CN104234627B - Casing pipe running device and the method for operation is driven based on top - Google Patents
Casing pipe running device and the method for operation is driven based on top Download PDFInfo
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- CN104234627B CN104234627B CN201410475177.7A CN201410475177A CN104234627B CN 104234627 B CN104234627 B CN 104234627B CN 201410475177 A CN201410475177 A CN 201410475177A CN 104234627 B CN104234627 B CN 104234627B
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of casing pipe running device and method driving operation based on top, casing pipe running device includes locked assembly, locked assembly includes locking mandrel, slips, epirelief wheel case, lower cam sleeve, locking mandrel have axially through centre bore, the upper end of locking mandrel can be driven with top and is connected；Slip sleeve is located at locking mandrel exterior, is provided with sleeve pipe in slips outer cover；Epirelief wheel case is socketed in locking mandrel exterior；Lower cam sleeve is set in locking mandrel exterior, and lower cam sleeve is positioned at below epirelief wheel case and is connected with slips；Epirelief wheel case lower end is provided with overhead cam, and overhead cam lower end is provided with grab；Lower cam sleeve upper end is provided with lower cam, and lower cam upper end is provided with the lower grab being engaged mutually with upper grab.Setting of casing method uses casing pipe running device above, the casing pipe running device employing Mechanical Driven driving operation based on top of the present invention, compared with hydraulic-driven, has simple in construction, operates the advantage simple, reliability is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum and natural gas drilling, in particular to a casing running device and method based on top drive operation for casing running operation.
Background
The top drive is widely applied to an oil drilling machine as advanced equipment, and the advantages of the top drive are mainly reflected in the aspects of efficient drilling of a drill column, effective solving of drilling accidents and the like. With the development of drilling equipment technology, the function of the top drive is continuously expanded. At present, related scientific research units have developed a top drive casing running device, and the top drive of the device can realize functions of screwing and circulating slurry at any time, so that the casing running efficiency is greatly improved.
The commonly used top drive casing running device adopts hydraulic drive and has the following defects:
1. the hydraulic oil is easy to leak, the environment is polluted after the hydraulic oil leaks, and the influence of environmental factors (such as temperature and the like) on the hydraulic oil is large;
2. a plurality of hydraulic pipelines and accessories (such as hydraulic control valves, hydraulic pipelines, hydraulic pumps and the like) are provided;
3. the system reliability is poor, for example, the hydraulic top drive casing device needs to work under the action of long-time hydraulic pressure, so that the reliability of a sealing element, such as a rotary seal, is relatively poor;
4. the installation and disassembly time is long, and the maintenance is not easy.
In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the existing top-drive casing running device, it is necessary to design a completely mechanically-driven casing running device based on top-drive operation
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a casing running device and method based on top drive operation, which aim to overcome the defects of the existing hydraulic drive top drive casing running device.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a casing running device based on top drive operation, which includes a locking assembly, wherein the locking assembly includes: a locking mandrel having a central hole running through in an axial direction; the slip is sleeved outside the locking mandrel, and a sleeve is sleeved outside the slip; the upper cam sleeve is sleeved outside the locking mandrel; the lower cam sleeve is sleeved outside the locking mandrel and is positioned below the upper cam sleeve and connected with the slips; wherein,
the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve realize switching between a locking state and a releasing state through relative rotation; in a locking state, the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are clamped in an axial direction and can realize relative movement in the axial direction and relative rotation in the circumferential direction under the action of external force; in a tripping state, the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are separated from the axial clamping through axial relative movement and circumferential relative rotation to form axial locking and circumferential unidirectional locking, and the slip clamps the sleeve.
The casing running device based on the top drive operation comprises an upper cam, an upper clamping hook and a lower clamping hook, wherein the upper cam is arranged at the lower end of the upper cam sleeve; the upper end of the lower cam sleeve is provided with a lower cam, and the upper end of the lower cam is provided with a lower clamping hook capable of being meshed with the upper clamping hook; in a locking state, the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve form axial clamping connection through the occlusion of the upper clamping hook and the lower clamping hook; in a tripping state, the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are relatively moved in the axial direction and relatively rotated in the circumferential direction, so that the upper hook and the lower hook are separated from occlusion, and the bottom surface of the upper cam and the lower hook form axial locking and circumferential one-way locking.
The casing running device based on the top drive operation is characterized in that the upper cam is further provided with a spinner inclined plane connected with the upper hook, the spinner inclined plane is positioned on the bottom surface of the upper cam, and the bottom end surface of the upper hook is further provided with a shackle inclined plane; the top surface of the lower cam is also provided with a guide inclined plane which extends to the lower part of the lower clamping hook in an inclined way; the top end of the lower clamping hook is provided with a spinner locking inclined plane which is inclined towards two sides and can be unidirectionally locked with the spinner inclined plane and a shackle locking inclined plane which can be unidirectionally locked with the shackle inclined plane;
in a locking state, the upper clamping hook is meshed with the lower clamping hook, and the guide inclined plane is attached to the shackle inclined plane;
in the dropout state, go up the pothook and follow under the exogenic action direction inclined plane gliding, with the pothook breaks away from the interlock down, the spiral shell inclined plane through for spiral shell locking inclined plane to first direction rotatory with spiral shell locking inclined plane one-way lock is dead, the inclined plane of breaking out through for break out locking inclined plane to second direction rotatory with break out locking inclined plane one-way lock is dead, first direction with the second direction is different, just first direction with the second direction is clockwise or anticlockwise.
The casing running device based on the top drive operation comprises an upper cam, a lower cam sleeve, an upper clamping hook, a lower clamping hook, a rotating buckle inclined plane, a lower clamping hook and a casing running device, wherein the upper cam and the rotating buckle inclined plane are arc-shaped and extend along the circumferential direction of the upper cam sleeve;
the lower cam is the arc, and follows the circumferencial direction of lower cam cover extends, the direction inclined plane by lower cam bottom is along anticlockwise slant tilt up to lower pothook lower part, the spiral shell locking inclined plane by lower pothook top is the slope of below slope to the right side, the spiral shell locking inclined plane by lower pothook top is the slope of below slope to the left side.
The casing running device based on the top drive operation comprises two upper cams and two lower cams, wherein the two upper cams are arranged at intervals through two upper gaps, and the two lower cams are arranged at intervals through two lower gaps;
in a locking state, the lower cam extends into an upper opening between the two upper cams, the upper cams extend into a lower opening between the two lower cams, and the two upper clamping hooks arranged on the upper cam are correspondingly meshed with the two lower clamping hooks arranged on the lower cams;
in a tripping state, the upper cam rotates relative to the lower cam to enable the lower hook to be locked with the bottom surface of the first upper cam, or the lower hook to be locked with the bottom surface of the second upper cam.
The casing running device based on the top drive operation is characterized in that a spring is compressed between the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve;
in the lock catch state, the spring is in a compression state, and the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are connected in an axially-upward mode through the spring.
The lower casing device based on the top drive operation, wherein an upper connecting sleeve is sleeved on the locking mandrel, the upper connecting sleeve is connected above the upper cam sleeve, the spring sleeve is arranged outside the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve, and the spring is tightly pressed between the upper connecting sleeve and the lower cam sleeve.
