CN104210348B - 一种混合动力车辆的动力分配动力*** - Google Patents

一种混合动力车辆的动力分配动力*** Download PDF

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CN104210348B
CN104210348B CN201410228289.2A CN201410228289A CN104210348B CN 104210348 B CN104210348 B CN 104210348B CN 201410228289 A CN201410228289 A CN 201410228289A CN 104210348 B CN104210348 B CN 104210348B
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axis
dynamical system
input shaft
gear
motor
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CN104210348A (zh
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约瑟夫·杰拉尔德·苏皮纳
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

一种动力***包括：行星齿轮组，其包括连接到可驱动地连接到发动机的轴的输入轴、可驱动地连接到电机的第二输入轴，以及可驱动地连接到对轴的输出；通过第一对啮合齿轮可释放地连接对轴和输入轴的离合器；以及可释放地保持输入轴和使得输入轴不转动的制动器。

Description

一种混合动力车辆的动力分配动力***
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及一种混合动力车辆的动力分配动力***(powersplitpowertrain)。
背景技术
混合动力车辆(HEV)的动力***包括发动机、至少一个可以充当电动机/发电机的电机和动力电池(traction battery)，其中发动机和电机可以分别地驱动车轮，发动机可以通过操作为发电机的电机对动力电池充电，并且通过为电机提供动力以充当发电机对电池再充电，车辆动能可以在减速的过程中得到恢复和再生。
动力分配动力***在城市驾驶过程中提供了良好的燃油经济性，但由于负分流操作(negative split operation)也在公路驾驶过程中引发了不利后果。使用离合器使发电机接地没有产生在正常公路驾驶条件下发动机的最佳速比。
动力分配动力***没有专用的逆转齿轮，而是仅使用电动机产生逆向操作以提供扭矩。由于这一操作，反向发动能力(reverse launch capability)直接与峰值电动机扭矩相关，其通常小于传统车辆。对于动力分配混合***，峰值电动机扭矩因此是关键设计参数。
使用发电机制动器，可以在公路行驶速度下接合发电机制动器，由此消除发生在负分流操作过程中的传输损耗。然而，由于传动比，这典型地产生对于最佳燃油消耗来说过高的发动机速度。实际上发电机制动器的使用被限制在很小的操作范围内。
包括位于发动机输入轴上的单向离合器的动力分配动力***允许发电机贡献扭矩来提高前向发动过程中的峰值输出扭矩。然而，已经发现当发动机启动的时候，这会导致在输出轴扭矩中的大的“扭矩孔”的减小。另外，单向离合器可以不用于协助反向发动，因为扭矩方向不会导致离合器接合。
发明内容
一种动力***，包括行星齿轮组、连接到可驱动地连接到发动机的轴的输入轴、可驱动地连接到电机的第二输入轴，以及可驱动地连接到对轴(countershaft)的输出、通过第一对啮合齿轮可释放地连接对轴和轴的离合器，以及可释放地保持轴和使得输入轴不转动的制动器。
通过为公路驾驶增加单独的固定传动比，该传动比可以设计为使公路燃油经济性最大化。同样，由于发电机可以在车辆发动过程中贡献扭矩，所以***的峰值电动机扭矩需求减少。
动力***的低速发动扭矩通过接合的离合器提高，因为两个电机都可以通过发动机旋转而不是产生扭矩而用来发动车辆。这减少了电动机的峰值电动机扭矩需求，并且减小了伴随单向离合器的“扭矩孔”。
制动器保持发动机输入轴锁定在零速度，允许两个电机促成前向和反向驾驶扭矩和起动。在PHEV车辆中，可以在整个电荷耗尽操作过程中采用该模式，因为两个电机的扭矩和动力可以组合以提供推进力。
根据以下详细的说明书、权利要求书和附图，优选实施例的适用范围将显而易见。应当理解的是，说明和具体的实施例尽管表明本发明的优选实施方式，但仅通过说明的方式给出。对说明的实施例和示例的各种改变和修饰对所属领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的。
附图说明
结合附图、参照下面的说明，本发明将更容易理解，附图中：
