CN104260827B - The remodeling method of the downrating marine propuision system of Low Cost and High Energy-saving - Google Patents
The remodeling method of the downrating marine propuision system of Low Cost and High Energy-saving Download PDFInfo
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- CN104260827B CN104260827B CN201410500434.8A CN201410500434A CN104260827B CN 104260827 B CN104260827 B CN 104260827B CN 201410500434 A CN201410500434 A CN 201410500434A CN 104260827 B CN104260827 B CN 104260827B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of remodeling method of the downrating marine propuision system of Low Cost and High Energy-saving, conventional operating point is selected under the original declared working condition point of ship, new propeller is set according to conventional operating point and its nargin according to a conventional method, select the normal power scope of diesel main engine according to a conventional method according to new propeller, new booster is matched according to normal power scope according to a conventional method, the compression ratio of the original diesel main engine of ship is adjusted according to new booster.Redesign of the present invention to this two big part of the diesel main engine and propeller of propulsion system, the deadweight of propeller is allowed to be declined, it is operated in efficient region again simultaneously, same diesel main engine adjusts the rated power of the main frame, marine main engine is operated in efficient region also because changing high efficiency supercharger, simultaneously as the replacing of booster greatly improves scavenging pressure and ventilation quality, improve the combustion conditions of diesel oil, the unit oil consumption of diesel engine is reduced, so as to reach the purpose of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of remodeling method of marine propuision system, more particularly to a kind of diesel main engine of propulsion system
And the matching remodeling method of propeller.
Background technology
Existing marine propuision system mainly includes diesel main engine, shafting and propeller.Current transport by sea container
In order to improve the turnover rate of ship, its declared working condition point substantially selects more than nautical mile/hour of the speed of a ship or plane 16 ship.But this
The speed of a ship or plane of sample is not necessarily to for Container Transportation for Domestic Trade, and now whole propulsion system is only operated in declared working condition
Less than 50%.Learnt according to the operation principle of diesel engine, the working region is the of a relatively high region of diesel main engine oil consumption rate, separately
Also much the operating point of off-design, its operating efficiency are also relatively relatively low for external spiral oar.
Because existing most of shipbuilding is in the nineties in last century and the beginning of this century, world shipping industry pursuit ship at that time
It is fast fast, consider for the propulsion system efficiency of economical speed and ship less, that is to say, that these ships are mainly considered to improve
Ship week switchs to starting point, and it is not or not in the case of very high (be less than 40%) to account for ship totle drilling cost ratio for fuel cost at that time
Feasible.But in the case of accounting for shipping transport cost more than 50% even more high for current marine fuel oil cost, with ship
The continuous improvement of designing technique, large quantities of green ships enter market, and this batch of ship has lost the market competitiveness, very
To the burden for having become shipping enterprise.
Transformation for such large quantities of ships in operation is imperative, and modification scheme can be from propulsion system, Feng Zeng, envelope cylinder
Start with.The fine consideration for having two boosters seals off a booster, and only cannot using for booster seals increasing.Diesel oil
Main frame has 7 with casing top half, and fine consideration seals off a cylinder, but seals cylinder for less than 7 should not also using for cylinder, and
And it can also produce the bad phenomenons such as vibrations.
The transformation of domestic marine propuision system reduces propeller primarily directed to the transformation of propeller by changing propeller
Promotion rate, reduce the speed of a ship or plane and reach reduction fuel consumption.But this transformation is not related to diesel main engine, does not have yet
Propulsion system is optimized, oil-saving effect and unobvious.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of downrating marine propuision system of Low Cost and High Energy-saving
Remodeling method, in the case where being changed without diesel main engine, conventional work of the ship in downrating can be improved at lower cost
The efficiency of condition point, and oil consumption can be greatly reduced.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, solution of the invention is：
The remodeling method of the downrating marine propuision system of a kind of Low Cost and High Energy-saving, in the original declared working condition of ship
Conventional operating point is selected under point, new propeller is set according to conventional operating point and its nargin according to a conventional method, according to new spiral
Oar selectes the normal power scope of diesel main engine according to a conventional method, and new supercharging is matched according to a conventional method according to normal power scope
Device, the compression ratio of the original diesel main engine of ship is adjusted according to new booster.
