export 5, single in level is distributed in body of heater side.
The concentrate smelting zone of described shaft is divided into again reduction melting district and drastic reduction district, reduction melting district, drastic reduction district, slag fuming district successively in body of heater in horizontal distribution.
A kind of Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process, it specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1: first by Tin concentrate, reducing agent and selectively add flux and put into wind coal blown converter from feed(raw material)inlet 7, and in shaft, form 1100 ~ 1300 DEG C of concentrate smelting zones by the coal-air ratio controlling to be blown in wind coal blowpipe 6 and carry out melting 0.5 ~ 8h and obtain thick stannum and the slag of stanniferous 1.5 ~ 15wt.%, thick stannum is released from stannum export 5；
Step 2: the slag of stanniferous 1.5 ~ 15wt.% that step 1 obtains flows through slag fuming district, the coal-air ratio controlling to be blown in wind coal blowpipe 6 makes slag fuming district temperature be 1100 ~ 1300 DEG C, then add pyrite from pyrite entrance 8 and carry out fuming operation, in slag, stannum will cure, comprising SnS flue dust to collect out from flue 1 volatilization, the Theil indices in slag is down to < discharge from slag notch 2 after 0.1wt.%.
In described step 1, the stanniferous amount of Tin concentrate is 10 ~ 78wt.%.
In described step 1, reducing agent is anthracite, coke powder or Linesless charcoal, and the addition of reducing agent is the 110 ~ 130% of theoretical amount stannum in Tin concentrate and various metal-oxide amount restored completely.
In described step 1, flux is quartz or limestone.Calculate flux addition and should first determine the kind of melting product, quantity and composition, then in the self-fluxing nature of technology slag, be i.e. not added with slag composition during flux, calculate required quantity of solvent accordingly.If be consistent with factory slag composition from slag composition, it is possible to be not added with flux.
In described step 2, pyritous addition is equal to the percentage composition of sulfur in K × (0.269 × stannum slag amount × stanniferous percentage composition of slag)/pyrite, and K is excess coefficient, takes 1.613.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: worked continuously in being unified in wind coal blown converter during slightly being refined by whole stannum, furnace atmosphere is controlled by regulation coal-air ratio, meet the different demands of concentrate melting, slag fuming operation,, material strong adaptability low to material requirement, technique is simple, and flow process is short, and process safety is controlled, easy to operate, environmental benefit is good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is wind coal blown converter three dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is wind coal blown converter floor map of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is wind coal blown converter wind coal blowpipe detailed schematic of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process flow chart of the present invention.
In figure: 1-flue, 2-slag notch, 3-wind coal blowpipe, 4-stannum export, 5-tin metal layer, 6-slag blanket, 7-feed(raw material)inlet, 8-pyrite entrance, 9-wind coal, 10-wind.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description of the invention, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figures 1 to 3, this wind coal blown converter, including shaft, flue 1, slag notch 2, stannum export 5 and feed(raw material)inlet 7, also include wind coal blowpipe 6 and pyrite entrance 8, described shaft is cylinder, bottom shaft tapered, shaft is divided into concentrate smelting zone and slag fuming district, shaft top is provided with feed(raw material)inlet 7 and pyrite entrance 8 corresponding concentrate smelting zone and slag fuming district respectively, taper side is provided with stannum export 5, wind coal blowpipe 6 is symmetrically positioned in the bottom of both sides before and after shaft, shaft side side surface upper part is provided with flue 1, the ipsilateral of flue 1 lower end is provided with slag notch 2.
Its apoplexy coal blowpipe 6, between slag notch 2 and stannum export 5, single in level is distributed in body of heater side；The concentrate smelting zone of shaft is divided into again reduction melting district and drastic reduction district, reduction melting district, drastic reduction district, slag fuming district successively in body of heater in horizontal distribution.
