CN104205281B - Equipment for an extremely middle switching DC current in direct current network - Google Patents

Equipment for an extremely middle switching DC current in direct current network Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104205281B
CN104205281B CN201280072268.5A CN201280072268A CN104205281B CN 104205281 B CN104205281 B CN 104205281B CN 201280072268 A CN201280072268 A CN 201280072268A CN 104205281 B CN104205281 B CN 104205281B
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China
Prior art keywords
switch
current
submodule
power semiconductor
semiconductor switch
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CN201280072268.5A
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CN104205281A (en
Inventor
D.埃尔金
H.甘巴赫
H-J.克纳克
A.菲利普
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/544—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being an insulated gate bipolar transistor, e.g. IGBT, Darlington configuration of FET and bipolar transistor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

For reliability and the fault current for being disconnected in direct current network at low cost, wherein little loss is produced simultaneously in normal operation, it is proposed that a kind of extremely middle equipment (1) for switching DC current in direct current network, the equipment have：Two binding posts (2,3), for being connected in series with the pole；The primary current leg (4) extended between the binding post (2,3), arranges two mechanical switch (6,7) in the primary current leg；In the binding post (2,3) the by-pass current branch road (5) being connected in parallel with primary current leg (4) extended between, also two mechanical switch (8 are arranged in the by-pass current branch road, 9) and/or two power semiconductors (20,21)；Middle branch (11), which is arranged in mechanical switch (6 by primary current path (4), 7) the middle branch potential point (10) between, with by-pass current branch road (5) be arranged in mechanical switch (8, 9) the middle branch potential point (12) between is interconnected, and which has power switch unit (13), the power switch unit has the series circuit being made up of bipolar submodule (14), the submodule is respectively provided with least one power semiconductor switch (22) and the part (24) for reducing the energy discharged in switching；With for DC current to be commutated to commutation part (34) in middle branch (11), conduct through middle branch (11) so as to total DC current, wherein commutation part (34) has at least one controllable power semiconductor (22,36).

Description

Equipment for an extremely middle switching DC current in direct current network
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of equipment of an extremely middle switching DC current in direct current network branch road.
Background technology
Energy requirement and while desired CO2 emission reduces causes so-called renewable energy that world wide increases Source is increasingly attractive.Renewable energy resource is, for example, the wind power plant that seashore is built or the desert ground in illumination abundance The photovoltaic power generation equipment in area.In order to economically using such energy for producing, renewable energy resource and continent power supply network Connection is more and more important.Based on the background, construction and the operation of the direct current network of networking are discussed more and more.But for this Precondition is that the short circuit current being likely to occur in the direct current network of such networking quickly and reliably can be disconnected. But need for this so far commercially also unavailable DC voltage switch.It is known for from the prior art such The different concepts of DC voltage switch.
A kind of DC voltage switch is described in WO2011/057675A1, and which has the operation electricity with mechanical switch Flow path and the disconnected branches being connected in parallel with running current path.The string of power semiconductor switch is arranged in disconnected branches Connection circuit, the power semiconductor switch respectively with a fly-wheel diode reverse parallel connection.By power semiconductor switch and afterflow The switch element differential concatenation ground arrangement of diode composition, can wherein disconnect power semiconductor switch arranged in series, and for Each power semiconductor switch arranges a corresponding power semiconductor switch with opposite conductivity direction.By this way may be used To interrupt the electric current in the both direction in disconnected branches.Also arrange in addition to mechanical switch in running current path The electron assistant switch that connects with mechanical switch.In normal operation, electric current is through running current path and thus through electronics Auxiliary switch and the mechanical switch flowing through closure, because the power semiconductor switch of disconnected branches for DC current is The resistance of raising.In order to interrupt such as short circuit current, electron assistant switch is transformed into its separation point position.Thus in running current Resistance in path increases, and commutates so as to the DC current in disconnected branches.Quickly machinery disconnect switch is it is possible thereby to quilt No current ground disconnects.Can be interrupted by power semiconductor switch through the short circuit current of disconnected branches conduction.In order to absorb Energy in direct current network, to be reduced in switching is stored in, discharger is provided with, its power semiconductor with disconnected branches Switch is in parallel respectively.
A kind of DC voltage switch is described in DE69408811T2, and two of which mechanical switch is connected in series.By two The overvoltage in case high protected by the series circuit that individual mechanical switch is formed by discharger and capacitor.Can connect and can disconnect Power semiconductor switch is only in parallel with a mechanical switch.Electric arc is produced when mechanical switch disconnects.The electricity landed on electric arc Pressure triggers power semiconductor switch, and thus the mechanical switch of disconnection in parallel is shorted.Arc extinction.Open through power semiconductor The electric current for closing conduction now can be by being interrupted to the corresponding control of power semiconductor.
A kind of direct-voltage power switch is described in US5999388, and which can be integrated in AC voltage line in series In.Which is constituted by can connect the series circuit that can disconnect power semiconductor switch, and described connection can disconnect power semiconductor and open Close and be connected in parallel a reverse fly-wheel diode respectively.One is connected in parallel with each power semiconductor switch in addition for pressure limiting Discharger, such as variable resistor.Known DC voltage switch is purely electronically realized, thus with common machine on market Tool switch is compared and is significantly more quickly switched.Can disconnect the short circuit current that flowing is switched through DC voltage in several microseconds.So And defect is, operating current also has to pass through power semiconductor switch conduction.Thus high loss is produced.
WO2011/141055 discloses a kind of DC voltage switch, and which can be connected in series to the one of high-voltage direct current power grid Individual extremely in.The DC voltage switch is made up of the mechanical switch that is connected with power semiconductor switch, and the power semiconductor is opened Close and be connected in parallel a reverse fly-wheel diode again.The series circuit that is made up of coil and capacitor, namely LC branch road and Discharger, is connected in parallel with the series circuit being made up of power semiconductor switch and mechanical switch, and the discharger is limited in LC The voltage landed on branch road.Power semiconductor switch is also connected in parallel discharger.After mechanical switch disconnects, power semiconductor Switch is switched on and off with the intrinsic frequency of LC branch road.Thus vibration is produced in mechanical switch and finally produces current over-zero Point, such that it is able to make the arc extinction of generation.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of equipment being initially mentioned, can be reliable using the equipment And cost low land disconnects the fault current in direct current network, wherein while producing little loss in normal operation.
The present invention is by a kind of for solving above-mentioned skill in the equipment of direct current network extremely middle switching DC current Art problem, the equipment have：Two binding posts, for being connected in series with the pole；The principal current extended between binding post Branch road, arranges two mechanical switch in the primary current leg；Extended between binding post is in parallel with primary current leg The by-pass current branch road of connection, also arranges two mechanical switch in the by-pass current branch road and/or two power are partly led Body；Middle branch, its middle branch potential point that primary current path is arranged between mechanical switch and by-pass current branch road The middle branch potential point that arranges between mechanical switch or between power semiconductor interconnect, and which has power and opens Unit is closed, the power switch unit has the series circuit being made up of bipolar submodule, the submodule is respectively provided with least One power semiconductor switch and the part for reducing the energy discharged in switching；In DC current is commutated to Between commutation part in branch road, conduct through middle branch so as to total DC current, wherein commutation part has at least one Controllable power semiconductor.
