CN104245093B - For being layered the End point indication system in service life of filter cylinder - Google Patents
For being layered the End point indication system in service life of filter cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN104245093B CN104245093B CN201280060876.4A CN201280060876A CN104245093B CN 104245093 B CN104245093 B CN 104245093B CN 201280060876 A CN201280060876 A CN 201280060876A CN 104245093 B CN104245093 B CN 104245093B
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- adsorbent layer
- filter cylinder
- sensing element
- layer
- adsorbent
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Abstract
The invention discloses the layering filter cartridge system with End point indication system in service life, described layering filter cartridge system includes that filter cylinder, described filter cylinder include filter medium.Described filter medium comprises multi-ply construction, described multi-ply construction has the first adsorbent layer, the second adsorbent layer and sensing element, described sensing element is adjacent to described first adsorbent layer and described second adsorbent layer so that described sensing element interface between described first adsorbent layer and described second adsorbent layer.Described second adsorbent layer has the adsorption capacity than described first adsorbent floor height and/or the rate of adsorption.Through the passage of described filter cylinder before described sensing element instruction adsorption wave.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates generally to utilize filter cylinder to filter the method for pollutant from gas and for determining
Filter cylinder service life terminal end point indicator in service life.
Background technology
Have been developed over multiple air cleaning system to protect people's invading from hazardness air pollutants
Evil.These air cleaning systems include many various different air-purifying respirators, and described air is clean
Change respiratory organ to be designed to filter or adsorb the pollutant being present in air.Generally, these air
Purifying respirator comprises certain group of filter medium, filtration body or filter medium and filtration body
Close.When using respiratory organ, pollutant are adsorbed by filter medium or are adhered to by filtration body or catch
Collection.Finally, filter medium or filtration body become saturated and respiratory organ and remove hazardness air pollution
The ability of thing starts to weaken.
During being exposed to the environment comprising hazardness air pollutants for a long time, such as being exposed to this
Plant seriality or the repetitive operation person of environment, determine that the technology of the Acceptable life of respiratory organ is must
Need.A kind of technology use based on the respiratory organ time having been developed over.In the art, based on
(such as) Wood et al. is at Journal of the American Industrial Hygiene Association
" American Industrial Hygiene Association's magazine ", the 1st phase of volume 55, disclosed in the 11-15 page (1994)
Mathematical model, change respiratory organ or air cleaning filter in use for some time.But, this
Technology does not considers the change of the pollutant load by respiratory organ or flow velocity, therefore may result in respiratory organ or
Filter cell is by (this is waste) or too late (this can cause danger to user) prematurely
Change.
The layer comprising different sorbent material or the example of the filter cylinder of mixture include United States Patent (USP) No.
5,660,173 (Newton), that patent describes and combine the cylindrical tank that canister respirator uses, described circle
Cylindricality tank includes butt shape carbon bed and the tier array of the different grain size carbon granule being positioned in carbon bed.The U.S.
Patent No.5,714,126 (Frund) describe the respiratory organ filtration system for filtering toxic agent, described in exhale
Haustorium filtration system includes filter cylinder and HEPA filter, and described filter cylinder includes untreated activated carbon layer
With the activated carbon layer utilizing sulfate (molybdenum and copper or zinc) to impregnate.United States Patent (USP) No.6,344,071
(Smith et al.) describes filter medium, and described filter medium includes at least two filter medium, and first
Plurality of filter media granule comprises transition metal impregnating agent, and the second plurality of filter media granule comprises tertiary amine
Impregnating agent.
The end point indicator in multiple service life having been developed over that the filter cylinder with respiratory organ is used together
(ESLI).In general, ESLI is described as passive or active type.Passive ESLI is its middle finger
Show the change in device (usual color change) be for analyte adsorbent close to when exhausting because of cruelly
The ESLI being exposed to analyte and formed.Active type ESLI is following ESLI, and described ESLI includes electricity
Sub-sensor, for the air-flow of analyte and is detecting analyte with monitoring because adsorbent exhausts
Time produce alarm signal.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses the end point indicator in service life for being layered filter cartridge system.The present invention includes
Can remove the filter cylinder of pollutant from gas medium, described filter cylinder includes sealed filter cylinder shell, described
Sealed filter cylinder shell includes gas access, filter medium and gas outlet.Filter medium comprises many
Layer structure, multi-ply construction includes the first adsorbent layer, the second adsorbent layer and sensing element, described
Second adsorbent layer is than described first adsorbent layer closer to gas outlet, and described sensing element is adjacent to institute
State the first adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer so that the indicator elment of sensing element is positioned at described first
Interface between adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer.In certain embodiments, sensing element is electricity
Sub-sensing element, in other embodiments, sensing element is colourity sensing element.In some embodiments
In, the second adsorbent layer has the adsorption capacity than the first adsorbent floor height and/or the rate of adsorption.
