CN104230534B - A kind of maca seedling composite substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of maca seedling composite substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104230534B CN104230534B CN201410423795.7A CN201410423795A CN104230534B CN 104230534 B CN104230534 B CN 104230534B CN 201410423795 A CN201410423795 A CN 201410423795A CN 104230534 B CN104230534 B CN 104230534B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of maca seedling composite substrate and preparation method thereof, to solve the shortcoming that prior art maca seedling medium water-holding capacity is poor, nutrition content is low, Quality of Seedlings is poor, emergence rate is relatively low, can effectively utilize discarded maca leaf simultaneously, not result in the environmental pollution of discarded leaf.The present invention will cut no maca leaf and mix other dry rotted leaf, put into pulverizer to pulverize, take mountain base soil and add the positive pellet in composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground, take the described rotted leaf fertilizer after having fermented and add in the base soil of mixing mountain, crushing, stirring, is compound seedling medium, after mixing terminates, appropriate water is sprayed into, the clay layer tiled by described compound seedling medium in described seedling medium.The preparation method of above-mentioned maca seedling composite substrate is simple and practical, it is possible to effectively utilize discarded maca leaf, efficiently make use of mountain base soil and organic fertilizer simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, relate in particular to a kind of maca seedling composite substrate and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Maca is the Cruciferae separate row Vegetable spp plant of the rare dietotherapeutic of a kind of uniqueness, calls as beet root or Peru
Ginseng.Maca originates in plateau, South America Andean, the short cone of fleshy root, and exocuticle is purple, cream color or yellow.Rich in
Carbohydrate, protein, unsaturated aliphatic acid and several kinds of mineral elements, main chemical compositions is agate card alkene, macamides, sulphur
Glycocide etc..Maca is nutritious, both can people's medicine, can eat again, there is enhancing body immunity, quickly regain one's strength, eliminate
The effect such as anxiety, fatigue, is one of the most salable ten big health products, obtains the favor of more and more consumer.
Within 1992, maca is recommended to the whole world as nutritious supplementary pharmaceutical by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO).China is at cloud
The height above sea level 2800～4500 meter district such as Lijing, Shangri-la, south plantation maca success, Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China 2011 years
No. 13 bulletin approval maca is new resource food.
The area of current domestic plantation maca is less, only in Lijiang Yunnan, Shangri-la area, Tasha, Xinjiang Ku Er
The places few in number such as dry area introduce maca plantation, because maca is the most harsh to planting conditions, weather is wanted by maca
Asking comparison strict, maca happiness cools and moistening weather, more cold-resistant, and adaptability is relatively strong, average temperature of the whole year 5～10 DEG C, September
Average maximum air temperature is less than 18 DEG C, and maca growth is suitable for the climatic environment cooled, day and night temperature is big, and artificial growth is the most extra large
Pulling out 2800～3500m high and cold cool and cold climate plantations, avoid high temperature and flood low-lying area ponding, if height above sea level declines, temperature is too high, plant exhales maca
Intensity is big, nutrient consumption is many in suction, and accumulation deficiency, block root can not expand, affect yield, and pest and disease damage increases simultaneously.Maca growth is sent out
Educating the environment needing relatively to moisten, annual precipitation should be 800～1000mm, and relative air humidity is native at 60%～80%, 7～November
Earth water content 20%～30%, when soil moisture content is less than 20%, affects growing of maca, finally affects yield, but moisture mistake
Many, the most easily cause the generation of the diseases such as root rot.Maca is happiness intense light irradiation plant, cultivate on tailo, in illumination as far as possible
Under conditions of deficiency, maca yields poorly, of poor quality.Experimental study shows, under the conditions of sheltering from heat or light 70%, maca plant is the most dead.
Requiring subacidity sandy soil, the soil is porous, and soil permeability and water-retaining property are preferable.Be preferably selected that draining is good, the gradient is little, native
The plot that earth is fertile.
The plantation to maca of the existing patented technology, did research including the technology such as nursery, transplanting, such as Application No.
The patent of 201010516199.5 discloses the cultural method of a kind of plant Maca, and the method is by Seed Treatment, presoaking and germinating,
Hole tray sowing and seedling management, transplant, row irrigation, fertilising, middle weeding, gathers and keeping step completes.And for example Application No.
The patent of 201110351408.X discloses a kind of method of reserving seed for planting of plant Maca, utilizes plant generative propagation method to realize maca
The seed selection of elite seed and reserving seed for planting.
But, prior art is not disclosed the technical scheme of the culture medium for maca nursery.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the preparation method of a kind of maca seedling composite substrate, and be prepared by this kind of preparation method
Matrix, to solve, prior art maca seedling medium water-holding capacity is poor, nutrition content is low, Quality of Seedlings is poor, emergence rate
Relatively low shortcoming, simultaneously can effectively utilize discarded maca leaf, it is to avoid the waste of active ingredient in leaf, simultaneously will not
Cause the environmental pollution of discarded leaf.
