CN104215261A - Distortion calibrating method for large-field reflex free form surface space camera - Google Patents
Distortion calibrating method for large-field reflex free form surface space camera Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distortion calibrating method for a large-field reflex free form surface space camera, and belongs to the technical fields of optical detection and optical measurement. The method comprises the following steps: building a measurement coordinate system by using three theodolites; calibrating an azimuth angle and a pitch angle of each metering marker in a full field of an optical system by datum transformation; and then calibrating two-dimensional distortion distribution of a reflex free form surface optical system of which the field angle is 76 degrees in a disperse adjustment state by a data fitting method. According to the distortion calibrating method, reserved precision distortion measurement under the complicated scattered condition of the optical system is achieved, the development cost is reduced, the development cycle is shortened, and the test result shows that both the precision and the accuracy of the measurement and data calculation methods meet the development requirements.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical detection and field of optical measuring technologies, be specifically related to the distortion scaling method of the reflective free form surface space camera of a kind of Large visual angle.
Background technology
Space Remote Sensors for the generaI investigation of ground crops needs to possess larger field angle, just can realize satellite and once cross ground corresponding to top and cut secondary width and meet the observation data amount demands such as Grain Growth Situation.For this reason, the major optical load of remote sensor---the multispectral space camera of very wide covering (hereinafter referred to as space camera) adopts multiple reflective freeform optics element to form optical system, the field angle of 76 ° can be reached, but the distortion caused thus on imaging direction up to 10% (theoretical value).Above-mentioned distortion can cause image fault and distortion, cause visual field central authorities to push away with field of view edge speed of sweeping and produce difference, and cause the phase shift compensation of each visual field in remote sensor imaging process to there is error, and then cause image resolution ratio to decline and spectrum channel registration error.Can say, for the multispectral space camera of push-scanning image, larger distortion can cause comprehensive decline of major optical index.Need to debug in process at space camera to carry out precision calibration to full filed distortion for this reason, simulate the distortion distribution of image planes each point, to debug for further precision and distortion correction provides necessary measurement data.
At present, conventional in laboratory distortion scaling method comprise precision angle method, three dimensions testing field standardization, the two-stage calibration method based on radial constraint, same demarcation thing multi-angle imaging method, based on the scaling method of diffractive-optical element and self-calibrating method etc.Existing method carry out the multispectral reflective freeform optics system of Large visual angle debug in process distort timing signal exist deficiency and shortcoming as follows:
(1) multispectral camera adopts push-scanning image mode, and three dimensions testing field standardization, the distortion that is only applicable to planar array detector gaze imaging system based on the two-stage calibration method (RAC) of radial constraint, same demarcation thing multi-angle imaging method etc. are demarcated, be therefore difficult to be applied to push-scanning image system and debug the distortion in stage and demarcate.
(2) scaling method based on diffractive-optical element needs bore to cover the large scale diffraction optical element of optical system to be measured to provide the incident ray of different angles, and treat that examining system effective aperture is more than 750mm, be difficult at present process applicable diffraction element.
(3) conventional fine angle measurement scaling method uses turntable, parallel light tube and standard calibration thing to realize distortion precision measurement, but for the space camera of 76 ° of visual fields, need development bore just can cover whole field angle in turntable rotary course more than the parallel light tube of 1500mm, its development cost and difficulty are difficult to bear.
(4) precision angle method needs optical system to be placed in high precision turntable to provide standard angle, but the integrated process of debuging of high-performance, complicated optical system has been disperseed by a large amount of assistant resetting equipments on optical table, above-mentioned assistant resetting equipment is placed on the enterprising line distortion demarcation of turntable together with dimension and weight excessive being difficult to of optical table.
(5) for the imaging system be made up of reflective freeform optics element, its distortion regularity of distribution also not in full conformity with existing distortion matching priori rules such as least square rules, is difficult to adopt current distortion approximating method to resolve the distortion value of each point in full filed.