The casing running device based on the top drive operation comprises a locking mandrel, slips, a slip seat, a slip sleeve, a spring, a lower cam sleeve and a slip sleeve, wherein the slip seat is sleeved between the locking mandrel and the slips, the slip seat is fixedly connected with the slips, the slip sleeve is connected to the upper portion of the slip seat, the slip sleeve is connected to the lower portion of the lower cam sleeve, and the spring is tightly pressed between the upper connecting sleeve and the slip sleeve.
The casing running device based on the top drive operation comprises a locking mandrel, wherein the locking mandrel is arranged on the casing running device, the locking mandrel is arranged on the locking mandrel, the lower end of the locking mandrel is provided with a conical outer wall surface, the outer diameter of the conical outer wall surface is gradually increased from top to bottom.
The casing running device based on the top drive operation comprises a casing, wherein an outer sleeve is sleeved outside a spring, a blocking ring is sleeved outside the outer sleeve, the upper end of the outer sleeve is connected with the upper connecting sleeve, the blocking ring is of a groove shape, the spring is tightly pressed between the outer sleeve and the blocking ring, a slip sleeve and a lower cam sleeve are fixedly connected.
The casing running device based on the top drive operation further comprises a top drive, and the upper end of the locking mandrel is connected with the top drive.
The casing running device based on the top drive operation, wherein the casing running device further comprises a sealing assembly arranged below the locking assembly, and the sealing assembly comprises: the sealing mandrel is connected below the locking mandrel, and a central hole of the sealing mandrel is communicated with a central hole of the locking mandrel; and the sealing rubber plug is sleeved outside the sealing mandrel.
The invention also provides a casing running method based on top drive operation, wherein the casing running method comprises the following steps:
step A, locking operation: the top drive is lowered until the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve form axial clamping connection;
step B, tripping operation: after the step A, the top drive is continuously lowered, so that the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are separated from the clamping connection in the axial direction through the relative movement in the axial direction and the relative rotation in the circumferential direction; lifting the top drive upwards to separate the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve from each other, and expanding and clamping the casing pipe by the slips; rotating the top drive to enable the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve to form axial locking and circumferential one-way locking;
and C, continuously rotating the top drive to realize the rotation of the sleeve.
The casing running method based on the top drive operation is characterized in that in the locking operation, the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are clamped in the axial direction through the engagement of the upper clamping hook of the upper cam sleeve and the lower clamping hook of the lower cam sleeve.
In the casing running method based on the top drive operation, during tripping operation, the top drive is continuously lowered to enable the upper cam sleeve to move downwards along the axial direction against the restoring force of the spring, and meanwhile, the upper hook slides downwards along the guide inclined plane of the lower cam, the upper cam sleeve rotates relative to the lower cam sleeve, and the upper hook and the lower hook are disengaged.
The casing running method based on the top drive operation comprises the following steps that after the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are vertically separated, if the top drive is rotated towards the first direction, the unscrewing inclined surface of the upper cam and the unscrewing locking inclined surface of the lower hook are locked, and the top drive is continuously rotated towards the first direction, so that the screwing operation of the casing is realized; if the top driver is rotated in the second direction, the shackle inclined surface of the upper clamping hook and the shackle locking inclined surface of the lower clamping hook are locked, the top driver is continuously rotated in the second direction, and the shackle operation of the casing pipe is realized, wherein the first direction is different from the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are clockwise or anticlockwise.
The casing running method based on the top drive operation, wherein the casing running method further comprises the following steps:
step D, the casing device is separated from operation: after the screwing operation or the unscrewing operation, the top drive is rotated reversely and lowered until the lower casing device and the casing rotate relatively, the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are meshed and locked again, the outer diameter of the slip is at the minimum state at the moment, and the lower casing device can be separated from the casing by lifting the top drive.
The casing running method based on the top drive operation specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: firstly, a lower seating hole of a protective joint is seated on a coupling of a wellhead clamping sleeve;
step S2: then suspending the casing to a wellhead through an elevator, and lowering the casing into an upper seating hole of the protective joint until the lower end face of the thread of the casing contacts with a partition plate of the protective joint;
step S3: then, a top drive is lowered, and a sealing assembly of the casing running device is inserted into an inner hole of the casing until a stop ring is contacted with the upper end face of the coupling of the casing; at the moment, the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are meshed through an upper clamping hook of the upper cam sleeve and a lower clamping hook of the lower cam sleeve to realize initial locking;
step S4: continuing to lower the top drive until the outer sleeve and the stop ring do not move relatively;
step S5: then, the top drive is lifted, and the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are separated up and down to realize unlocking;
step S6: then, the top driver is rotated clockwise until the turnbuckle inclined plane and the turnbuckle locking inclined plane are mechanically locked, and the slip teeth of the slip are clamped on the inner wall of the sleeve;
step S7: then the top drive and the sleeve are lifted up, and the protective joint is taken out;
step S8: then, the top drive and the casing are lowered, and the top drive and the casing are screwed and fastened with a wellhead clamping casing;
step S9: then, loosening the power slip through circulating the slurry, and running the casing;
step S10: placing the casing down to a wellhead, and clamping the casing by a power slip;
step S11: then slowly rotating in the reverse direction and lowering the top drive until the relative rotation position of the casing running device and the casing occurs;
step S12: then, the top drive is lifted upwards, and the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve return to the initial locking state;
step S13: and repeating the steps until the operation is finished.
The casing running device and method based on top drive operation have the characteristics and advantages that:
1. the casing running device is mechanically driven, the screwing operation and the unscrewing operation of the casing are realized by controlling the axial movement and the circumferential unidirectional locking of the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve, and compared with hydraulic driving, the casing running device is simple in structure, easy and simple to operate, high in reliability, free of hydraulic oil leakage and capable of overcoming the defects of complex hydraulic pipeline and many parts;
2. the lower sleeve device realizes axial clamping by the occlusion of the upper clamping hook and the lower clamping hook, provides guidance for the occlusion and the disengagement of the upper clamping hook and the lower clamping hook by arranging the guide inclined plane on the lower cam, and ensures that the upper cam sleeve is locked with the lower cam sleeve when rotating by arranging the screwing inclined plane and the unscrewing inclined plane on the upper cam and the upper clamping hook respectively and arranging the screwing locking inclined plane and the unscrewing locking inclined plane on the lower clamping hook correspondingly, thereby realizing the clamping operation of the sleeve by adopting a mechanical locking mode of a cam structure;
3. the locking mandrel and the slip seat are matched through the conical surface, so that when the locking mandrel moves upwards along the axial direction, the conical surface enables the slip to expand and clamp the inner wall of the sleeve, and the control of the sleeve is realized.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a top drive operation based casing running apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the upper hook of the upper cam sleeve engaging the lower hook of the lower cam sleeve;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the upper catches of the upper cam sleeve being disengaged from the lower catches of the lower cam sleeve;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the locking ramp with the inclined surface of the turn-buckle in the turning-buckle operation state;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the shackle ramp locking with the shackle locking ramp in a shackle operating condition;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the upper cam sleeve upper hook and lower cam sleeve lower hook returning to a snap-in condition;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a protection joint.