So-called H circuit is provided according to the present invention, its have the branch road of two extensions parallel to each other, i.e. primary current leg with And by-pass current branch road.Two parallel branch roads extend respectively between two binding posts, and wherein each described branch road has two Individual mechanical switch.Potential point between the mechanical switch of primary current leg with by-pass current branch road two mechanical switch it Between or power semiconductor switch between potential point through middle branch be connected.Power switch list is arranged in middle branch Unit, its include the series circuit being made up of bipolar submodule in terms of which.Each submodule can be connected and can break with least one Power semiconductor switch, that is, IGBT, IGCT, TGO etc. is opened, power semiconductor switch is respectively provided with reverse parallel connection as needed Fly-wheel diode.But replace and can also adopt power semiconductor switch with reverse-conducting ability.The number of submodule Amount depends on respective requirement.In each case, the submodule of power switch unit allows for absorbing the voltage for applying, and And high short circuit current can also be disconnected safely and sufficiently rapidly.The energy for being stored in direct current network and discharging when disconnecting Measure and reduced by the suitable components for reducing switching energy.Here is, for example, nonlinear resistance, for example discharger, variable resistance Device etc..If the voltage for landing thereon exceedes threshold voltage, the component is showed as Ohmic resistance, and wherein which will be in switching When the energy that discharges be converted to heat energy and export in external environment.Suitably, by the portion for reducing switching energy Part is integrated in submodule.Unlike this, nonlinear resistance is connected in parallel with one or more submodules respectively.In addition exist In the scope of the present invention, submodule can also be with accumulator.Within the scope of the invention, to be switched DC current is normal Can individually conduct through primary current leg during operation.Alternatively, DC current is in normal operation both through primary current leg Also pass through the conduction of by-pass current branch road.H circuit allows DC current to commutate in middle branch in each case so which is only The direction of DC current is stood on, is always only conducted through middle branch in one direction.The power of power switch unit is partly led Thus body is necessarily constructed as in principle and is only used for switching electric current in one direction.But may in possible power network fluctuation Must take into the reversing the current in middle branch.
Additionally, being also provided with, according to the present invention, the part that commutates, which has at least one controllable power semiconductor.In the present invention In the range of, commutation part allows for a fragment of the to be switched DC current at least from primary current leg to centre Active commutation in branch road.Control the power semiconductor of commutation part by control signal for this so that in primary current leg With may be in the fragment of by-pass current branch road resistance improve or produce through the fragment conduction loop current, its It is of about zero to be superimposed with to be switched DC current.Commutation part supports that when DC current is commutated in middle branch machinery is opened Close.
Advantageously, charging paths are set, its on the one hand with earth potential or opposite pole with the pole opposite polarity of direct current network It is connected, and is on the other hand connected with middle branch or can be connected, wherein charging paths has Ohmic resistance.Charging paths were both For startup optimization, and the operation for equipment in normal operation.If charging paths are for example connected to by-pass current branch road Middle branch potential point, then primary current leg is through middle branch and charging paths and earth potential or contrary with direct current network Extremely it is connected.Thus apply the fortune of the electronic device of the power semiconductor switch of such as power switch unit on power switch unit The voltage that row can be adopted.If submodule is with accumulator in middle branch, which can be electrically charged through charging paths, The height of wherein charging current is determined by the design of the Ohmic resistance of charging paths.Within the scope of the invention, charging paths or Person is connected with middle branch incessantly, or which has mechanical switch, can be set up using the mechanical switch and also can To interrupt the connection between charging paths and middle branch.Due to Ohmic resistance just can in fault-free operation of power networks not between Connection between charging paths and middle branch is provided disconnectedly.Within the scope of the invention, it is not required that disconnect short circuit electricity Charging paths are separated from middle branch before stream.Within the scope of the invention, electric current flowing is propped up by charging at any time The Ohmic resistance on road is limited.
Armed with power switch unit, then short circuit current for example can be by the equipment disconnection according to the present invention.? In normal operation, DC current passes through the primary current leg with two mechanical switch and almost flows without loss.This is pressing By-pass current branch road is also set up in the case of symmetric construction according to the equipment of the present invention.Primary current leg in case of a fault The switch being arranged in direction of current flow after middle branch potential point and being arranged in if necessary of by-pass current branch road Mechanical switch before middle branch potential point disconnects.When not taking further measures, due to switch contact separation and Produce electric arc.Commutation part completely inhibits the generation of electric arc in the ideal case.By switching, electric current is from primary current leg Commutate to the bottom with by-pass current branch road in middle branch.Then the power semiconductor switch of power switch unit can disconnect Short circuit current.The energy of here release is reduced by the part for reducing the energy discharged in switching.Finally according to this Remaining mechanical switch of the equipment of invention also disconnects.Short circuit current is disconnected, and middle branch is electrically separated with wire.
The resistance of charging paths is configured to high resistant so which at least temporarily can be transported on the full DC voltage for occurring OK, and while being configured to low-resistance so that filling needed for being pre-charged to accumulator and making charging persistently keep can be flow through Electric current.For the charging accumulator to power switch unit, several kilovolts of voltage drop is enough.The resistance of charging paths is thus May be constructed such that very high resistant.Thus the maximum loss power of Ohmic resistance and component size are relatively small.
Suitably, charging paths are connected with the middle branch potential point of by-pass current branch road or can be connected.According to this The bright favorable structure, charging current are flowed from primary current leg through whole middle branch.When primary current leg is in electric current When first mechanical switch on flow direction is in its closing position, thus all accumulators being arranged in middle branch may be used To be electrically charged.
Suitably, charging paths have the mechanical switch that connects with Ohmic resistance, and which is configured to charging paths It is connected with middle branch.As explained, mechanical switch can be relatively slow mechanical switch due to Ohmic resistance.Switch E.g. simple breaker, which almost disconnects on no current ground.The resistance heat of charging paths is unloaded by switch, the resistance It is referred to as pre-charge resistance.
Advantageously, the submodule of power switch unit is respectively provided with one at least in part and can connect and can disconnect power and partly lead The fly-wheel diode that body is switched and is connected in antiparallel therewith.Alternatively, each submodule can also with single can be reverse The power semiconductor switch of conducting.As power semiconductor switch, for example, consider IGBT, IGCT, GTO etc..Generally power is partly led Body switch has multiple arrangements power semiconductor switch chip in the housing.Such as closing line (Bonddraht) is used for connecting The load connector of power semiconductor switch chip.But unlike this, can also be connect using pressure within the scope of the invention Tactile power semiconductor switch, wherein power semiconductor switch chip are interconnected through pressure contact in load connector side.So And such power semiconductor switch is that constructing here hence for which need not discuss in detail known to professional.
The connecting of submodule can disconnect power semiconductor switch and be preferably constructed in for disconnecting in one direction Electric current.
However, according to extension unlike this, the submodule of power switch unit is by the difference of its power semiconductor switch Two groups with the conducting direction being orientated in the same manner are formed, and wherein, the power semiconductor switch of a group is organized with another Power semiconductor switch is oppositely oriented.According to the advantageous extension, electric current not only can be through disconnected branches two electric current sides Flow up, and electric current in the two directions safely can disconnect.If for example as power network fluctuation, electric current is first Side flows up, then control first group of power semiconductor switch, to disconnect electric current in said first direction.If electric Stream flows in a second opposite direction, then using second group of power semiconductor switch.
In the preferable configuration of the present invention, the submodule of power switch unit be respectively provided with least in part accumulator and with What accumulator was connected in parallel can be connected the series circuit that can disconnect that power semiconductor switch constitutes, the power semiconductor by two Switch is respectively provided with the fly-wheel diode that arranges therewith reverse parallel connection, one of submodule binding post with can connect and can break Open potential point between power semiconductor switch to be connected, and of another binding post and accumulator is extremely connected.Such Submodule topology is also referred to as half-bridge.
