CN104191188A - Cutting tool manufacturing method capable of conveniently reducing austenite residue - Google Patents
Cutting tool manufacturing method capable of conveniently reducing austenite residue Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104191188A CN104191188A CN201410365008.8A CN201410365008A CN104191188A CN 104191188 A CN104191188 A CN 104191188A CN 201410365008 A CN201410365008 A CN 201410365008A CN 104191188 A CN104191188 A CN 104191188A
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- Prior art keywords
- blank
- tempering
- less
- cold treatment
- cooling
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
- B23P15/30—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools lathes or like tools
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/22—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools
Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting tool manufacturing method capable of conveniently reducing austenite residue. The cutting tool manufacturing method comprises the steps of blank blanking, forging, cutting, heat treatment and abrasive machining in sequence. A blank is W2MoCr4V2Co8 high-speed tool steel, the heat treatment comprises preheating, heating and heat preservation, quenching and tempering in sequence, the preheating is carried out through gradual temperature raising in a staged mode, through the heating and heat preservation step, the blank is further heated to 1210-1230 DEG C, the temperature is maintained for not less than 25 minutes, the annealing step is carried out between forging and cutting and heats the forged blank in a stepped mode, and the steps of cold treatment preprocessing, cold treatment and water-bath tempering are further carried out after tempering. The process route is simple, the austenite conversion ratio is high, thermal damage of a turning tool is little, the hardness number of the obtained turning tool can be more than 72 HRC, and the obtained turning tool has good abrasive resistance and red hardness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to for lathe tools process for machining and manufacturing field, particularly relate to a kind of cutting element manufacture method of being convenient to reduce austenite residual quantity.
Background technology
In mechanical processing industry, lathe is considered to the work " machine tool " of all devices.Lathe is mainly used in machining shaft, dish, cover and other have the workpiece of rotary surface, take cylinder as main, be in machine-building and repair factory, to use a widest class lathe, lathe tool for turning processing, there is the cutter of a cutting tip.Lathe tool is one of cutter most widely used in machining.
Development along with Modern Manufacturing Technology, high-speed steel bit is widely used in machining, in use procedure, the cutting tip of lathe tool will bear very large pressure, friction, impacts and be operated at higher temperature, and this makes high-speed steel bit be prone to wearing and tearing, edge bends, lathe tool to rotate strong and impacted the situation that breach etc. is unfavorable for crudy.How further optimizing the cutting element manufacture method of being convenient to reduce austenite residual quantity of the prior art is further to improve the key point of lathe tool quality.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned high-speed steel bit, being prone to wearing and tearing, edge bends, lathe tool rotated strong and impacted the situation that breach etc. is unfavorable for crudy.How further optimizing the cutting element manufacture method of being convenient to reduce austenite residual quantity of the prior art is further to improve the problem of the key point of lathe tool quality, the invention provides a kind of cutting element manufacture method of being convenient to reduce austenite residual quantity.
For the problems referred to above, the cutting element manufacture method of being convenient to reduce austenite residual quantity provided by the invention reaches goal of the invention by following technical essential: the cutting element manufacture method of being convenient to reduce austenite residual quantity, comprise blank blanking in sequence, forge, machining, heat treatment and grinding, described blank is W2MoCr4V2Co8 high-speed tool steel, described heat treatment comprises preheating in sequence, heating and thermal insulation, quench and tempering, described pre-thermal recovery heats up and carries out gradually stage by stage, described preheating comprises that the first stage is heated to 450-600 ℃ and is also incubated and is no less than 20min, second stage is heated to 750-800 ℃ and is also incubated and is no less than 20min, described heating and thermal insulation is further to heat blank to 1210-1230 ℃, and insulation is no less than 25min, between described forging and machining, also comprise annealing steps, the blank step heating of described annealing steps for forging is obtained: being heated to 600-650 ℃ of insulation from normal temperature is no less than 10min, continue to be heated to 850-860 ℃ of insulation and be no less than Slow cooling after 20min, more than the programming rate of heating is not more than 25 ℃/h, described tempering step is comprised of a plurality of single step tempering, each single step tempering is the blank that last step is obtained and is heated to 500-550 ℃, insulation is no less than air cooling or oil cooling after 0.8h, and the cooling velocity of described air cooling and oil cooling is not more than 25 ℃/s, described quenching is oil cooling, the follow-up cold treatment step that also comprises of described tempering process, between described cold treatment step and tempering process, also comprise the front pretreatment of cold treatment, the follow-up water tempering that also comprises of cold treatment, described cold treatment is that the blank that the upper stage was obtained carries out the liquid nitrogen cold treatment of-80 to-150 ℃, before described cold treatment, pretreatment is that 90-100 ℃ of poach is no less than 40min or lonneal is no less than 1h, described water tempering is that the blank poach that last operation is obtained is no less than 1.5h.