Summary of the invention
Be difficult to carry out the technical matters of demarcating that distorts in optical system alignment process to solve the multispectral space camera of above-mentioned Large visual angle, the present invention proposes a kind of Large visual angle reflective free form surface space camera distortion scaling method, it adopts three transits to set up coordinate system, by the method for Reference Transforming, on the basis ensureing existing stated accuracy, realize freeform optics system and debug distortion in process and demarcate.In addition the method is by the pointwise contrast conting of the beam exit two dimension drift angle with optical design analogue simulation, in conjunction with fitting of a polynomial algorithm, can calculate multinomial coefficient in distortion distribution function, finally obtain the distortion value of optical system full filed each point.The distortion nominal data obtained by application the method is corrected image, demonstrates validity and the distortion stated accuracy of the method.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is taked is as follows:
Large visual angle reflective free form surface space camera distortion scaling method, comprises the steps:
Step one: the position of adjustment grid graticule, be located in the focal plane of optical system to be measured, and the normal direction of grid graticule is parallel with the optical axis of optical system to be measured, the mesh lines abswolute level of grid graticule;
Step 2: by surveyor's transit leveling, and calibrate its optics interior focusing system to the position of infinite distance and immobilize;
Step 3: the position adjusting the first benchmark transit and the second benchmark transit, makes surveyor's transit under the prerequisite can sighting the whole visual field of optical system to be measured, still can realize taking aim at mutually with the first benchmark transit, the second benchmark transit respectively; By the first benchmark transit and the second benchmark transit leveling, calibrate position, infinite distance respectively, and in any direction the position angle of two benchmark transits is reset; Then choose according to direction of measurement the autocollimation crosshair that the other side taken aim at mutually by the first benchmark transit or the second benchmark transit and surveyor's transit, and record position angle corresponding to each benchmark transit and the angle of pitch;
Step 4: each bar mesh lines joint on grid graticule sighted one by one by use surveyor's transit, and records position angle corresponding to surveyor's transit, the angle of pitch;
Step 5: by the linear field direction translation of surveyor's transit along optical system to be measured, leveling surveyor's transit again after each translation; After moving to each position, use surveyor's transit again to take aim at mutually with the first benchmark transit or the second benchmark transit according to the method in step 3, can obtain the position angle ω ' of converted coordinate system and pitching angle theta ':
γ＝180-[(φ
1-φ
2)+β]
ω′＝180-(α+γ) (1)
θ′＝η
1-η
2 (2)
Wherein, α is for when measuring position N carries out taking aim at mutually for the N time, and surveyor's transit is relative to the orientation angle on grid graticule between last mesh lines joint and measuring position N; Φ
1it is the position angle that the second benchmark transit rotates relative to clearing direction; β is that surveyor's transit moves to measuring position N+1 and again after leveling, surveyor's transit to the position angle of last mesh lines joint of measuring position N with again take aim at mutually after azimuthal angle; Φ
2be the second benchmark transit and surveyor's transit be positioned at measuring position N+1 again take aim at mutually after relative to the position angle resetting direction and rotate; And, η
1for surveyor's transit is at the angle of pitch of measuring position N to last mesh lines joint on grid graticule; η
2for the angle of pitch of last mesh lines joint of measuring position N to be sighted by surveyor's transit at measuring position N+1;
Step 6: according to the measuring principle of step 5, moves the linear field direction of surveyor's transit along optical system to be measured, sights a series of joints of each bar mesh lines on grid graticule in turn, and record position angle corresponding to surveyor's transit and the angle of pitch; After each traverse measurement transit, set up position inverting reference according to the method in step 5 and the first benchmark transit or the second benchmark transit, obtain the angle of pitch and the position angle of converted coordinate system;
Step 7: the measurement data obtained according to step 6, according to elements of interior orientation computing formula, obtains the principal point coordinate (x of optical system to be measured
0, y
0) and main distance (f
x, f
y), process is as follows:
Step 7.1, obtain the coordinate that on grid graticule, each bar mesh lines joint is corresponding by metering be:
wherein (x
i, y
k) represent the theoretical value of the coordinate of the i-th row mesh lines and kth row mesh lines joint;
Step 7.2, the scaling method adopted in step 6, and each converted coordinate system in integrating step five, can test and calculate the position angle of the corresponding outgoing beam of each mesh lines joint and the angle of pitch is:
wherein (ω
ik, θ
ik) represent position angle, the angle of pitch of corresponding i-th row and kth row mesh lines joint outgoing beam;
Step 7.3, substituted in optical design software in position angle obtained above and angle of pitch correspondence, the optical design result according to optical system to be measured calculates correspondence | (ω
ik, θ
ik) | a networking ruling joint coordinate calculated value | (x
i', y
k') |, namely the calculated value of the optical system image coordinates to be measured of corresponding outgoing beam field angle, can simulate the true origin (x of its correspondence according to this calculated value
i0', y
k0');
Step 7.4, according to mesh lines joint theoretical coordinate matrix | (x
i, y
k) | calculate corresponding true origin (x