图1是HEV动力***的原理图；
图2是图1所示的HEV动力***的可选实施方式的原理图。
具体实施方式
首先参照图1，HEV动力***10包括：如内燃机12、如柴油机或汽油机这样的的动力源；行星齿轮组14；通常被称为电动机的第一电机16；副轴传动装置18；差速器20；通常被称为发电机的第二电机22；以及可驱动地连接到差速器20的对轴24。
虽然在习惯上电机16有时是指电动机或牵引电动机，并且电机22有时是指发电机，但是每一个电机16、22均为电动发电机，并且可根据需要操作为电动机或发电机。
行星齿轮组14的太阳齿轮27固定到电机22(发电机)的转子28。通过扭振减震器34和轴36，行星齿轮组14的托架32连接到发动机12。通过互相啮合并形成副轴齿轮副(layshaft gear pair)40-42的齿轮40和齿轮42，齿轮组14的环形齿轮39可驱动地连接到对轴24。支承在托架32上的行星齿轮43与环形齿轮39和太阳齿轮27连续啮合。
电机16(电动机)的转子44通过齿轮副46-48连接到对轴24。
对轴24通过齿轮60和齿轮62连接到差速器20，差速器20通过半轴或驱动轴68、70向车辆车轮传递动力。
油泵72通过齿轮74和齿轮76可驱动地连接到轴36和发动机输出。
当激活固定的齿轮模式时，通过允许在发动机速度和输出轴速度之间的特定比率，动力***10提供提高的公路燃油经济性。这是通过固定到轴36的摩擦离合器80、齿轮82和固定到对轴24并且与齿轮82连续啮合形成齿轮副82-84的齿轮84来完成的。接合离合器80以在发动机曲轴86和对轴24之间来产生固定的速比。
动力***10还包括摩擦制动器88，摩擦制动器88可以通过将其接地至箱90而使发动机曲轴86保持为零速度。当制动器88接合时，其凭借行星齿轮组14通过保持托架32不转动来提供增加的反向起动扭矩，同时电机22(发电机)驱动太阳齿轮27和输出环形齿轮39在相对于转子28的反向上转动。
图2展示了重新设置使得移除离合器80和制动器88的动力***10的组件。齿轮100被固定到轴36上。与齿轮100啮合的齿轮102轴颈连接到对轴24。离合器104和制动器106轴颈连接到对轴24。接合离合器104以产生固定速比，该固定速比由齿轮副100-102在发动机曲轴86和对轴24之间产生。当制动器106接合时，其凭借行星齿轮组14通过保持支架32不转动而提供方向发动扭矩，同时电机22(发电机)驱动太阳齿轮27和输出环形齿轮39在相对于转子28的反向上转动。
离合器80、104和制动器88、106可以是液压驱动的滑板摩擦装置、同步器、爪形离合器或实现离合器的任意其它已知方法。
在离合器80、104和制动器88、106分离或打开的情况下运行时，动力***10操作为标准动力分配变速器，其在城市驾驶过程中提供良好的燃油经济性。
在公路驾驶条件下，最好在离合器80、104接合或关闭并且制动器88、106打开的情况下操作动力***10。发动机速度直接与输出轴速度相关联。典型地，将选择发动机速度和输出轴速度之间的比率从而优化公路燃油经济性。在该公路操作模式下，电机16(电动机)可以在分离离合器80、104的情况下提供额外扭矩以帮助加速和短阶段攀爬。
在该公路操作模式中，行星齿轮组14中的速度关系是固定的，所以电机22(发电机)将以输出轴速度的固定倍数进行旋转。电机22(发电机)可以贡献驱使车辆的扭矩和动力。如果有足够的电池供电，则可以同时通过电机22(发电机)、电机16(电动机)和发动机12提供推进力。
通过在离合器80、104接合的情况下的发动以及在发动机12转动但不产生扭矩的情况下利用两个电机22(发电机)和电机16(电动机)发动车辆，以此提高动力***10的低速发动扭矩。这减少了电动机的峰值电动机扭矩需求，并减小了当利用具有输入轴上的单向离合器的双电动机起动时出现的“扭矩孔”。
可选地，车辆发动操作可以通过分离离合器80、104和接合制动器88、106得到改进。在离合器打开并且制动器关闭的情况下，发动机速度是零，并且由电机22(发电机)产生的扭矩被以大比率传送到对轴24。这可以用于提高动力***10的前向发动和反向发动能力。
除了发动之外，在制动器关闭的情况下在电荷耗尽模式操作插电式HEV允许电机22(发电机)的扭矩和动力与电机16(电动机)的扭矩和力相组合，以提供车轮上更高的动力水平。这允许在不累及PHEV电驱动能力的情况下使用更小的电机16(电动机)。例如，70kW的电机16(电动机)加上50kW的电机22(发电机)将提供120kW的输出能力。为了在没有制动器的情况下提供相同水平的输出功率，电机16(电动机)将需要能够提供满120kW的能力。
可以如图1和2所示以组合的方式实施离合器80和制动器90，或者单独实施，即根据动力***构造10或100，在离合器80实施并且制动器90缺少的情况下，或者在制动器90实施并且离合器80缺少的情况下。
根据专利法规的规定，已经对优选实施例进行了说明。然而，应当注意的是除了具体说明和描述之外，可以实施替换的实施例。