Further technical scheme is:
Between described machining and heat treatment, also comprise cleaning step, described cleaning step comprises deoil in sequence matting and baking operation.
Described quenching and tempering also comprise oil removing matting in sequence, drying process and inspection operation.
Described Slow cooling is the cold or oil cooling of stove, and cooling velocity is not more than 30 ℃/h.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, this process route is simple, and the annealing steps of setting is intended to soften the hardness of the blank obtaining after forging, to improve its machining property, is convenient to follow-up machining.The restriction of annealing steps distribution heating, heating-up temperature and temperature retention time, is intended to reduce the decarburized amount of the degree that adds thermal deformation, cracking of blank blank in heat treatment process and possibility, material, guarantees the quality of the follow-up lathe tool obtaining; Simultaneously by the annealing in process of above technique, can make blank hardness number after annealing below 260HBW; Simultaneously, because the annealing temperature providing is higher, compared to prior art, consuming time when obtaining equal annealing effect is only 2/3rds of prior art, and the annealing steps that above distribution is carried out also helps the production efficiency of lathe tool.
2, by the preheating step carrying out stage by stage before the quenching arranging, can effectively reduce degree and possibility that blank in heat treatment process adds thermal deformation, cracking, simultaneously, shorter compared to prior art blank time of staying under the condition of high temperature, be conducive to reduce the decarburized amount of blank, with the lathe tool that further guarantees to obtain, can keep enough hardness and wearabilities.
3, the tempering step forming by a plurality of single step tempering that arrange, can realize the retained austenite existing in the rear blank that quenched constantly decomposes and carbide dispersion sclerosis at the temperature of 500-550 ℃, in the metallographic structure of blank after single step tempering repeatedly, retained austenite content can reduce greatly, finally obtain the metallographic structure into tempered martensite, fine grained residual carbon compound and a small amount of retained austenite, like this, to bring up to 65-72HRC through the blank hardness number obtaining of quenching, be convenient to improve hardness and the wearability of lathe tool, be beneficial to the service life of lathe tool.
4, before the cold treatment arranging, cold treatment, in pretreatment and water tempering step, liquid nitrogen cold treatment transforms for the martensite of retained austenite; Before cold treatment, pretreatment is used for eliminating incomplete quench internal stress, so that retained austenite is tended towards stability, stable like this retained austenite can absorb martensitic sharply expansion energy, reduces the transformation stress of retained austenite formation of martensite, to reach the possibility that reduces cold treatment embrittlement; The water tempering arranging is used for eliminating most of cold treatment residual stress.It is 2-5% that austenite maintenance dose in the lathe tool that can make to finish dealing with is more than set, and in lathe tool, internal stress is little, is convenient to promote at double the service life of lathe tool.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but structure of the present invention is not limited only to following examples.
Embodiment 1:
Be convenient to reduce the cutting element manufacture method of austenite residual quantity, comprise blank blanking in sequence, forge, machining, heat treatment and grinding, described blank is W2MoCr4V2Co8 high-speed tool steel, described heat treatment comprises preheating in sequence, heating and thermal insulation, quench and tempering, described pre-thermal recovery heats up and carries out gradually stage by stage, described preheating comprises that the first stage is heated to 450-600 ℃ and is also incubated and is no less than 20min, second stage is heated to 750-800 ℃ and is also incubated and is no less than 20min, described heating and thermal insulation is further to heat blank to 1210-1230 ℃, and insulation is no less than 25min, between described forging and machining, also comprise annealing steps, the blank step heating of described annealing steps for forging is obtained: being heated to 600-650 ℃ of insulation from normal temperature is no less than 10min, continue to be heated to 850-860 ℃ of insulation and be no less than Slow cooling after 20min, more than the programming rate of heating is not more than 25 ℃/h, described tempering step is comprised of a plurality of single step tempering, each single step tempering is the blank that last step is obtained and is heated to 500-550 ℃, insulation is no less than air cooling or oil cooling after 0.8h, and the cooling velocity of described air cooling and oil cooling is not more than 25 ℃/s, described quenching is oil cooling, the follow-up cold treatment step that also comprises of described tempering process, between described cold treatment step and tempering process, also comprise the front pretreatment of cold treatment, the follow-up water tempering that also comprises of cold treatment, described cold treatment is that the blank that the upper stage was obtained carries out the liquid nitrogen cold treatment of-80 to-150 ℃, before described cold treatment, pretreatment is that 90-100 ℃ of poach is no less than 40min or lonneal is no less than 1h, described water tempering is that the blank poach that last operation is obtained is no less than 1.5h.