As shown in Figure 4, this Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process, it specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1: first 10t Tin concentrate, 0.6t reducing agent and 0.2t flux are put into wind coal blown converter from feed(raw material)inlet 7, and in shaft, form 1100 DEG C of concentrate smelting zones by the coal-air ratio controlling to be blown in wind coal blowpipe 6 and carry out melting 8h and obtain the thick stannum of 0.8t and the slag of stanniferous 1.5wt.%, thick stannum is released from stannum export 5, wherein the stanniferous amount of Tin concentrate is 10wt.%, reducing agent is anthracite, and flux is quartz；
Step 2: the slag of the stanniferous 1.5wt.% that step 1 obtains flows through slag fuming district, the coal-air ratio controlling to be blown in wind coal blowpipe 6 makes slag fuming district temperature be 1300 DEG C, then add 0.5t pyrite from pyrite entrance 8 and carry out fuming operation, in slag, stannum will cure, comprising SnS flue dust to collect out from flue 1 volatilization, the Theil indices in slag is down to < discharge from slag notch 2 after 0.1wt.%.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figures 1 to 3, this wind coal blown converter, including shaft, flue 1, slag notch 2, stannum export 5 and feed(raw material)inlet 7, also include wind coal blowpipe 6 and pyrite entrance 8, described shaft is cylinder, bottom shaft tapered, shaft is divided into concentrate smelting zone and slag fuming district, shaft top is provided with feed(raw material)inlet 7 and pyrite entrance 8 corresponding concentrate smelting zone and slag fuming district respectively, taper side is provided with stannum export 5, wind coal blowpipe 6 is symmetrically positioned in the bottom of both sides before and after shaft, shaft side side surface upper part is provided with flue 1, the ipsilateral of flue 1 lower end is provided with slag notch 2.
Its apoplexy coal blowpipe 6, between slag notch 2 and stannum export 5, single in level is distributed in body of heater side；The concentrate smelting zone of shaft is divided into again reduction melting district and drastic reduction district, reduction melting district, drastic reduction district, slag fuming district successively in body of heater in horizontal distribution.
As shown in Figure 4, this Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process, it specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1: first 10t Tin concentrate, 1.8t reducing agent and 0.8t flux are put into wind coal blown converter from feed(raw material)inlet 7, and in shaft, form 1200 DEG C of concentrate smelting zones by the coal-air ratio controlling to be blown in wind coal blowpipe 6 and carry out melting 2h and obtain the thick stannum of 4t and the slag of stanniferous 7wt.%, thick stannum is released from stannum export 5, wherein the stanniferous amount of Tin concentrate is 49wt.%, reducing agent is coke powder, and flux is quartz and the limestone mix of mass ratio 1:1；
Step 2: the slag of the stanniferous 7wt.% that step 1 obtains flows through slag fuming district, the coal-air ratio controlling to be blown in wind coal blowpipe 6 makes slag fuming district temperature be 1200 DEG C, then add 1.6t pyrite from pyrite entrance 8 and carry out fuming operation, in slag, stannum will cure, comprising SnS flue dust to collect out from flue 1 volatilization, the Theil indices in slag is down to < discharge from slag notch 2 after 0.1wt.%.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figures 1 to 3, this wind coal blown converter, including shaft, flue 1, slag notch 2, stannum export 5 and feed(raw material)inlet 7, also include wind coal blowpipe 6 and pyrite entrance 8, described shaft is cylinder, bottom shaft tapered, shaft is divided into concentrate smelting zone and slag fuming district, shaft top is provided with feed(raw material)inlet 7 and pyrite entrance 8 corresponding concentrate smelting zone and slag fuming district respectively, taper side is provided with stannum export 5, wind coal blowpipe 6 is symmetrically positioned in the bottom of both sides before and after shaft, shaft side side surface upper part is provided with flue 1, the ipsilateral of flue 1 lower end is provided with slag notch 2.
Its apoplexy coal blowpipe 6, between slag notch 2 and stannum export 5, single in level is distributed in body of heater side；The concentrate smelting zone of shaft is divided into again reduction melting district and drastic reduction district, reduction melting district, drastic reduction district, slag fuming district successively in body of heater in horizontal distribution.
As shown in Figure 4, this Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process, it specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1: first 10t Tin concentrate, 4t reducing agent and 2t flux are put into wind coal blown converter from feed(raw material)inlet 7, and in shaft, form 1300 DEG C of concentrate smelting zones by the coal-air ratio controlling to be blown in wind coal blowpipe 6 and carry out melting 0.5h and obtain the thick stannum of 6t and the slag of stanniferous 15wt.%, thick stannum is released from stannum export 5, wherein the stanniferous amount of Tin concentrate is 78wt.%, reducing agent is Linesless charcoal, and flux is quartz and the limestone mix of mass ratio 1:1；
Step 2: the slag of the stanniferous 15wt.% that step 1 obtains flows through slag fuming district, the coal-air ratio controlling to be blown in wind coal blowpipe 6 makes slag fuming district temperature be 1100 DEG C, then add 3t pyrite from pyrite entrance 8 and carry out fuming operation, in slag, stannum will cure, comprising SnS flue dust to collect out from flue 1 volatilization, the Theil indices in slag is down to < discharge from slag notch 2 after 0.1wt.%.
