CN104198097B - A kind of mine anchor rod axial force monitoring device and monitoring method - Google Patents
A kind of mine anchor rod axial force monitoring device and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104198097B CN104198097B CN201410468086.0A CN201410468086A CN104198097B CN 104198097 B CN104198097 B CN 104198097B CN 201410468086 A CN201410468086 A CN 201410468086A CN 104198097 B CN104198097 B CN 104198097B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mine anchor rod axial force monitoring device and monitoring method, belong to mining engineering field。This device includes elastic construction and display device, and described elastic construction is spring, and spring housing is on anchor pole, and spring upper end connects center-adjusting pad, lower end attaching nut；Described display device includes cone and reflective tube, reflective tube and spring upper end consolidation, cone and lower spring end consolidation, reflective tube is formed with the opaque striped of black by having periodic white reflection, cone is made up of the striped with periodic white clear and black non transparent, and after reflective tube and cone assembling, striped has the phase contrast of m。The grade deflection produced during by display device by elastic construction pressurized is converted into different patterns, judges the axial force of anchor pole by observing the different pattern of display device；Consider special operation condition pitch-dark under the mine of tunnel, just seem especially obvious with headlight irradiation reflex streak。
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mine anchor rod axial force monitoring device and monitoring method, belong to mining engineering field。
Background technology
Anchorage Technology refers to the technology adopting anchor pole or anchor cable that Rock And Soil is reinforced。Can be monitored in time, accurately to a large amount of anchor-holding force of anchor bolt the safety of anchoring engineering is had being of great significance。Traditional mine anchor rod axial force monitoring device divides two classes, a kind of use power supply, as strained chip, utilizes the strain of anchor pole to detect the stress of anchor pole, but due to needs power supply, safety management is complicated。Another kind of not needing power supply, have fluid pressure type, pressure sensitivity master mode, fluid pressure type is made up of hydraulic pressure box and Pressure gauge, judges the load suffered by anchor pole by observing manometric value, but its structure is complicated, manufactures maintenance cost high, and volume is big, unsuitable large-scale use；Pressure sensitivity master mode is to judge axial force by the length of action paper color on observation bobbin, but circumferentially distributed action paper color element differs, and is difficult to distinguish。
Accordingly, it would be desirable to a kind of low cost, high reliability, without power supply, be suitable for the monitoring device installed and used on a large scale, by installing this device on a large scale, it is possible to achieve people can detect tunnel safety per capita, is greatly improved tunnel safety performance。
Chinese patent CN203452813U discloses a kind of scheme judging axial force by observing the displacement of high strong spring, but owing to displacement is too little, judges that either directly through perusal deflection the axial force of anchor pole is extremely difficult。
Summary of the invention
It is desirable to provide a kind of mine anchor rod axial force monitoring device and monitoring method, this paper presents a kind of anchor pole axial force being made up of display device and elastic construction monitoring device, the grade deflection produced during by display device by elastic construction pressurized is converted into different patterns, judges the axial force of anchor pole by observing the different pattern of display device。
Monitor device according to above analysis integrated consideration anchor pole axial force, adopt the pattern that reflex streak shows as display device。
The invention provides a kind of mine anchor rod axial force monitoring device, including elastic construction and display device, it is characterised in that: described elastic construction is spring, and spring housing is on anchor pole, and spring upper end connects center-adjusting pad, lower end attaching nut；Described display device includes cone and reflective tube, reflective tube is connected with spring upper end, cone is connected with lower spring end, reflective tube forms by having periodic white reflection and the opaque striped of black, and cycle is made up of the black width striped of width to be the white narrow strips of e, width the be black narrow strips of w, width to be the wide striped of white of q, width be n+m；Cone is formed by having the periodic white clear striped with black non transparent, and on cone, the width of white stripes and blackstreak is equal, and a cycle is made up of the white stripes that width is n and the blackstreak that width is n；After reflective tube and cone assembling, striped has the phase contrast of m。
The invention provides a kind of monitoring method adopting above-mentioned mine anchor rod axial force monitoring device, it is characterized in that: the method is to be deformed making cone and reflective tube produce relative displacement by elastic construction, thus occurring what different monitoring images was monitored。
Described mine anchor rod method for monitoring axial force, specifically includes following steps:
When the STRESS VARIATION of rock mass, the active force of elastic construction is changed by rock mass, and when this active force increases, elastic construction is compressed, and is deformed, and makes cone and reflective tube generation relative displacement, forms following three kinds of states:
