CN104198593B - A kind of high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity and method of testing - Google Patents
A kind of high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity and method of testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN104198593B CN104198593B CN201410422490.4A CN201410422490A CN104198593B CN 104198593 B CN104198593 B CN 104198593B CN 201410422490 A CN201410422490 A CN 201410422490A CN 104198593 B CN104198593 B CN 104198593B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity and method of testing, mainly include metallic cavity, transmitting transducer, reciprocal transducer, hand-operating pressure pump and Pressure gauge, metallic cavity is the rustless steel cavity of a cylindrical enclosure, internal full sound bearing medium, transmitting transducer, reciprocal transducer and tested hydrophone, transmitting transducer and reciprocal transducer are installed in metallic cavity and are arranged in metallic cavity lateral symmetry position；Hand-operating pressure pump is connected with metallic cavity by liquid flowing valve, and for applying high hydrostatic pressure in metallic cavity, liquid flowing valve connects with hand-operating pressure pump for metallic cavity or isolates；Outage in metallic cavity is connected with draining valve, and Pressure gauge is for monitoring the pressure in metallic cavity.Beneficial effect of the present invention: tested hydrophone can test hydrophone low frequency reception sensitivity with reciprocal transducer by relative method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to underwater acoustic measurement field, be a kind of high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity and method of testing.
Background technology
On the earth, the area of about 3/4 is ocean, and, some resource day by day deficient at land resources uses today totally, and wide ocean, particularly deep-sea have all been invested sight in countries in the world.The detection of marine resources, exploitation are the emphasis of several years development from now on.On June 24th, 2012, by China's independent research, first 7000 meters of manned benthoscopes " flood dragon " number with independent intellectual property right, in diving test, submerged depth reaches 7020 meters, breaches 7000 meters of depth of water high pointes, creates the new historical of Chinese manned deep diving.How to wait the acoustic sensor that bathyscaph carries to carry out the performance calibration under high hydrostatic pressure to " flood dragon " number and seem particularly urgent.Acoustic sounding (as utilized deep water towed array sonar, deep water ADCP sonar detection etc.), is the important component part of deep-sea resources detection means.Calibration to these sound systems and deep water transducer acoustical behavior under active usage conditions is very necessary.Acoustic logging is an important means of oil well logging, acoustic logging instrument works under the environment of a few km in down-hole, it is arranged on the acoustic sensor on logging instrument and subjects the hydrostatic pressure of tens MPas equally, accurately test its performance under high hydrostatic pressure environment, be one equally and significantly work.
The method that hydrophone low frequency reception sensitivity is calibrated has: vibration jet method, piezoelectricity penalty method, coupler reciprocal method etc..Vibration jet method is that the method calibrating quasi-acoustic pressure sensitivity of hydrophone is sought in the measurement by acceleration of vibration, is suitable for the low frequency sensitivity calibration under normal pressure.Piezoelectricity the principle of compensation is: placing two transducers in the little water cavity of rigidity of a water-filling, one is source transducer, and another one is to compensate transducer.When source transducer is by signal of telecommunication DsDuring excitation, water cavity produces acoustic pressure p.If cavity size is much smaller than underwater acoustic wave wavelength, it is believed that in chamber, acoustic pressure p is equal everywhere.Hydrophone to be measured is placed in chamber, produces open-circuit voltage U under the effect of acoustic pressure pH0.According to definition, the sound pressure sensitivity of hydrophone is M=UHO/ p, therefore only requires p value, so that it may obtain M.The work surface compensating transducer vibrates under the acoustic pressure p effect that source transducer produces.If at this moment with one and DsThe signal of telecommunication D of same frequencyCExcitation compensates transducer, and regulates DCAmplitude and phase place make its work surface stop vibration, then compensate transducer at signal of telecommunication DCThe lower acoustic pressure p that can produce identical value in chamber of effect.Compensate whether transducer work surface stops vibration, in the idle situation of source transducer, judged by being attached to the displacement monitors compensated on transducer.Calculated by a series of derivation, tested acoustic pressure sensitivity of hydrophone can be obtained.Penalty method is the absolute Calibrating Method of a kind of sensitivity, and test process is more complicated, is suitable only under normal pressure low frequency sensitivity calibration equally.The test device that above method is set up, constitutes complexity, process of measurement and device and safeguards comparatively laborious.
