A kind of vent valve surface laser strengthening stationary installation and laser-quenching method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to surface working and technical field of modification, relate to a kind of vent valve surface laser strengthening stationary installation and using method thereof.
Background technology
" 12 " period, China has higher requirement to military-civil engine, especially has higher requirement to the power of engine.Therefore, the cylinder diameter of engine needs to reduce, and the cylinder combustion explosion pressure of engine power density, motor speed and diesel engine then needs significantly to increase.Thus, the thermal load of the parts such as engine exhaust valve and exhaust valve seat and mechanical load will increase.
Vent valve is one of strength member in diesel motor, and it is in high-temperature fuel gas corrosion and change impacts working under load repeatedly for a long time, and working conditions is very severe.Along with the raising of engine total power and power density, fuel gas temperature is up to about 600 ~ 900 DEG C, vent valve is not only subject to the combined action of thermal stresses and high-temperature fuel gas dielectric corrosion, and vent valve is subject to the impact repeated load that caused by mass force and spring-force driven dual, these shock loads reach as high as tens thousand of newton, thus make the unrelieved stress of the vent valve conical surface and end reach thousands of MPa.Under this extreme operating condition condition, there is heavy wear in vent valve, and cause the generation of gas-blowing phenomenon, reliability is poor, cannot meet full phase in the longevity high loading service demand of high-power engine.The laser surface hardening technology applied research of the exhaust valve sealing conical surface is carried out in active demand, to increase substantially the high temperature wear resistant performance of key part, heat-resistant anti-fatigue performance and high-temperature corrosion resistance performance, thus improves work-ing life and the reliability of engine.
At present, the vent valve conical surface surface strengthening technology both at home and abroad for high-power engine has carried out lot of experiments, but less for the through engineering approaches applied research of this technology.This is mainly due to when carrying out laser surface hardening technology, very difficult to fixing of vent valve.If fix loosely, laser beam can be irradiated to the position not needing to strengthen, thus whole vent valve is scrapped, and causes very large financial loss.Therefore, urgently seek a kind of stationary installation, carry out in the process of surface strengthening in employing laser quenching technology to vent valve conical surface surface, vent valve is made to be fixed on this device, and in company with this device synchronous axial system, and laser beam remains motionless, will avoid like this because vent valve fixes loosely brought unnecessary loss.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is the vent valve surface laser strengthening stationary installation providing a kind of structure simple, easy to operate for the above-mentioned state of the art, not only fixedly securing vent valve can be realized, and control accurately, good strengthening effect can be obtained.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention is the laser-quenching method providing a kind of above-mentioned vent valve surface laser strengthening stationary installation for the above-mentioned state of the art, have easy to operate, control accurate feature, can fixedly securing vent valve be realized, obtain good strengthening effect.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that above-mentioned first technical problem adopt: a kind of vent valve surface laser strengthening stationary installation, comprise anchor, it is characterized in that: described anchor is provided with a mount pad, mount pad is fixed on anchor by regulating mechanism also can do front and back certain angle oscillation adjustment, mount pad is coaxially arranged with from top to bottom the ejector pin component for fixing vent valve, for the copper billet dispelled the heat, the motor of thread jaw chuck and vernier angle, thread jaw chuck and motor are separately positioned on the two ends up and down of mount pad, ejector pin component is arranged on the top of thread jaw chuck by inverse-U-shape rack, the output shaft of motor is connected with the bottom of thread jaw chuck through the centre hole of mount pad, copper billet is fixed on thread jaw chuck and also can rotates with thread jaw chuck under the driving of motor, the conical surface end of vent valve is arranged on copper billet, the stock end of vent valve is fixed by ejector pin component.
As improvement, described anchor is a cross section is tetragonal metal frame, and mount pad is the salver of a circle, and the external diameter of mount pad is less than the framework internal diameter of anchor.
As improvement, described regulating mechanism comprises two regulating shafts in left and right and supporting bearing support, regulating shaft is horizontally installed on the two ends, left and right, below of mount pad respectively, the outer end of regulating shaft to be arranged on anchor by bearing support is rotating and is fixed by semicircular bearing housing, and the inner end of regulating shaft and the bottom of mount pad are bolted fixing.
As improvement, lower end and the mount pad of the left and right vertical rod of described inverse-U-shape rack are bolted to connection, upper end and the cross bar of left and right vertical rod are bolted to connection, the metal sleeve that described ejector pin component comprises thimble and plants for thimble, metal sleeve is longitudinally arranged in the middle part of cross bar, the lower end of metal sleeve is spacing is provided with the circular cone offseted with the stock end of vent valve, is provided with spring between thimble and circular cone.