(1) I-stage: institute is loaded by 0 to F when elastic constructionaWhen being gradually increased, elastic construction is compressed gradually, and reflective tube translates gradually downward, and the display width of the wide striped of white is gradually reduced, when load reaches just anchor-hold FaTime, reflective tube pan-down q, the wide striped of white that width is q is just covered completely, and the image of display is have white narrow strips in the middle of blackstreak；
(2) II stages: institute is loaded at F when elastic constructionaTo FbBetween when being gradually increased, the image initial of display keeps the image in step (1), until the downward displacement increment of reflective tube levels off to w, the reflex streak width e of display is gradually reduced, when load reaches warning load FbTime the downward total displacement of reflective tube be b, the white narrow strips that the width of reflective tube is e is also just occluded entirely, the image of display is completely black striped, owing to w is much larger than e, therefore keeps the image in step (1) in the preliminary stage most of the time in II stage；
(3) III stages: institute is loaded at F when elastic constructionbTo FcBetween when being gradually increased, owing to reflective tube and cone phase contrast are m, the image in step (2) is kept during the image initial shown, until displacement is n, now anchor pole is disrumpent feelings, elastic construction institute loaded becomes 0, and elastic construction axial displacement sports 0, the image of display by white narrow strips, black narrow strips, the wide striped of white, black width striped is alternate forms。
This monitoring device mainly monitors three kinds of stresses of anchor pole, and 1, first anchor-hold Fa, to point out just anchor-hold to add and put in place, when reflective tube displacement is q, anchor pole axial force is Fa；2, warning load Fb, prompting anchor pole is in the hole, and when reflective tube displacement is b, anchor pole axial force is Fb；3, the disrumpent feelings rear axial force of anchor pole is the load of 0, and for after indicating anchor pole disrumpent feelings or fastening invalidation state, now spring deformation has reached maximum, and reflective tube displacement is n。Anchor pole load closes on Breaking load FcTime, elastic construction axial displacement is n, and the load that anchor pole bears reaches Breaking load FcTime anchor pole fracture, now elastic construction institute loaded becomes 0, and elastic construction axial displacement sports 0。
Wherein meet at each cycle intra-striate width parameter:
N=q+w+e+m is 1.
B=q+w+e is 2.
The design principle of each parameter in apparatus of the present invention:
The width e of reflective tube white narrow strips is more big, then the image difference in II stage and III stage is more obvious, and the striped of first anchor-hold and warning load is more easily distinguished；Reflective tube white width, narrow strips the value of stand out q-e more big, then the image difference in I-stage and II stage is more obvious, the load F after first anchor-hold and Breaking loadoMore easily distinguish；Blackstreak width w between reflective tube white width, narrow strips is more big, then it is more convenient to apply during first anchor-hold。
By formula 1., when n increases, q-e, w, e have an opportunity to increase, it is easy to distinguish three kinds of states of display。Therefore, anchor pole load closes on Breaking load FcTime, elastic construction axial displacement n is the bigger the better。
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the grade deflection produced during by display device by elastic construction pressurized is converted into different patterns, judges the axial force of anchor pole by observing the different pattern of display device；Consider special operation condition pitch-dark under the mine of tunnel, just seem especially obvious with headlight irradiation reflex streak。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the scheme of installation of mine anchor rod axial force monitoring device。
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of mine anchor rod axial force monitoring device。
Fig. 3 is the expansion schematic diagram of reflective tube。
Fig. 4 is the expansion schematic diagram of cone。
Fig. 5 is anchor pole axial force and the relation that elastic construction deforms and corresponding image。
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of involutory elastic construction。
In figure, 1 is reflective tube, and 2 is cone, and 3 is spring, and 4 is rock mass, and 5 is pallet, and 6 is center-adjusting pad, and 7 is anchor pole, and 8 is nut；1.1 is white narrow strips, and 1.2 is black narrow strips, and 1.3 is the wide striped of white, and 1.4 is black width striped；2.1 is white clear striped, and 2.2 is black non transparent striped。
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate the present invention by the examples below, but be not limited to following example。
Embodiment:
First the structure of the mine anchor rod axial force monitoring device of the accompanying drawings present invention:
As shown in Figure 1, 2, mine anchor rod axial force monitoring device includes elastic construction and display device, and described elastic construction is spring 3, and spring 3 is enclosed within anchor pole 7, and spring 3 upper end connects center-adjusting pad 6, lower end attaching nut 8；Described display device includes cone 2 and reflective tube 1, and reflective tube 1 is connected with spring 3 upper end, and cone 2 is connected with spring 3 lower end；As it is shown on figure 3, reflective tube 1 is formed by having periodic striped, cycle is made up of the wide striped 1.4 of black of width to be the white narrow strips 1.1 of e, width the be black narrow strips 1.2 of w, width to be the wide striped of white 1.3 of q, width be n+m；As shown in Figure 4, cone 2 is formed with black non transparent striped 2.2 by having periodic white clear striped 2.1, and on cone 2, the width of white stripes and blackstreak is equal, and a cycle is made up of the white stripes that width is n and the blackstreak that width is n；After reflective tube 1 and cone 2 assembling, striped has the phase contrast of m。