At home, the research of Bear high pressure low frequency is less, and the high pressure anechoic tank, that defense-related science, technology and industry underwater sound one-level measuring station is set up can calibrate hydrophone receiving sensitivity, frequency range 2kHz～200kHz, most high hydrostatic pressure 10MPa, it is impossible to solve low frequency sensitivity calibration problem.The coupled cavity calibration system that Harbin Engineering University and defense-related science, technology and industry underwater sound one-level measuring station are all set up, test frequency range 20Hz～2kHz, most high hydrostatic pressure is up to 10MPa, still far can not meet the needs of 50MPa even more high hydrostatic pressure, by the restriction of cavity and transmitting transducer, improve voltage endurance capability difficulty very big.The present invention mainly starts with from high pressure resistant cavity design and high-pressure transducer, sets up high voltage bearing comparison method calibration device, has and constitutes feature that is simple, easily operated and that safeguard, it is achieved be up to the low frequency sensitivity calibration under 70MPa high hydrostatic pressure.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the deficiency overcoming prior art to exist, and a kind of high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity and method of testing are provided, mainly a kind of high pressure resistant metal sealing cavity of cylindricality, intracavity is full of sound bearing medium (such as water, methyl-silicone oil, Semen Ricini wet goods), in inside cavity equipped with piezoelectricity transmitting transducer, under signal source and power amplifier promote, producing required high s/n ratio, stable homogeneous low frequency sound field in media as well, tested hydrophone can test hydrophone low frequency reception sensitivity with reciprocal transducer by relative method.Utilize hand-operating pressure pump to inject liquid in metallic cavity, in cavity, form stable high hydrostatic pressure environment, it is achieved thereby that low frequency sensitivity when high hydrostatic pressure is measured.
It is an object of the invention to complete by following technical solution.This high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity, mainly include metallic cavity, transmitting transducer, reciprocal transducer, hand-operating pressure pump and Pressure gauge, metallic cavity is the rustless steel cavity of a cylindrical enclosure, internal full sound bearing medium, transmitting transducer, reciprocal transducer and tested hydrophone, transmitting transducer and reciprocal transducer are installed in metallic cavity and are arranged in metallic cavity lateral symmetry position；Hand-operating pressure pump is connected with metallic cavity by liquid flowing valve, and for applying high hydrostatic pressure in metallic cavity, liquid flowing valve connects with hand-operating pressure pump for metallic cavity or isolates；Outage in metallic cavity is connected with draining valve, and Pressure gauge is for monitoring the pressure in metallic cavity；Described metallic cavity, mainly include tank body, lid, end socket, elevating lever, long handle and short handle, end socket is connected with short handle by elevating lever, lid is arranged on end socket and is connected with long handle, tank body and lid adopt the trapezoidal pressure-bearing of multi-turn threaded, tank body adopts band " O " shape sealing ring end socket to seal, and is provided with transmitting transducer, reciprocal transducer and tested hydrophone in the cavity of tank body.
Described reciprocal transducer is identical with transmitting transducer version, uses as standard of comparison when being used for calibrating；Described transmitting transducer mainly includes metal support structure, high pressure resistant decoupling part, piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere, water-proof sound-transmitting layer and watertight cable, is used for producing broad band low frequency acoustical signal；Piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere is drawn two wires and is connected with watertight cable, piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere adopts emission type piezoelectric ceramics PZT4 or high-power piezoelectric ceramic PZT8, being shaped as hemisphere hull shape, high pressure resistant decoupling part is arranged on inside piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere, and water-proof sound-transmitting layer is arranged on outside piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere.
The method of testing of this employing high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity, the method comprises the steps: calibration test process: rotates short handle and long handle and end socket and lid is promoted, until lid completely disengages from tank body, is removed by lid；Tank body is installed tested hydrophone, in tank body, injects liquid after installation stay open to outage position, liquid flowing valve and draining valve；Retract lid alignment tank body mouth center, rotate long handle and pressure-bearing is threaded into, rotate short handle, make end socket be down to tank body sealing surface position；Rotate long handle to pressure-bearing screw thread bottom；Tightening draining valve, the hand-operating pressure pump that fluctuates starts pressurization, when Pressure gauge indicates pressure to reach to test required hydrostatic pressing, stops pressurization, closes liquid flowing valve；Signal source and power amplifier is utilized to provide pumping signal for transmitting transducer, transmitting transducer produces Homogeneous Pressure in metallic cavity, tested hydrophone receiving sensitivity can be calculated by testing the open-circuit voltage of tested hydrophone and reciprocal transducer, after completing test, slowly open liquid flowing valve and draining valve, making pressure in metallic cavity is zero, opens lid and takes out tested hydrophone, and test process terminates.