i0, y
k0), calculate actual coordinate initial point (x
i0', y
k0') and theoretical coordinate initial point (x
i0, y
k0) difference namely obtain principal point coordinate (x
0, y
0), and then in optical design software, calculate corresponding main distance (f
x, f
y);
Step 8: the principal point that step 7 is calculated and main distance, substitute into according to debuging in the optical simulation model of the actual light path relation foundation of rear optical system, simulation calculation goes out position angle, the angle of pitch of the emergent ray that each bar mesh lines joint is corresponding in optical system; Resolve the over-determined systems that above-mentioned emulated data and measurement data and distortion factor are set up again, the coefficient of fitting of a polynomial can be obtained; Substituted in distortion fitting formula by the coefficient obtained, calculate the distortion value of arbitrary coordinate position in optical system focal plane to be measured, process is as follows:
In step 8.1, optical system image planes to be measured, the mathematical model of any point distortion is:
In formula, k
1, k
2, k
3and p
1, p
2for distortion factor to be evaluated, x, y are any point coordinate in image planes, x
0, y
0for principal point coordinate;
Step 8.2, limited the coordinate (x of mesh lines joint obtained according to step 7.1
i, y
k) and the principal point coordinate (x that obtains of step 7.4
0, y
0) and main distance (f
x, f
y), calculate the distortion value of limited corresponding mesh lines joint:
The above-mentioned formula of step 8.3, simultaneous (3) and formula (4) are set up over-determined systems and are:
D
x＝D
ix,D
y＝D
iy
Solve above-mentioned over-determined systems, calculate distortion factor k
1, k
2, k
3and p
1and p
2, then substitute into the distortion value that formula (3) can calculate any point in image planes.
Principle of work of the present invention is: first use interferometer and optical system to be measured, grid graticule to form and collimate optical interference circuit, utilize opal principle of interference, respectively in 0 visual field of optical system to be measured ,+1 visual field ,-1 visual field test system ripple difference, and carry out COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING, obtain the position that system ripple difference arithmetic average is minimum, make above-mentioned grid graticule strictly be positioned at the optimal focal plane of optical system to be measured, and grid graticule normal direction is parallel with system optical axis to be measured.Surveyor's transit is used to be sighted the position, left and right edges being positioned at+1 ,-1 grid graticule net region, visual field respectively by optical system to be measured afterwards, the roll angle (rotating around optical axis direction) of adjustment grid graticule is to mesh lines abswolute level, and the angle of pitch that now surveyor's transit is corresponding when sighting same mesh lines is respectively identical.Afterwards surveyor's transit and benchmark transit are taken aim at respective autocollimation crosshair mutually, set up inverting reference.Surveyor's transit is used to be sighted the joint of each bar mesh lines on its grid graticule by optical system to be measured afterwards, and the position angle of record correspondence and the angle of pitch.Because optical system visual field to be measured is very big, so surveyor's transit can only sight the mesh lines joint of the whole visual field about 5% of optical system to be measured a measuring position, therefore need according to the field angle of optical system to be measured successively traverse measurement transit to next measuring position, until cover whole measured zone.After measuring basis conversion, need to use surveyor's transit again to take aim at mutually with benchmark transit, and record respective position angle, the angle of pitch, according to the above-mentioned angle of pitch, position angle, and the measurement data that same mesh lines joint is sighted in twice measuring position is resolved, and can obtain the converted coordinate system between two measuring positions.Traverse measurement transit successively, until cover the whole visual field of optical system to be measured, namely completes the collection of basic data.In addition, in order to improve efficiency and the precision of measurement, one stage fiducial transit being set respectively in+1 ,-1 direction, visual field, when surveyor's transit is at 0 visual field two-sided measurement, setting up inverting reference with two transits respectively.Data solution process is: first by optical design software and basic measurement data, the principal point of optical system to be measured, main distance is calculated according to the elements of interior orientation computing formula of routine, according to the optical design result of suboptimization again after debuging, calculate the angle of pitch of the corresponding outgoing beam of each mesh lines joint, position angle.By the over-determined systems set up between measurement data, obtain the multinomial coefficient of distortion aberration, substitute into the distortion value that can calculate any coordinate position on optical system focal plane to be measured in distortion polynomial.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1) need complexity for the high performance reflective freeform optics system of space optical remote, high-precisionly debug process, each optical element, mechanical support system, connecting frame are carried out integrated, optimum to ensure every optical parametric of system.Above-mentioned process need of debuging completes on large-scale air supporting optical table with the frock of debuging of disperse state by necessity, and is difficult to optical system to be measured to be placed in high precision turntable in the above-described state, then coordinates parallel light tube to carry out distortion demarcation.Therefore, the present invention is directed to the above-mentioned state of the art for the treatment of examining system and engineering is actual, achieve the distortion measurement guaranteed under precision conditions.