A kind of remodeling method of the downrating marine propuision system of Low Cost and High Energy-saving, pass sequentially through following steps reality
It is existing：
1) conventional operating mode is selected under the original declared working condition point of ship according to Ship Resistance of the ship under a variety of speed of a ship or plane
Point, new propeller is set according to conventional operating point and its nargin；
2) Continuous Serving Rating of diesel main engine is selected according to the characteristic curve of new propeller, is selected according to Continuous Serving Rating
Select the rated power of diesel main engine；
3) according to the rated power of diesel main engine, the structure and operational factor of diesel main engine are analyzed, it is ensured that diesel main engine and
The work in combination of exhaust boiler is under preferred operating mode；
4) according to the diesel main engine rotating speed under the rated power of diesel main engine, rated power, the heating surface area of exhaust boiler
New booster is matched according to a conventional method with the consumption of efficiency, the accounting daily steam of cabin；
5) compression ratio of Marine Diesel Engine is improved according to new booster.
The speed of a ship or plane of ship is 14.5-15.5 nautical miles/hours under the conventional operating point.
The thickness of the adjust pad of the diesel main engine is 37mm。
New compression ratio is set according to the original compression ratio of the diesel main engine, according to compression ratio ε=(vPunching+vIt is remaining)/vIt is remainingMore than acquisition
Gap volume vIt is remainingVariable quantity vRemaining change, according to the thickness difference δ of adjust padDifference=vRemaining change/(3.14×r2), and δNewly=δIt is old+δDifferenceSetting
The thickness δ of new adjust padNewly；
vPunchingThe stroke cylinder volume contained by one stroke of piston movement of diesel main engine,
vIt is remainingThe cylinder volume that upper dead center position piston, cylinder and cylinder head contain is in by piston；R is the radius of cylinder；
δIt is oldFor the thickness of original adjust pad；
δNewlyTo change the thickness of the new adjust pad after compression ratio.
The new compression ratio is according to oil consumption rate Y=0.201 ε2- 8.339 ε+259.3 compression ratio --- oil consumption rate figure is selected.
After adopting the above technical scheme, the transformation of the downrating marine propuision system of the Low Cost and High Energy-saving of the present invention
Method has the advantages that：
First, redesign of the present invention to this two big part of the diesel main engine and propeller of propulsion system, is replaced with efficiency
The propeller of higher form, while it is operated in efficient region again, same diesel main engine also because changing high efficiency supercharger, is adjusted
The rated power of the whole main frame, make marine main engine declared working condition point in efficient operation region, simultaneously as the more change poles of booster
Scavenging pressure and ventilation quality are improved greatly, improves the combustion conditions of diesel oil, reduces the unit oil consumption of diesel engine, so as to reach section
The purpose of energy emission reduction.Present invention is generally directed to being actually needed for the ship's navigation that put into effect, using replacing efficient diesel main frame
The compression ratio of booster and adjustment diesel main engine improves the operating efficiency of diesel main engine, and the main promotion diesel engine of ship dropped
Power operation, operating efficiency of the diesel oil under new operating mode is improved, in the case where keeping ship's speed to be basically unchanged, be greatly reduced
Fuel consumption.One aspect of the present invention can reduce the sea-freight cost of transportation of ship, be so as to successfully improve ship and entirely promote
The operating efficiency of system；On the other hand can be energy-saving, the marine pollution and atmosphere pollution of ship are reduced, with country-driven pass
Matched in the policy of energy-saving and emission-reduction.The present invention carries out Continuous Serving Rating reduction using high-performance airscrew and to existing main frame to be made
Adjustment mode is transformed, and so as to optimize whole propulsion system, improves the whole efficiency of propulsion system, has significant society
Can benefit and economic benefit.
2nd, conventional operating point of the present invention using the operating point of 14.5-15.5 nautical miles/hours of the speed of a ship or plane as ship, to whole
The propeller of propulsion system is redesigned so that and the propeller of ship is optimal in 14.5-15.5 nautical miles/hours of efficiency,
Marine Diesel Engine rated power is adjusted again, allows the host work of the propulsion system in efficacious workaround, i.e. main frame
It is operated in the 55-85% regions of rated power.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is hull resistance characteristic curve, i.e. propeller load characteristic curve.
