CN104214237A - Synchronization unit of gearbox - Google Patents

Synchronization unit of gearbox Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104214237A
CN104214237A CN201410240814.2A CN201410240814A CN104214237A CN 104214237 A CN104214237 A CN 104214237A CN 201410240814 A CN201410240814 A CN 201410240814A CN 104214237 A CN104214237 A CN 104214237A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
sync
synchronizer unit
axial
synchronizing ring
base
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CN201410240814.2A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104214237B (en
Inventor
奥特马尔·贝克
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Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding GmbH
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Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding GmbH
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Publication of CN104214237A publication Critical patent/CN104214237A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/04Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/04Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch
    • F16D23/06Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch and a blocking mechanism preventing the engagement of the main clutch prior to synchronisation
    • F16D2023/0618Details of blocking mechanism comprising a helical spring loaded element, e.g. ball

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a synchronization unit (10) of a gearbox (12). The synchronization unit (10) comprises a synchroniser body (14), which can rotate around a transmission axis (A), a shift sleeve (18) rotationally fixed relative to the synchronizer body (14) but axially displaceably arranged, a synchronization ring (26) for coupling the synchronizer body (14) with a gear wheel (22) of the gearbox (12) via friction joint, a plurality of pads (36) distributed over the outer circumference of the synchronizer body (14), and a spring element (38) which applies a spring force (FF) to the pads (36) and is attached to a contact surface (40) of the pads (36) and radially faces a gearshift sleeve (18), wherein the contact surface (40) of the pads (36) is inclined at least partially with respect to the transmission axis (A), so that the spring element (38) is subjected to force applied by an axial force component (FA) and is supported axially on the synchronization ring (26).