Improve, described circular cone is block rubber again, is provided with the handle for regulating fixing vent valve dynamics on the top of thimble.
Improve again, described copper billet is the T-shaped circular block in vertical section, the lower end of copper billet is fixed on thread jaw chuck, and the upper surface middle part of copper billet is provided with the detent supplying the conical surface end of vent valve to insert, and is provided with the projection corresponding with thimble position in the central position of detent.
Improve, the speed adjustment scope of described motor is 0 ~ 100r/min again.
Further improvement, the pendulum angle regulation range of described mount pad is ± 60 degree.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that above-mentioned second technical problem adopt: a kind of laser-quenching method of above-mentioned vent valve surface laser strengthening stationary installation, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) pre-treatment is carried out on the surface of the conical surface end of vent valve to be fortified;
2) above-mentioned pretreated vent valve is put into process furnace and carry out preheating, make its temperature to 190 ~ 210 DEG C;
3) heat transmission copper billet is fixed on thread jaw chuck, then the vent valve after preheating is fixed on copper billet, withstand the stock end of vent valve simultaneously by ejector pin component;
4) connect motor switch, make it drive thread jaw chuck, copper billet and vent valve to rotate simultaneously, and adjust its rotating speed according to practical situation;
5) open laser, set each processing parameter, by laser radiation in vent valve position to be fortified, start to strengthen;
6) observe laser radiation whether to have at " dead angle ", if having, the angle of adjustment regulating shaft;
7) after strengthening terminates, first turn off motor power, after it stops, taking off vent valve;
8) vent valve after strengthening is carried out air cooling to room temperature.
As preferably, the speed adjustment scope of described motor is 0 ~ 100r/min, and the pendulum angle of described regulating shaft is ± 60 degree.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: on anchor, arrange mount pad, the parts such as motor, thread jaw chuck are all arranged on mount pad, and copper billet is fixed on thread jaw chuck, play thermolysis, during work, the conical surface end of vent valve is arranged on copper billet, and the stock valve end of vent valve is fixed by thimble, mount pad can swing by regulating shaft and bearing, to adjust the pendulum angle of vent valve when laser quenching, ensure that laser beam can arrive any position, do not stay any dead angle; Motor rotation speed is adjustable, ensures the change of vent valve rotating speed when carrying out laser quenching, ensures the sweep velocity of laser; In addition, with bolts between mount pad, regulating shaft, anchor, dismounting is very convenient.The present invention is simple and reasonable, easy to operate, not only can realize fixedly securing vent valve, and adjustment in use is convenient, control is accurate, can obtain good strengthening effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of stationary installation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure sectional view of the stationary installation of invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of vent valve of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
As Fig. 1, 2, shown in 3, the vent valve surface laser strengthening stationary installation of the present embodiment, comprise anchor 1, mount pad 2, ejector pin component 6, copper billet 5, the motor 3 of thread jaw chuck 4 and vernier angle, anchor 1 is a cross section is tetragonal metal frame, mount pad 2 is the salver of a circle, the external diameter of mount pad 2 is less than the framework internal diameter of anchor 1, in order to not only cost-saving but also take into account the consideration of weight, anchor 1 and mount pad 2 adopt plain carbon stool to make, the two ends, left and right of mount pad 2 to be fixed on anchor 1 by regulating mechanism and about regulating mechanism under can do before and after ± oscillation adjustment of 60 degree, mount pad 2 is coaxially arranged with from top to bottom the ejector pin component 6 for fixing vent valve 9, for the copper billet 5 dispelled the heat, the motor 3 of thread jaw chuck 4 and vernier angle, thread jaw chuck 4 and motor 3 are separately positioned on the two ends up and down of mount pad 2, ejector pin component 6 is arranged on the top of thread jaw chuck 4 by inverse-U-shape rack 10, the output shaft of motor 3 is connected with the bottom of thread jaw chuck 4 through the centre hole of mount pad 2, the change of motor 3 principal security vent valve 9 rotating speed when carrying out laser quenching, its variable range is 0 ~ 100r/min, this is conducive to regulating its rotating speed according to practical situation, ensure the sweep velocity of laser, copper billet 5 is fixed on thread jaw chuck 4 and also can rotates with thread jaw chuck 4 