Present invention additionally comprises the method filtering pollutant from gas.These methods include provide filter cylinder,
Flow a gas over the sensing response in filter cylinder, detection sensing element and change filter cylinder.Filter cylinder has
Sealed filter cylinder shell, sealed filter cylinder shell includes that gas access, filter medium and gas go out
Mouthful.Filter medium comprises multi-ply construction, and multi-ply construction includes the first adsorbent layer, the second adsorbent
Layer and sensing element, described second adsorbent layer goes out closer to gas than described first adsorbent layer
Mouthful, sensing element is adjacent to the first adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer so that the instruction unit of sensing element
Part interface between the first adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer.In certain embodiments, sense
Surveying element is electronics sensing element, and in other embodiments, sensing element is colourity sensing element.?
In some embodiments, the second adsorbent layer has the adsorption capacity than the first adsorbent layer and/or absorption speed
Rate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
With reference to below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing detailed description to various embodiments of the invention, can be more comprehensively geographical
Solve present patent application.
Fig. 1 shows the sectional view of the embodiment of the filter cylinder of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the sectional view of the embodiment of the filter cylinder of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows the sectional view of the embodiment of the filter cylinder of the present invention.
In the following description to diagram embodiment, have references to accompanying drawing, and by way of illustration
It is shown in which to implement the various embodiments of the present invention in the drawings.Should be appreciated that not
In the case of departing from the scope of the present invention, it is possible to use embodiment and changing in structure can be carried out
Become.Accompanying drawing is not necessarily drawn to scale.The like numerals used in accompanying drawing refers to similar assembly.But,
Should be appreciated that the assembly using label to refer in given accompanying drawing is not intended to be limited in another accompanying drawing
Assembly with identical labelled notation.
Detailed description of the invention
Have been developed over multiple air cleaning system to protect people's invading from hazardness air pollutants
Evil.These air cleaning systems include that the air-purifying respirator of broad range, described air cleaning are exhaled
Haustorium is designed to filter or adsorb the pollutant being present in air.This adsorption can be physics
Adsorption or chemisorption.These air cleaning systems can be passive, it means that uses
The breathing of person is drawn air and is passed respiratory organ, or can be electronic, it means that such as fan etc
Machinery draw air through respiratory organ.Generally, these air-purifying respirators utilize filter cylinder.
In general, these filter cylinders include filter medium, filtration body or filter medium and filtration body
Certain combination.When using respiratory organ, pollutant are adsorbed by filter medium or are glued by filtration body
Attached or trapping.Finally, filter medium or filtration body become saturated and respiratory organ to remove hazardness empty
The ability of gas pollutant starts to weaken.
During being exposed to the environment comprising hazardness air pollutants for a long time, such as being exposed to this
Plant seriality or the repetitive operation person of environment, determine that the technology of the Acceptable life of respiratory organ is must
Need.A kind of technology use based on the respiratory organ time having been developed over, this technology uses Wood
Et al. in Journal of the American Industrial Hygiene Association " American industry health
Association's magazine ", the 1st phase of volume 55, the mathematical model described in the 11-15 page (1994).?
In this technology, after one use period, just change respiratory organ or air cleaning filter.But,
This technology does not considers the change of the pollutant load by respiratory organ or flow velocity, therefore may result in respiratory organ
Or filter cell by (this for waste) prematurely or (this can cause danger to user too late
Danger) change.
The end point indicator in multiple service life having been developed over that the filter cylinder with respiratory organ is used together
(ESLI).In general, ESLI is described as passive or active type.Passive ESLI is its middle finger
Show the change in device (usual color change) be for analyte adsorbent close to when exhausting because of cruelly
The ESLI being exposed to analyte and formed.Active type ESLI is following ESLI, and described ESLI includes electricity
Sub-sensor, for the air-flow of analyte and is detecting analyte with monitoring because adsorbent exhausts
Time produce alarm signal.
Need following ESLI, described ESLI can when the major part of filter cylinder adsorbent has exhausted,
But before filter cylinder adsorbent is completely depleted, indicate filter cylinder should be replaced.This allows filter cylinder for whole
Individual service life (eliminates the waste part of available adsorbent in filter cylinder), and also is user
(when starting indicator, the adsorbent layer still suffering from can use is to protect use to provide margin of safety
Person).
Disclosed herein is the filter cartridge system for purifying gas medium, described filter cartridge system includes layering filter
Cylinder and the sensing element being positioned at layering filter cylinder.Sensing element is positioned at filter cylinder as follows: one
When individual layer or layer group exhaust, sensing element is triggered and the second layer or layer group start to purify gas and be situated between
Matter.The second layer or layer group are less than ground floor or layer group, but the second layer or layer group have than the first adsorbent
The adsorption capacity of floor height and/or the rate of adsorption.Although this second layer or layer group are less than ground floor or layer group,
But protection can be provided for user, until filter cylinder can be replaced.