Single power semiconductor switch is substituted in a submodule certainly, it would however also be possible to employ the power of Synchronization Control is partly led The series circuit of body switch.The power semiconductor switch of the Synchronization Control of series circuit then with single power semiconductor switch one Sample works.In addition this point is for the submodule being described below in detail, that is, for full-bridge circuit or brake governor circuit Also set up.
In order that the energy discharged in switching being stored in direct current network is reduced, the every height to power switch unit Module is arranged for example with discharger and/or at least one nonlinear resistance of rheostat form.Nonlinear resistance for example with entirely Submodule is connected in parallel.
As the submodule of the power switch unit of half-bridge configuration, only can turn-off current in one direction.If will Electric current flowing in the two directions is disconnected, then here also needs to form the submodule of two groups, the submodule of one of group For the disconnection of electric current in a first direction, and the submodule of another group is used in the second party contrary with first direction The disconnection of electric current upwards.
However, according to the preferable configuration of the present invention, the submodule of power switch unit is configured to full-bridge at least in part Circuit, and thus there are accumulator and two series circuits being connected in parallel with accumulator, the series circuit is respectively provided with Connecting for two fly-wheel diodes for being respectively provided with reverse parallel connection can disconnect power semiconductor switch, wherein the first binding post with Potential point between two power semiconductor switch of the first series circuit is connected, and the second submodule binding post with the Potential point between two power semiconductor switch of two series circuits is connected.Such full-bridge circuit can interrupt, in other words Electric current in the two directions is namely disconnected.
As already explained, each submodule of power switch unit is suitably had and can be disconnected with single connection Power semiconductor switch is connected in parallel or the discharger that is connected in parallel with the accumulator of submodule and/or rheostat.
Advantageously, the submodule of power switch unit have can disconnect power by with connecting for reverse fly-wheel diode Semiconductor switch and the series circuit with fly-wheel diode conducting direction identical diode composition, wherein series circuit and energy storage Device is connected in parallel, and the first submodule binding post and can disconnect electricity between power semiconductor switch and diode connecting Gesture point is connected, and of another submodule binding post and accumulator is extremely connected, and can connect and can disconnect power and partly lead Body switch arrangement is between submodule binding post.Such submodule is properly termed as only having the half of a controllable power semiconductor Bridge.The relative configurations of full-bridge circuit can be equally favourable within the scope of the invention.Such full-bridge circuit then has two Individual controlled power semiconductor switch.
Unlike this, the submodule of power switch unit is configured to brake governor module at least in part.So Brake governor module there is accumulator, which is connected in parallel with the first series circuit.First series circuit is by with reversely simultaneously The connecting of the fly-wheel diode of connection can disconnect power semiconductor switch and identical with fly-wheel diode the diode group being orientated Become.Second series circuit is provided with addition, and which is equally connected in parallel with accumulator.Second series circuit is by with reverse parallel connection Fly-wheel diode connect the diode that can disconnect that power semiconductor switch is orientated identically with fly-wheel diode with another Composition.Ohmic resistance is bypassed by the diode of the second series circuit.One of first submodule binding post and accumulator is extremely connected, And the potential between the second submodule binding post and the disconnected power semiconductor switch in the first series circuit and diode Point is connected.Such brake governor module can will be stored in energy in electrical network, to be reduced in switching particularly well Be converted to heat energy and be directed in external environment condition.
According to preferable configuration, the commutation part in middle branch is arranged in series with power switch unit, and is constructed It is the loop current flowed at least one mechanical switch produced through primary current leg, itself and to be switched DC current On the contrary.Such loop current can be produced in two mesh on the left side of middle branch and the right, wherein each mesh by One fragment in middle branch, a fragment of primary current path and by-pass current path is constituted.Itself and master in a mesh To be switched DC current in current branch is contrary.Ideally two electric currents add up to zero, so as to then in primary current leg The fragment in mechanical switch can be disconnected with no current.But in another mesh, loop current and principal current are propped up DC current to be broken in road flows in a same direction and thus amplifies.In the symmetrical of the equipment according to the present invention In construction, corresponding situation is also set up for by-pass current branch road, so as to mechanical switch in by-pass current branch road also no current Ground disconnects.Thus the switch of two no current ground disconnections is arranged in DC current in by-pass current branch road and primary current leg On direction after respective middle branch potential point.Disconnect at least one mechanical switch of primary current leg, and to be cut The DC current for changing when the mechanical switch that equally disconnected of flowing of by-pass current branch road or diode prevent, external electrical The electric current for flow, namely flowing in the DC voltage switch external according to the present invention could be impacted.Here commutation part is by structure Make for its needed for time window in produce high backward voltage in the mesh, so as to the electric current suppressed in primary current leg Flowing, and the mechanical switch being arranged on the flow direction of DC current after the middle branch potential point of primary current leg Can be disconnected with no current.
Suitably, commutation part has the current sensor being arranged in primary current leg.Current sensor with according to this The control of the equipment of invention or adjustment unit are connected.Current sensor gathers the electric current through primary current leg flowing and is directed to Adjustment unit provides current measurement value.Adjustment unit is connect to check according to the appearance of the standard of violation (Eingriffkriterium) The current measurement value for receiving.Such violation standard is, for example, too big electric current increase, di/dt, or the current value when measurement Then standard appearance is violated when in predetermined time window more than current threshold.But in principle within the scope of the invention, with Any combination of other measured values of protection equipment etc. or other standards are all possible.If there is such violation standard, Then electric current is diverted in middle branch and mechanical switch disconnects.Once mechanical switch can absorb voltage, then now pass through The electric current of middle branch flowing is limited or is disconnected.If electric current is not only disconnected by limiting in middle branch, Then several submodules of only power switch unit are disconnected.If nonlinear resistance such as discharger is in parallel with the submodule for disconnecting even Connect, then nonlinear resistance plays its effect wherein, that is, increases the resistance of middle branch.Flow through middle branch Electric current thus limited.If the restriction for example becomes unnecessary after quick elimination fault, primary current leg can be made Mechanical switch close again, again almost prop up through by-pass current through primary current leg and if necessary without loss so as to electric current Road is flowed.
Related to this suitable extension in, charging paths and power switch unit and commutation part between potential point It is connected.Such connection of the charging paths between commutation part and power switch unit so that can be in order to the part that commutates Charging accumulator, the part of by-pass current branch road is also used for charging current.When commutation part has as so-called half-bridge During the submodule of construction, then this point is particularly advantageous.
According to the preferable configuration of the present invention, the part that commutates is made up of the series circuit of bipolar submodule, wherein each submodule Block has accumulator and the power semiconductor switch being connected in parallel with accumulator.Can adjust by power semiconductor circuits bipolar The voltage landed on submodule binding post of submodule.Be applied on submodule binding post on accumulator land voltage or Person's no-voltage, namely without voltage.Thus due to the series circuit, on the whole series circuit of the submodule of commutation part The voltage of landing can be adjusted step by step, and its intermediate height corresponds to the voltage landed on the accumulator of submodule.Institute The voltage that states in mesh by the part generation that commutates is higher, and the loop current driven by the voltage is higher.
As described by the submodule already in connection with power switch unit, the construction of the power semiconductor circuits of the part that commutates Can be half-bridge circuit or full-bridge circuit.If power semiconductor circuits are half-bridge circuits, only arrange and be respectively provided with reversely Two of fly-wheel diode in parallel can disconnect a series circuit of power semiconductor switch, wherein the first submodule binding post with Potential point between power semiconductor switch can be disconnected it is connected connecting, and another submodule binding post and accumulator One is extremely connected.Submodule as the commutation part of half-bridge circuit construction so must be orientated so that can be in running current The backward voltage with desired polarity is produced in path.Then commutation part half-bridge circuit generally with power switch unit The half-bridge circuit of submodule is oppositely oriented.