Description

The synchronizer unit of speed changer
Technical field
The present invention relates to the synchronizer unit of speed changer, its have can rotate around variator axis sync-body, can not rotate relative to sync-body but the gear shift sleeve of setting, synchronizing ring sync-body being engaged with a shifting gear of speed changer by frictional engagement can be moved axially, be distributed in multiple base on the periphery of sync-body and radial direction applies spring force and the spring part of the surface of contact of the described base that reclines towards gear shift sleeve to base.
Background technique
The mode of execution of the flywheel sychronising device type especially in speed changer of such synchronizer unit has been shown in fig. 8 according to DE 20 2,006 008 636 U1 of foreword.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention provides a kind of synchronizer unit with lower construction cost, and its operation noise is lower and efficiency is very high.
According to the present invention, the synchronizer unit by the above-mentioned type has been come by this task, and wherein, the surface of contact of base tilts relative to variator axis at least partly, thus spring part be biased by axial force component and axially mounting in synchronizing ring.Therefore, synchronizing ring is by spring part axially loaded, and especially on so-called " disengaged position ", on this disengaged position, the rubbing surface of the mutual correspondence of frictional engagement is spaced from each other.Thus, reduce undesirable idling torque not gone up by the neutral position (Neutralstellung) operated of synchronizer unit, thus totally improve transmission efficiency.Synchronizing ring also causes Quiver to alleviate by axial force component " initiatively throwing off ", and then causes the operation noise of speed changer very low.
In a mode of execution of synchronizer unit, at the central axis towards sync-body axially, the radial distance between variator axis and the surface of contact of inclination increases progressively.When surface of contact tilts like this, this spring part is bearing in eventually through synchronizing ring in the sync-body that is axially fixed, thus synchronizing ring the neutral position that operates is not in the disengagement axial position of regulation and the sync-body that especially reclines in synchronizer unit.
Synchronizing ring is tapered collar preferably, and it is from the first axial rings end towards the relative tapered convergent of the second axial rings end, and at this, the second axial rings end is adjacent with sync-body.The frictional engagement that sync-body is engaged with the shifting gear of speed changer can low cost realize in the case, this is because synchronizing ring is moved on in the cooperation taper of shifting gear side by simple top by axial operation power.
Tapered collar now preferably has the cambered outwards axle collar in footpath at its second axial rings end.Such axle collar can be integrally formed in synchronizing ring and the simple support portion formed for spring part by lower processing technique cost.
Substitute circumferential hoop around the axle collar, also can expect, tapered collar at least has the cambered outwards contact pin in footpath on its second axial rings end in pillow regions.
So this spring part can be bearing in the axial direction in the radial axle collar of synchronizing ring or radial contact pin and to be exerted a force to synchronizing ring by axial force component.
In another mode of execution of synchronizer unit, this sync-body adjoins with synchronizing ring in the axial direction and is configured for the axial stop of synchronizing ring.In this way, not synchronizing ring the neutral position that operates not being in as far as possible on gapless predetermined axial position in synchronizer unit, thus almost do not occur patter noise because of synchronizing ring and ensure that the corresponding low noise of synchronizer unit runs.
A synchronizing ring and a spring part is preferably provided with vertically in sync-body both sides.This except above-mentioned axial force distribution in synchronizing ring to disengaged position except also cause described base and gear shift sleeve advantageously axially fixed relative to sync-body.Corresponding, can abandon for make gear shift sleeve in synchronizer unit not by the addition thereto in fixed on the neutral position that operates.
In another mode of execution of synchronizer unit, the T-shaped formation of axial cross section of these bases and there are a radial web and two axial ledge respectively, wherein, the web of the adjacent in the axial direction described base of synchronizing ring, and the flange being formed in base for the surface of contact of spring part.For this reason, T-shaped base is the multifunction piece that can simply manufacture in processing technique, they except its transmission steering force originally also shoulder to the function of synchronizing ring the axis of gear shift sleeve fixed in and gear of synchronizer axially loaded to the effect of disengaged position.
In another mode of execution of synchronizer unit, gear shift sleeve can move axially relative to sync-body, here, gear shift sleeve synchronizer unit not by the neutral position that operates relative to sync-body axially placed in the middle arrange and formed to lock together with described base connect.Until reach the steering force of regulation, this gear shift sleeve is connected by this locking always and is axially fixed on described base, thus the neutral position that operates can not realized gear shift sleeve fixed by the axis of base in.
In another mode of execution of synchronizer unit, gear shift sleeve can move axially relative to sync-body, and wherein, this gear shift sleeve engages with a shifting gear anti-rotating of this speed changer and formed to lock together with base and connects on an axial shift pattern.Connected by this locking, gear shift sleeve is also kept by base axially on shift pattern no longer including the axial operation masterpiece used time.Thus, can abandon the bodyfixed frame for gear shift sleeve being fixed on shift pattern, such as on shift pattern, the what is called of intermeshing toothing is rearmounted.