Claims (10)

1.一种动力***，其特征在于，包含：
行星齿轮组，其包括连接到可驱动地连接到发动机的轴的输入轴、可驱动地连接到电机的第二输入轴，以及可驱动地连接到对轴的输出；
通过第一对啮合齿轮可释放地连接对轴和轴的离合器，在公路驾驶条件下，当离合器接合并且制动器打开时，所述发动机速度与所述输出轴速度直接关联；
所述制动器可释放地保持轴和使得输入轴不转动。
2.如权利要求1所述的动力***，其特征在于，进一步包含通过第二对啮合齿轮连接到对轴的电机。
3.如权利要求2所述的动力***，其特征在于，进一步包含第三对啮合齿轮，通过该第三对啮合齿轮，输出连接到对轴。
4.如权利要求3所述的动力***，其特征在于，进一步包含第四对啮合齿轮，通过该第四对啮合齿轮，对轴连接到差速器。
5.如权利要求1所述的动力***，其特征在于，差速器在对轴和车辆车轮之间传递动力。
6.如权利要求1所述的动力***，其特征在于，轴通过扭振减震器将输入轴连接到发动机，轴在其上支承离合器和制动器。
7.如权利要求1所述的动力***，其特征在于，行星齿轮组包括：
包含输入轴的托架；
包含第二输入轴的太阳齿轮；
包含输出的环形齿轮；以及
在托架上支承转动并与太阳齿轮和环形齿轮啮合的行星齿轮。
8.一种动力***，其特征在于，包含：
行星齿轮组，其包括连接到发动机的输入轴、连接到电机的第二输入轴和连接到对轴的输出；
第一齿轮副，其包括固定到输入轴的第一构件和支承在对轴的第二构件；
离合器，其通过第一齿轮副连接对轴和输入轴，在公路驾驶条件下，当离合器接合并且制动器打开时，所述发动机速度与所述输出轴速度直接关联。
9.如权利要求8所述的动力***，其特征在于，进一步包含通过第二对啮合齿轮连接到对轴的电机。
10.如权利要求9所述的动力***，其特征在于，进一步包含第三对啮合齿轮，通过该第三对啮合齿轮，对轴连接到差速器。
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