Unlike this, the power semiconductor circuits of the submodule of commutation part are with accumulator together as full-bridge circuit structure Make, wherein, as already described above, be provided with two series circuits.Two series circuits are connected in parallel with accumulator, and It is respectively provided with two and is respectively provided with connecting for reverse parallel connection fly-wheel diode and can disconnects power semiconductor switch.Substitute to have and continue The power semiconductor switch of stream diode, can also be using the power semiconductor switch for being capable of reverse-conducting.In two power half Potential point between conductor switch is connected with a sub- module wiring terminal respectively, so as to can occur on submodule binding post Voltage, no-voltage or the reverse accumulator voltage landed on accumulator.Full-bridge circuit is it is possible thereby to produce with opposed polarity Voltage.This is particularly advantageous when producing reverse voltage for electric current in the two directions.
Capacitor is for example set, used as commutation part and the accumulator of the submodule of power switch unit.
According to the construction of the present invention unlike this, the part that commutates is configured to the semiconductor switch that commutates, and which is arranged in master In current branch.Commutation semiconductor switch as other power semiconductor switch be can connect can disconnecting and as needed With reverse parallel connection fly-wheel diode.Substitute the parallel circuit of power semiconductor circuits and fly-wheel diode, it would however also be possible to employ energy The power semiconductor switch of enough reverse-conductings.In order that the energy discharged in switching is reduced, power semiconductor switch can be simultaneously Connection connection discharger, rheostat or other nonlinear resistances.Accumulator such as capacitor etc. can also be used for reducing energy.? This commutation semiconductor switch is arranged in the potential point of middle branch, namely the middle branch potential point of primary current leg and main electricity Between one mechanical switch of stream branch road.Thus arrange two with reverse parallel connection fly-wheel diode commutation semiconductor switch and When needed as the discharger of the part of the energy minimizing for making to discharge in switching.But nonlinear circuit not always Needs are forced, can be cancelled as needed within the scope of the invention.In order that the electric current through primary current leg flowing is changed To in middle branch, the reversing switch being arranged on the direction of DC current flows after middle branch potential point is changed To its open position, in the open position, it is disconnected through the electric current flowing of reversing switch.If in primary current leg Resistance is too big, then DC current is commutated in middle branch, and can be there targeted after mechanical switch disconnection Be disconnected.With to commutate semiconductor switch control will be arranged in direction of current flow simultaneously, also commutation semiconductor open Mechanical switch after pass disconnects.Select the conducting direction of commutation semiconductor switch so that from middle electric potential of branch point to respective The electric current of associated mechanical switch flowing can be disconnected by commutation semiconductor switch.In order to disconnect two electric current sides To being oppositely oriented according to the commutation semiconductor switch of the embodiment two mutually.
If by-pass current branch road does not have commutation semiconductor switch, in normal operation, mechanical switch disconnects, because Otherwise electric current flowing is due to the resistance of raising in primary current leg through by-pass current bypass flow.By-pass current branch road is thus Mechanical switch that must be with quick-make, to ensure the commutation in middle branch.
According to the preferable configuration of the present invention, thus by-pass current branch road equally has two commutation semiconductor switch, its with The reversing switch of primary current leg is equally arranged and is orientated.The electric current in normal operation it is possible thereby to both through primary current leg and Through by-pass current bypass flow.For the commutation of electric current in middle branch, thus once master will be arranged in primary current leg Reversing switch after the middle branch potential point of current branch, and arrangement is in the flow direction in by-pass current branch road Between reversing switch before electric potential of branch point be transformed into its respective separation point position.
Two mechanical switch are substituted, by-pass current branch road can also be with power semiconductor, wherein middle branch potential point It is arranged between the power semiconductor.The power semiconductor is constructed with the conducting direction being oppositely oriented and for example For diode or IGCT.Which prevents electric current flowing through by-pass current branch road in normal operation.
Suitably, the mechanical switch of primary current leg is configured to high-speed switch and is configured in 1ms to 10ms Disconnect.But the mechanical switch of by-pass current branch road is, for example, relatively slow mechanical switch, which is in the time model of 10ms to 60ms Enclose interior disconnection.Such high-speed switch has the little quality of handoff (Schaltmasse) that must be moved in switching.This external demand Quick response driving is carried out, such as electrodynamics drives.Power semiconductor switch common in the market is generally in 10ms Disconnect to the order of magnitude of 50ms.On such market, common switch is for example arranged in by-pass current branch road.Which is in fault It is disconnected before appearance, the direction of wherein to be switched DC current is known.Certainly it is known that and disconnect in several milliseconds Mechanical switch.
Another deformation program according to the present invention, it is appropriate that the equipment according to the present invention is equally modularly adopted With and be thus applied in series circuit as bipolar or two pole components.
Although finally, it is to be noted, that can connect power semiconductor switch here can be disconnected always respectively in connection with a reverse parallel connection Fly-wheel diode disclosed as the power semiconductor for being capable of reverse-conducting, but this point is first thanks to can disconnect power half Conductor IGBT, IGCT, GTO etc. are generally always commercially sold together with reverse parallel connection fly-wheel diode.Such anti- It is used for the protection of power semiconductor switch to fly-wheel diode, power semiconductor switch is with respect to the electricity contrary with its conducting direction Pressure is extremely sensitive.But the fly-wheel diode is not all to force needs in all situations shown herein.These situations pair It is clearly evident in professional, so as to not be particularly pointed out to this.But wherein with power semiconductor switch reverse parallel connection ground The realization of the present invention that the fly-wheel diode of arrangement can be cancelled due to function restriction should be included in protection domain.
Description of the drawings
Other suitably construction and advantages of the present invention are in the description below with reference to accompanying drawing to embodiments of the invention Hold, wherein identical reference represents the part and wherein of phase same-action：
Fig. 1 shows the first embodiment of the equipment according to the present invention,
Fig. 2 and 3 shows the embodiment according to Fig. 1 in different states, to explain the equipment according to Fig. 1 step by step Charging,
Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the equipment according to the present invention,
Fig. 5 to 8 shows the embodiment of the submodule for adopting in a device in accordance with the invention, and
Fig. 9 to 14 shows the other embodiment of the equipment according to the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the embodiment of the equipment 1 according to the present invention, and which has two binding posts 2 and 3, using the wiring Post, equipment 1 can be connected in series in a pole of direct current network, namely in a wire.Equipment 1 is used for interrupting in direct current Net extremely in electric current flowing and it is possible thereby to be referred to as DC voltage switch.
Equipment 1 is with primary current leg 4 and by-pass current branch road 5.Two electric current roads in the embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 Footpath equality, in other words has about the same resistance.The DC current flowed between binding post 2 and 3 is thus both through main electricity Stream branch road 4 also passes through by-pass current branch road 5 and flows.Primary current leg 4 and by-pass current branch road 5 are respectively provided with two machineries and open Close 6,7,8 and 9.Middle branch potential point 10 is formed between the mechanical switch 6 and 7 of primary current leg 4.Middle branch potential point 10 are connected with the middle branch potential point 12 of by-pass current branch road 5 through middle branch 11.Middle branch 11 is with power switch Unit 13, its have the series circuit of submodule 14, after to also discuss in detail its construction.Here is already mentioned to be, each Submodule 14 can be connected with least one and can disconnect power semiconductor switch, and its conducting direction is from the centre of primary current leg 4 The middle branch potential point 12 of electric potential of branch point 10 to by-pass current branch road 5 is orientated.Thus in this direction through power switch The electric current that unit 13 flows can disconnect power semiconductor switch targetedly by connecting for power switch unit 13 Disconnect.The part of the energy discharged in switching for absorption, namely such as nonlinear resistance such as discharger or rheostat, For absorbing the switching energy of here release.These dischargers or be as shown submodule a part or with one or More submodules are connected in parallel.