Embodiment 4
As shown in Figures 1 to 3, this wind coal blown converter, including shaft, flue 1, slag notch 2, stannum export 5 and feed(raw material)inlet 7, also include wind coal blowpipe 6 and pyrite entrance 8, described shaft is cylinder, bottom shaft tapered, shaft is divided into concentrate smelting zone and slag fuming district, shaft top is provided with feed(raw material)inlet 7 and pyrite entrance 8 corresponding concentrate smelting zone and slag fuming district respectively, taper side is provided with stannum export 5, wind coal blowpipe 6 is symmetrically positioned in the bottom of both sides before and after shaft, shaft side side surface upper part is provided with flue 1, the ipsilateral of flue 1 lower end is provided with slag notch 2.
Its apoplexy coal blowpipe 6, between slag notch 2 and stannum export 5, single in level is distributed in body of heater side；The concentrate smelting zone of shaft is divided into again reduction melting district and drastic reduction district, reduction melting district, drastic reduction district, slag fuming district successively in body of heater in horizontal distribution.
As shown in Figure 4, this Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process, it specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1: first 10t Tin concentrate, 3.4t reducing agent are put into wind coal blown converter from feed(raw material)inlet 7, and in shaft, form 1280 DEG C of concentrate smelting zones by the coal-air ratio controlling to be blown in wind coal blowpipe 6 and carry out melting 4h and obtain the thick stannum of 5t and the slag of stanniferous 12wt.%, thick stannum is released from stannum export 5, wherein the stanniferous amount of Tin concentrate is 63wt.%, and reducing agent is coke powder；
Step 2: the slag of the stanniferous 12wt.% that step 1 obtains flows through slag fuming district, the coal-air ratio controlling to be blown in wind coal blowpipe 6 makes slag fuming district temperature be 1200 DEG C, then add 2t pyrite from pyrite entrance 8 and carry out fuming operation, in slag, stannum will cure, comprising SnS flue dust to collect out from flue 1 volatilization, the Theil indices in slag is down to < discharge from slag notch 2 after 0.1wt.%.
Above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is explained in detail, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art are possessed, it is also possible on the premise of without departing from present inventive concept, various changes can be made.
Claims (5)
1. a Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process, including shaft, flue (1), slag notch (2), stannum export (5) and feed(raw material)inlet (7), it is characterized in that: also include wind coal blowpipe (6) and pyrite entrance (8), described shaft is cylinder, bottom shaft tapered, shaft is divided into concentrate smelting zone and slag fuming district, shaft top is provided with feed(raw material)inlet (7) and pyrite entrance (8) corresponding concentrate smelting zone and slag fuming district respectively, taper side is provided with stannum export (5), wind coal blowpipe (6) is symmetrically positioned in the bottom of both sides before and after shaft, shaft side side surface upper part is provided with flue (1), the ipsilateral of flue (1) lower end is provided with slag notch (2), it is characterized in that specifically comprising the following steps that
Step 1: first by Tin concentrate, reducing agent and selectively add flux and put into wind coal blown converter from feed(raw material)inlet (7), and in shaft, form 1100 ~ 1300 DEG C of concentrate smelting zones by the coal-air ratio controlling to be blown in wind coal blowpipe (6) and carry out melting 0.5 ~ 8h and obtain thick stannum and the slag of stanniferous 1.5 ~ 15wt.%, thick stannum is released from stannum export (5)；
Step 2: the slag of stanniferous 1.5 ~ 15wt.% that step (1) obtains flows through slag fuming district, the coal-air ratio controlling to be blown in wind coal blowpipe (6) makes slag fuming district temperature be 1100 ~ 1300 DEG C, then add pyrite from pyrite entrance (8) and carry out fuming operation, in slag, stannum will cure, comprising SnS flue dust to collect out from flue (1) volatilization, the Theil indices in slag is down to < discharge from from slag notch (2) after 0.1wt.%.
Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step 1, the stanniferous amount of Tin concentrate is 10 ~ 78wt.%.
Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 1, reducing agent is anthracite, coke powder or Linesless charcoal, the addition of reducing agent is the 110 ~ 130% of theoretical amount stannum in Tin concentrate and various metal-oxide amount restored completely.
Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step 1, flux is quartz or limestone.
Tin concentrate wind coal blown converter smelting process the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, pyritous addition is equal to the percentage composition of sulfur in K × (0.269 × stannum slag amount × stanniferous percentage composition of slag)/pyrite, K is excess coefficient, takes 1.613.
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| CN101906540B (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2012-04-11 | 杨龙安 | Solder splash side blowing molten pool smelting furnace cold metal direct making fuming volatilization method |
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