2) application of the present invention is the reflection type spatial light imaging system that field angle reaches 76 °, and its physical dimension and weight are all larger.According to conventional method, development is needed to protect precision angle range and the abnormal huge high precision two-dimensional turntable of load capacity.For covering above-mentioned field angle, also need the parallel light tube developing super large caliber, engineering difficulty is comparatively large, and cost is also high.Therefore, the present invention adopts three transits to coordinate the grid graticule of gauging calibration, and what utilize optical system debugs frock, is realized the collection of distortion measurement basic data by the method measuring transition matrix, significantly reduce development cost, and shorten the lead time.
3) the distortion regularity of distribution and the conventional refraction formula system of free form surface reflective optical system, coaxial or off-axis reflection optical system differ greatly, and distortion the Fitting Calculation method conventional is at present difficult to be suitable for.Therefore, the present invention, by the commercial optical simulation calculation software of routine, carries out retrying by substituting into measured data to initial optical design and emulates, then resolves distortion factor and obtain each point distortion value.The distortion data resolved according to the inventive method measurement carries out distortion correction to the image that space camera obtains, and demonstration test result shows that the precision of above-mentioned measurement and data calculation method and accuracy all meet development demand.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the practical layout schematic diagram of Large visual angle of the present invention reflective free form surface space camera distortion scaling method measuring process.
Fig. 2 debugs opal principle of interference schematic diagram in waffle slab process in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the measuring principle schematic diagram of Large visual angle of the present invention reflective free form surface space camera distortion scaling method.
Fig. 4 is the perspective view of Fig. 3 in surface level.
In figure: 1, measure base station; What 2, be in that dispersion debugs the optical system to be measured in stage and necessity debugs frock; 3, the first benchmark transit; 4, grid graticule; 5, multi-dimensional adjusting mechanism; 6, the second benchmark transit; 7, optical system to be measured; 8, mesh lines joint.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further details.
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, Large visual angle of the present invention reflective free form surface space camera distortion scaling method comprises the steps:
1) due to distortion stated accuracy and grid graticule 4 optical system 7 focal plane to be measured to debug precision closely related, therefore need first high-precisionly on the focal plane of optical system 7 to be measured to debug grid graticule 4.First shown in Fig. 1, the optical interdferometer being furnished with flat normal mirror is placed in the position of surveyor's transit 1, make the grid graticule 4 formation collimation optical interference circuit of interferometer, optical system to be measured 7, delineation mesh lines, as shown in Figure 2, its collimation principle of interference is: interferometer outgoing directional light is incident to optical system 7 to be measured, focus to the surface of grid graticule 4 through the primary mirror of optical system 7 to be measured, secondary mirror, three mirrors, four mirrors, point reflection gets back to interferometer along symmetrical light path and reference wave forms interference fringe.Respectively in+1 visual field of optical system 7 to be measured, 0 visual field ,-1 visual field according to system ripple difference utilize multi-dimensional adjusting mechanism 5 to adjust the position of grid graticule 4, until average wave difference in each visual field is minimum, then now grid graticule 4 is positioned at the focal plane of optical system 7 to be measured.