Except as otherwise noted, all expression characteristics used the most in the specification and claims
The numerical value of size, amount and physical characteristic all should be understood to be modified by term " about ".Therefore, unless there are
Contrary explanation, the numerical parameter otherwise listed in description above and appended claims is
Approximation, in these approximations can use teachings disclosed herein according to those skilled in the art
Hold the desirable properties seeking to obtain and change.In the range of including being included into this with the numerical range of end points statement
All numerical value (e.g., 1 to 5 include 1,1.5,2,2.75,3,3.80,4 and 5) and this model
Enclose interior any scope.
As used in the present specification, and in the appended claims, unless singulative " " and " institute
State " additionally explicitly point out, otherwise this content contains and has multiple embodiment referring to thing.Such as, carry
And " one layer " can contain the embodiment with a layer, two-layer or more layers.Such as this specification and attached
Used by the claims added, unless term "or" is the most clearly stated, otherwise this content one
As with comprise "and/or" the meaning use.
As used herein, term " sensing element " refers to the set of following element or element: such as,
When being exposed to analyte, (e.g., can table by the change of at least one stood in its optical property
Now change for colourity, reflect the brightness of light, intensity change etc.), response analysis thing optically.
Sensing element includes at least one " indicator component " and may also include other elements.Such as this paper institute
With, term " indicator component " refers to when being exposed to analyte (such as, organic vapor or acid)
There is the element of detectable change (usually optical change).When visible change is color change,
Indicator is referred to as " colourity " indicator.If sensing element only includes indicator component, then these
Term is used interchangeably.
As used herein, term " before adsorption wave " refers to comprise through the pollutant of adsorbent layer
Gas blanket.Through adsorbent layer and do not comprise before the gas blanket of pollutant is not adsorption wave.
As used herein, the term " neighbouring " when relating to layer or other elements refers to layer or other elements
It is closely adjacent to each other, and the most there is not gap.Layer or other elements can be contact, or can
There is interlayer or other elements.
As used herein, the term " respiration hood " when relating to respiratory organ refers to by being carried that people wears
For purifying the equipment of air, this type of respiration hood includes that (such as) is fitted tightly at least respiration channel
Face shield on (nose and oral area) and lax fit type face shield.The example of respiration hood includes
(but not limited to) elastomer face-piece respirator, full-face respirators, head-shield (the softest cover or hard
Head-shield) and other suitable respirator systems.
As used herein, the term " flexible pipe " when relating to electric respirator refers to such as downcomer
Device, described conduit has fluid impermeable wall, and described fluid impermeable wall can allow for
Air extends there through and is delivered to from pure air source of supply (such as, filter cylinder) for by air filtering
Respiration hood.
The filter cylinder of the present invention can remove pollutant from gas medium and have sealed filter cylinder shell.
The element of this away filter cylinder, remains element correct configuration, and protects element in order to avoid exposing
The pollutant of the gas medium in addition to the gas medium except oriented flow cartridge filter.It is contained in sealed filter
The element of the filter cylinder in cylinder shell includes at least gas access, filter medium and gas outlet.Filter
Medium comprises multi-ply construction, multi-ply construction include at least the first adsorbent layer, the second adsorbent layer and
Sensing element, the second adsorbent layer is than the first adsorbent layer closer to gas outlet, and sensing element is neighbouring
First adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer so that the indicator elment of sensing element is positioned at the first adsorbent
Interface between layer and the second adsorbent layer.Each in these elements is described in greater detail in down
Wen Zhong.
Sealed filter cylinder shell is used to allow the parts of filter cylinder to keep fluid communication, and protection portion each other
Part is from impact, infringement etc..Shell is usually designed under the conditions of the use of filter cylinder impermeable
The fluid that will be filtered.Some materials that may be suitable for use in shell can include plastics, metal, be combined
Material etc..
In general, the opening that only has in sealed filter cylinder shell is gas access and gas outlet, gas
Body entrance is in fluid communication with external environment condition, and gas outlet is in fluid communication directly or indirectly with user.
Gas access can be simple orifices or a series of aperture, or it can be more complicated equipment, example
As, it can include that prefilter or screen cloth are to reduce the granule stream entering filter cylinder.The example of prefilter
Including (such as) fleece, mesh sheet, foam, supatex fabric etc..Prefilter can be removable
Remove so that can be taken off and clean or replace.The suitably example of screen cloth includes (example
As) metal or plastic grid, it can be permanently attach to gas access or can be detachable.
In some filter cylinder constructs, it is understood that there may be more than one gas access.
Other openings in filter cylinder shell are gas outlet.According to the air cleaning system wherein using filter cylinder
The type of system, gas outlet can have various shape and structure.If filter cylinder is used for passive respiratory organ
In system, then gas outlet can be single aperture or its can be a series of aperture.It addition, outlet can
Comprise filter or screen cloth, to prevent granule stream or dust stream from arriving user from filter medium.Properly
The example of filter include (such as) fleece, mesh sheet, foam, supatex fabric etc..Cross
Filter can be detachable so that they can be removed and clean or replace.Suitable screen cloth
Example includes (such as) metal or plastic grid, and it can be permanently attach to gas access or can
For detachable.If filter cylinder is in the electric respirator system, then gas outlet is usually single and opens
Mouthful, but it can include a series of opening in certain embodiments.In certain embodiments, gas outlet
For air vent, filter cylinder shell can be connected to flexible pipe or other connection equipment purifying by described air vent
Air provides respiration hood or other devices.Generally gas outlet is cylinder open, but also can make
With other shapes and profile.Opening may also include and is designed to be attached to filter cylinder in disengagable mode
(such as) flexible pipe or the structure of other connection equipment.