Main element number description:
1 locking assembly 10 locking mandrel
11 slips
111 slip seat 1111 fixing plate
112 slip sleeve 113 slip seat stop ring
12 cam sleeve
121 upper cam 1211 turn-on ramp
122 upper hook 1221 shackle slope 1222 upper hook inner side
13 lower cam sleeve
131 lower cam 1311 guide ramp
132 lower hook
1321 rotating buckle locking bevel 1322 shackle locking bevel 1323 lower hook inner side surface
1324 turn buckle guide slope
14 spring 15 upper connecting sleeve 16 jacket
17 stop ring
2 sealing assembly
20 sealed dabber 21 fixed ring 22 keeps off ring
23 sealing rubber plug 24 rubber plug fixing sleeve
3 casing
4 protective joint
41 spacer 42 upper seat hole 43 lower seat hole
5 well head clamping sleeve
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a casing running device based on top drive operation, the casing running device includes a locking assembly 1, the locking assembly 1 includes: the locking core shaft 10 is provided with a central hole which penetrates along the axial direction, and the upper end of the locking core shaft 10 can be connected with the top driver; the slips 11 are sleeved outside the locking mandrel 10, and the sleeve 3 is sleeved outside the slips 11; the upper cam sleeve 12 is sleeved outside the locking mandrel 10; the lower cam sleeve 13 is sleeved outside the locking mandrel 10, and the lower cam sleeve 13 is positioned below the upper cam sleeve 12 and connected with the slips 11;
wherein, the lower end of the upper cam sleeve 12 is provided with an upper cam 121, and the lower end of the upper cam 121 is provided with an upper hook 122; the upper end of the lower cam sleeve 13 is provided with a lower cam 131, and the upper end of the lower cam 131 is provided with a lower hook 132 which can be meshed with the upper hook 122;
the upper cam 121 is further provided with a screwing inclined plane 1211 connected with the upper hook 122, the screwing inclined plane 1211 is positioned on the bottom surface of the upper cam 121, and the bottom end surface of the upper hook 122 is further provided with a shackle inclined plane 1221; the side surface of the lower cam 131 is also provided with a guide inclined surface 1311 which can be attached to the shackle inclined surface 1221, and the guide inclined surface 1311 obliquely extends to the lower part of the lower hook 132; the top end of the lower hook 132 has a screwing slope 1321 which is inclined towards both sides and can be locked with the screwing slope 1211 in one way and a shackle locking slope 1322 which can be locked with the shackle slope 1221 in one way.
The working principle of the casing running device in the embodiment is as follows: through the relative rotation of the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13, the upper cam sleeve 121 and the lower cam sleeve 131 are switched between a locking state and a releasing state; the method comprises the following steps:
in a locking state, the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 form an axial clamping connection through the occlusion of the upper clamping hook 122 and the lower clamping hook 132, the guide inclined surface 1311 is attached to the shackle inclined surface 1221, and the axial relative movement and the circumferential relative rotation can be realized under the action of external force; in addition, in the locking state, the slips 11 are in the state of minimum outer diameter, and the slip teeth on the slips 11 do not clamp the inner wall of the casing 3;
in a tripping state, the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 are relatively moved in the axial direction and relatively rotated in the circumferential direction, so that the upper hook 122 and the lower hook 132 are disengaged from the axial clamping, and the bottom surface of the upper cam 121 and the lower hook 132 form axial locking and circumferential one-way locking, that is, the upper hook 122 slides down along the guide inclined plane 1311 under the action of external force and is disengaged from the lower hook 132, the screwing inclined plane 1211 and the screwing locking inclined plane 1321 are unidirectionally locked by rotating in a first direction relative to the screwing locking inclined plane 1321, the unscrewing inclined plane 1221 and the unscrewing locking inclined plane 1322 are unidirectionally locked by rotating in a second direction relative to the unscrewing locking inclined plane 1322, the first direction is different from the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are clockwise direction or counterclockwise direction; in addition, in the tripped state, the slips 11 are expanded and have the largest outer diameter, and the slip teeth on the slips 11 are tightly clamped on the inner wall of the casing 3, so that the screwing operation or the unscrewing operation can be performed.
Further, the upper cam 121 and the screwing inclined surface 1211 are arc-shaped and extend along the circumferential direction of the upper cam sleeve 12, the screwing inclined surface 1211 gradually inclines downwards along the counterclockwise direction, the upper hook 122 is connected to the lowest end of the screwing inclined surface 1211, and the upper hook 122 is bent towards the inner side of the upper cam sleeve 12; the lower cam 131 is arc-shaped and extends along the circumferential direction of the lower cam sleeve 13, the guide slope 1311 is inclined upward from the bottom end of the lower cam 131 to the lower portion of the lower hook 132 in the counterclockwise direction, the twist lock slope 1321 is inclined downward from the top end of the lower hook 132 to the right, and the shackle lock slope 1322 is inclined downward from the top end of the lower hook 132 to the left.
Therefore, in the tripped state, the upper cam sleeve 12 slides down along the guiding inclined plane 1311 under the action of an external force downward in the axial direction, and the upper hooks 122 are disengaged from the lower hooks 132; after the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 are vertically separated, the upper cam sleeve 12 is rotated clockwise (the lower cam sleeve 13 is stationary), so that the turnbuckle locking inclined plane 1321 and the turnbuckle inclined plane 1211 are locked in a one-way mode, that is, the turnbuckle inclined plane 1211 is locked in a one-way mode by rotating clockwise relative to the turnbuckle locking inclined plane 1321, and the upper cam sleeve 12 is rotated clockwise (the lower cam sleeve 13 is stationary), so that the shackle locking inclined plane 1322 is locked in a one-way mode with the shackle inclined plane 1221, that is, the shackle inclined plane 1221 is locked in a one-way mode by rotating counterclockwise relative to the shackle locking inclined plane 1322.
In order to clearly understand the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects of the casing running device and method based on top drive operation according to the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Furthermore, while the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications, alternative constructions, and arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims. The use of the adjective or adverbial modifiers "horizontal" and "vertical", "upward" and "downward", or "clockwise" and "counterclockwise", herein, is also merely to facilitate relative reference between the groups of terms, and does not describe any particular directional limitation on the modified terms. Like parts are given like reference numerals.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a casing running device based on top drive operation, which is a fully mechanically driven casing running device, and includes two parts, namely a locking assembly 1 and a sealing assembly 2, wherein the locking assembly 1 is used for locking a casing 3 for casing running, and the sealing assembly 2 is used for sealing a mud circulation process.
The locking assembly 1 comprises a locking mandrel 10 with a central hole, an upper cam sleeve 12, a lower cam sleeve 13 and a slip 11, wherein the upper cam sleeve 12, the lower cam sleeve 13 and the slip 11 are sequentially sleeved outside the locking mandrel 10 from top to bottom, the outer wall surface of the slip 11 is provided with slip teeth, a taper buckle is processed at the upper end of the central hole of the locking mandrel 10, the locking mandrel 10 can be connected with a central pipe of a top drive through the taper buckle, and the central hole of the locking mandrel 10 is used as a mud circulation channel. The upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 are, for example, sleeve-shaped having a cutout (notch) in the lateral direction. A spring 14 is also pressed between the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13, and the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 are clamped in the axial direction through the spring 14.
The upper end of the locking mandrel 10 is further sleeved with an upper connecting sleeve 15, the upper connecting sleeve 15 is connected above the upper cam sleeve 12, the upper connecting sleeve 15 is connected with the locking mandrel 10 through splines, specifically, the lower end of the upper connecting sleeve 15 is provided with an annular inner boss and an annular outer boss, the annular inner boss is formed by inward extension of the inner wall of the upper connecting sleeve 15, the inner wall surface of the annular inner boss is provided with an inner spline, the outer wall of the locking mandrel 10 is provided with an outer spline corresponding to the inner spline, and the outer spline of the locking mandrel 10 is matched with the inner spline of the upper connecting sleeve 15 and used for transmitting torque; the annular outer boss is formed by extending the outer wall of the upper connecting sleeve 15 outwards; the spring 14 is sleeved outside the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13, and the spring 14 is compressed between the upper connecting sleeve 15 and the lower cam sleeve 13.