The invention have the benefit that
(1) one high hydrostatic pressure low frequency sensitivity of the present invention calibration cavity, transmitting transducer adopts high pressure resistant decoupling material, the highest compressive resistance of decoupling material is 70MPa, it is ensured that transmitting transducer work structuring under high hydrostatic pressure will not be destroyed, and has good decoupling, vibration isolating effect simultaneously.
(2) one high hydrostatic pressure low frequency sensitivity of the present invention calibration cavity, transmitting transducer sensing element adopts piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere, and transducer architecture is simple, and reliability is high.Hemispherical dome structure is that ball is symmetrical, and bearing capacity is strong, and volume is little, is adapted under high hydrostatic pressure environment and uses.
(3) one high hydrostatic pressure low frequency sensitivity of the present invention calibration cavity, transmitting transducer and reciprocal transducer adopt epoxy resin perfusion, irrigate with conventional neoprene sulfuration or polyurethane adhesive, more can guarantee that the hard conditions in cavity, also function to the effect of water-proof sound-transmitting simultaneously.
(4) one high hydrostatic pressure low frequency sensitivity calibration chamber of the present invention, in metallic cavity, tank body and lid adopt the trapezoidal pressure-bearing of multi-turn threaded, and trapezoidal thread bearing strength is high, it is ensured that metallic cavity uses safety under high hydrostatic pressure.Tank body and end socket adopt band " O " shape sealing ring end socket to seal, and high pressure sealing performance is good, open, to close lid easy to operate.
(5) one high hydrostatic pressure low frequency sensitivity calibration chamber of the present invention, reciprocal transducer receiving sensitivity adopts reciprocity calibration, and uncertainty of measurement is little, and certainty of measurement is high.Tested hydrophone receiving sensitivity adopts comparison method calibration, and test speed is fast, and testing efficiency is high.
(6) one high hydrostatic pressure low frequency sensitivity calibration chamber of the present invention, pressurized equipment adopts hand-operating pressure pump, and pressure process slowly carries out, and pressing speed is easy to control, and reduces the damage to metallic cavity and transducer, extends the use time of calibrating installation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the population structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the generalized section of transmitting transducer in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is metallic cavity cross-sectional view in the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1, metallic cavity；2, transmitting transducer；3, reciprocal transducer；4, hand-operating pressure pump；5: Pressure gauge；6: draining valve；7: metal support structure；8: high pressure resistant decoupling part；9: piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere；10: water-proof sound-transmitting layer；11: watertight cable；12: tank body；13: lid；14: end socket；15: elevating lever；16: long handle；17: short handle；18: liquid flowing valve；19, tested hydrophone.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention will be further described:
The present invention is to solve when high hydrostatic pressure, the calibration of hydrophone low frequency sensitivity, proposing one utilizes piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere transmitting transducer to launch acoustical signal, rigidity closed metal cavity is formed uniform sound field, high pressure resistant piezoelectric transducer is utilized to launch acoustical signal, hand-operating pressure pump is for providing high hydrostatic pressure environment in cavity, tested hydrophone and reciprocal transducer are by relative method test low frequency reception sensitivity, hand-operating pressure pump is the high hydrostatic pressure needed for metallic cavity offer, thus the low frequency reception sensitivity calibration realizing being up under 70MPa high hydrostatic pressure is measured.
As shown in the figure, this high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity, mainly include metallic cavity 1, transmitting transducer 2, reciprocal transducer 3, hand-operating pressure pump 4 and Pressure gauge 5, metallic cavity 1 is the rustless steel cavity of a cylindrical enclosure, internal full sound bearing medium, transmitting transducer 2, reciprocal transducer 3 and tested hydrophone 19, transmitting transducer 2 and reciprocal transducer 3 are installed in metallic cavity 1 and are arranged in metallic cavity 1 lateral symmetry position；Hand-operating pressure pump 4 is connected with metallic cavity 1 by liquid flowing valve 18, for applying high hydrostatic pressure in metallic cavity 1, it is achieved high hydrostatic pressure test condition.Liquid flowing valve 18 connects with hand-operating pressure pump 4 for metallic cavity 1 or isolates；Outage in metallic cavity 1 is connected with draining valve 6, and Pressure gauge 5 is for monitoring the pressure in metallic cavity 1；Described metallic cavity 1, mainly includes tank body 12, lid 13, end socket 14, elevating lever 15, long handle 16 and short handle 17, and end socket 14 is connected with short handle 17 by elevating lever 15, and lid 13 is arranged on end socket 14 and is connected with long handle 16.In order to ensure safety when high hydrostatic pressure, tank body 12 and lid 13 adopt the trapezoidal pressure-bearing of multi-turn threaded, tank body 12 adopts band " O " shape sealing ring end socket 14 to seal, and is provided with transmitting transducer 2, reciprocal transducer 3 and tested hydrophone 19 in the cavity of tank body 12.End socket is connected with elevating lever, controls end socket by elevating lever and moves.This version safety is high, opens, to close cavity easy and simple to handle.