Additionally, in FIG it can also be seen that commutation part 34, after equally to also discuss in detail its construction.Commutation part 34 have in Fig. 1 not shown at least one under any circumstance can connect and can disconnect power semiconductor switch.To power In the case that semiconductor switch is accordingly controlled, commutation part 34 executes DC current to be broken in middle branch 11 Commutation.
In order to start electronic device and for the purposes of to the accumulator of power switch unit 13 and commutation portion if necessary The charging accumulator of part, is provided with charging paths 15, and which has Ohmic resistance 16 and the mechanical switch 17 as pre-charge resistance, The mechanical switch here is configured to disconnect switch.Charging paths 15 are connected with earth potential in the embodiment shown in fig. 1.But Unlike this, the opposite pole of charging paths 15 and direct current network, i.e., for example negative pole is connected, and binding post 2 and 3 and direct current network Positive pole be connected.In both deformation programs, apply pole tension and the situation in the closure of mechanical switch 6 in pairs of posts 2 Under switch 17 closure after, there is following possibility：Intercepting can disconnect the electricity of landing on power semiconductor switch connecting The energy supply of the electronic device for power semiconductor switch is pressed, and thus makes power switch unit 13 ready.This Outer have following possibility：The accumulator being arranged in submodule 14 controllably charges, and wherein the height of charging current passes through Europe The size of nurse resistance 16 determines.Ohmic resistance is configured to, and which at least can be temporarily with the pole and earth potential or opposite pole Between land full voltage operation.Switch 17 can keep forever closing in the case of the corresponding high construction of resistance 16 in principle Close.Unlike this, which can be used for unloading that occur, Ohmic resistance 16 when 17 disconnection is switched.
The accumulator of submodule 14 to power switch unit 13 is shown in figs 2 and 3 and if necessary to the part that commutates The charging of the accumulator of 34 unshowned submodule.Only mechanical switch 6 and 17 is closed for this first.Charging current I is present From binding post 2 through switch 6 by middle branch 11 and the flow direction of charging paths 15 ground.Electronics first to power semiconductor switch The energy buffer of device charges, and then the high-voltage energy storage device to submodule 14 charges.If power switch unit 13 prepares Thread, then close switch 7.Principal current now passes through mechanical switch 6 and 7 and flows to binding post 3.But flow through middle branch 11 Charging current keep as by-pass current branch road 5 switch 8 with 9 disconnect as grow time.
Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the equipment 1 according to the present invention, and which corresponds to the enforcement according to Fig. 1 as far as possible Example, however its breaker in middle 8 be arranged in binding post 2 and the branch point between primary current leg 4 and by-pass current branch road 5 18 it Between, switch 9 is arranged between branch point 19 and binding post.Arrange with diode on its position in by-pass current branch road The power semiconductor 20 and 21 of form, its prevent electric current from flowing directly to charging from binding post 2 or 3 through by-pass current branch road 5 In road 15, and conduct without middle branch 11.Switch 8 and 9 between binding post 2 and 3 and branch point 18 or 19 is in principle Can cancel.But its controlled access for realizing direct current network section and unit electrically separated with direct current network.
For illustrating in Fig. 5,6,7 and 8 according to the example of the possible submodule 14 of the equipment 1 of the present invention.In Figure 5 The submodule 14 for illustrating only has and single can disconnect power and partly lead with connecting for the fly-wheel diode 23 being connected in antiparallel Body switch 22.Such submodule 14 is alone may act as power switch unit 13 in the enforcement of the present invention according to Fig. 1 to 4 Part, but without as commutation part 34 part because its situation in middle branch 11 is arranged in Under must be with accumulator, to produce loop current.Discharger 24 and power semiconductor switch 23 and fly-wheel diode in parallel Circuit in parallel connects, and the discharger absorbs the switching energy discharged in switching.Thus discharger 24 is being cut for absorbing The part of the energy discharged when changing.Replace single connection can disconnect power semiconductor, within the scope of the invention can also It is that series circuit can disconnect power semiconductor using controlled connecting simultaneously, wherein single discharger and whole series circuit It is connected in parallel.
The quantity of the submodule 14 in power switch unit 13 is depending on the blocking capability of power semiconductor switch 22, at this It is the blocking capability of IGBT in situation.Which is currently in until in the scope of 6.5kV.Point-to-point connection structure is almost only used as at present Voltage in the high-voltage direct current power grid that makes is generally between 300 and 500kV.The transmission line of 800kV is also known.Discharger 24 be sized to, its are generally ended in the case of working voltage is applied, that is, are not turned on.But if at which The voltage of upper landing exceedes maximum voltage, then its conducting, is possible so as to controlled electric current flowing, and wherein discharger 24 generates heat And electric energy is output in external environment condition as heat energy.The quantity of the discharger 24 being connected in series corresponding to be not turned on, The quantity of the submodule for exactly disconnecting.If namely submodule 14 is not converted into its open position, controlled size Electric current flowing can be determined through discharger.This is for example used for the controlled connection of electrical network section.
Fig. 6 shows submodule 14, and which forms so-called half-bridge.Half-bridge by accumulator 25, here for high-voltage capacitor, with And the series circuit 26 being connected in parallel with accumulator 25 is constituted.Series circuit 26 with two be connected in series with each other with IGBT shape Connecting for formula can disconnect power semiconductor switch 22, and which is connected in antiparallel a fly-wheel diode 23 respectively.First wiring Post 27 is connected with the potential point between two power semiconductor switch 22 of series circuit 26.Second binding post 28 is in energy storage The potential of one pole of device 25.By-pass switch 29 is provided between binding post 27 and 28, can be using the by-pass switch Submodule 14 is bypassed under failure condition.In the case that single submodule breaks down, whole power switch unit 13 keeps energy Enough work.In order to high short circuit current is absorbed, diode 30 is arranged between submodule binding post 27 and 28.Which is through submodule The fly-wheel diode 23 being equally arranged between submodule binding post 27 and 28 is supported in the case that the electric current of the flowing of block 14 is big.Replace For diode 30, it would however also be possible to employ IGCT.But the by-pass switch 29 between binding post and diode 30 or IGCT 30 And not always force to need.If submodule 14 is used for for example in power switch unit 13 disconnecting flowing through middle branch 11 Electric current, then diode 30 or the IGCT that adopts on the position of diode no alternatively can be cancelled.In addition at this The work(of the pressure contact with so-called " Conduct on Fail (turning on during fault) " characteristic can also be adopted in bright scope Rate semiconductor, i.e., which turns in case of a fault.This generally cause diode 30 it is not necessary that.At last it is pointed out that can divide Do not gone here and there using one of power semiconductor switch, namely generally two on the position of two single power semiconductor switch Connection circuit.Half-bridge also has discharger 24 in addition, and which is connected in parallel with accumulator 25.In addition the discharger 24 is also used for absorbing The energy discharged during switching.In the embodiment different from Fig. 6, discharger 24 is arranged between submodule binding post 27 and 28. However, can only disconnect the side from the first submodule binding post 27 to the second submodule binding post 28 according to the half-bridge circuit of Fig. 6 To electric current flowing.Electric current uncontrolledly through fly-wheel diode 23 and is passed through unhinderedly and if necessary in the opposite direction Short-circuit diode 30 flows.But electric current to be broken is only existed in principle by the half-bridge circuit for selecting within the scope of this invention One side passes upward through middle branch 11 and flows, and is special so as to the half-bridge of switching electric current as the submodule 14 in middle branch 11 Not preferred.At this point it can be pointed out that in order to switch or limit electric current, in the power semiconductor switch 22 on Fig. 6 top, that is, not being The power semiconductor switch 22 being arranged between submodule binding post 28,29, it is also possible to cancel.Series circuit 26 according to Fig. 6 Then correspond to the series circuit 26 according to Fig. 8.But such half-bridge submodule 14 is not suitable for the generation of loop current, by This is not suitable as the part of the commutation part 34 in middle branch 11 also to be discussed in detail below.