The upper cam sleeve 12 is sleeved outside the locking mandrel 10 and located below the upper connecting sleeve 15, the upper portion of the upper cam sleeve 12 is an annular sleeve body, the lower portion of the upper cam sleeve 12 is provided with two upper cams 121 extending downwards and extending along the circumferential direction, the upper cams 121 are arc-shaped, or the projections of the upper cams 121 in the horizontal direction are annular or arc-shaped, the two upper cams 121 are arranged at intervals through two upper notches, that is, the two upper cams 121 are arranged oppositely and at intervals; the lower ends of the two upper cams 121 are respectively provided with an upper hook 122, as shown in fig. 4, 5, and 6, the projection of the upper hook 122 in the lateral or main view direction is a hook, and the projection of the upper hook 122 in the horizontal direction is an arc, for example. Wherein:
spiral bevel 1211: the bottom surface of the upper cam 121 is a spiral-buckling inclined surface 1211, the spiral-buckling inclined surface 1211 is in an arc shape or has a horizontal projection in an annular shape, that is, the spiral-buckling inclined surface 1211 extends along the circumferential direction of the upper cam sleeve 12, and the spiral-buckling inclined surface 1211 gradually inclines downwards along the counterclockwise direction and is an inclined surface forming a certain inclination angle (greater than zero degrees) with the horizontal plane, so that the spiral-buckling inclined surface 1211 has a highest point and a lowest point, the distance between the highest point of the spiral-buckling inclined surface 1211 and the top end of the upper cam sleeve 12 is less than the distance between any other point on the spiral-buckling inclined surface 1211 and the top end of the upper cam sleeve 12, the distance between the lowest point of the spiral-buckling inclined surface 1211 and the top end of the upper cam sleeve 12 is greater than the distance between any other point on the spiral-buckling inclined surface 1211 and the top end of;
shackle slope 1221: the upper hook 122 is connected to the lowest end of the unscrewing inclined plane 1211, and is formed by bending one end of the lowest point of the unscrewing inclined plane 1211 towards the inner side of the upper cam sleeve 12 and extending towards the obliquely upper side, the unscrewing inclined plane 1221 is positioned on the outer side of the upper hook 122, the unscrewing inclined plane 1221 extends from the lowest point of the unscrewing inclined plane 1211 towards the obliquely upper side of the inner side of the upper cam sleeve 12, namely the unscrewing inclined plane 1221 is consistent with the extending direction of the upper hook 122, and when the upper cam sleeve 12 rotates towards the counterclockwise direction, the unscrewing inclined plane 1221 can be used for locking the lower cam sleeve 13;
upper hook inner side 1222: the inner side of the upper hook 122 is opposite to the shackle slope 1221, i.e. the inner side 1222 and the shackle slope 1221 of the upper hook are respectively located at the inner and outer sides of the upper hook 122.
The lower cam sleeve 13 is sleeved outside the locking mandrel 10 and located below the upper cam sleeve 12, the lower portion of the lower cam sleeve 13 is an annular sleeve body, the upper portion of the lower cam sleeve 13 is provided with two lower cams 131 which extend upwards and extend along the circumferential direction, the projection of the lower cams 131 in the horizontal direction is annular or arc-shaped, the two lower cams 131 are arranged at intervals through two lower gaps, namely the two lower cams 131 are arranged oppositely and at intervals, the two lower cams 131 can correspondingly extend into the upper gaps between the two upper cams 121, the two upper cams 121 can correspondingly extend into the lower gaps between the two lower cams 131, and both the left side and the right side of the lower cams 131 are inclined planes in a main view, so that the main view of the lower cams 131 is in a trapezoid shape; the upper ends of the two lower cams 131 are respectively provided with a lower hook 132, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the projection of the lower hook 132 in the lateral direction or the main viewing direction is a barb, as shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, the projection of the lower hook 132 in the horizontal direction is, for example, an arc, and when the lower cam 131 extends between the two upper cams 121, the two upper hooks 122 arranged on the upper cam 121 are correspondingly engaged with the two lower hooks 132 arranged on the lower cam 131 to form a snap-fit (locked state); the upper cam 121 is rotated relative to the lower cam 131, so that the lower hook 132 is locked to the bottom surface of the first upper cam 121, or the lower hook 132 is locked to the bottom surface of the second upper cam 121 (released state). Wherein:
lower hook inner side surface 1323: the inner side surface 1222 of the upper hook is attached to the inner side surface 1323 of the lower hook 132 when the upper hook 122 is engaged with the lower hook 132, i.e. the upper hook 122 is engaged with the lower hook 132 through inner engagement;
guide slope 1311: the top surface of the lower cam 131 is provided with a guide inclined surface 1311, the guide inclined surface 1311 is adjacent to the outer wall surface of the lower cam 131 and is perpendicular to each other, the guide inclined surface 1311 is inclined upwards from the bottom end of the lower cam 131 to the lower portion of the lower hook 132 in the counterclockwise direction, or the guide inclined surface 1311 is inclined upwards from the top surface of the annular sleeve body of the lower cam sleeve 13 to the right (inclined upwards in the counterclockwise direction), when the upper hook 122 is engaged with the lower hook 132, the guide inclined surface 1311 is attached to the shackle inclined surface 1221, when the lower cam sleeve 12 is pressed, the upper hook 122 can slide downwards along the guide inclined surface 1311, and the upper cam sleeve 12 rotates in the clockwise direction at the same time, so that the upper hook 122 is disengaged from the lower hook 132, and the guide inclined surface 1311 provides a guide for the upper hook 122 to be;
thread locking ramp 1321 and shackle locking ramp 1322: the lower hook 132 is arranged at the top end of the lower cam 131, both sides of the top end of the lower hook 132 are correspondingly provided with a screwing locking inclined plane 1321 and a unscrewing locking inclined plane 1322, the screwing locking inclined plane 1321 and the unscrewing locking inclined plane 1322 are intersected at the highest point of the lower hook 132 and are respectively inclined or extended towards both sides from the highest point of the lower hook 132, or the screwing locking inclined plane 1321 and the unscrewing locking inclined plane 1322 are respectively inclined and extended towards the right inclined lower side and the left inclined lower side from the top end of the lower hook 132; the unscrewing inclined plane 1221 is arranged opposite to the inner side surface 1323 of the lower hook, the screwing inclined plane 1211 and the unscrewing inclined plane 1221 can be correspondingly matched and locked with the unscrewing locking inclined plane 1321 and the unscrewing locking inclined plane 1322 to enable the upper cam sleeve 12 to lock the lower cam sleeve 13, specifically, the lower cam sleeve 13 is fixed, when the upper cam sleeve 12 rotates clockwise, the unscrewing inclined plane 1211 can be matched and locked with the screwing locking inclined plane 1321 of the lower hook 132 to perform screwing operation, wherein if the inclination angle of the unscrewing inclined plane 1211 relative to the horizontal plane is the same as the inclination angle of the screwing locking inclined plane 1321 relative to the horizontal plane, the screwing inclined plane 1211 and the screwing locking inclined plane 1321 are in surface contact when locked, if the inclination angle of the screwing inclined plane 1211 relative to the horizontal plane is different from the inclination angle of the screwing locking inclined plane 1321 relative to the horizontal plane, the screwing inclined plane 1211 and the screwing locking inclined plane 1321 are in line contact when locked, in implementation, the; when the upper cam sleeve 12 rotates counterclockwise, the shackle slope 1221 can be engaged with and locked by the shackle locking slope 1322 of the lower hook 132 to perform a shackle operation, in other words, the shackle locking slope 1321 of the lower hook 132 and the shackle slope 1211 of the upper hook 122, and the shackle locking slope 1322 of the lower hook 132 and the shackle slope 1221 of the upper cam 121 are locked by external engagement.