The technical scheme of the preparation method of maca seedling composite substrate of the present invention is:
(1) no maca leaf will be cut and tan by the sun 2～4 days in the sun so that it is be completely dried, and mix other and be dried corruption
Leaf, maca leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are (2～3): 1, put into pulverizer and pulverize, are mixing rotted leaf；Maca leaf contains
There are substantial amounts of inorganic elements, such as S, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, B, Na, (use inductively coupled plasma atomic emissions
Spectrum (ICP～AES) method is measured), the growth of maca is all had a major impact by these elements, fully by these nothings in maca leaf
Machine element is applied in maca seedling medium, is re-used by this inorganic matter in the growing of maca seedling, and will make this kind of bag
Seedling medium containing appropriate above-mentioned inorganic matter is more beneficial for the growth of maca seedling.
(2) taking sheep excrement and add this mixing rotted leaf, sheep excrement is (1～3) with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio: 1, is simultaneously introduced appropriate
Fertilizer leavening, the quality of fertilizer leavening is the 3 ‰～5 ‰ of total amount, ferments 5～7 days, is rotted leaf fertilizer.
(3) take mountain base soil and add the positive pellet in composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground, the wherein content of N P and K in composite fertilizer
Be 10%～15%, mountain base soil red mass ratio positive with composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground be 1000:50:(1.5～
2.5) mixing mountain base soil: 0.5, it is.
(4) take the rotted leaf fertilizer after having fermented and add in mixing mountain base soil, crushing, stirring, rotted leaf fertilizer with mix
The mass ratio of mountain base soil is 1:10, places 2～3 days, is compound seedling medium.
In Lijiang Prefecture, through lot of experiments field, plantation can show the different fertilizer impact on maca yield, as table 1 can
Seeing, the yield using composite fertilizer is the highest, for 6225kg/hm2；The yield using sheep excrement occupies the 2nd, for 6022.6kg/hm2；Comparison
(CK) yield is minimum, for 5004.9kg/hm2。
Yield carries out Multiple range test (table 2) further, and result shows, yield occupy the 1st, 2 be composite fertilizer process and
Sheep excrement processes, and reaches the pole level of signifiance between other process；Swine manure treatment and mountain base soil processes, compare between reach the limit level of signifiance.
Test shows, uses composite fertilizer the highest with the yield of sheep excrement, followed by pig manure, mountain base soil and comparison (CK), according to
Above test data, can carry out the proportioning of fertilizer to the matrix of maca nursery.
Carbendazol is carbendazim, is a kind of spectrum bactericide, to multiple kinds of crops by fungi (as Fungi Imperfecti,
Many sac fungus) disease that causes has prevention effect, can be used for foliar spray, Seed Treatment and soil treatment etc.；The positive pellet in ground is one
Kind of insecticide, for fragrant-flowered garlic maggot, the special-purpose insecticide developed of the subterranean pest-insects such as maggot, black cutworm, mole cricket.Use carbendazim
Can effectively remove the fungi in matrix and insect with ground just pellet, thus keep matrix not encroached on insect by fungi.
The effect of fertilizer leavening is that complicated organic material decomposition is become concentrated fertilizer, and it is a kind of microorganism formulation.
Fertilizer leavening is possible not only to decomposing organic matter, it is also possible to remove the stink in organic fertilizer.
(5) after mixing terminates, in described seedling medium, spray into appropriate water, keep compound seedling medium water content to exist
Between 60%～70%.
(6) take clay, described clay sprays appropriate water so that it is water content is maintained at more than 60%, water content is existed
The clay of more than 60% is organized into the clay layer that thickness is 1～2 centimeter, and the described thickness that tiled to by compound seedling medium is 1～2
The clay layer of centimetre, tiling thickness is 5～8 centimeters.
The clay layer that layer overlay water content is higher below compound seedling medium, can make the aqueous of compound seedling medium
In the range of amount is maintained at reasonably for a long time, enhance the water-holding capacity of seedling medium.
For keeping the water content of described compound seedling medium, by the water content of the animals urine regulation fertilizer collected.
Mountain base soil is mixed with loam, described loam by sticking grain, powder, sand grains are constituted, proportions is identical, and loam with
Mountain base soil mass ratio is 1:(1～3).