Fig. 7 shows the submodule 14 that realizes as full-bridge circuit.Full-bridge circuit according to Fig. 7 also has 25 He of accumulator First series circuit 26 of two IGBT 22 of the fly-wheel diode 23 with reverse parallel connection.But it is provided with the second string in addition Connection circuit 31, which is equally connected in parallel accumulator 25, and equally has and be respectively provided with the mutual of reverse parallel connection fly-wheel diode 23 Be in series two IGBT 22 of connection.First submodule binding post 27 and the potential between the IGBT 22 of the first series circuit Point is connected, and the second submodule binding post 28 is connected with the potential point between the IGBT 22 of the second series circuit 31.According to figure 6 half-bridge circuit can land on capacitor 25 according to producing on submodule binding post 27 and 28 to the control of IGBT 22 Condenser voltage Uc or voltage zero, that is, no-voltage.In addition not only can produce on submodule binding post 27 and 28 The condenser voltage Uc landed on accumulator 25 and no-voltage, but also reciprocal capacitance device voltage-Uc can be produced.Thus The submodule binding post 27,28 of full-bridge circuit can be different with polarity.Here is it is further noted that in each series circuit 26 and/or 31 In, in IGBT 22, the IGBT 22 being for example illustrated above respectively in the figure 7, no alternatively can cancel.Namely Say, with two or three can connect the such full-bridge submodule 14 that can disconnect power semiconductor 22 as power switch altogether The part of unit 13 is suitable for switching or limiting the electric current in middle branch 11.But can not be produced using such submodule 14 Loop current.Can connect with two or three and can disconnect the full-bridge submodule 14 of power semiconductor switch 22 and be thus not suitable for As the part of the commutation part 34 in middle branch 11, its construction will be also discussed later in detail.
Fig. 8 shows the submodule 14 of referred to here as brake governor module.Brake governor module 14 also has energy storage Device 25 and the first series circuit 26 being connected in parallel with accumulator 25.But series circuit 26 only has one with reversely simultaneously The power semiconductor switch 22 of connection fly-wheel diode 23.Another diode 32 is IGBT with power semiconductor switch 22, here It is connected in series, the diode is orientated identically with the fly-wheel diode 23 of the first series circuit 26.Again the second string is provided with addition Connection circuit 31, which is equally connected in parallel with accumulator 25, and equally only has one with reverse fly-wheel diode 23 IGBT 22, and another diode 32 is connected in series.Ohm electricity is set in parallel with the diode 32 of the second series circuit 31 Resistance 33.Second series circuit 31 is used for being limited in the voltage that land on accumulator 25.If the voltage is too high, IGBT 22 connects Logical, so as to proceed through the electric current flowing of Ohmic resistance 33 and the electric discharge of accumulator 25.First submodule binding post 27 with Potential point between the diode 32 of the first series circuit 26 and IGBT 22 is connected, and the second submodule binding post 28 is in storage The potential of the pole of energy device 25.Due to the wiring, the applying of the accumulator voltage between submodule binding post 27 and 28 is can not Can.Can be switched on to the electric current flowing of submodule binding post 28 only from submodule binding post 27.Accumulator 25 is mainly used in The energy supply of the electronic device of IGBT.Capacitor also is responsible for not producing due to voltage spikes in switching, and the due to voltage spikes may Damage semiconductor.At this point it can be pointed out that substituting the second series circuit 31, it would however also be possible to employ discharger, its are in parallel with accumulator 25 Connection.In other words, the brake governor module then corresponds to the half-bridge circuit that figure 6 illustrates, and wherein eliminates without cloth Put the IGBT 22 between two sub- module wiring terminals 27 and 28.
Within the scope of the invention, according to Fig. 7 and can advantageously, in submodule according to the submodule 14 of Fig. 8 Power semiconductor switch or the mechanical switch 29 of such as IGCT is arranged between binding post 27 and 28, such as combines the half-bridge in Fig. 6 Shown.Mechanical switch 29 is used for bypassing submodule 14 when needed.
Fig. 9 shows another embodiment of the equipment 1 according to the present invention, and which is as far as possible corresponding to figure 1 illustrates Embodiment, but wherein illustrate in greater detail the commutation part in middle branch 11 with 13 arranged in series of power switch unit 34.Commutation part 34 is equally made up of the series circuit of submodule 14, illustrate only in the submodule in fig .9, But the series circuit of these identical submodules 14 is wherein illustrated by the dotted line of middle branch 11.According to showing in fig .9 The embodiment for going out, the submodule 14 of the part 34 that commutates is used as the full-bridge circuit construction with discharger 24 according to Fig. 7.Commutation portion The submodule 14 of part 34 is arranged to, and two loop currents contrary mutually is driven into and is propped up by primary current leg, by-pass current In the mesh that road and middle branch are formed.The equipment that figure 9 illustrates symmetrically is constructed.In other words, wait to break in normal operation The DC current that opens both also passes through by-pass current branch road 5 through primary current leg 4 and for example flows to binding post 3 from binding post 2.Two By each in the commutation loop current that produces of part 34 in mechanical switch, here be in one in 7 and 8, and waiting Logical DC current is conversely, the electric current so as to produce in each mechanical switch 7 and 8 is about zero.Mechanical switch 7 and 8 is thus No current ground disconnects.Total current commutates to middle branch 11, and flows through power switch unit 13 and mechanical switch 6 and 9 To binding post 3.The submodule 14 of power switch unit 13 can disconnect or limit DC current now.Then remaining can be disconnected Mechanical switch 6 and 9.
As have been described above, by the submodule 14 of the part 34 that commutates, two loop currents are driven through Two mesh formed by middle, by-pass current and primary current leg.One in loop current is flowed along clockwise direction, and Another loop current is flowed through respective mesh in the counterclockwise direction.In this way it is assured that being not dependent on to be broken The direction of DC current, in DC current and loop current to be connected a mechanical switch 6 always in primary current leg, Superposition in one mechanical switch 8 or 9 of a neutralization by-pass current branch road in 7 is of about zero.Here, the electricity that will wherein produce Stream adjust be of about zero switch be disposed in the not homonymy of middle branch, namely on the direction of DC current to be connected Before or after the middle branch potential point of its respective branch road.The mechanical switch, such as 7 and 8 can disconnect now, from And electric current is flowed through power switch unit 13, its submodule 14 can then disconnect or limit electric current flowing.Figure 9 illustrates Commutation part 34 submodule 14 equally have discharger 24, can also be used as the submodule of power switch unit 13 so as to which Work.If the same full-bridge circuit as according to Fig. 7 of the submodule 14 of power switch unit 13 is formed, alternatively only single By unshowned control and adjustment unit, it is conduct to distinguish submodule 14 for the control of individual series circuit, wherein only submodule The part of commutation part 34 is still worked as the part of power switch unit 13.Certainly full-bridge submodule 14 can also be with the time The mode of displacement plays two effects.Certainly the commutation part 34 for constructing as the full-bridge circuit with discharger 24 according to Fig. 7 Submodule 14 can be used for disconnecting or limiting electric current.