Threading guide ramp 1324: the thread-turning guiding inclined plane 1324 is disposed on the top side surface of the lower hook 132, and is adjacent to the thread-turning locking inclined plane 1321, and as seen in fig. 3, the thread-turning guiding inclined plane 1324 is located on the right side of the thread-turning locking inclined plane 1321, and the thread-turning guiding inclined plane 1324 is inclined or extended obliquely downward to the right from the connection with the thread-turning locking inclined plane 1321, so that when the thread-turning operation is performed, a guiding function is provided, that is, when the upper cam sleeve 12 is rotated clockwise, the guiding function is provided for the thread-turning inclined plane 1211, so as to guide the thread-turning inclined plane 1211 to be matched with the thread-turning.
As shown in fig. 1, the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 are both sleeved outside the locking mandrel 10, the upper cam sleeve 12 is connected with the locking mandrel 10, for example, the inner wall of the upper cam sleeve 12 is provided with internal threads, the locking mandrel 10 is correspondingly provided with external threads, and the upper cam sleeve 12 is screwed with the locking mandrel 10; the upper connecting sleeve 15 is fixedly connected above the upper cam sleeve 12; an outer sleeve 16 is further sleeved outside the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13, the upper end of the outer sleeve 16 is connected with the upper connecting sleeve 15, namely, the upper end of the outer sleeve 16 extends inwards to form an annular stop part, the top end of the annular stop part abuts against an annular outer boss of the upper connecting sleeve 15 and is fixedly connected with the annular outer boss through a bolt, and the inner wall of the annular stop part abuts against the outer wall of the upper cam sleeve 12, so that a spring groove capable of containing a spring 14 is formed between the outer sleeve 16 and the upper cam sleeve 12 and between the outer sleeve 16 and the lower cam sleeve; in addition, the outer part of the outer sleeve 16 is sleeved with a blocking ring 17, the blocking ring 17 is in a groove shape, the spring 14 abuts against and is tightly pressed between the annular stopping part of the outer sleeve 16 and the blocking ring 17, the outer edge of the blocking ring 17 is in an annular shape and is coated outside the outer sleeve 16, and the blocking ring 17 can be fixed below the lower cam sleeve 13 by adopting screws. The spring 14 is sleeved outside the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13, when the upper hook 122 is engaged with the lower hook 132, the spring 14 is in a compressed state, and the upper hook 122 and the lower hook 132 are in a clenched and clamped state through the pushing action of the restoring force of the spring 14, and when the upper hook 122 and the lower hook 132 are disengaged from the clenched state, the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 are disengaged from the axial clamping by overcoming the restoring force of the spring 14.
As shown in fig. 1, the outer wall of the lower end of the locking core shaft 10 has a tapered outer wall surface, and the outer diameter of the upper end of the tapered outer wall surface is smaller than that of the lower end, namely, the outer diameter of the conical outer wall surface is gradually increased from top to bottom, a slip seat 111 is sleeved between the conical outer wall surface of the locking mandrel 10 and the slip 11, the slip seat 111 is fixedly connected with the slip 11, the slips 11 and the slip bowl 111 can be fixed together by screws in the radial direction, the inner wall of the slip bowl 111 is provided with a conical inner wall surface corresponding to the conical outer wall surface of the locking mandrel 10, and the inner diameter of the upper end of the conical inner wall surface is smaller than that of the lower end, i.e., the inner diameter of the tapered inner wall surface gradually increases from the top to the bottom to match with the tapered outer wall surface, in the present embodiment, the tapered outer wall surface of the locking spindle 10 has 3, and arranged along the axial direction of the locking mandrel 10, correspondingly, the conical inner wall surfaces of the slips 11 are also 3 and are matched with the conical outer wall surfaces in a one-to-one correspondence mode. When the locking mandrel 10 moves upward, the lower end (the end having the larger outer diameter) of the tapered outer wall surface gradually approaches the upper end (the end having the smaller inner diameter) of the tapered inner wall surface, thereby expanding the slips 11.
Preferably, the taper of the tapered outer wall surface and the tapered inner wall surface is 1: 3.
the slip seat 111 is further connected with a slip sleeve 112 sleeved outside the locking mandrel 10, the lower end of the slip sleeve 112 is provided with a step (recessed inwards) formed by reducing the diameter, the slip seat retaining ring 113 abuts against the lower end of the step, the slip seat retaining ring 113 and the slip sleeve 112 are fixed together by screws in the radial direction, the top of the slip seat 111 protrudes upwards to form a fixing plate 1111 which can be an annular fixing plate, the fixing plate 1111 extends into and is fixed between the slip sleeve 112 and the slip seat retaining ring 113, specifically, the slip seat retaining ring 113 serves as a baffle plate, the radial displacement of the fixing plate 1111 of the slip seat 111 is limited, the axial displacement of the fixing plate 1111 is limited by a mechanical structure, and thus the fixing plate 1111 can be fixed; the slip sleeve 112 is connected below the lower cam sleeve 13, and the upper end of the slip sleeve 112 is fixedly connected with the lower cam sleeve 13 and the stop ring 17, for example, the stop ring 17, the slip sleeve 112, and the lower cam sleeve 13 may be sequentially fixed by a socket head cap screw.