Described reciprocal transducer 3 is identical with transmitting transducer 2 version, uses as standard of comparison when being used for calibrating；Described transmitting transducer 2 mainly includes metal support structure 7, high pressure resistant decoupling part 8, piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere 9, water-proof sound-transmitting layer 10 and watertight cable 11, is used for producing broad band low frequency acoustical signal；Piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere 9 is drawn two wires and is connected with watertight cable 11, and piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere 9, high pressure resistant decoupling material 8 and metal support structure 7 are bonded together successively, solidifies under certain temperature and pressure.Perfusion mould is finally utilized to form water-proof sound-transmitting layer 10.Piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere 9 adopts emission type piezoelectric ceramics PZT4 or high-power piezoelectric ceramic PZT8, is shaped as hemisphere hull shape, and thickness 2-3mm is best, and its diameter is determined by cavity calibration frequency lower limit, and test frequency is more low, and diameter is more big.It is internal that high pressure resistant decoupling part 8 is arranged on piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere 9, and it is outside that water-proof sound-transmitting layer 10 is arranged on piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere 9.
Described reciprocal transducer, structurally identical with transmitting transducer, all adopt high pressure resistant decoupling material, can work when high hydrostatic pressure.Reciprocal transducer receiving sensitivity passes through reciprocity calibration.Transmitting transducer, under signal source and power amplifier encourage, produces uniform acoustic pressure in chamber；It is arranged in tested hydrophone and the reciprocal transducer of appropriate location, chamber simultaneously, under identical acoustic pressure effect, each produces open-circuit voltage UXAnd UO, then tested acoustic pressure sensitivity of hydrophone is represented by:
In formula, M is tested hydrophone sensitivity level, M0For reciprocal transducer sound pressure sensitivity level.
Described hand-operating pressure pump, being mainly used in metallic cavity provides high hydrostatic pressure.Because metallic cavity volume is only small, as with electrical pressure pump, the rate of rise is too fast, pressure is difficult to accurately control.Using hand-operating pressure pump slowly to raise hydrostatic pressing, reduce the structural deterioration to transducer and cavity, Stress control is more accurate.
Described Pressure gauge is for monitoring the hydrostatic pressing in metallic cavity, and in test process, transducer or tested hydrophone structure are damaged, it is possible to reflected by the Pressure gauge very first time.
Described metallic cavity acoustical demands is rigidity, generally adopts stainless steel material to process, and from acoustically considering, cavity design must is fulfilled for three conditions: 1. cavity wall and transducer are all rigidity；2. the maximum linear dimension of intracavity is more much smaller than intracavity medium wave length of sound, usually requiring that intracavity is of a size of 1/10th of wavelength, if the highest test frequency is 2000Hz, medium is pure water, then wave length of sound is 750mm, and cavity maximum linear dimension is not more than 75mm；3. the border requiring cavity is rigid walls, and namely border has significantly high acoustic impedance, and the thickness being therefore commonly designed cavity wall approximates intracavity footpath half.
Described high pressure resistant decoupling part 8, is positioned at inside piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere, and effect is vibration isolation, decoupling, and decoupling part is composite, density 0.7kg/cm3Left and right, the maximum pressure-bearing of material is 70MPa.Described water-proof sound-transmitting layer 10, adopts epoxy resin form, irrigates with conventional neoprene sulfuration or polyurethane adhesive, more can guarantee that the hard conditions in cavity.Transmitting transducer is smaller, is operated in disresonance frequency range, and during low frequency, the impedance of piezoelectric element is significantly high, needs when designing power amplifier to consider the impedance matching with transmitting transducer.