Fig. 2 is compression ratio --- the s.f.c. characteristics curve map of 6S60MC (model) MK5 main frames.
Embodiment
In order to which technical scheme is explained further, the present invention is explained in detail below by specific embodiment
State.
Marine propuision system mainly includes diesel main engine, shafting and propeller, because diesel main engine and propeller are to influence
One of principal element of the vessel motion speed of a ship or plane, therefore the present invention optimizes to the diesel main engine on ship and propeller, makes tune
The diesel main engine of whole parameter and the new propeller redesigned reach the purpose of low speed of a ship or plane high-efficiency operation, moreover it is possible to carry at lower cost
High efficiency and oil consumption is greatly reduced.Because propeller and booster are needed to redesign, matched in the present invention, in order to describe conveniently, therefore
To being referred to as former propeller, former booster before ship reconstruction, installation is redesigned after transformation is referred to as new propeller, new
Booster.
The design principle of the present invention is as follows：First according to the load characteristic curve of the new propeller of redesign and former diesel oil
The basic parameter of main frame, select the normal power scope of diesel main engine.It is 15% in view of sea situation power margin, and basic machine
The margin of power of oar matching is 15%, selectes the rated power of the diesel main engine after optimization.According to the volume of selected diesel main engine
Determine power, diesel main engine rotating speed under nominal power, the heating surface area of exhaust boiler and efficiency, adjust the daily steam of cabin
Consumption determines the specifications and models of the new compression ratio of diesel main engine and new booster.Adjust diesel main engine piston rod and crosshead
Between adjust pad thickness, diesel main engine is obtained new compression ratio.
Such as：The clearance volume of former single cylinder (single cylinder) of diesel main engine is set as 37.55L, cylinder diameter is 0.6 meter, punching
2.292 meters of journey, according to compression ratio calculation formula：
ε=(vPunching+vIt is remaining)/vIt is remaining
ε=(3.14 × 0.3 × 0.3 × 2.292+0.03755)/0.03755=18.25
vPunchingThe cylinder volume contained by one stroke of diesel main engine piston movement；
vIt is remainingFor clearance volume, i.e. piston is in the cylinder volume that upper dead center position piston, cylinder and cylinder head are contained.
According to Fig. 2 compression ratios ε --- the relation of oil consumption rate Y profile figure, compression ratio and oil consumption rate is Y=0.201 ε2-8.339
ε+259.3, abscissa represents compression ratio ε in figure, and ordinate represents oil consumption rate Y, compression ratio is adjusted into 20.8 or so, the main frame
Oil consumption rate will be in optimum state.
The compression ratio for causing the diesel main engine is 20.8, its clearance volume vRemaining -2It is calculated as follows：
ε=20.8=(3.14 × 0.3 × 0.3 × 2.292+vRemaining -2)/vRemaining -2
That is 19.8vRemaining -2=0.64772
vRemaining -2=0.03272 cubic metre i.e. 32.72L
It is 32.72L i.e. in the clearance volume of new design point, i.e. the clearance volume of diesel main engine is adjusted to from 37.55L
32.72L, reduce 4.83L, the clearance volume can be by adjusting the adjust pad between diesel main engine piston rod and crosshead
Thickness δ is realized.
The thickness of adjust pad between piston rod and crosshead changes, and does not change or have influence on the motion rail of correlation
Mark, also just without adjusting complicated movement locus.And change the pad at big end end, it can change or have influence on the fortune of correlation
Dynamic rail mark, it also need to just adjust the movement locus of complexity.Therefore, present invention selection changes the adjusting pad between piston rod and crosshead
The thickness of piece.
The lower surface for the stuffing-box that the thickness adjustment range of adjust pad between piston rod and crosshead is subject to four
The limitation of fixed bolt length.That is, the space between the lower surface meeting of stuffing-box and above-mentioned bolt end is adjustment
The thickening scope of pad, still, if adjust pad is too thick, the lower surface of stuffing-box will produce interference with above-mentioned bolt end,
Diesel main engine is influenceed to run well.