Filter medium comprises multi-ply construction, and multi-ply construction includes at least the first adsorbent layer, the second absorption
Oxidant layer and sensing element, the second adsorbent layer, senses closer to gas outlet than the first adsorbent layer
Element is adjacent to the first adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer.At least one indicator component of sensing element
Interface between the first adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer.First adsorbent layer and second is inhaled
Each Wei simple layer in attached oxidant layer or multiple sublayer can be included.It addition, except the two is inhaled
Outside attached oxidant layer, also can there is extra play.The example of the suitable additional layer that can exist includes (such as)
Additional adsorption oxidant layer and particulate filter, such as fleece, mesh sheet, foam, supatex fabric etc.
Deng.
First adsorbent layer includes at least one sorbent material.As used herein, term " adsorbent
Material " refer to absorb or the material of absorption organic vapor.This absorbs or adsorption can be physics
Effect (organic vapor is physically captured on sorbent material or in sorbent material) or chemistry are made
With (organic vapor and sorbent material chemically interact and are captured).
Multiple material may be adapted to as sorbent material.Adsorbent medium is advantageously sufficiently porous,
To allow air to be prone to flow through or other gases pass through via this hole, and its form can be in small, broken bits
Solid (such as powder, microballon, thin slice, granule or agglomerate) or porosu solid are (such as open celled foam
Or porous integrated material).Generally sorbent material is granular.
Sorbent material can be homogenous material, or it can include the mixture of material.Suitably absorption
The example of agent material includes (such as) activated carbon, processed activated carbon, aluminium oxide, silica gel, suddenly
Jia Late, molecular sieve, metal-organic framework, mould material or sorbent material known to other,
Or combinations thereof.It addition, as it has been described above, the first adsorbent layer can include multiple sublayer.These
Each in sublayer can be same or different sorbent material.
Especially advantageous adsorbent medium material includes activated carbon；Aluminium oxide and being moved by adsorption
Remove other metal-oxides of paid close attention to steam；By acid solution (such as acetic acid) or alkaline solution
The clay that (such as sodium hydrate aqueous solution) processed and other mineral；Molecular sieve and other zeolites；
Other inorganic adsorbents (such as silicon dioxide)；And include the organic adsorbent of superhigh cross-linking system
(being such as referred to as the highly cross-linked styrene polymer of " Styrosorbs ") is (such as V.A.
Davankov and P.Tsyurupa in Pure and Appl.Chem. " theoretical chemistry and applied chemistry ",
Volume 61, the 1881-89 page, 1989 and L.D.Belyakova, T.I.Schevchenko,
V.A.Davankov and M.P.Tsyurupa is at Adv.in Colloid and Interface Sci. " colloid
It is in progress with interface science " volume 25, the 249-66 page, described in 1986).Activated carbon and oxygen
Changing aluminum is especially advantageous adsorbent medium.The mixture of adsorbent medium can be used for (such as) and absorbs
The mixture of the steam paid close attention to.If using form in small, broken bits, then adsorber particles size can be sent out
Raw great changes, and generally part is selected according to drafting use condition.Refer to as generality
Leading principle, the granularity of sorbent media particles in small, broken bits can be the mean diameter of about 4 to about 5000 microns
In the range of change, e.g., in the average particle size range of about 30 to about 1500 microns change.Also can adopt
With the mixture of the adsorbing medium granule with different grain size scope, (e.g., adsorbing medium granule is bimodal
Form of mixtures, or upstream layer uses bigger absorbent particles and downstream layer to use less adsorbent
The multi-tier arrangement of granule).The adsorbent being mixed with suitable binder (such as bonding carbon) also can be used to be situated between
Matter, or trap on suitable carrier the adsorbent medium of (or wherein), such as in United States Patent (USP) No.
3,971,373 (Braun et al.), United States Patent (USP) No.4,208,194 (Nelson) and United States Patent (USP) No.
In 4,948,639 (Brooker et al.) and in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.US2006/0096911
The adsorbent medium being described in A1 (Brey et al.).It addition, it be also possible to use fixed carbon.Carbon can
It is fixed by multiple method, such as, by bonding carbon, carbon filled type fleece, carbon block etc.
Deng.The example of fixed carbon includes being described in PCT Publication No.WO2006/052694 (Brey et al.)
In the fleece containing granule.Activated carbon is especially useful sorbent material.The example of commercially available activated carbon
Attached bag includes with GG (general gas flow) grade and GC (high-purity and the high rigidity work as catalytic carrier
Property carbon) grade derives from those of Kuraray chemical company (Kuraray Chemical Co.).Kuraray GG
It is particularly suited for the first adsorbent layer Deng level active carbon.