The invention also discloses a kind of compound seedling medium using above-mentioned preparation method to prepare.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the preparation method of above-mentioned maca seedling composite substrate is simple and practical, it is possible to effectively utilize
Discarded maca leaf, efficiently make use of mountain base soil and organic fertilizer simultaneously, makes mountain base soil, organic fertilizer (sheep excrement) and is combined
Fertilizer is comprehensively utilized；Also being effectively utilized animals urine, the inorganic content making seedling medium is more various, enriches nursery
The trophic level of matrix；Utilize maca seedling medium prepared by the method, there is stronger water-holding capacity, nutrition content carries
Height, Quality of Seedlings are preferable, emergence rate is greatly improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment one: (1) will cut no maca leaf and tan by the sun 2～4 days in the sun so that it is be completely dried, mixed
Closing other dry rotted leaf, maca leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are 3:1, put into pulverizer and pulverize, are mixing rotted leaf；
(2) taking sheep excrement and add this mixing rotted leaf, sheep excrement is 3:1 with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio, is simultaneously introduced appropriate fertilizer
Leavening, the quality of fertilizer leavening is the 5 ‰ of total amount, ferments 5 days, is rotted leaf fertilizer.
(3) take mountain base soil and add the positive pellet in composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground, the wherein content of N P and K in composite fertilizer
Being 15%, mountain base soil red mass ratio positive with composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:1.5:0.5, is
Mixing mountain base soil；
(4) take the rotted leaf fertilizer after having fermented and add in mixing mountain base soil, crushing, stirring, rotted leaf fertilizer with mix
The mass ratio of mountain base soil is 1:10, places 2～3 days, is compound seedling medium；
(5) after mixing terminates, in described seedling medium, spray into appropriate water, keep compound seedling medium water content to exist
70%；
(6) take clay, described clay sprays appropriate water so that it is water content is maintained at more than 60%, water content is existed
The clay of more than 60% is organized into the clay layer that thickness is 2 centimeters, and the described thickness that tiled to by compound seedling medium is 2 centimeters
Clay layer, tiling thickness is 5 centimeters.
In this embodiment, maca leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are 3:1, and sheep excrement is 3 with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio:
1, mountain base soil red mass ratio positive with composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:1.5:0.5, rotted leaf fertilizer
Being 1:10 with the mass ratio mixing mountain base soil, keep compound seedling medium water content 70%, it is 2 public affairs that clay is organized into thickness
The clay layer divided, compound seedling medium tiling thickness is 5 centimeters；The water content of compound seedling medium is 70%, places in booth
After one day, through measuring, its water content maintains about 65%, illustrates that the compound seedling medium of the present invention has preferable retaining effect
Really.
In overtesting, the booth before transplanting, maca seedling germination percentage is 98.2%；Through the outer airing of the canopies of 4～5 days, agate
The survival rate of coffee seedling is still that 98.2%, illustrates that the germination percentage of the present invention is compared the germination percentage of traditional seedling medium 90% and improve
8.2 percentage point.
Embodiment two: (1) will cut no maca leaf and tan by the sun 2～4 days in the sun so that it is be completely dried, mixed
Closing other dry rotted leaf, maca leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are 2:1, put into pulverizer and pulverize, are mixing rotted leaf；
(2) taking sheep excrement and add this mixing rotted leaf, sheep excrement is 1:1 with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio, is simultaneously introduced appropriate fertilizer
Leavening, the quality of fertilizer leavening is the 3 ‰ of total amount, ferments 7 days, is rotted leaf fertilizer.
(3) take mountain base soil and add the positive pellet in composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground, the wherein content of N P and K in composite fertilizer
Being 10%～15%, mountain base soil red mass ratio positive with composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:2.5:
0.5, it is mixing mountain base soil；
(4) take the rotted leaf fertilizer after having fermented and add in mixing mountain base soil, crushing, stirring, rotted leaf fertilizer with mix
The mass ratio of mountain base soil is 1:10, places 2～3 days, is compound seedling medium；
(5) after mixing terminates, in described seedling medium, spray into appropriate water, keep compound seedling medium water content to exist
60%；
(6) take clay, described clay sprays appropriate water so that it is water content is maintained at more than 60%, water content is existed
The clay of more than 60% is organized into the clay layer that thickness is 1 centimeter, and the described thickness that tiled to by compound seedling medium is 1 centimeter
Clay layer, tiling thickness is 8 centimeters.
In this embodiment, maca leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are 2:1, and sheep excrement is 2 with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio:
1, mountain base soil red mass ratio positive with composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:2.5:0.5, rotted leaf fertilizer
Being 1:10 with the mass ratio mixing mountain base soil, keep compound seedling medium water content 60%, it is 1 public affairs that clay is organized into thickness
The clay layer divided, compound seedling medium tiling thickness is 8 centimeters；The water content of compound seedling medium is 60%, places in booth
After one day, through measuring, its water content maintains about 58%, can illustrate that the compound seedling medium of the present invention has preferably equally
Water storage effect.