As shown in fig. 2 to 6, by pressing down, lifting up, and rotating the top drive, the positional relationship between the upper cam housing 12 and the lower cam housing 13 changes as follows:
(1) in an initial state, the spring 14 is in a compressed state, under the pushing action of the restoring force of the spring 14, the upper hook 122 and the lower hook 132 are occluded and clamped together, the shackle slope 1221 is attached to the guide slope 1311, the inner side surface 1222 of the upper hook is attached to the inner side surface 1323 of the lower hook, the overall height of the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 is the minimum, as shown in fig. 2, the locking mandrel 10 is completely matched with the slip seat 111, and the outer diameter of the slip 11 is the minimum;
(2) when the top driver is pressed down, the locking core shaft 10 drives the upper cam sleeve 12 to move downward along the axial direction, the upper hook 122 slides downward along the guiding inclined plane 1311, and simultaneously the upper cam 121 and the lower cam 131 rotate in the direction away from each other, so that the upper hook 122 and the lower hook 132 are disengaged, as shown in fig. 3;
(3) lifting the top drive upwards, separating the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 from each other vertically, driving the locking mandrel 10 to move upwards by the top drive, expanding the conical inner wall surface of the slip seat 111 by the conical outer wall surface of the locking mandrel 10, and enabling the slip 11 to protrude outwards, and enabling the slip teeth to bite (clamp) the inner wall of the sleeve 3;
(4) then, the top driver is rotated clockwise, the locking mandrel 10 drives the upper cam sleeve 12 to rotate clockwise, the turnbuckle inclined plane 1211 of the upper cam 121 is clamped with the turnbuckle locking inclined plane 1321 of the lower hook 132, the top driver is rotated clockwise continuously until the upper cam sleeve 12 cannot rotate, at this time, the turnbuckle inclined plane 1211 and the turnbuckle locking inclined plane 1321 are mechanically locked (or jammed), the turnbuckle inclined plane 1211 and the turnbuckle locking inclined plane 1321 are in a mutual extrusion relationship, namely, the turnbuckle inclined plane 1211 and the turnbuckle locking inclined plane 1321 mutually apply pressure, the lower hook 132 and the upper cam 121 are locked together through external clamping, as shown in fig. 4, the locking mandrel 10, the slips 11 and the sleeve 3 are locked together, so that the locking mandrel 10, the slips 11 and the sleeve 3 can rotate synchronously along the circumferential direction when the top driver rotates clockwise, and the turnbuckle operation is realized;
(5) if the thread-breaking operation is required, the top driver is rotated counterclockwise, the locking mandrel 10 drives the upper cam sleeve 12 to rotate counterclockwise, after the thread-turning inclined plane 1211 and the thread-turning locking inclined plane 1321 are disengaged from each other, the thread-breaking inclined plane 1221 of the upper cam 121 and the thread-breaking locking inclined plane 1322 of the lower cam 131 are engaged with each other, the top driver continues to rotate counterclockwise until the upper cam sleeve 12 cannot rotate, at this time, the thread-breaking inclined plane 1221 and the thread-breaking locking inclined plane 1322 are mechanically locked (or jammed), the mutual extrusion relationship is formed between the thread-breaking inclined plane 1221 and the thread-breaking locking inclined plane 1322, that is, pressure is applied between the thread-breaking inclined plane 1221 and the thread-breaking locking inclined plane, the lower hook 132 and the upper hook 122 are locked together through external clamping, as shown in fig. 5, and then the locking mandrel 10, the locking slip 11 and the sleeve 3 are locked together, so that the slip can rotate synchronously in the circumferential direction when;
(6) finally, the upper cam sleeve 12 is slowly rotated reversely and lowered, the upper hooks 122 and the lower hooks 132 are engaged again, as shown in fig. 6, the spring 14 is in a compressed state again, the locking mandrel 10 is completely matched with the slip seat 111, the outer diameter of the slip 11 returns to a minimum state, and the slip teeth are disengaged from the inner wall of the sleeve 3.
As shown in fig. 1, the casing running device of the present invention further includes a sealing assembly 2 connected below the locking assembly 1, the sealing assembly 2 includes a sealing mandrel 20 connected below the locking mandrel 10, a sealing rubber plug 23 and a rubber plug fixing sleeve 24 sleeved outside the sealing mandrel 20, wherein the sealing mandrel 20 is communicated with a central hole of the locking mandrel 10, the two are coaxial and the diameter of the central hole is the same, the sealing mandrel 20 and the locking mandrel 10 are, for example, connected together by threads, and a fixing ring 21 is sleeved outside the connection between the sealing mandrel 20 and the locking mandrel 10.
The sealing rubber plug 23 is sleeved outside the sealing mandrel 20, the blocking ring 22 abuts against the upper portion of the sealing rubber plug 23, the blocking ring 22 is sleeved outside the sealing mandrel 20 and abuts against the lower portion of the annular boss on the outer wall of the sealing mandrel 20, the rubber plug fixing sleeve 24 is sleeved outside the sealing mandrel 20 and located below the sealing rubber plug 23, and the rubber plug fixing sleeve 24 is in threaded connection with the sealing mandrel 20 and used for fixing the sealing rubber plug 23 located above the rubber plug fixing sleeve 24.
When the casing 3 is lowered, the protection joint 4 is needed to be used, as shown in fig. 7, the inner cavity of the protection joint 4 is divided into an upper seating hole 42 at the upper part and a lower seating hole 43 at the lower part by a partition plate 41, and the upper seating hole 42 and the lower seating hole 43 are respectively used for seating two casings to be screwed.
The invention also provides a casing running method based on top drive operation, which comprises the following steps:
step A, locking operation: the top drive is lowered until the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 form axial clamping connection;
step B, tripping operation: after the step A, the top drive is continuously lowered, so that the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 are separated from the clamping connection in the axial direction through the relative movement in the axial direction and the relative rotation in the circumferential direction; lifting the top drive upwards to separate the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 from each other up and down, and expanding the slips 11 and clamping the casing 3; rotating the top drive to enable the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 to form axial locking and circumferential one-way locking;
and C: the rotation of the sleeve 3 is realized by continuing to rotate the top drive.
In the locking operation, the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 are axially locked by the engagement of the upper hook 122 of the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower hook 132 of the lower cam sleeve 13.
In addition, in the tripping operation, the upper cam sleeve 12 is moved downward in the axial direction against the restoring force of the spring 14 by continuing to lower the top drive, and at the same time, the upper hooks 122 slide down along the guide slopes of the lower cams 131, and the upper cam sleeve 12 rotates relative to the lower cam sleeve 13, so that the upper hooks 122 disengage from the lower hooks 132.
Further, in the tripping operation, after the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 are separated up and down, if the top drive is rotated in the first direction, the unscrewing inclined surface 1211 of the upper cam 121 and the unscrewing locking inclined surface 1321 of the lower hook 132 are locked, and the top drive is continuously rotated in the first direction, so that the screwing operation on the sleeve 3 is realized; if the top drive is rotated in the second direction, the shackle inclined surface 1221 of the upper hook 122 and the shackle locking inclined surface 1322 of the lower hook 132 are locked, and the top drive is rotated in the second direction continuously to realize the shackle operation of the casing 3, wherein the first direction is different from the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are clockwise or counterclockwise.
In addition, the casing running method also comprises a step D of disengaging the casing running device: after the screwing operation or the unscrewing operation, the top drive is reversely rotated and lowered until the lower casing device and the casing 3 rotate relatively, the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 are occluded and locked again, the outer diameter of the slip 11 is at the minimum state at the moment, and the lower casing device can be separated from the casing 3 by lifting the top drive.
The specific operation steps for lowering a casing using the casing setting device of the present invention are described in detail below:
step 1: the sleeve is seated. The lower landing hole 43 of the protection joint 4 is landed on the coupling of the wellhead clamping casing 5, the casing 3 is suspended to the wellhead by an elevator in a conventional operation mode, and the casing 3 is lowered into the upper landing hole 42 of the protection joint 4 until the lower end face of the thread of the casing 3 contacts the partition plate 41 of the protection joint 4.
Step 2: and (5) setting the casing running device based on the top drive operation. Connecting the locking mandrel 10 and a central pipe of the top drive together by screw threads, lowering the top drive, inserting the sealing assembly 2 of the casing setting device into the casing 3, and continuing to lower the top drive until the stop ring 17 is contacted with the upper end face of the coupling of the casing 3; at this time, the upper hooks 122 and the lower hooks 132 are engaged together, and the outer diameter of the slip 11 is at a minimum.