Filter medium also includes the second adsorbent layer.This second adsorbent layer is configured closer to gas and goes out
Mouthful, and the typically smaller than first adsorbent layer.Mentioning that the second adsorbent layer is less than the first adsorbent layer
Time, it means that the tranverse sectional thickness of the second adsorbent layer is thick less than the cross section of the first adsorbent layer
The volume that degree or the second adsorbent layer occupy in filter cylinder shell is less than the first adsorbent layer at filter cylinder
The volume occupied in shell or both.
Although the second adsorbent layer is less than the first adsorbent layer, but the second adsorbent layer has than the first suction
Adsorption capacity that attached oxidant layer is high and/or the rate of adsorption.Generally, in terms of absorption organic vapor, the
Two adsorbents are than the first more effective layer of adsorbent layer.Owing to the second adsorbent layer is less than the first absorption
Oxidant layer, the adsorption efficiency of the most this enhancing allows the second adsorbent layer to keep the normal merit of filter cylinder
Can, and set apart leave contaminated area or come to change filter what pollutant penetrated for user
Cylinder.
In certain embodiments, the Sticking factor A of the second adsorbent layer2Absorption with the first adsorbent layer
Factors A1Ratio be A2/A1>1.The Sticking factor of adsorbent layer is determined by following formula: A=kv×
SL, wherein A=adsorption coefficient；kv=active adsorption velocity coefficient (minute-1)；And SL=uses
Life-span (minute), i.e. give test steam reach at standard temperature and pressure 1% penetrate required
Time.
This Sticking factor uses Wood at Journal of the American Industrial Hygiene
Association " American Industrial Hygiene Association's magazine ", the 1st phase of volume 55, the 11-15 page (1994
Year) described in method measure.
Sorbent material in second adsorbent layer is different from the sorbent material in the first adsorbent layer.
Suitably the example of sorbent material include (such as) activated carbon, the activated carbon that processed, oxidation
Aluminum, silica gel, hopcalite, molecular sieve, metal-organic framework, mould material or other known to
Sorbent material or combinations thereof.Activated carbon is especially useful sorbent material.Commercially available work
Property carbon example include with GG (general gas flow) grade and GC (as catalytic carrier high-purity and
High rigidity activated carbon) grade derives from those of Kuraray chemical company (Kuraray Chemical Co.).
The level active carbons such as Kuraray GC are particularly suited for the second adsorbent layer.In certain embodiments, first
Adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer all include activated carbon.In certain embodiments, the first absorption
Oxidant layer includes the level active carbons such as Kuraray GG, and the second adsorbent layer includes Kuraray GC grade
Activated carbon.
First adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer fluid communication with each other.In certain embodiments, first
Adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer are closely adjacent to each other.In other embodiments, the first adsorbent layer and
Two adsorbent layers are discrete layers and can be separated by porous membrane or screen cloth.
First adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer can be in any suitable shapes, such as, rectangle, circle
Shape, ellipse etc..Generally, the shape of the first adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer is by filter cylinder shell
Shape and configuration control.Maybe advantageously the first adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer have equal or
Similar length and width, or maybe advantageously the second adsorbent layer have shorter length and/or
Width and filter medium have the structure of substantially taper.
Filter cylinder also includes sensing element, and sensing element sets adjacent to the first adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer
Put.Sensing element includes at least one indicator component, and this at least one indicator component is positioned at first
Interface between adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer.Through filter cylinder before sensing element instruction adsorption wave
Passage.Multiple sensing element is be applicable to the filter cylinder of the present invention.When adsorbing through first before adsorption wave
During oxidant layer, sensing element (such as) (e.g., can behave as colourity by standing to change its optical property
Change, reflect the brightness of light, intensity change etc.) at least one, response analysis optically
Thing.In certain embodiments, sensing element is that colourity sensing element (this means to be come by human eye
Detection optical change), in other embodiments, sensing element is that electronics sensing element (this means
Optical change can be detected) by electronic installation.In certain embodiments, the first adsorbent layer it is positioned at
With the indicator component of the interface that second between adsorbent layer may make up whole sensing element, at other
In embodiment, sensing element is bigger or more complicated, and only indicator component is positioned at the first suction
Interface between attached oxidant layer and the second adsorbent layer.
In certain embodiments, sensing element is film.Film can have multiple layer and can be colourity film
(that is, film changes color when being exposed to organic analysis thing), or organic analysis thing can be exposed to
The detectable optical change of Shi Fasheng some other.Suitably the example of sensor film is in United States Patent (USP)
No.7,449,146 (Rakow et al.) and U.S. Patent Publication No.2008/0063575 and No.
2008/0063874 (Rakow et al.) is described.
Sensing element can be also the chemical sensor of patterning, such as, is described in U.S. Patent Publication No.