Afterwards surveyor's transit 1 is placed in the position shown in the figure 1, and by its leveling.Use surveyor's transit 1 respectively in+1 visual field of optical system 7 to be measured, 0 visual field ,-1 visual field sight the same transverse grid line of grid graticule 4 respectively, adjustment multi-dimensional adjusting mechanism 5 is until surveyor's transit 1 angle of pitch corresponding when sighting the same transverse grid line of grid graticule 4 is consistent, then show grid graticule 4 leveling over the ground, and its normal direction is parallel with the optical axis of optical system 7 to be measured, and mesh lines level does not exist projection error.
2) surveyor's transit 1 is returned to the position in Fig. 1, leveling again, and the optics interior focusing system of calibration measurement transit 1 is to position, infinite distance, in following measuring process, ensures that interior focusing system position immobilizes.
3) the first benchmark transit 3, second benchmark transit 6 is placed in position as shown in Figure 1, make surveyor's transit 1 under the prerequisite can sighting the whole visual field of optical system 7 to be measured, still can realize taking aim at mutually with the first benchmark transit 3, second benchmark transit 6 respectively.By the first benchmark transit 3, second benchmark transit 6 leveling, open self-collimation measurement function, calibrate position, infinite distance respectively, in any direction the position angle of two benchmark transits is reset.According to direction of measurement, choose the autocollimation crosshair that the other side taken aim at mutually by the first corresponding benchmark transit 3 (or second benchmark transit 6) and surveyor's transit 1, and the position angle that record is corresponding, the angle of pitch.
4) each bar mesh lines joint 8 on the grid graticule 4 using surveyor's transit 1 to sight in optical system 7 focal plane to be measured, the position angle that record is corresponding, the angle of pitch.Regulate the position angle of surveyor's transit 1, until the peripheral field of this measurement point, now adjust the angle of pitch of surveyor's transit 1 in any case, picture that position angle also cannot observe the arbitrary grid joint of grid graticule about 4.
5) use adjustment frock 2 in Fig. 1 by the linear field direction translation of surveyor's transit 1 along optical system 7 to be measured, and leveling surveyor's transit 1 again.Use surveyor's transit 1 according to step 3) in method again take aim at mutually with the second benchmark transit 6 (or first benchmark transit 3), above-mentioned measuring principle as shown in Figure 3, Fig. 3 illustrate only the principle being positioned at-1 visual field, principle and Fig. 3 of opposite side+1 visual field are similar, and Fig. 4 is Fig. 3 projection in the horizontal direction.When now taking aim at mutually for the N time, surveyor's transit 1 is α relative to the orientation angle between last mesh lines joint 8 and measuring position N, and the position angle that the second benchmark transit 6 rotates relative to clearing direction (in Fig. 4, dotted arrow represents) is Φ
1.Surveyor's transit 1 moves to measuring position N+1 and again after leveling, surveyor's transit 1 to the position angle of upper last mesh lines joint (calling aiming point in the following text) 8 of a measuring position N with again take aim at mutually after azimuthal angle be β, be Φ relative to resetting the position angle that direction rotates after again taking aim at mutually when the second benchmark transit 6 and surveyor's transit 1 are positioned at measuring position N+1
2, then can obtain the position angle ω ' of converted coordinate system:
γ＝180-[(φ
1-φ
2)+β]
ω′＝180-(α+γ) (1)
Because above-mentioned measurement is all carry out under abswolute level base condition, therefore the angle of pitch is without projection relation, can directly obtain the pitching angle theta of converted coordinate system ':
θ′＝η
1-η
2 (2)
Wherein η
1for surveyor's transit 1 is at the angle of pitch of measuring position N to last aiming point 8 on grid graticule 4, η
2for the angle of pitch of last aiming point 8 of measuring position N to be sighted by surveyor's transit 1 at measuring position N+1.
6) according to above-mentioned measuring principle, the linear field direction of surveyor's transit 1 along optical system 7 to be measured is moved, sights the joint of each bar mesh lines on grid graticule 4 in turn, and record corresponding position angle, the angle of pitch.After each traverse measurement transit 1, according to step 5) in method and the second benchmark transit 6 (or first benchmark transit 3) set up position inverting reference, obtain the angle of pitch of converted coordinate system, position angle.