The mine anchor rod method for monitoring axial force of the present invention is described in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
(1) basic parameter of anchor pole:
It is Q that this monitoring device designs supporting material quality of bolt235Round steel, shank diameter is 20mm, and yield load is 7.54t, and Breaking load is 12t。According to rockbolt installation specification, the first anchor-hold (pretightning force) of anchor pole is Fa=5t；This device design warning load Fb=9.5t, relative to Breaking load 12t, has 2.5t lead, to ensure that staff can find the anchor pole of overload in time when anchor rod strength has more than needed。
(2) basic parameter of elastic construction:
Elastic construction the selection of material is 60Si2MnA or 50CrVA, and its yield strength is 1600MPa。
Owing to the displacement of monolithic elastic structure 0.93mm is too little, elastic construction is carried out involutory assembling, increase axial deflection, adopt more elastic construction to carry out involutory assembling, it is possible to increase width of fringe, distinguish the image of display preferably；But the involutory assembling of more elastic construction, it highly increases, and the effective cross section reducing tunnel is amassed。Therefore, minimal amount when to adopt the number of involutory assembling elastic construction be to distinguish image。The present embodiment adopts four involutory assemblings of elastic construction。As shown in Figure 6, under the load of 12t, the maximum stress of involutory elastic construction is 1565Mpa to physical dimension, and axial maximum deformation quantity is 3.8mm。
(3) basic parameter of display device:
Due to the linear elasticity of elastic construction, involutory elastic construction stand under load is anchor-hold F justaDuring=5t, axial deflection is 1.6mm；Stand under load warning load FbDuring=9.5t, axial deflection is 3mm；Stand under load FcDuring=12t, axial deflection is 3.8mm。
When elastic construction, institute is loaded by 0 to FaWhen=5t is gradually increased, elastic construction is compressed gradually, and reflective tube translates gradually downward, and the display width of the wide striped of white is gradually reduced, when load reaches just anchor-hold FaTime, reflective tube pan-down 1.6mm, the wide striped of white that design desired width is q is just covered completely, therefore, q=1.6mm；
When elastic construction institute is loaded be gradually increased by 0 to F=9t time, elastic construction is compressed gradually, and reflective tube translates gradually downward, reflective tube pan-down 3mm, and design expects that overall width is that three stripeds of b=q+w+e are just covered completely, therefore, b=3mm；
2.5t lead between warning load 9.5t and anchor pole Breaking load, the linear elasticity according to elastic construction, be equivalent to deflection 0.8mm, therefore, m=0.8mm；
Consider the eye resolution of people, it is determined that e=0.3mm；
1. n=b+m=3.8mm can be obtained according to formula
2. w=b-q-e=3-1.6-0.3=1.1mm can be obtained according to formula
So far, the size of each parameter in Fig. 3, Fig. 4:
Q=1.6mm, b=3mm, n=3.8mm, m=0.8mm, w=1.1mm, e=0.3mm
Monitoring method and the result of the present invention are as follows:
Rock mass is applied stress, and the active force of elastic construction is changed by rock mass, and when this active force increases, elastic construction is compressed, and is deformed, and makes cone and reflective tube generation relative displacement, forms following three kinds of states:
(1) I-stage: institute is loaded by 0 to F when elastic constructionaIn the process that=5t is gradually increased, elastic construction is compressed gradually, and reflective tube translates gradually downward, and the display width of the wide striped of white is gradually reduced, when load reaches just anchor-hold FaTime, reflective tube pan-down q=1.6mm, the wide striped of white that width is q=1.6mm is just covered completely, and the image of display is have white narrow strips in the middle of blackstreak；
Namely initial state is shown as in Fig. 5 I image, reaches FaTime be shown that in Fig. 5 II image；
(2) II stages: institute is loaded at F when elastic constructiona=5t to FbIn the process being gradually increased between=9.5t, the image initial of display keeps the image in step (1), until the downward displacement increment of reflective tube levels off to w=1.1mm, the reflex streak width e=0.3mm of display is gradually reduced, when load reaches warning load FbTime the downward total displacement of reflective tube be b=3mm, the white narrow strips that the width of reflective tube is 0.3mm is also just occluded entirely, and the image of display is completely black striped, owing to w is much larger than e, therefore keeps the image in step (1) in the most of the time in II stage；The time ratio that early stage image shows is 1.1/ (1.1+0.3)=78.6%；
I.e. initial state Fa=5t is shown as in Fig. 5 II image, reaches FbIII image in Fig. 5 it is shown that during=9.5t；
(3) III stages: institute is loaded at F when elastic constructionb=9.5t to FcWhen being gradually increased between=12t, owing to reflective tube and cone phase contrast are m=0.8mm, the image in step (2) is kept during the image initial shown, until displacement is n, now anchor pole is disrumpent feelings, elastic construction institute is loaded becomes 0, and elastic construction axial displacement sports 0, and the image of display is white narrow strips, black narrow strips, white wide striped, the alternate composition of black width striped；
I.e. initial state Fb=9.5t is shown as in Fig. 5 III image, reaches FcI image in Fig. 5 it is shown that during=12t。
Claims (2)