Those in 2011/0094514 (Rakow et al.).The sensor of these patternings includes film, film bag
Including film main body and confining bed, film main body includes that detection layers, confining bed are bonded to film main body and close inspection
Survey a part for layer.Detection layers response organic chemistry material, i.e. detection layers is being exposed to organic chemistry material
Time change color.Confining bed stops detected chemicals entrance closed area and causes color to become
Change.The net effect of this arrangement is in single film main body, when being exposed to organic chemistry material,
" old " color (i.e. first color state) and " newly " color (that is, color of the change of detection layers
State) exist side by side, thus allow user to easily determine whether and change.
According to the complexity of sensing element, whole sensing element can be located in filter cylinder, or sensing element
A part can be located in filter cylinder and a part for sensing element can be located at outside filter cylinder.Electronics is sensed
For element, especially true.
In certain embodiments, whole sensing element is positioned at filter cylinder.Generally, in these embodiments
In, sealed filter cylinder shell comprises window or other finders, to allow user to observe sensing
Part.Window or other finders can be made up of glass or transparent plastic.The example of this arrangement
U.S. Patent Publication No.2010/0294272 (Holmquist-Brown et al.) is described.
Although sensing element can be located at any position in filter cylinder, (precondition is to deposit at least partially
It is the interface between the first adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer), but in certain embodiments,
Maybe advantageously sensing element is positioned on the wall of sealed filter cylinder shell.In this way it is easier to by sensing
Part signal (optical signalling or electronic signal) is transferred to user.There is the one of colourity sensing element
In a little embodiments, colourity sensing element is located close to outside the sealed filter cylinder of window or other finders
On shell wall.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show three embodiments of the filter cylinder of the present invention.In FIG, filter
Cylinder 100 includes that gas access the 110, first adsorbent layer the 120, second adsorbent layer 130, gas go out
Mouth 140 and sensing element 150.Fig. 2 is the similar embodiment illustrating filter cylinder 200, and filter cylinder 200 wraps
Include gas access the 210, first adsorbent layer the 220, second adsorbent layer 230, gas outlet 240,
With sensing element 250.In filter cylinder 200, the second adsorbent layer 230 is narrower than the first adsorbent layer
220, thus the structure of substantially taper is given for filter medium.Fig. 3 shows the reality of shunting filter cylinder 300
Execute example.In filter cylinder 300, gas access 310 is positioned at top and the bottom of filter cylinder 300.Gas enters
Mouth 310 and first adsorbent layer the 320, second adsorbent layer 330, gas outlet 340 and sensing
Part 350 is in fluid communication.
The invention also discloses the method for filtering pollutant from gas.The method includes providing
Stating the filter cylinder of type, described filter cylinder includes the sealed filter cylinder with layered adsorption oxidant layer and sensing element
Shell；Flow a gas over filter cylinder；Sensing response in detection sensing element；And replacing filter cylinder.
Gas pollutant generally includes organic vapor, sour gas or combinations thereof.Such as this paper institute
With, term " organic vapor " refers to multiple aerial VOC, if it is present in sky
Gas can endanger the people of breathing.The example of organic vapor includes, but is not limited to: alcohol, such as isopropyl
Alcohol and butanol；Alkane, such as hexane and octane；Aromatic compounds, such as benzene, toluene, diformazan
Benzene and styrene；Halogenated hydrocarbons, such as chloroform and dichloromethane；Ketone, such as acetone and Methylethyl
Ketone；Ether, such as oxolane；Ester, such as ethyl acetate and ethoxyethyl acetate(EA)；Acrylic acid
Ester, such as methacrylate；Nitrile, such as acetonitrile；Isocyanates, such as Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, 4-bis-isocyanide
Acid esters etc..As used herein, term " acid gas or sour gas " refers to containing some acid groups
The gas divided.Acidic components itself can be gas, such as hydrogen chloride gas, but the nothing of acidic components own
It is required to be gas, but can be simply present in gas or admixture of gas.It addition, sour gas itself
It is not likely to be acid, but acid can be obtained by the combination with the other materials being present in air.
As it has been described above, filter cylinder has the first adsorbent layer, the second adsorbent layer and sensing element, the
Two adsorbent layers are inhaled adjacent to first closer to the gas outlet of filter cylinder, sensing element than the first adsorbent layer
Attached oxidant layer and the second adsorbent layer.At least one indicator component of sensing element is positioned at the first adsorbent
Interface between layer and the second adsorbent layer.
Can flow a gas over filter cylinder by multiple method, this depends on the respiratory organ being attached filter cylinder thereon
The type of device.If respirator apparatus is passive respiratory organ, then flow a gas over the step of filter cylinder
Can include wearing respiratory organ and breathing.Before filter cylinder is used, filter cylinder gas access can be to seal
Or cover protect filter cylinder, therefore flow a gas over the step of filter cylinder and may also include and open or open
The step of cartridge inlet port.It addition, respiratory organ and filter cylinder can remain separation, therefore can exist and relate to
Filter cylinder is attached to the number of assembling steps of respirator apparatus.It addition, respiratory organ can include that more than one is filtered
Cylinder, and these filter cylinders can be same or different.