Measured, calculating, the thickness of adjust pad are matched as follows：
δNewly-δIt is old=4.83/1000/ (3.14 × D/2 × D/2)
D is the cylinder diameter of diesel main engine, and D is 0.6 meter；
δIt is oldFor the thickness of former adjust pad, δIt is oldFor 0.02 meter；
δNewlyFor the thickness of new adjust pad.
Calculate, draw δNewly=0.037 meter.
The present invention to the principal element for influenceing the vessel motion speed of a ship or plane by carrying out data test, analysis, to diesel main engine
Running operating point carry out redefinition, former propeller is redesigned and entered to the pressure charging system of diesel main engine is supporting
Row transformation, the diesel main engine allowed after new propeller and adjustment are all operated in declared working condition point or efficient region operating point, changed
High efficiency supercharger, compression ratio and the adjust pad to match with marine main engine adjusts the maximum Continuous Serving Rating of diesel main engine
With conventional service power, diesel main engine is operated in efficient region, improve the effective efficiency of diesel main engine.
The present invention's comprises the following steps that：
A, ship model is made according to the parameter of former ship, carries out ship model experiment according to test procedure, determine in various specific boats
Ship Resistance and various coefficients under speed.Hull resistance characteristic curve is that propeller load characteristic curve refers to Fig. 1 and table 1.
The hull resistance characteristic curve of table 1 is propeller load characteristic curve
Vs represents the speed of a ship or plane in table 1, and Nt represents engine speed, and Pdt represents diesel engine power output,
From Fig. 1 hull resistance curve (i.e. new characteristic curve of screw propeller) it will be seen that selection is in 14.5 boats saved
Under speed, the power that main frame must provide is 4041.5KW, and the 4041.5/7000=58% positions in rated power, are to be in
The high efficient district of specific fuel consumption (SFC).The selection of the point has taken into full account the demand of real operation, while also leaves certain nargin,
Shipping environment may remain under the speed of a ship or plane of 15.16 nautical miles/hour when taking a turn for the better and run.
B, the shipping cycle is set, selectes design speed scope of the rational speed of a ship or plane scope as new propeller, and set
Determine the conventional operating point of propulsion system.
14.5 nautical miles/hour are selected often to use operating point as new propeller according to internal trade shipping feature.Select new propeller
After conventional operating point, optimal propulsion can be selected according to Ship Resistance curve and various efficiency curves (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2)
The propeller power of the efficient point of system and new propeller, in this, as the foundation of the new propeller of redesign.Select new spiral
The optimum diameter and work pitch of oar, carry out the design of new propeller, and carry out repairing for new propeller parameter by propeller model testing
Just and finally adjust.
C, can provides the characteristic curve of marine propuision system after the design of the new propeller of completion, is selected according to characteristic curve
The Continuous Serving Rating point of marine main engine is selected, and according to the principle for the maximum allowable power that Continuous Serving Rating is 75-85%, choosing
Select the maximum allowable power of Marine Diesel Engine, certainly this selection should also fully take into account power margin under various sea situations for
15%, ensure that service speed can be improved when necessity of ship in good time.
D, the maximum allowable power and Continuous Serving Rating of the selected diesel main engine of basis, the structure of former diesel main engine is analyzed
With various operational factors, i.e. reality early stage boat measurement amount, the various setting parameters of diesel main engine, including compression pressure, outburst pressure are set
Power, scavenging pressure, pressure at expulsion, delivery temperature, supercharger speed, booster turbine end into and out of temperature and exhaust boiler steaming
The parameters such as hair amount, ship are 900Kg/h, steam pressure 4Bar to the evaporation capacity demand of boiler.Ensure diesel engine and exhaust boiler
Work in combination under optimal operating mode.
Wherein according to the actual power demand of ship, rational new booster is selected, to meet diesel main engine propeller power
Requirement, diesel main engine is operated in efficacious workaround, with reference to ship original exhaust boiler design feature and waste gas heat by
The hot daily steam requirement of area and ship adjusts the delivery temperature of main frame supercharger outlet.Pass through multiple design, meter
Calculate and determine various parameters after carrying out computer simulation.