Spring part preferably radially flexible form of springs, especially in the helical spring form with one or more circle.But at least one spring ring also can be adopted as spring part as helical spring substituting.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Other features and advantages of the present invention are obtained in the explanation of preferred implementation by referring to accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic office sectional view of the synchronizer unit of the present invention of speed changer;
Fig. 2 cuts open detailed drawing according to the office of the synchronizer unit of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is in not by the signal office sectional view of the first mode of execution of the synchronizer unit of the present invention of neutral position operated;
Fig. 4 is the synchronizer unit of the Fig. 3 mediated;
Fig. 5 is the synchronizer unit of the Fig. 3 being in shift pattern;
Fig. 6 is in not by the signal office sectional view of the second mode of execution of the synchronizer unit of the present invention of neutral position operated;
Fig. 7 is the synchronizer unit of the Fig. 6 mediated;
Fig. 8 is the synchronizer unit of the Fig. 6 being in shift pattern;
Fig. 9 is in not by the signal office sectional view of the 3rd mode of execution of the synchronizer unit of the present invention on the neutral position that operates;
Figure 10 is the synchronizer unit according to Fig. 9 mediated;
Figure 11 is the synchronizer unit of the Fig. 9 being in shift pattern.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the synchronizer unit 10 of speed changer 12, it has can rotate around variator axis A and anti-rotating is arranged on sync-body 14 on transmission shaft 16 and gear shift sleeve 18, gear shift sleeve is rotatable but can axially movably arrange relative to sync-body 14, so as by the toothing form fit of gear shift sleeve 18 and anti-rotating sync-body 14 is engaged with the gear shift toothing 20 of shifting gear side.Gear shift toothing 20 now can be integrally formed on shifting gear 22 or be formed in as shown in Figure 1 on an independent connected member 24, and this connected member is fixedly connected with shifting gear 22, such as, weld.
In addition, synchronizer unit 10 comprises the synchronizing ring 26 for being made sync-body 14 engage with the shifting gear 22 of speed changer 12 by frictional engagement be connected with sync-body 14 form fit in the circumferential.Especially in synchronizing ring 26, be integrally formed multiple contact pin of axially protruding, these contact pin is inserted in the recess of sync-body 14, engages in the circumferential and transmit friction torque when synchronization to make synchronizing ring 26 with sync-body 14.Or sync-body 14 can certainly have the part axially protruded, to transmit friction torque in the corresponding recess of these these synchronizing ring of partial insertion.
According to Fig. 1, the tapered ring-type of synchronizing ring 26 is formed, and it is from the first axial rings end 28 towards the relative tapered convergent of the second axial rings end 30, and wherein, the second axial rings end 30 adjoins this sync-body 14.On radially inner side face, synchronizing ring 26 has conical friction face 32, the tap web fitting surface 34 of this rubbing surface by moving axially of synchronizing ring 26 close to or away from shifting gear side.According to Fig. 1, taper fit face 34 is such as formed on the cone of friction of connected member 24.
If make synchronizing ring 26 move axially to adjacent shifting gear 22, then rubbing surface 32 and fitting surface 34 form frictional engagement, and it causes the synchronization between sync-body 14 and shifting gear 22.When synchronizing ring 26 oppositely moves axially to sync-body 14, rubbing surface 32 moves to so-called " disengaged position " from fitting surface 34, and on disengaged position, synchronizing ring 26 is spaced apart with the cone of friction of connected member 24.
In an illustrated embodiment, synchronizing ring 26 latch-up-free toothing ground forms and is the part of synchronizer unit 10, and this part is such as the power control type synchronizing in the speed changer of automatic manual.Or, can certainly expect that synchronizing ring 26 has locking teeth structure and for the locking synchronization of speed changer 12 in synchronizer unit 10.
Synchronizer unit 10 also comprises multiple bases 36 of the periphery being uniformly distributed in sync-body 14, each base is accommodated in the recess of sync-body 14, and gear shift sleeve 18 acts on sync-body and this sync-body imposes axial operation power F towards shifting gear 22 pairs of synchronizing ring 26 to be joined when gear shift sleeve 18 moves axially s.
According to Fig. 1, be also provided with spring part 38, spring part radially outward imposes spring force F towards gearshift sleeve 18 pairs of bases 36 f(see Fig. 2) and the surface of contact 40 of the base 36 that reclines.
As spring part 38, adopt the spring of radial elastic, it forces in base 36 towards gearshift sleeve 18 radially outwardly.The spring of such radial elastic is such as spring ring or the helical spring with one or more circle.According to Fig. 1, be respectively equipped with in sync-body 14 both sides vertically there are two circles helical spring as spring part 38, or multiple spring part 38 can certainly be adopted in every side here.Under any circumstance, at least one spring part must at least with the surface of contact 40 that relative to variator axis A tilt of a circle against this base 36.
According to Fig. 1, be provided with synchronizing ring 26 and a spring part 38 vertically in the both sides of sync-body 14.Correspondingly, these bases 36 are axially formed symmetrically, thus said structure and shape are applicable to two synchronizing ring 26 of synchronizer unit 10.
Specifically, the T-shaped formation of axial cross section of each base 36 and there are a radial web 42 and two axial ledge 44, wherein, synchronizing ring 26 is axially adjacent to the web 42 of base 36, for making the flange 44 of surface of contact 40 at base 36 of spring part 38, being Specifically formed on the radially inner side face of flange 44.
Fig. 2 shows the detailed cross sectional view of Fig. 1, and surface of contact 40 (at least) part that it illustrates base 36 tilts relative to variator axis A, thus spring part 38 is by axial force component F astressed and axially mounting is in synchronizing ring 26.A part for the surface of contact 40 of base 36, Specifically surface of contact 40 now sandwiches formation one tilt angle alpha with variator axis A and so tilts relative to variator axis A, namely, towards sync-body 14 center axially, the radial distance between variator axis A and the surface of contact 40 of inclination increases progressively.