If respiratory organ is electric respirator, then the step flowing a gas over filter cylinder can include wearing breathing
Device and opening for for the fan of respiratory organ energy supply or the power supply of other devices.As passive is breathed
Device system, the step flowing a gas over filter cylinder may also include unlatching or opens filter cylinder gas access or assembling
The step of respiratory organ.
When using the respirator apparatus of filter cylinder including the present invention, arrive it at the first adsorbent layer and make
Response point is arrived in the case of end of life.Now, the first adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent it are positioned at
The indicator component of the interface of layer is activated and causes the response in sensing element.Sensing element rings
Optic response should be usually.If sensing element is colourity sensing element, then produces and can be examined by user
The color change surveyed.If sensing element is electronic device, then produce the electronics that can be detected by user
Signal.
In some embodiments, it may be possible to usefully test typically for representational organic vapor
Filter cylinder and measure terminal in service life (as measured) and sensing by organic vapor breakthrough point
The ratio of the point that part is activated.The method is described more fully below in EXAMPLEPART.Maybe advantageously
This ratio is 0.90 or less, it means that when sensing element starts, and remains the suction of 10% in filter cylinder
Attached dose of capacity.This 10% value of residue adsorbent capacity is corresponding to alerting user to change in advance
The current NIOSH standard of filter cylinder.
The sensing response instruction user that user detects should change filter cylinder.For filtering from gas
This filter cartridge system of pollutant and method advantage are, when user detects sensing response
Time, only only reach to the second adsorbent layer before adsorption wave.Owing to the second adsorbent layer has than the first absorption
Adsorption capacity that oxidant layer is high and/or the rate of adsorption, therefore the second adsorbent layer can continue to absorption and pollutes
Thing, regardless of the terminal in service life of the first adsorbent layer.Second adsorbent layer is therefore in replaceable filter
Additional margin of safety was provided before Tong.
Example
These examples are only used for exemplary purpose, and have no intention to limit attached claims
Scope.Except as otherwise noted, otherwise example and description with in lower part and claims
All numbers, percent, ratio etc. are by weight.Except as otherwise noted, otherwise solvent for use and
Other reagent all derive from the Sigma-Aldrich chemical company (Sigma-of Milwaukee, WI
Aldrich Chemical Company；Milwaukee,Wisconsin).
Abbreviation table
Method of testing
Filter cylinder measures service life
By testing based on the 500ppm octane tester under 32L/min flow velocity and 50% relative humidity
Filter cylinder measures service life.When observing 5ppm octane in outlet, measure service life.
Use GOWMAC series 23-that lattice Mike instrument company (GowMac Instrument Co.) manufacture
550 total hydrocarbon analyser FID measure exit concentration.FID be provided that scope be 2, air pressure be
22, fuel pressure be 12, span be 1.1.
Comparative example C1:
The preparation of filter cylinder C1:
Sample filter cylinder utilizes cartridge body to assemble, and utilization has 140 cubic centimetres of (cm3)
The snowflake post of SM-1 be filled with.
The test of filter cylinder C1:
Use method of testing mentioned above to test the terminal in service life of the filter cylinder of above-mentioned assembling.Separately
The startup point of the sensor in outer record filter cylinder.Additionally calculate the startup of terminal in service life and sensor
The ratio of point.This ratio measure sensor starts the time between point and breakthrough point.Advantageously this ratio
Rate is 0.90 or less, thus it is (current to alert the time in advance for filter cylinder user offer 10%
NIOSH requires).These data are given in Table 1.
Table 1
Example 1-4:
The preparation of filter cylinder 1-4:
Sample filter cylinder utilizes cartridge body to assemble, and utilization has the adsorbent shown in table 2
The snowflake post of quantity of material is filled with.Comparative example C1 is included using as reference.
Table 2
The test of filter cylinder 1-4:
Use method of testing mentioned above to test the terminal in service life of the filter cylinder of above-mentioned assembling.Separately
The startup point of the sensor in outer record filter cylinder.Additionally calculate the startup of terminal in service life and sensor
The ratio of point.This ratio measure sensor starts the time between point and breakthrough point.Advantageously this ratio
Rate is 0.90 or less, thus it is (current to alert the time in advance for filter cylinder user offer 10%
NIOSH requires).These data are given in Table 3.
Table 3
Claims (21)
1. a filter cylinder for pollutant can be removed from gas medium, including:
Sealed filter cylinder shell, described sealed filter cylinder shell includes:
Gas access；
Filter medium；With
Gas outlet,
Wherein said filter medium comprises multi-ply construction, and described multi-ply construction includes:
First adsorbent layer；
Second adsorbent layer, described second adsorbent layer is than described first adsorbent
Layer is closer to described gas outlet；With
Sensing element, described sensing element is adjacent to described first adsorbent layer and institute
State the second adsorbent layer so that the indicator elment of described sensing element is positioned at
Interface between described first adsorbent layer and described second adsorbent layer
Place.
Filter cylinder the most according to claim 1, wherein said second adsorbent layer has than described
The adsorption capacity of one adsorbent floor height and/or the rate of adsorption.