The method of testing of the high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity described in this employing, reciprocal transducer 3 receiving sensitivity adopts reciprocity calibration, and uncertainty of measurement is little, and certainty of measurement is high.Tested hydrophone receiving sensitivity adopts comparison method calibration, and test speed is fast, and testing efficiency is high.The method comprises the steps: calibration test process: rotate short handle 17 and end socket 14 and lid 13 are promoted by long handle 16, until lid 13 completely disengages from tank body 12, removed by lid 13；Installing tested hydrophone 19 in tank body 12, inject liquid to outage position after installation in tank body 12, liquid flowing valve 18 and draining valve 6 stay open；Retract lid 13 and be directed at 12 mouthfuls of centers of tank body, rotate long handle 16 and pressure-bearing is threaded into, rotate short handle 17, make end socket 14 be down to tank body 12 sealing surface position；Rotate long handle 16 to pressure-bearing screw thread bottom；Tightening draining valve 6, the hand-operating pressure pump 4 that fluctuates starts pressurization, when Pressure gauge 5 indicates pressure to reach to test required hydrostatic pressing, stops pressurization, closes liquid flowing valve 18；Signal source and power amplifier is utilized to provide pumping signal for transmitting transducer 2, transmitting transducer produces Homogeneous Pressure in metallic cavity 1, tested hydrophone receiving sensitivity can be calculated by testing the open-circuit voltage of tested hydrophone 19 and reciprocal transducer 3, after completing test, slowly open liquid flowing valve 18 and draining valve 6, making pressure in metallic cavity 1 is zero, opens lid 13 and takes out tested hydrophone, and test process terminates.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments, all employings to be equal to replacement or the technical scheme of equivalent transformation formation, all falls within the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (3)
1. a high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity, it is characterized in that: mainly include metallic cavity (1), transmitting transducer (2), reciprocal transducer (3), hand-operating pressure pump (4) and Pressure gauge (5), metallic cavity (1) is the rustless steel cavity of a cylindrical enclosure, internal full sound bearing medium, transmitting transducer (2) is installed in metallic cavity (1), reciprocal transducer (3) and tested hydrophone (19), transmitting transducer (2) and reciprocal transducer (3) are arranged on the interior lateral symmetry position of metallic cavity (1)；Hand-operating pressure pump (4) is connected with metallic cavity (1) by liquid flowing valve (18), for applying high hydrostatic pressure in metallic cavity (1), liquid flowing valve (18) connects for metallic cavity (1) with hand-operating pressure pump (4) or isolates；Outage in metallic cavity (1) is connected with draining valve (6), and Pressure gauge (5) is used for monitoring the pressure in metallic cavity (1)；Described metallic cavity (1), mainly include tank body (12), lid (13), end socket (14), elevating lever (15), long handle (16) and short handle (17), end socket (14) is connected with short handle (17) by elevating lever (15), lid (13) is arranged on end socket (14) and above and is connected with long handle (16), tank body (12) and lid (13) adopt the trapezoidal pressure-bearing of multi-turn threaded, tank body (12) adopts band " O " shape sealing ring end socket (14) to seal, transmitting transducer (2) it is provided with in the cavity of tank body (12), reciprocal transducer (3) and tested hydrophone (19).
2. high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described reciprocal transducer (3) is identical with transmitting transducer (2) version, uses as standard of comparison when being used for calibrating；Described transmitting transducer (2) mainly includes metal support structure (7), high pressure resistant decoupling part (8), piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere (9), water-proof sound-transmitting layer (10) and watertight cable (11), is used for producing broad band low frequency acoustical signal；Piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere (9) is drawn two wires and is connected with watertight cable (11), piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere (9) adopts emission type piezoelectric ceramics PZT4 or high-power piezoelectric ceramic PZT8, it is shaped as hemisphere hull shape, it is internal that high pressure resistant decoupling part (8) is arranged on piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere (9), and it is outside that water-proof sound-transmitting layer (10) is arranged on piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere (9).
3. the method for testing adopting high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps: calibration test process: rotate short handle (17) and long handle (16) and end socket (14) and lid (13) are promoted, until lid (13) completely disengages from tank body (12), lid (13) is removed；Installing tested hydrophone (19) in tank body (12), inject liquid to outage position after installation in tank body (12), liquid flowing valve (18) and draining valve (6) stay open；Retract lid (13) alignment tank body (12) mouth center, rotate long handle (16) pressure-bearing to be threaded into, rotate short handle (17), make end socket (14) be down to tank body (12) sealing surface position；Rotate long handle (16) to pressure-bearing screw thread bottom；Tightening draining valve (6), the hand-operating pressure pump that fluctuates (4) starts pressurization, when Pressure gauge (5) indicates pressure to reach to test required hydrostatic pressing, stops pressurization, closes liquid flowing valve (18)；Signal source and power amplifier is utilized to provide pumping signal for transmitting transducer (2), transmitting transducer produces Homogeneous Pressure in metallic cavity (1), tested hydrophone receiving sensitivity can be calculated by testing the open-circuit voltage of tested hydrophone (19) and reciprocal transducer (3), after completing test, slowly open liquid flowing valve (18) and draining valve (6), making metallic cavity (1) interior pressure is zero, opening lid (13) and take out tested hydrophone, test process terminates.
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