E, after the various parameters of diesel main engine are adjusted, further verification, and carry out office is made to the characteristic curve of new propeller
Portion's modification, adjustment.Ensure the live load of diesel main engine critical piece, adjust the torsional oscillation of whole shafting and turning for change aft engine
Fast resonance region.Calculated by theoretical modeling, the resonance speed of the main frame changes into 43-53RPM by original 39-48RPM, actual
Resonance speed area after shipment test is consistent with theoretical calculation, in host setting, it is necessary to cross the region, Yi Mianyin rapidly
Each part even damage of entire machine are caused for long-play of the main frame in the region.
F, confirm that the sizing of diesel main engine booster makes after rational scope by adjusting each part.
G, the diesel main engine of above-mentioned setup parameter, new propeller are arranged on ship, and carry out sea trial.Pass through reality
Ship sea trial, in the case where keeping the speed of a ship or plane constant substantially, main frame diesel oil oil consumption than originally saves 12%.Table 2 below is
Vessel maneuvering test table.
The vessel maneuvering test table of table 2
In table since 21 days 2 months into 1403,1404,1405,1406 flight numbers on March 17,1403 also carry additionally Shantou
Port, 41 hours time；1406 carry additionally stone lake, 28.1 hours time.1403rd, the average flight number oil consumption of 1404,1405,1406 flight numbers
For 187.65T, it, which is included, carrys additionally 8.7 tons of PORT OF SHANTOU and carrys additionally 6.05 tons of stone lake port, average out to 7.37T, deduction carry additionally because
The average flight number oil consumption of element is 180.28T.1343 of the previous year compared with above-mentioned trip time 1344 flight numbers operations it is same
The average flight number oil consumption of course line and 1345/1346 flight number is 198.6T, using the improved ship of the present invention entirely come homeward
Partial node saves oil consumption 18.32T, saves constant speed run time 19.6 hours.Wherein, the 1343 of the previous year 1344 flight numbers combination or
Optimal, most fuel-economizing the flight number of the year course line section.
Before transforming ship using the present invention, daily 19.7T/ main frames, save 19.6 hours hours underways i.e. conversion and save
Oil consumption 19.6/24 × 19.7=16.1 tons, add up to each flight number and save 34.42 tons of oil consumption.Every month is according to 2.2 flight numbers back and forth
Calculate, 75.8 tons of heavy oil can be saved, cost-effective 34.11 ten thousand yuan, heavy oil per ton is by 4500 yuan of calculating.Reduce CO2Discharge capacity
For 236.1 tons (according to amount of fuel and CO2It is 3.1144 calculating to measure conversion coefficient), than using the CO before present invention transformation2Discharge subtracts
Lack 19.1%.
Calculated according to 75.8 tons of heavy oil are monthly saved, 909.6 tons of fuel heavy oils can be saved within 1 year, be roughly equal to 4093200 yuan,
Using the improvement cost of the present invention by 4146937 yuan of calculating, table 3,12.2 months i.e. recovery cost is referred to.It is right using the present invention
Container ship of the age of a ship more than more than 6 years, or run the ship of 17 years and transformed, ship can also be run 17 years,
Container ship was forced to scrap by 34 years, and its input-output ratio is：4146937/ (4093200 × 17)=1/16.78.
The Large Container Ship improvement cost that table was built before 32006, unit are member.
By analysis as can be seen that the ship transformed using the present invention, its fuel cost are greatly lowered, simultaneously should
The CO of the unit interval of ship2Discharge capacity, which also has, largely to be reduced, and this can not only save operation cost, improves profit energy
Power and competitiveness, the discharge of combustion products of fuel oil is also drastically reduce the area in the case where keeping the speed of a ship or plane to be basically unchanged, using this
Invention also can carry out energy-saving and emission-reduction and technological transformation to ship of the age of a ship more than 8 years.
Although the present invention is to declared working condition point of original designed speed higher than the propulsion system of the ship of 16 nautical miles/hour
Redesign sizing is carried out, improved ship is realized high-efficiency operation under less than the declared working condition of 16 nautical miles/hour point.But
It is that the present disclosure applies equally to the ship reconstruction for realizing high-efficiency operation under the declared working condition point higher than 16 nautical miles/hour.