And step 3: and (5) screwing. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(a) the top drive is continued to be lowered until the outer sleeve 16 and the blocking ring 17 do not move relatively, in the process, the upper hooks 122 slide down along the guide inclined planes 1311 of the lower hooks 132, meanwhile, the springs 14 are compressed, when the outer sleeve 16 and the blocking ring 17 do not move relatively, the upper hooks 122 are described to slide down to the bottom ends of the guide inclined planes 1311, and the upper hooks 122 are disengaged from the lower hooks 132;
(b) lifting the top drive, moving the locking mandrel 10 and the upper cam sleeve 12 upwards, moving the locking mandrel 10 upwards relative to the slip seat 111, expanding the slip 11, and making the slip teeth outwards protrude and clamp the inner wall of the casing 3 so that the casing 3 is fixed outside the slip 11; when the locking mandrel 10 cannot move upwards continuously under the limitation of the conical outer wall surface, the upper cam sleeve 12 also moves upwards just to be separated from the lower cam sleeve 13 up and down, namely the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 are unlocked (the locking state is released);
(c) the top drive rotates clockwise, the upper cam sleeve 12 also rotates clockwise until the turn-buckle inclined plane 1211 and the turn-buckle locking inclined plane 1321 are mechanically locked, and the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 are also locked together;
(d) lifting the top drive and the sleeve 3, and taking out the protective joint 4;
(e) the top drive and the casing 3 are transferred, the top drive is rotated clockwise continuously, and the casing 3 and the wellhead clamping casing 5 can be screwed and fastened, so that the screwing operation is completed.
And 4, step 4: and (5) casing running operation. After the casing 3 and the wellhead clamping casing 5 are screwed, slurry is circulated, a power slip is loosened (the power slip is positioned at the wellhead and used for rotatably holding the casing which is put into the well), normal casing running operation is carried out, the casing 3 is put down to the wellhead, and the casing 3 is clamped by the power slip.
If the shackle operation is needed, for example, the casing 3 needs to be lifted when the casing cannot be lowered to the designed position due to blockage, and the shackle is needed, the following steps 5 are continuously executed:
and 5: and (4) shackle operation. The top drive rotates anticlockwise, the upper cam sleeve 12 also rotates anticlockwise until the shackle slope 1221 and the shackle locking slope 1322 are mechanically locked, the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 are also locked together, the top drive rotates anticlockwise continuously, and the casing 3 and the wellhead clamping casing 5 can be unscrewed, so that the unscrewing operation is completed.
Step 6: and (5) separating the pipe column for operation. And (3) reversely and slowly rotating and lowering the top drive until the relative rotation position of the casing lowering tool and the casing 3 occurs, returning the conical outer wall surface of the locking mandrel 10 and the conical inner wall surface of the slip seat 111 to the initial matching state, keeping the outer diameter of the slip 11 at the minimum state, separating the slip teeth from clamping the inner wall of the casing 3, lifting the top drive, re-engaging the upper hook 122 and the lower hook 132 together, and returning the upper cam sleeve 12 and the lower cam sleeve 13 to the initial locking state.
And 7: and repeating the steps until the operation is finished.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should be considered within the scope of the invention. It should be noted that the components of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned whole application, and various technical features described in the present specification can be selected to be used alone or in combination according to actual needs, so that the present invention naturally covers other combinations and specific applications related to the invention.
Claims (18)
1. A casing running device based on top drive operation, the casing running device comprising a locking assembly, the locking assembly comprising:
a locking mandrel having a central hole running through in an axial direction;
the slip is sleeved outside the locking mandrel, and a sleeve is sleeved outside the slip;
the upper cam sleeve is sleeved outside the locking mandrel;
the lower cam sleeve is sleeved outside the locking mandrel and is positioned below the upper cam sleeve and connected with the slips;
the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve rotate relatively to realize switching between a locking state and a releasing state;
in a locking state, the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are clamped in an axial direction and can realize relative movement in the axial direction and relative rotation in the circumferential direction under the action of external force;
in a tripping state, the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are separated from the axial clamping through axial relative movement and circumferential relative rotation to form axial locking and circumferential unidirectional locking, and the slip clamps the sleeve.
2. A lower casing pipe device based on top drive operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower end of the upper cam sleeve is provided with an upper cam, and the lower end of the upper cam is provided with an upper hook;
the upper end of the lower cam sleeve is provided with a lower cam, and the upper end of the lower cam is provided with a lower clamping hook capable of being meshed with the upper clamping hook;
in a locking state, the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve form axial clamping connection through the occlusion of the upper clamping hook and the lower clamping hook;
in a tripping state, the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are relatively moved in the axial direction and relatively rotated in the circumferential direction, so that the upper hook and the lower hook are separated from occlusion, and the bottom surface of the upper cam and the lower hook form axial locking and circumferential one-way locking.
3. The top drive based casing running device of claim 2, wherein the upper cam is further provided with a screwing inclined surface connected with the upper hook, the screwing inclined surface is positioned on the bottom surface of the upper cam, and the bottom end surface of the upper hook is further provided with a tripping inclined surface;
the top surface of the lower cam is also provided with a guide inclined plane which extends to the lower part of the lower clamping hook in an inclined way; the top end of the lower clamping hook is provided with a spinner locking inclined plane which is inclined towards two sides and can be unidirectionally locked with the spinner inclined plane and a shackle locking inclined plane which can be unidirectionally locked with the shackle inclined plane;
in a locking state, the upper clamping hook is meshed with the lower clamping hook, and the guide inclined plane is attached to the shackle inclined plane;
at the dropout state, go up the pothook and follow under the exogenic action direction inclined plane gliding, with the pothook breaks away from the interlock down, the spiral shell inclined plane through for spiral shell locking inclined plane to first direction rotatory with spiral shell locking inclined plane one-way lock is died, the inclined plane of breaking out through for break out locking inclined plane to second direction rotatory with break out locking inclined plane one-way lock is died, first direction with the second direction is different, just the first direction is clockwise, the second direction is anticlockwise, or the first direction is anticlockwise, the second direction is clockwise.
4. The top drive based casing running device of claim 3, wherein the upper cam and the latch ramp are curved and extend in a circumferential direction of the upper cam sleeve, the latch ramp is inclined downward in a counterclockwise direction, the upper hook is connected to a lowest end of the latch ramp, and the upper hook is bent inward of the upper cam sleeve;
the lower cam is the arc, and follows the circumferencial direction of lower cam cover extends, the direction inclined plane by lower cam bottom is along anticlockwise slant tilt up to lower pothook lower part, the spiral shell locking inclined plane by lower pothook top is the slope of below slope to the right side, the spiral shell locking inclined plane by lower pothook top is the slope of below slope to the left side.
5. The top drive operation based casing running device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the upper cams are two and are spaced apart by two upper breaks, and the lower cams are two and are spaced apart by two lower breaks;
in a locking state, the lower cam extends into an upper opening between the two upper cams, the upper cams extend into a lower opening between the two lower cams, and the two upper clamping hooks arranged on the upper cam are correspondingly meshed with the two lower clamping hooks arranged on the lower cams;
in a tripping state, the upper cam rotates relative to the lower cam to enable the lower hook to be locked with the bottom surface of the first upper cam, or the lower hook to be locked with the bottom surface of the second upper cam.
6. A top drive based casing running arrangement according to claim 3, wherein a spring is compressed between the upper and lower cam sleeves;
in the lock catch state, the spring is in a compression state, and the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are connected in an axially-upward mode through the spring.
7. The top drive operation-based casing running device according to claim 6, wherein an upper connecting sleeve is sleeved on the locking mandrel, the upper connecting sleeve is connected above the upper cam sleeve, the spring sleeve is arranged outside the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve, and the spring is compressed between the upper connecting sleeve and the lower cam sleeve.