It is pointed out here that, within the scope of the invention, the submodule 14 of power switch unit 13 always need not be constructed in the same manner. Therefore such as submodule 14 a part of can according to Fig. 5, another part according to Fig. 6, another part according to Fig. 7, and finally A part is constructed according to Fig. 8.But the submodule 14 of commutation part 34 must just may be used using the accumulator with accumulator 25 To realize the generation of loop current in mesh.In addition submodule 14 allows for producing on submodule binding post 27,28 in storage The voltage landed on energy device 25.
Figure 10 shows the construction according to Fig. 9, but wherein commutation part 34 is constructed as the half-bridge circuit according to Fig. 6, But wherein it is not provided with diode 30 and by-pass switch.The multiple submodule 14 of commutation part 34 is also connected in series in Fig. 10, Wherein here series circuit is also by shown in phantom.Compared with the full-bridge circuit according to Fig. 9, according to Figure 10 half-bridge circuit only A polarity of voltage can be produced on submodule binding post 27 and 28.But because of the electric current through middle branch 11 always only Flow in one direction, so a polarity of voltage be enough to switch or limit DC current in the two directions completely. In addition the electric current for flowing from primary current leg 4 through middle branch 11 to by-pass current branch road 5 cannot be by commutation part 34 Submodule 14 disconnects, because which is flowed through the fly-wheel diode 23 between submodule binding post 27 and 28.Commutate in electric current To after middle branch 11, thus can be suitably that the switch 29 for bypassing the submodule 14 of commutation part 34 is closed, described Switch is not shown in figures 9 and 10.If the submodule 14 of power switch unit 13 equally have half-bridge circuit, IGBT or with The submodule 13 of the relative commutation part 34 of IGBT is with contrary orientation.In the construction of the equipment 1 that figure 10 illustrates, commutation Part 34 produces the loop current for oppositely, namely mutually flowing clockwise and widdershins, so as to two in mechanical switch Individual can be disconnected with no current, and commutate the current in middle branch 11.Due to the submodule 14 with power switch unit 13 The polarity of the power semiconductor switch 22 of the submodule 14 of different, commutation part 34, charging paths 15 are no longer attached to The middle branch potential point of by-pass current branch road 5, but with power switch unit 13 and commutation part 34 between potential point It is connected.Charging current for charging to the accumulator 25 of the submodule 14 of the part 34 that commutates then passes through switch from binding post 3 9th, pass through commutation part 34 and eventually pass the flow direction of charging paths 15 ground or opposite pole.
Figure 11 shows another construction of the present invention, is not wherein individual equipment, but multiple bipolar devices 1 are gone here and there mutually Connection connection.The working method that the working method of each equipment is explained corresponding to the accompanying drawing for combining above.Equipment 1 can also be according to another The construction described above the illustrate outward or present invention is constructing.The quantity of the equipment 1 being connected in series is entirely arbitrary.Series connection Circuit has the advantage that, i.e., consisting of the whole DC voltage switch for turn-off current can preferably change chi Degree, and preferably can construct for different voltage levvls.Relatively smaller equipment can be produced at low cost and be used. The voltage landed on each switch is less, is accelerated so as to the switching speed of mechanical switch.Disadvantage is however that needs each Equipment synchronization.In addition it is possible that, as represented in Fig. 1, equipment 1 is assembled with coil or the inductance of choke coil form Device.Such coil or choke coil also possible in the construction according to Figure 11, wherein choke coil distribution be arranged into each On equipment.Thus choke coil can also easily change yardstick.
Figure 12 shows another embodiment of the equipment 1 according to the present invention, arranges wherein no longer in middle branch 11 Commutation part 34.But each mechanical switch 6 and 7 of the middle branch potential point in primary current leg 4 and primary current leg 4 it Between arrangement be respectively provided with the commutation semiconductor switch 36 and 37 of reverse parallel connection fly-wheel diode 23.Discharger 24 and each commutation half Conductor switch 36 is connected in parallel, and is thus also connected in parallel with each fly-wheel diode 23, and discharger 24 is made in switching with acting on When the part that reduces of the energy that discharges.Thus commutation part 34 includes the semiconductor switch 36,37, respective fly-wheel diode that commutates 23 and respective nonlinear resistance 24.Commutation semiconductor switch 36 and 37 is oppositely orientated mutually, such that it is able to disconnecting or limiting System electric current flowing in the two directions.Compare with Fig. 1, commutation semiconductor switch 36 or 37 supports mechanical switch 6 and 7, will Commutate the current in middle branch 11.If such as electric current is from binding post 2 through principal current in the case of the disconnection of mechanical switch 8 Branch road 4 is flowed to binding post 3, then for turn-off current, operation commutation semiconductor switch 37 and simultaneously operation machinery switch 7. Due to so quick increased resistance, electric current flowing is commutated in middle branch 11, can be disconnected so as to power switch unit 13 The electric current flowing.It is then turned off whole mechanical switch.
Figure 13 shows another embodiment of the equipment 1 according to the present invention, and which corresponds to as far as possible and figure 12 illustrates Embodiment, but in by-pass current branch road 5, wherein also arrange two 38 Hes of commutation semiconductor switch with IGBT form 39.According to the advantageous extension, in normal operation, all mechanical switch 6,7,8 and 9 are closed.Commutation semiconductor switch 36,37,38 Its conduction position is transformed into 39, can be from binding post 2 not only through primary current leg 4 but also through by-pass current branch road so as to electric current 5 flow to binding post 3.For turn-off current, commutation semiconductor switch 37 and 38 and mechanical switch 7 and 8 are while be transformed into its point Off normal to put and disconnect in other words.Electric current is then from binding post 2 only also through primary current leg 4, mechanical switch 6, fly-wheel diode 23 Flow in middle branch 11, then binding post 3 is flowed to through the mechanical switch 9 of fly-wheel diode 23, closure.Power switch unit 13 now can be with turn-off current.
Figure 14 shows another construction of the switch according to the present invention, wherein with respect to the embodiment according to Figure 13, other The commutation semiconductor switch 38 and 39 of road current branch 5 is cancelled.Replace, such as according to the embodiment according to Fig. 4, in bypass electricity Two diodes 20 and 21 are arranged in stream branch road 5.Diode 20 and 21 prevents electric current flowing through by-pass current branch road 5, and not In advance through the conduction of the middle branch 11 circuit flowing.Diode 20 and 21 supported by switch 8 and 9, but in diode 20 and 21 Relative configurations in the case of can also cancel.

Claims (22)

1. a kind of equipment (1) of an extremely middle switching DC current in direct current network, has
- two binding posts (2,3), for being connected in series with the pole,
- between the binding post (2,3) extend primary current leg (4), arrange two machines in the primary current leg Tool switchs (6,7),
- between the binding post (2,3) extend the by-pass current branch road (5) being connected in parallel with primary current leg (4), in institute State in by-pass current branch road and two mechanical switch (8,9) and/or two power semiconductors (20,21) also arranged,
- middle branch (11), which is by the middle branch potential point being arranged between mechanical switch (6,7) of primary current leg (4) (10) and by-pass current branch road (5) the centre being arranged between mechanical switch (8,9) or between power semiconductor (20,21) Electric potential of branch point (12) is interconnected, and which has power switch unit (13), and the power switch unit has by bipolar The series circuit that submodule (14) constitutes, the bipolar submodule be respectively provided with least one power semiconductor switch (22) and With the part (24) for reducing the energy discharged in switching, and
- for DC current to be commutated to the commutation part (34) in middle branch (11), in passing through so as to total DC current Between branch road (11) conduction, wherein commutation part (34) have at least one commutation semiconductor switch, wherein, commutate semiconductor switch It is controllable power semiconductor.