Because the surface of contact 40 of spring part 38 against inclination or the rake of surface of contact 40, therefore by radial spring force F fresult in vertically towards the axial force component F that sync-body 14 pairs of spring parts 38 exert a force a.
Each spring part 38 is now bearing in synchronizing ring 26 or by synchronizing ring 26 and is bearing in axial immovable sync-body 14.It is cambered outwards around the axle collar 46 that synchronizing ring 26 has footpath at its second axial rings end 30 for this reason, and the axle collar also adjoins the web 42 of base 36 in addition in the axial direction.
As circumferential hoop around the axle collar 46 substitute, synchronizing ring 26 also can only have some contact pin at its second axial rings end 30, and these contact pin are the web 42 of adjacent base 36 and adjacent springs part 38 on the other hand on the one hand vertically at base 36 region internal diameter convex and just as the axle collar 46 at least.
In any case, axial force component F athe spring part 38 be applied to it or directly or by spring part 38 false bearing of indirectly establishing in another in the radial contact pin of the radial axle collar 46 or gear of synchronizer 26.
Because sync-body 14 also adjoins synchronizing ring 26 in the axial direction, therefore it is configured for the axial stop of the synchronizing ring 26 that can move axially.Therefore, spring part 38 by synchronizing ring 26 axially mounting in sync-body 14, thus one, synchronizing ring 26 is stressed enters its disengaged position.Reduce the undesirable idling torque between synchronizing ring 26 and connected member 24 thus, this low noise especially contributing to speed changer 12 runs and greater efficiency as far as possible.
Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 shows the synchronizer unit 10 according to the first mode of execution, wherein, Fig. 3 shows not by the neutral position operated, Fig. 4 shows the neutral position after synchronization, and Fig. 5 shows axial shift pattern, on this position, this gear shift sleeve 18 is connected with shifting gear 22 form fit ground anti-rotating by joint 24.
Obviously, gear shift sleeve 18 can move axially relative to sync-body 14, here, gear shift sleeve 18 its according to Fig. 3 not by the neutral position that operates relative to sync-body 14 axially placed in the middle arrange and formed to lock together with described base 36 connect.For this reason, gear shift sleeve 18 has a projection 48 in base 36 region, and this projection extends radially inwardly and basic shape is inserted in recess 50 ordinatedly, and this recess is arranged in the radial outer side of base 36.
Because relative to base 36 axially this gear shift sleeve 18 of locking, therefore pass through the axial force component F of spring part 38 anot only achieving axially forces synchronizing ring 26 to enter its disengaged position, and achieve described base 36 and gear shift sleeve 18 axially fixed about sync-body 14 in.
As axial operation power F swhen being applied to gear shift sleeve 18, synchronizing ring 26 is forced on the cone of friction of connected member 24 by base 36, to make the synchronization between sync-body 14 and shifting gear 22.If steering force F sexceed latching resistance, then these bases 36 overcome spring force F fradially-inwardly to move and gear shift sleeve 18 axially moves into it according to the shift pattern of Fig. 5.
In the first mode of execution of synchronizer unit 10, when gear shift sleeve moves axially, this base 36 is significantly being bearing on gear shift sleeve 18 according on the neutral position of Fig. 4 prejudicially, and this may cause undesirable base 36 to tilt.In the diagram, as the yardstick of axial eccentric load, depict the distance a between the central axis B and supporting center of gravity of sync-body 14 1.
Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 shows the synchronizer unit 10 according to the second mode of execution, the difference of itself and the first mode of execution is only, radial protrusion 48 is formed now in the radial outer side of base 36, and corresponding recess 50 is axially formed in gear shift sleeve 18 between two parties.In addition, about structure and working method, clear and definite with reference to the description to Fig. 3 to Fig. 5.
Obtain following advantage by the structural change of the second mode of execution, the danger that base 36 tilts because of axial eccentric load is being significantly reduced according on the neutral position of Fig. 7.From the distance a Fig. 4 1with the respective distance a in Fig. 7 2contrast in see this point.
Fig. 9 to Figure 11 shows the synchronizer unit 10 according to the 3rd mode of execution, and the difference of itself and the first two mode of execution is still only the sealed shape between gear shift sleeve 18 and base 36.
Now, in gear shift sleeve 18, be provided with the recess 50 that two axis are adjacent, in the synchronizer unit 10 according to Fig. 9 not by the neutral position that operates, have the projection 48 in a radial outer side being formed in base 36 to insert described recess respectively.
The advantage of locking shape is, these bases 36 are bearing on two positions being located at the central axis B both sides of sync-body 14 on the central position of synchronizer unit 10, and this is represented by arrow 52 in Fig. 10.Less desirable base 36 tilts and is substantially got rid of whereby.When suitably setting the size of protruding 48 and recess 50, also in the 3rd mode of execution of synchronizer unit 10, obtain following advantage, namely, gear shift sleeve 18 not only according to Fig. 3,6 and 9 synchronizer unit 10 not by the neutral position that operates, and to be connected with the locking of base 36 according to the axial shift pattern of Figure 11 is formed.The locking favourable by described (adding) connects, and synchronizer unit 10 is not having steering force F salso be kept during effect axially on shift pattern.Therefore can abandon the bodyfixed frame for being fixed on by gear shift sleeve 18 on shift pattern, such as on shift pattern, the what is called of intermeshing gear shift sleeve toothing and gear shift toothing 20 is rearmounted.