8. The top drive based casing running device according to claim 7, wherein a slip seat is sleeved between the locking mandrel and the slip, the slip seat is fixedly connected with the slip, a slip sleeve is connected above the slip seat, the slip sleeve is connected below the lower cam sleeve, and the spring is compressed between the upper connecting sleeve and the slip sleeve.
9. The top drive based casing running device of claim 8, wherein the locking mandrel has a tapered outer wall surface at a lower end thereof, an outer diameter of the tapered outer wall surface gradually increases from top to bottom, the slip bowl has a tapered inner wall surface fitted to the tapered outer wall surface, and an inner diameter of the tapered inner wall surface gradually increases from top to bottom.
10. The top drive operation-based casing running device according to claim 8, wherein an outer casing is sleeved outside the spring, a blocking ring is sleeved outside the outer casing, the upper end of the outer casing is connected with the upper connecting sleeve, the blocking ring is in a groove shape, the spring is tightly pressed between the outer casing and the blocking ring, the slip sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are fixedly connected.
11. A top drive operation based casing running apparatus as claimed in claim 10 further comprising a top drive, the upper end of the locking mandrel being connected to the top drive.
12. The top drive based casing running apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a seal assembly disposed below the locking assembly, the seal assembly comprising:
the sealing mandrel is connected below the locking mandrel, and a central hole of the sealing mandrel is communicated with a central hole of the locking mandrel;
and the sealing rubber plug is sleeved outside the sealing mandrel.
13. A casing running method based on top drive operation, wherein the casing running method based on top drive operation adopts the casing running device based on top drive operation according to claim 12, and the casing running method comprises the following steps:
step A, locking operation: the top drive is lowered until the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve form axial clamping connection;
step B, tripping operation: after the step A, the top drive is continuously lowered, so that the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are separated from the clamping connection in the axial direction through the relative movement in the axial direction and the relative rotation in the circumferential direction; lifting the top drive upwards to separate the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve from each other, and expanding and clamping the casing pipe by the slips; rotating the top drive to enable the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve to form axial locking and circumferential one-way locking;
and C, continuously rotating the top drive to realize the rotation of the sleeve.
14. The top drive based casing running method of claim 13, wherein the upper cam housing and the lower cam housing are axially engaged by engaging an upper hook of the upper cam housing with a lower hook of the lower cam housing during the locking operation.
15. The top drive based casing running method of claim 13, wherein in the tripping operation, the top drive is further lowered to move the upper cam sleeve axially downward against the restoring force of the spring, and the upper hook slides down the guide slope of the lower cam, the upper cam sleeve rotates relative to the lower cam sleeve, and the upper hook disengages from the lower hook.
16. The casing running method based on the top drive operation as claimed in claim 13, wherein after the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are separated from each other up and down, if the top drive is rotated in the first direction, the screwing inclined plane of the upper cam and the screwing locking inclined plane of the lower hook are locked, and the top drive is rotated in the first direction continuously to realize the screwing operation of the casing; if drive to the rotatory top of second direction, the lock of the locking inclined plane of the shackle locking inclined plane of going up the pothook mutually dies with the shackle of lower pothook, continues to drive to the rotatory top of second direction, realizes the sheathed tube operation of breaking out, wherein, first direction and second direction are different, just first direction is clockwise, the second direction is anticlockwise, or first direction is anticlockwise, the second direction is clockwise.
17. A casing running method based on a top drive operation according to claim 16, wherein the casing running method further comprises:
step D, the casing device is separated from operation: after the screwing operation or the unscrewing operation, the top drive is rotated reversely and lowered until the lower casing device and the casing rotate relatively, the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are meshed and locked again, the outer diameter of the slip is at the minimum state at the moment, and the lower casing device can be separated from the casing by lifting the top drive.
18. A casing running method based on a top drive operation according to claim 13, wherein the casing running method comprises the following steps:
step S1: firstly, a lower seating hole of a protective joint is seated on a coupling of a wellhead clamping sleeve;
step S2: then suspending the casing to a wellhead through an elevator, and lowering the casing into an upper seating hole of the protective joint until the lower end face of the thread of the casing contacts with a partition plate of the protective joint;
step S3: then, a top drive is lowered, and a sealing assembly of the casing running device is inserted into an inner hole of the casing until a stop ring is contacted with the upper end face of the coupling of the casing; at the moment, the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are meshed through an upper clamping hook of the upper cam sleeve and a lower clamping hook of the lower cam sleeve to realize initial locking;
step S4: continuing to lower the top drive until the outer sleeve and the stop ring do not move relatively;
step S5: then, the top drive is lifted, and the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve are separated up and down to realize unlocking;
step S6: then, the top driver is rotated clockwise until the turnbuckle inclined plane and the turnbuckle locking inclined plane are mechanically locked, and the slip teeth of the slip are clamped on the inner wall of the sleeve;
step S7: then the top drive and the sleeve are lifted up, and the protective joint is taken out;
step S8: then, the top drive and the casing are lowered, and the top drive and the casing are screwed and fastened with the wellhead clamping casing;
step S9: then, loosening the power slip through circulating the slurry, and running the casing;
step S10: placing the casing down to a wellhead, and clamping the casing by a power slip;
step S11: then slowly rotating in the reverse direction and lowering the top drive until the casing running device and the casing rotate relatively;
step S12: then, the top drive is lifted upwards, and the upper cam sleeve and the lower cam sleeve return to the initial locking state;
step S13: the steps S4 to S12 are repeated until the job is finished.
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| CN201410475177.7A CN104234627B (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2014-09-17 | Casing pipe running device and the method for operation is driven based on top |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410475177.7A CN104234627B (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2014-09-17 | Casing pipe running device and the method for operation is driven based on top |
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| CN104234627A CN104234627A (en) | 2014-12-24 |
| CN104234627B true CN104234627B (en) | 2016-08-17 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107044260A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-08-15 | 西南石油大学 | Drive casing appliances in a kind of screw drive fully mechanical top |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104929521B (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2017-04-26 | 四川宏华石油设备有限公司 | Top drive lower sleeve device |
| CN108316883B (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2020-04-14 | 新疆如通石油技术服务有限公司 | Automatic mud filling tool |
| CN106761411B (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2018-10-16 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of motor-driven top drive casing appliances |
| CN106761412B (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2018-11-02 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of inner support external clamping top drive casing appliances of annular hydraulic cylinder driving |
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| US3827489A (en) * | 1973-04-25 | 1974-08-06 | Gowen H Mc | Apparatus for installing and removing flow valves |
| JP2815085B2 (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1998-10-27 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Bucket self-elevating drilling rig |
| US5704437A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1998-01-06 | Directional Recovery Systems Llc | Methods and apparatus for drilling holes laterally from a well |
| CN101487377B (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2011-09-07 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for top-driving casing job of drilling apparatus |
| CN201372722Y (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2009-12-30 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Top drive casing running device |
| CN202249763U (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-05-30 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Inside clamping-type top driving device for run casing |
| CN103470185B (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2016-03-09 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of casing pipe running device and casing job technique |
| CN103437708B (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2016-04-06 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Casing driving head suitable for casing drilling |
| CN203729878U (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-07-23 | 彭广盛 | Mechanical top-drive casing running device |
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| CN107044260A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-08-15 | 西南石油大学 | Drive casing appliances in a kind of screw drive fully mechanical top |
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