2. according to claim 1 to equipment (1),
Characterized in that,
Be provided with charging paths (15), its on the one hand with earth potential or opposite pole phase with the pole opposite polarity of direct current network Even, and on the other hand it is connected with the middle branch (11) or can be connected, wherein, charging paths (15) is with ohm Resistance (16).
3. according to claim 2 to equipment (1),
Characterized in that,
Charging paths (15) are connected with the middle branch potential point (12) of by-pass current branch road (5) or can be connected.
4. equipment (1) according to Claims 2 or 3,
Characterized in that,
Described charging paths (15) have the mechanical switch (17) that connects with Ohmic resistance (16), and which is configured to fill this Electric branch road (15) are connected with the middle branch (11).
5. according to claim 1 to equipment (1),
Characterized in that,
The submodule (14) of power switch unit (13) is respectively provided with a power semiconductor switch (22) at least in part And the fly-wheel diode (23) being connected in antiparallel with power semiconductor switch (22), wherein, power semiconductor switch (22) is Can connect and can disconnect power semiconductor switch.
6. according to claim 1 to equipment (1),
Characterized in that,
Power switch unit (13) are configured to turn-off current in only one direction.
7. according to claim 1 to equipment (1),
Characterized in that,
The submodule (14) of power switch unit (13) be respectively provided with least in part accumulator (25) and with the accumulator (25) be connected in parallel can be connected the series circuit (26) that can disconnect that power semiconductor switch (22) constitutes by two, described connect Lead to and can disconnect the fly-wheel diode (23) that power semiconductor switch is respectively provided with reverse parallel connection, wherein, a sub- module wiring terminal (27) potential point between power semiconductor switch (22) can be disconnected it is connected with can connect, and another submodule binding post (28) extremely it is connected with one of the accumulator (25).
8. according to claim 1 to equipment (1),
Characterized in that,
The submodule (14) of power switch unit (13) be at least partially accumulator (25) and with the accumulator (25) The first series circuit (26) being connected in parallel and the second series circuit (31), first series circuit and second series electrical Road is respectively provided with two connecting for fly-wheel diode with reverse parallel connection and can disconnect power semiconductor switch, wherein, one Submodule binding post (27) and can connecting at two of the first series circuit (26) can be disconnected between power semiconductor switch (22) Potential point be connected, and another submodule binding post (28) with can connect and can disconnect in two of the second series circuit (31) Potential point between power semiconductor switch (22) is connected.
9. equipment (1) according to claim 7 or 8,
Characterized in that,
For making the part that the energy discharged in switching is reduced be rheostat and/or discharger (24).
10. according to claim 9 to equipment (1),
Characterized in that,
The rheostat and/or discharger are connected in parallel with accumulator (25) at least in part.
11. equipment (1) according to claim 1,
Characterized in that,
The submodule (14) of power switch unit (13) is configured to brake governor module at least in part and has Accumulator (25), the accumulator are connected in parallel with the first series circuit (26) and the second series circuit (31), first string Connection circuit can disconnect power semiconductor switch (22) and and afterflow by the connecting for fly-wheel diode (23) with reverse parallel connection Diode (32) composition that diode (23) is orientated in the same manner, and second series circuit is by the afterflow with reverse parallel connection The connecting of diode (23) can disconnect power semiconductor switch (22) and another is orientated in the same manner with fly-wheel diode (23) Diode (32) composition, Ohmic resistance (33) bypasses by the diode (32) of wherein the second series circuit (31), a submodule One of block binding post (27) and accumulator (25) is extremely connected, and another submodule binding post (28) with the first series electrical The potential point that can be disconnected between power semiconductor switch (22) and diode (32) of connecting on road (26) is connected.
12. equipment (1) according to claim 2,
Characterized in that,
Commutation part (34) in middle branch (11) is arranged in series with power switch unit (13), and is configured to For producing the loop current contrary with DC current to be connected.
13. equipment (1) according to claim 12,
Characterized in that,
Charging paths (15) are connected with the potential point between power switch unit (13) and commutation part (34) or can It is connected.
14. equipment (1) according to claim 12 or 13,
Characterized in that,
Commutation part (34) is made up of the series circuit of bipolar submodule (14), and wherein each bipolar submodule (14) have Accumulator (25) and the power semiconductor circuits (26,31) in parallel with accumulator (25).
15. equipment (1) according to claim 14,
Characterized in that,
The power semiconductor circuits are made up of series circuit (26), and the series circuit is by being respectively provided with reverse parallel connection afterflow two Two power semiconductor switch (22) composition of pole pipe (23), one of submodule binding post (27) with open in power semiconductor The potential point that closes between (22) is connected, and of another submodule binding post (28) and accumulator (25) is extremely connected, its In, power semiconductor switch is to disconnect power semiconductor switch.
16. equipment (1) according to claim 14,
Characterized in that,
The power semiconductor circuits are made up of the first series circuit (26) and the second series circuit (31), first series electrical Road can be connected by two that are respectively provided with reverse parallel connection fly-wheel diode (23) with second series circuit respectively and can disconnect work( Rate semiconductor switch (22) constitute, wherein the first series circuit (26) connect can disconnect power semiconductor switch (22) it Between potential point be connected with one sub- module wiring terminal (27), and power can be disconnected in connecting for the second series circuit (31) Potential point between semiconductor switch (22) is connected with another submodule binding post (28).
17. equipment (1) according to claim 1,
Characterized in that,
Commutation part (34) is arranged in primary current leg (4) and has commutation semiconductor switch (36,37), described changes It is connected in parallel to semiconductor switch with the part (24) for reducing the energy discharged in switching, wherein each commutation is partly led Body switch (36,37) is arranged in the middle branch potential point (10) of primary current leg (4) and the mechanical switch of primary current leg (4) Between in (6,7).
18. equipment (1) according to claim 17,
Characterized in that,
Arrangement commutation semiconductor between each mechanical switch (6,7) of primary current leg (4) and middle branch potential point (10) Two commutations semiconductor switch (36,37) of switch, wherein primary current leg (4) are oppositely orientated mutually.
19. equipment (1) according to claim 17 or 18,
Characterized in that,
Described by-pass current branch road (5) have commutation semiconductor switch (38,39), and with commutation semiconductor switch (38,39) The part (24) that reduce the energy that in switching discharge is provided in parallel.
20. equipment (1) according to claim 19,
Characterized in that,
In each mechanical switch (8,9) of by-pass current branch road (5) and the middle branch potential point (12) of by-pass current branch road (5) Between, or the middle branch electricity of each power semiconductor (20,21) in by-pass current branch road (5) and by-pass current branch road (5) Between gesture point (12), commutation semiconductor switch (38,39) is respectively arranged, two of which commutation semiconductor switch (38,39) is mutually Oppositely it is orientated.
21. equipment (1) according to claim 1,
Characterized in that,
The mechanical switch (6,7) of primary current leg (4) be high-speed switch and be configured in 1ms to 10ms disconnect, wherein The mechanical switch (8,9) of by-pass current branch road (5) is relatively slow mechanical switch, and which breaks in the time range of 10ms to 50ms Open.
A kind of 22. devices of an extremely middle switching DC current in direct current network, with according in the claims The series circuit of the equipment (1) described in any one.
CN201280072268.5A 2012-03-09 2012-03-09 Equipment for an extremely middle switching DC current in direct current network Active CN104205281B (en)

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EP2810290A1 (en) 2014-12-10
PL2810290T3 (en) 2016-11-30
ES2585840T3 (en) 2016-10-10

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