Filter cylinder the most according to claim 2, the Sticking factor A of wherein said second adsorbent layer2
Sticking factor A with described first adsorbent layer1Ratio be A2/A1> 1, wherein said suction
The Sticking factor of attached oxidant layer is determined by following formula:
A=kv× SL,
Wherein A=Sticking factor；
kv=active adsorption velocity coefficient (minute-1)；And
SL=service life (minute), i.e. gives test steam and reaches at standard temperature and pressure
The required time is penetrated to 1%.
Filter cylinder the most according to claim 1, wherein said first adsorbent layer and described second is inhaled
Attached oxidant layer is the most discontinuous layer.
Filter cylinder the most according to claim 1, before wherein said sensing element indicates described adsorption wave
Passage through described filter cylinder.
Filter cylinder the most according to claim 5, wherein said sensing element includes colourity sensing element
Or electronics sensing element.
Filter cylinder the most according to claim 1, wherein said sensing element is positioned at described filter cylinder
A certain position so that when arrive before the adsorption wave that the instruction of described sensing element comprises pollutant
Reach the interface between described first adsorbent layer and described second adsorbent layer.
Filter cylinder the most according to claim 1, also includes the adsorbent layer added.
Filter cylinder the most according to claim 1, wherein said first adsorbent layer and described second is inhaled
Attached oxidant layer includes the layer of activated carbon, silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide or combinations thereof.
Filter cylinder the most according to claim 9, wherein said first adsorbent layer comprises activated carbon,
And described second adsorbent layer comprises different activated carbon.
11. filter cylinders according to claim 1, wherein said sensing element is positioned at described filter cylinder shell
Wall on.
12. 1 kinds of methods filtering pollutant from gas, including:
Thering is provided filter cylinder, described filter cylinder includes:
Sealed filter cylinder shell, described sealed filter cylinder shell includes:
Gas access；
Filter medium；With
Gas outlet,
Wherein said filter medium comprises multi-ply construction, and described multi-ply construction includes:
First adsorbent layer；
Second adsorbent layer, described second adsorbent layer is than described first adsorbent
Layer is closer to described gas outlet；With
Sensing element, described sensing element is adjacent to described first adsorbent layer and institute
State the second adsorbent layer so that the indicator elment of described sensing element is positioned at
Interface between described first adsorbent layer and described second adsorbent layer
Place；
Flow a gas over described filter cylinder；
Detect the sensing response in described sensing element；And
Change described filter cylinder.
13. methods according to claim 12, wherein said second adsorbent layer has than described
The adsorption capacity of one adsorbent floor height and/or the rate of adsorption.
14. methods according to claim 13, the Sticking factor of wherein said second adsorbent layer
A2Sticking factor A with described first adsorbent layer1Ratio be A2/A1> 1, Qi Zhongsuo
The Sticking factor stating adsorbent layer is determined by following formula:
A=kv× SL,
Wherein A=Sticking factor；
kv=active adsorption velocity coefficient (minute-1)；And
SL=service life (minute), i.e. gives test steam and reaches at standard temperature and pressure
The required time is penetrated to 1%.
15. methods according to claim 12, wherein said first adsorbent layer and described second is inhaled
Attached oxidant layer is the most discontinuous layer.
16. methods according to claim 12, before wherein said sensing element indicates described adsorption wave
Passage through described filter cylinder.
17. methods according to claim 16, wherein said sensing element includes colourity sensing element
Or electronics sensing element.
18. methods according to claim 17, the sensing in the described sensing element of wherein said detection
The step of response includes detecting color change.
19. methods according to claim 12, wherein said sensing element is positioned at described filter cylinder
A certain position so that when arrive before the adsorption wave that the instruction of described sensing element comprises pollutant
Reach the interface between described first adsorbent layer and described second adsorbent layer.
20. methods according to claim 12, wherein said filter cylinder also includes the adsorbent added
Layer.
21. methods according to claim 12, wherein said pollutant include organic vapor, acidity
Gas or combinations thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201161569342P | 2011-12-12 | 2011-12-12 | |
| US61/569,342 | 2011-12-12 | ||
| PCT/US2012/067703 WO2013090052A1 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2012-12-04 | End of service life indicating systems for layered filter cartridges |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104245093A CN104245093A (en) | 2014-12-24 |
| CN104245093B true CN104245093B (en) | 2016-11-30 |
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| CN107349746B (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-12-17 | 四川天采科技有限责任公司 | Pressure swing adsorption method for linkage control of pressure change in cyclic operation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102215914A (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-10-12 | 斯科特科技股份有限公司 | Determining effluent concentration profiles and service lives of air purifying respirator cartridges |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102215914A (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-10-12 | 斯科特科技股份有限公司 | Determining effluent concentration profiles and service lives of air purifying respirator cartridges |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107349746B (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-12-17 | 四川天采科技有限责任公司 | Pressure swing adsorption method for linkage control of pressure change in cyclic operation |
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