Above-described embodiment and accompanying drawing and non-limiting product form of the invention and style, any art it is common
The appropriate change or modification that technical staff is done to it, it all should be regarded as not departing from the patent category of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the remodeling method of the downrating marine propuision system of a kind of Low Cost and High Energy-saving, it is characterised in that pass sequentially through
Following steps are realized：
A, ship model is made according to the parameter of former ship, carries out ship model experiment according to test procedure, determine under the various specific speed of a ship or plane
Ship Resistance and various coefficients；
B, the shipping cycle is set, selectes design speed scope of the rational speed of a ship or plane scope as new propeller, and set and push away
Enter the conventional operating point of system；
14.5 nautical miles/hour are selected often to use operating point as new propeller according to internal trade shipping feature；New propeller is selected to commonly use
After operating point, the efficient point of optimal propulsion system and new spiral are selected according to Ship Resistance curve and various efficiency curves
The propeller power of oar, in this, as the foundation of the new propeller of redesign；Select the optimum diameter and work spiral shell of new propeller
Away from carrying out the design of new propeller, and carry out the amendment of new propeller parameter by propeller model testing and finally adjust；
C, the characteristic curve of marine propuision system is drawn after the design of the new propeller of completion, marine main engine is selected according to characteristic curve
Continuous Serving Rating point, and according to Continuous Serving Rating be 75-85% maximum allowable power principle, select marine diesel
The maximum allowable power of main frame, and fully take into account the power margin under various sea situations as 15%, ensure ship it is necessary when
Time can improve service speed in good time；
D, power and Continuous Serving Rating use according to the maximum of selected diesel main engine, analyze the structure and respectively of former diesel main engine
Kind of operational factor, i.e. reality early stage boat measurement amount, set the various setting parameters of diesel main engine, including compression pressure, explosion pressure, sweep
Atmospheric pressure, pressure at expulsion, delivery temperature, supercharger speed, booster turbine end are into and out of evaporation capacity of temperature and exhaust boiler etc.
Parameter, ship are 900Kg/h, steam pressure 4Bar to the evaporation capacity demand of boiler；Ensure the combination of diesel engine and exhaust boiler
It is operated under optimal operating mode；
Wherein according to the actual power demand of ship, rational new booster is selected, to meet wanting for diesel main engine propeller power
Ask, diesel main engine is operated in efficacious workaround, with reference to the heating surface of design feature and the waste gas heating of ship original exhaust boiler
Product and ship daily steam requirement adjust the delivery temperature of main frame supercharger outlet；By multiple design, calculate simultaneously
Various parameters are determined after carrying out computer simulation；
E, after the various parameters of diesel main engine are adjusted, further verification is made to the characteristic curve of new propeller, and carry out local repair
Change, adjust；Ensure the live load of diesel main engine critical piece, the rotating speed of the torsional oscillation and change aft engine of adjusting whole shafting is total to
Shake area；Calculated by theoretical modeling, the resonance speed of the main frame changes into 43-53RPM, actual shipment by original 39-48RPM
Resonance speed area after test is consistent with theoretical calculation, in host setting, it is necessary to the region is crossed rapidly, so as not to it is because main
Machine causes each part even damage of entire machine in the long-play in the region；
F, confirm that the sizing of diesel main engine booster makes after rational scope by adjusting each part；
G, the diesel main engine of above-mentioned setup parameter, new propeller are arranged on ship.
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| CN110001864B (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2020-03-20 | 上海外高桥造船有限公司 | Land test method for large-scale exhaust gas boiler |
| CN111284646A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-06-16 | 江门市南洋船舶工程有限公司 | Method and device for avoiding installation of host torsional vibration damper, ship and storage medium |
| CN111377045B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2022-08-16 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | Marine diesel engine load limiting method with fixed pitch propeller |
| CN113761736B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2023-06-06 | 中国船舶科学研究中心 | Energy-saving effect evaluation method for marine wind power boosting rotor |
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| CN104260827A (en) | 2015-01-07 |
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