7) according to above-mentioned measurement data, according to elements of interior orientation computing formula, utilize optical design simulation software, obtain the principal point of optical system 7 to be measured, main distance in conjunction with measurement data and waffle slab continuous data.
8) by the principal point calculated, main distance, substitute into according to debuging in the optical simulation model of the actual light path relation foundation of rear optical system, simulation calculation goes out position angle, the angle of pitch of the emergent ray that each bar mesh lines joint is corresponding in optical system.Resolve the over-determined systems that above-mentioned emulated data and measurement data and distortion factor are set up again, can coefficient of polynomial fitting be obtained.Above-mentioned coefficient is substituted in distortion fitting formula, the distortion value of arbitrary coordinate position in optical system 7 focal plane to be measured can be calculated.
Claims (2)
1. Large visual angle reflective free form surface space camera distortion scaling method, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
Step one: the position of adjustment grid graticule (4), be located in the focal plane of optical system to be measured (7), and the normal direction of grid graticule (4) is parallel with the optical axis of optical system to be measured (7), the mesh lines abswolute level of grid graticule (4);
Step 2: by surveyor's transit (1) leveling, and calibrate its optics interior focusing system to the position of infinite distance and immobilize;
Step 3: the position adjusting the first benchmark transit (3) and the second benchmark transit (6), make surveyor's transit (1) under the prerequisite can sighting the whole visual field of optical system to be measured (7), still can realize taking aim at mutually with the first benchmark transit (3), the second benchmark transit (6) respectively; By the first benchmark transit (3) and the second benchmark transit (6) leveling, calibrate position, infinite distance respectively, and in any direction the position angle of two benchmark transits is reset; Then choose according to direction of measurement the autocollimation crosshair that the other side taken aim at mutually by the first benchmark transit (3) or the second benchmark transit (6) and surveyor's transit (1), and record position angle corresponding to each benchmark transit and the angle of pitch;
Step 4: use surveyor's transit (1) to sight a series of joints (8) of each bar mesh lines on grid graticule (4), and record position angle corresponding to surveyor's transit (1), the angle of pitch;
Step 5: by the linear field direction translation of surveyor's transit (1) along optical system to be measured (7), leveling surveyor's transit (1) again after each translation; After moving to each position, use surveyor's transit (1) again to take aim at mutually with the first benchmark transit (3) or the second benchmark transit (6) according to the method in step 3, can obtain the position angle ω ' of converted coordinate system and pitching angle theta ':
γ＝180-[(φ
1-φ
2)+β]
ω′＝180-(α+γ) (1)
θ′＝η
1-η
2 (2)
Wherein, α is for when measuring position N carries out taking aim at mutually for the N time, and surveyor's transit (1) is relative to the upper orientation angle between last mesh lines joint (8) and measuring position N of grid graticule (4); Φ
1it is the position angle that the second benchmark transit (6) rotates relative to clearing direction; β is that surveyor's transit (1) moves to measuring position N+1 and again after leveling, surveyor's transit (1) to the position angle of last mesh lines joint (8) of measuring position N with again take aim at mutually after azimuthal angle; Φ
2to be the second benchmark transit (6) with surveyor's transit (1) be positioned at after measuring position N+1 takes aim at again mutually relative to the position angle resetting direction and rotate; And, η
1for surveyor's transit (1) is at the angle of pitch of measuring position N to grid graticule (4) last mesh lines joint (8) upper; η
2for the angle of pitch of last mesh lines joint (8) of measuring position N to be sighted by surveyor's transit (1) at measuring position N+1;
Step 6: according to the measuring principle of step 5, the linear field direction of surveyor's transit (1) along optical system to be measured (7) is moved, sight a series of joints (8) of the upper each bar mesh lines of grid graticule (4) in turn, and record position angle corresponding to surveyor's transit (1) and the angle of pitch; After each traverse measurement transit (1), set up position inverting reference according to the method in step 5 and the first benchmark transit (3) or the second benchmark transit (6), obtain the angle of pitch and the position angle of converted coordinate system;
Step 7: the measurement data obtained according to step 6, according to elements of interior orientation computing formula, obtains the principal point coordinate (x of optical system to be measured (7)