under the driving of motor 3, copper billet 5 is mainly fixed in the effect of thread jaw chuck 4, it is made not have any rotation in the course of the work, in order to the overall weight of alleviator and reduction means occupy space, generally select the thread jaw chuck that diameter is less, copper billet 5 is the T-shaped circular block in vertical section, mainly play the effect of heat radiation, because when laser quenching, the heat of vent valve 9 is very high, in order to the distortion preventing it from producing because temperature is high, therefore by itself and copper billet 5 close contact, the lower end of copper billet 5 is fixed on thread jaw chuck 4, the upper surface middle part of copper billet 5 is provided with the detent 52 supplying the conical surface end 91 of vent valve 9 to insert, the projection 51 corresponding with thimble 6 position is provided with in the central position of detent 52, the conical surface end 91 of vent valve 9 is arranged on copper billet 5, the stock valve end of vent valve 9 is fixed by ejector pin component 6, the stock end that vent valve 9 is mainly fixed in the effect of ejector pin component 6 can not wave due to high-speed rotary, wherein inverse-U-shape rack 10 is made up of cross bar 101 and left and right vertical rod 102, lower end and the mount pad 2 of left and right vertical rod 102 are bolted to connection, upper end and the cross bar 101 of left and right vertical rod 102 are bolted to connection, ejector pin component 6 comprises thimble 62, for the metal sleeve 61 that thimble 62 is planted, circular cone 63 and spring 64, metal sleeve 61 longitudinal measure is fixed in the middle part of cross bar 101, thimble 62 is set in the inner chamber of metal sleeve 61, the valve of circular cone 63 spacing the inner chamber lower end and vent valve 9 that are arranged on metal sleeve 61 offsets, spring 64 is provided with between thimble 62 and circular cone 63, circular cone 63 is block rubber, its objective is to protect the stock end of vent valve 9 can not cause its defect due to the increase of external force, fixing conveniently to vent valve 9, in the upper end of thimble 62, handle 65 is installed, the dynamics of fixing vent valve 9 is regulated by this handle 65,
Regulating mechanism comprises two regulating shafts 7 in left and right and the matched bearing support 8 of correspondence, regulating shaft 7 is horizontally installed on the two ends, left and right, below of mount pad 2 respectively, the outer end of regulating shaft 7 to be arranged on anchor 1 by bearing support 8 is rotating and is fixed by semicircular bearing housing 11, the inner end of regulating shaft 7 and the bottom of mount pad 2 are bolted fixing, just can be regulated the pendulum angle of mount pad 2 like this by regulating shaft 7.
During work, the conical surface end 91 of vent valve 9 is placed on the detent 52 of copper billet 5, fixing ejector pin component 6 is withstood the other end of vent valve 9 simultaneously, so just vent valve 9 is firmly fixed on anchor 1, connect motor 3, make it drive thread jaw chuck 4, heat transmission copper billet 5 and vent valve 9 to rotate simultaneously, and adjust its rotating speed according to practical situation, ensure the sweep velocity of laser; The effect of regulating shaft 7 and bearing mainly adjusts the pendulum angle of vent valve 9 when laser quenching, mount pad 2 is driven to swing by regulating shaft 7, can ensure that laser beam can arrive any position on vent valve 9 like this, do not stay at any " dead angle ", its pendulum angle is ± 60 degree, such vent valve 9 is just fixed on the securing means, and with in company with this device synchronous axial system and swing, and laser beam remains motionless, good strengthening effect can be obtained, avoid due to fixing loosely the brought unnecessary loss of vent valve 9.
The concrete operation method be fixed the vent valve in laser strengthening is as follows:
1) pre-treatment is carried out on the surface of the conical surface end 91 of vent valve 9 to be fortified; Main finger acetone or gasoline his-and-hers watches
Face greasy dirt is cleared up;
2) above-mentioned pretreated vent valve 9 is put into process furnace and carry out preheating, make its temperature to 190 ~ 210 DEG C;
3) heat transmission copper billet 5 is fixed on thread jaw chuck 4, then the vent valve 9 after preheating is fixed on copper billet 5, withstand the stock end of vent valve 9 simultaneously by ejector pin component 6;
4) connect motor 3 switch, make it drive thread jaw chuck 4, copper billet 5 and vent valve 9 to rotate simultaneously, and adjust its rotating speed according to practical situation;
5) open laser, set each processing parameter, by laser radiation in vent valve 9 position to be fortified, start to strengthen;
6) observe laser radiation whether to have at " dead angle ", if having, the angle of adjustment regulating shaft 7;
7) after strengthening terminates, first turn off motor 3 power supply, after it stops, taking off vent valve 9;
8) vent valve 9 after strengthening is carried out air cooling to room temperature.