1. a mine anchor rod axial force monitoring device, including elastic construction and display device, it is characterised in that: described elastic construction is spring, and spring housing is on anchor pole, and spring upper end connects center-adjusting pad, lower end attaching nut；Described display device includes cone and reflective tube, reflective tube is connected with spring upper end, cone is connected with lower spring end, reflective tube forms by having periodic white reflection and the opaque striped of black, and loop cycle is made up of the black width striped of width to be the white narrow strips of e, width the be black narrow strips of w, width to be the wide striped of white of q, width be n+m；Cone is formed by having the periodic white clear striped with black non transparent, and on cone, the width of white stripes and blackstreak is equal, and a loop cycle is made up of the white stripes that width is n and the blackstreak that width is n；After reflective tube and cone assembling, striped has the phase contrast of m；Each cycle intra-striate width parameter meets: n=q+w+e+m。
2. a mine anchor rod method for monitoring axial force, adopt the mine anchor rod axial force monitoring device described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method is to be deformed making cone and reflective tube produce relative displacement by elastic construction, thus occurring what different monitoring images was monitored；
Specifically include following steps:
When the STRESS VARIATION of rock mass, the active force of elastic construction is changed by rock mass, and when this active force increases, elastic construction is compressed, and is deformed, and makes cone and reflective tube generation relative displacement, forms following three kinds of states:
(1) I-stage: institute is loaded by 0 to F when elastic constructionaWhen being gradually increased, elastic construction is compressed gradually, and reflective tube translates gradually downward, and the display width of the wide striped of white is gradually reduced, when load reaches just anchor-hold FaTime, reflective tube pan-down q, the wide striped of white that width is q is just covered completely, and the image of display is have white narrow strips in the middle of blackstreak；
(2) II stages: institute is loaded at F when elastic constructionaTo FbBetween when being gradually increased, the image initial of display keeps the image in step (1), until reflective tube continues downward displacement increment and levels off to w, the reflex streak width e of display is gradually reduced, when load reaches warning load FbTime the downward total displacement of reflective tube be b, the white narrow strips that the width of reflective tube is e is also just occluded entirely, and the image of display is completely black striped, owing to w is much larger than e, therefore keeps the image in step (1) at the preliminary stage in II stage；B=q+w+e；
(3) III stages: institute is loaded at F when elastic constructionbTo FcBetween when being gradually increased, owing to reflective tube and cone phase contrast are m, the image in step (2) is kept during the image initial shown, until displacement is n, now anchor pole is disrumpent feelings, elastic construction institute loaded becomes 0, and elastic construction axial displacement sports 0, the image of display by white narrow strips, black narrow strips, the wide striped of white, black width striped is alternate forms；N=b+m。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104533488B (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2016-10-05 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of buffering allows pressure pretightning force can survey anchor rod pallet board |
| CN104713668A (en) * | 2015-02-01 | 2015-06-17 | 山东科技大学 | Load-displacement converting device and application method thereof |
| CN105067169B (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2017-08-22 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of apparatus and method for carrying out non-destructive monitoring to anchor axial force using acoustically-driven |
| CN105675201B (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2018-02-06 | 太原理工大学 | Unidirectional force monitoring device and monitoring method |
| EA038628B1 (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2021-09-24 | Алерт Текнолоджиз Инк. | Sensing device for a rock bolt |
| CN106092395B (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2018-10-02 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of device and method that anchor pole power is monitored using equal thickness interference principle |
| CN106768599B (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2019-08-27 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of fluid pressure monitoring device and monitoring method |
| CN106679855B (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2019-03-05 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of device and method mixing discoloration monitoring unidirectional force using liquid |
| CH713600A2 (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2018-09-28 | Digi Sens Ag | Apparatus and method for measuring a load. |
| CN109441513B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2023-10-27 | 山西水利职业技术学院 | Automatic monitoring device for tunnel construction safety |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2160101Y (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1994-03-30 | 韩旭 | Optical coded shift sensor |
| CN2830644Y (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2006-10-25 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Controllable prestressed super-strength anchor arm |
| JP5181213B2 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2013-04-10 | 国立大学法人神戸大学 | Wire deformation detector |
| CN103046941B (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-10-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Anchor cable yield device capable of realizing working load visualization |
| CN203452813U (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-02-26 | 安徽理工大学 | Detector for pretightening force of anchor rod |
| CN203643631U (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2014-06-11 | 嘉应学院 | Cylindrical surface raster and raster pair apparatus using the same |
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