In overtesting, the booth before transplanting, maca seedling germination percentage is 98.7%；Through the outer airing of the canopies of 4～5 days, agate
The survival rate of coffee seedling is still that 98.6%, illustrates that the germination percentage of the present invention is compared the germination percentage of traditional seedling medium 90% and improve
8.7 percentage points, and through outdoor airing, survival rate is the highest.
Embodiment three: (1) will cut no maca leaf and tan by the sun 2～4 days in the sun so that it is be completely dried, mixed
Closing other dry rotted leaf, maca leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are 2.5:1, put into pulverizer and pulverize, are mixing rotted leaf；
(2) taking sheep excrement and add this mixing rotted leaf, sheep excrement is 2:1 with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio, is simultaneously introduced appropriate fertilizer
Leavening, the quality of fertilizer leavening is the 4 ‰ of total amount, ferments 6 days, is rotted leaf fertilizer.
(3) take mountain base soil and add the positive pellet in composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground, the wherein content of N P and K in composite fertilizer
Being 10%～15%, mountain base soil red mass ratio positive with composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:2:0.5,
It is mixing mountain base soil；
(4) take the rotted leaf fertilizer after having fermented and add in mixing mountain base soil, crushing, stirring, rotted leaf fertilizer with mix
The mass ratio of mountain base soil is 1:10, places 2～3 days, is compound seedling medium；
(5) after mixing terminates, in described seedling medium, spray into appropriate water, keep compound seedling medium water content to exist
65%；
(6) take clay, described clay sprays appropriate water so that it is water content is maintained at more than 60%, water content is existed
The clay of more than 60% is organized into the clay layer that thickness is 1 centimeter, and the described thickness that tiled to by compound seedling medium is 1.5 centimeters
Clay layer, tiling thickness be 7 centimeters.
In this embodiment, maca leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are 2.5:1, and sheep excrement with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio is
2:1, mountain base soil red mass ratio positive with composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:2.5:0.5, and rotted leaf is organic
Mass ratio that is fertile and that mix mountain base soil is 1:10, keeps compound seedling medium water content 65%, and it is 1 that clay is organized into thickness
The clay layer of centimetre, compound seedling medium tiling thickness is 7 centimeters；The water content of compound seedling medium is 65%, puts in booth
After putting one day, through measuring, its water content maintains about 63%, the most also can illustrate that the compound seedling medium of the present invention has relatively
Good water storage effect.
In overtesting, the booth before transplanting, maca seedling germination percentage is 97.9%；Through the outer airing of the canopies of 4～5 days, agate
The survival rate of coffee seedling is still that 97.9%, illustrates that the germination percentage of the present invention is compared the germination percentage of traditional seedling medium 90% and improve
7.9 percentage points, and through outdoor airing, survival rate is the highest.
Above the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is explained in detail, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment party
Formula, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art are possessed, it is also possible to make on the premise of without departing from present inventive concept
Go out various change.
Claims (3)
1. the preparation method of a maca seedling composite substrate, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) no maca leaf will be cut and tan by the sun 2～4 days in the sun so that it is be completely dried, mix other dry rotted leaf,
Maca leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are (2～3): 1, put into pulverizer and pulverize, are mixing rotted leaf；
(2) taking sheep excrement and add described mixing rotted leaf, sheep excrement is (1～3) with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio: 1, is simultaneously introduced appropriate fertilizer
Material leavening, the quality of fertilizer leavening is the 3 ‰～5 ‰ of total amount, ferments 5～7 days, is rotted leaf fertilizer；
(3) taking mountain base soil and add the positive pellet in composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground, wherein in composite fertilizer, the content of N P and K is
10%～15%, the described mountain base soil mass ratio positive red with composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground be 1000:50:(1.5～
2.5) mixing mountain base soil: 0.5, it is；
(4) taking the described rotted leaf fertilizer after having fermented to add in the base soil of described mixing mountain, crushing, stirring, described rotted leaf is organic
Mass ratio that is fertile and that mix mountain base soil is 1:10, places 2～3 days, is compound seedling medium；
(5), after mixing terminates, in described seedling medium, spray into appropriate water, keep compound seedling medium water content 60%～
Between 70%；
(6) take clay, described clay sprays appropriate water so that it is water content is maintained at more than 60%, described water content is existed
The clay of more than 60% is organized into the clay layer that thickness is 1～2 centimeter, and the described thickness that tiled to by described compound seedling medium is 1
～the clay layer of 2 centimeters, tiling thickness is 5～8 centimeters；
Wherein, described mountain base soil is mixed with loam, described loam by sticking grain, powder, sand grains are constituted, proportions is identical；Described
Loam and described mountain base soil mass ratio are 1:(1～3).
The preparation method of maca seedling composite substrate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: for keeping described compound
The water content of seedling medium, by the water content of the animals urine regulation fertilizer collected.
3. a maca seedling composite substrate, it is characterised in that use method described in claim 1 to prepare.
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