Claims (13)

1. a synchronizer unit for speed changer (12), it has:
The sync-body (14) can rotated around variator axis (A),
Can not rotate but the gear shift sleeve (18) that can axially movably arrange relative to sync-body (14),
By the synchronizing ring (26) that frictional engagement makes described sync-body (14) engage with a shifting gear (22) of speed changer (12),
Be distributed in the multiple bases (36) on the periphery of sync-body (14), and
Radial direction applies spring force (F towards gear shift sleeve (18) to base (36) f) and the spring part (38) of the surface of contact (40) of described base (36) that recline,
It is characterized in that, the surface of contact (40) of described base (36) tilts relative to variator axis (A) at least partly, thus described spring part (38) is by axial force component (F a) be biased and axially mounting in synchronizing ring (26).
2. synchronizer unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the medial axis (B) towards sync-body (14) axially, the radial distance between variator axis (A) and the surface of contact (40) tilted increases progressively.
3. according to the synchronizer unit of one of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, described synchronizing ring (26) is tapered collar, it is from the first axial rings end (28) towards the second relative axial rings end (30) tapered convergent, wherein, the adjacent described sync-body (14) of the second axial rings end (30).
4. synchronizer unit according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described tapered collar has the cambered outwards axle collar in footpath (46) at its second axial rings end (30).
5. synchronizer unit according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described tapered collar at least has the cambered outwards contact pin in footpath at its second axial rings end (30) in base (36) region.
6. the synchronizer unit according to claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that, in the radial axle collar (46) that described spring part (38) is bearing in synchronizing ring (26) in the axial direction or radial contact pin.
7. according to the synchronizer unit of one of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, described sync-body (14) axially adjoins described synchronizing ring (26) and is configured for the axial stop of synchronizing ring (26).
8. according to the synchronizer unit of one of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, be provided with synchronizing ring (26) and spring part (38) in sync-body (14) both sides vertically.
9. according to the synchronizer unit of one of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, the T-shaped formation of axial cross section of described base (36) and each base has a radial web (42) and two axial ledge (44), wherein, described synchronizing ring (26) is adjacent described web (42) axially, and is formed in described flange (44) for the surface of contact (40) of spring part (38).
10. according to the synchronizer unit of one of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, described gear shift sleeve (18) can move axially relative to sync-body (14), wherein, described gear shift sleeve (18) connects not arranged and formed to lock together with base (36) in axially fixed relative to sync-body (14) on the neutral position that operates.
11. according to the synchronizer unit of one of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, described gear shift sleeve (18) can move axially relative to sync-body (14), wherein, described gear shift sleeve (18) engages with shifting gear (22) anti-rotating of speed changer (12) and is formed to lock together with base (36) and connects on an axial shift pattern.
12. according to the synchronizer unit of one of aforementioned claim, and it is characterized in that, described spring part (38) is formed with the form of springs of radial elastic.
13. synchronizer unit according to claim 12, is characterized in that, described spring part (38) is configured to spring ring or has the helical spring of one or more circle.
CN201410240814.2A 2013-05-31 2014-05-30 The synchronizer unit of speed changer Active CN104214237B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013105622.9 2013-05-31
DE102013105622.9A DE102013105622A1 (en) 2013-05-31 2013-05-31 Synchronization unit of a manual transmission

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CN104214237A true CN104214237A (en) 2014-12-17
CN104214237B CN104214237B (en) 2017-09-12

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DE (1) DE102013105622A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3006401B1 (en)

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DE102016206569B4 (en) * 2016-04-19 2018-04-26 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Synchro ring spring with locking function
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DE102019119016A1 (en) * 2019-07-12 2021-01-14 Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding Gmbh Synchronization unit for a manual transmission

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CN1604997A (en) * 2001-12-17 2005-04-06 斯堪尼亚有限公司 Assembly system for synchronizing devices in a gearbox
DE202006008636U1 (en) * 2006-05-31 2006-08-31 Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Gmbh Synchronizing ring for a synchronizing device of a gear box comprises an annular body, an outer toothed structure arranged on one axial end of the annular body, a bearing surface and an index cam
CN201348012Y (en) * 2009-01-13 2009-11-18 哈尔滨东安汽车发动机制造有限公司 Novel multi-cone synchro structure
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107013601A (en) * 2016-01-27 2017-08-04 本田技研工业株式会社 The abnormal sound reduction device of speed changer
CN107013601B (en) * 2016-01-27 2018-12-07 本田技研工业株式会社 The abnormal sound of speed changer reduces device

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FR3006401B1 (en) 2019-03-22
DE102013105622A1 (en) 2014-12-18
FR3006401A1 (en) 2014-12-05
CN104214237B (en) 2017-09-12

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