0, y
0) and main distance (f
x, f
y), process is as follows:
Step 7.1, the coordinate obtaining the upper each bar mesh lines joint (8) of grid graticule (4) corresponding by metering are:
wherein (x
i, y
k) represent the theoretical value of the coordinate of the i-th row mesh lines and kth row mesh lines joint;
Step 7.2, the scaling method adopted in step 6, and each converted coordinate system in integrating step five, can test and calculate the position angle of the corresponding outgoing beam of each mesh lines joint (8) and the angle of pitch is:
wherein (ω
ik, θ
ik) represent position angle, the angle of pitch of corresponding i-th row and kth row mesh lines joint outgoing beam;
Step 7.3, substituted in optical design software in position angle obtained above and angle of pitch correspondence, the optical design result according to optical system to be measured (7) calculates correspondence | (ω
ik, θ
ik) | a networking ruling joint coordinate calculated value | (x
i', y
k') |, namely the calculated value of the optical system image coordinates to be measured of corresponding outgoing beam field angle, can simulate the true origin (x of its correspondence according to this calculated value
i0', y
k0');
Step 7.4, according to mesh lines joint theoretical coordinate matrix | (x
i, y
k) | calculate corresponding true origin (x
i0, y
k0), calculate actual coordinate initial point (x
i0', y
k0') and theoretical coordinate initial point (x
i0, y
k0) difference namely obtain principal point coordinate (x
0, y
0), and then in optical design software, calculate corresponding main distance (f
x, f
y);
Step 8: the principal point that step 7 is calculated and main distance, substitute into according to debuging in the optical simulation model of the actual light path relation foundation of rear optical system, simulation calculation goes out position angle, the angle of pitch of the emergent ray that each bar mesh lines joint is corresponding in optical system; Resolve the over-determined systems that above-mentioned emulated data and measurement data and distortion factor are set up again, the coefficient of fitting of a polynomial can be obtained; Substituted in distortion fitting formula by the coefficient obtained, calculate the distortion value of arbitrary coordinate position in optical system to be measured (7) focal plane, process is as follows:
In step 8.1, optical system to be measured (7) image planes, the mathematical model of any point distortion is:
In formula, k
1, k
2, k
3and p
1, p
2for distortion factor to be evaluated, x, y are any point coordinate in image planes, x
0, y
0for principal point coordinate;
Step 8.2, limited the coordinate (x of mesh lines joint obtained according to step 7.1
i, y
k) and the principal point coordinate (x that obtains of step 7.4
0, y
0) and main distance (f
x, f
y), calculate the distortion value of limited corresponding mesh lines joint:
The above-mentioned formula of step 8.3, simultaneous (3) and formula (4) are set up over-determined systems and are:
D
x＝D
ix,D
y＝D
iy
Solve above-mentioned over-determined systems, calculate distortion factor k
1, k
2, k
3and p
1and p
2, then substitute into the distortion value that formula (3) can calculate any point in image planes.
2. Large visual angle as claimed in claim 1 reflective free form surface space camera distortion scaling method, it is characterized in that, described step one comprises the steps:
Step 1.1, to place in the position of surveyor's transit (1) and be furnished with the optical interdferometer of flat normal mirror, make interferometer, optical system to be measured (7), grid graticule (4) form collimation optical interference circuit;
Step 1.2, respectively in+1 visual field of optical system to be measured (7), 0 visual field ,-1 visual field, ripple difference according to optical system to be measured (7) utilizes multi-dimensional adjusting mechanism (5) to adjust the position of grid graticule (4), until the average wave difference of above-mentioned each visual field is minimum, then now grid graticule (4) is positioned at the focal plane of optical system to be measured (7);
Step 1.3, surveyor's transit (1) is placed on the position described in step 1.1, and by its leveling;
Step 1.4, use surveyor's transit (1) respectively in+1 visual field of optical system to be measured (7), 0 visual field, in-1 visual field, sight the same transverse grid line of grid graticule (4) respectively, multi-dimensional adjusting mechanism (5) is utilized to adjust the roll angle of grid graticule (4), until surveyor's transit (1) angle of pitch corresponding when sighting the same transverse grid line of grid graticule (4) is consistent, then show grid graticule (4) leveling over the ground, and grid graticule (4) normal direction is parallel with the optical axis of optical system to be measured (7), mesh lines abswolute level.
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