Lathe tool heating process operation provided by the invention is simple, and the annealing steps of setting is intended to soften the hardness of the blank obtaining after forging, to improve its machining property, is convenient to follow-up machining.The restriction of annealing steps distribution heating, heating-up temperature and temperature retention time, is intended to reduce the decarburized amount of the degree that adds thermal deformation, cracking of blank blank in heat treatment process and possibility, material, guarantees the quality of the follow-up lathe tool obtaining; Simultaneously by the annealing in process of above technique, can make blank hardness number after annealing below 260HBW; Simultaneously, because the annealing temperature providing is higher, compared to prior art, consuming time when obtaining equal annealing effect is only 2/3rds of prior art, and the annealing steps that above distribution is carried out also helps the production efficiency of lathe tool.
By the preheating step carrying out stage by stage before the quenching arranging, can effectively reduce degree and possibility that blank in heat treatment process adds thermal deformation, cracking, simultaneously, shorter compared to prior art blank time of staying under the condition of high temperature, be conducive to reduce the decarburized amount of blank, with the lathe tool that further guarantees to obtain, can keep enough hardness and wearabilities.
The tempering step forming by a plurality of single step tempering that arrange, can realize the retained austenite existing in the rear blank that quenched constantly decomposes and carbide dispersion sclerosis at the temperature of 500-550 ℃, in the metallographic structure of blank after single step tempering repeatedly, retained austenite content can reduce greatly, finally obtain the metallographic structure into tempered martensite, fine grained residual carbon compound and a small amount of retained austenite, like this, to bring up to 65-72HRC through the blank hardness number obtaining of quenching, be convenient to improve hardness and the wearability of lathe tool, be beneficial to the service life of lathe tool.
Before the cold treatment arranging, cold treatment, in pretreatment and water tempering step, liquid nitrogen cold treatment transforms for the martensite of retained austenite; Before cold treatment, pretreatment is used for eliminating incomplete quench internal stress, so that retained austenite is tended towards stability, stable like this retained austenite can absorb martensitic sharply expansion energy, reduces the transformation stress of retained austenite formation of martensite, to reach the possibility that reduces cold treatment embrittlement; The water tempering arranging is used for eliminating most of cold treatment residual stress.It is 2-5% that austenite maintenance dose in the lathe tool that can make to finish dealing with is more than set, and in lathe tool, internal stress is little, is convenient to promote at double the service life of lathe tool.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is further qualified on the basis of embodiment 1, for the oil stain that prevents from being infected with on blank in mechanical processing process impacts heat treatment, affect the final quality of product, between described machining and heat treatment, also comprise cleaning step, described cleaning step comprises deoil in sequence matting and baking operation.
Further described quenching and tempering also comprise oil removing matting in sequence, drying process and inspection operation.The inspection operation arranging is for checking the quenching quality of blank, as the crackle of outward appearance and thermal deformation, uniform quenching degree are observed, to avoid the blank that does not meet quality requirement to enter next step processing and waste operation resource.
Oxidized and prevent that too fast hardness number and the internal stress that affects blank of cooling velocity, described Slow cooling from being the cold or oil cooling of stove in cooling procedure for preventing blank, and cooling velocity is not more than 30 ℃/h.
Above content is the further description of the present invention being done in conjunction with concrete preferred embodiment, can not assert that the specific embodiment of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, not departing from other embodiments that draw under technical scheme of the present invention, all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. be convenient to reduce the cutting element manufacture method of austenite residual quantity, comprise blank blanking in sequence, forge, machining, heat treatment and grinding, it is characterized in that, described blank is W2MoCr4V2Co8 high-speed tool steel, described heat treatment comprises preheating in sequence, heating and thermal insulation, quench and tempering, described pre-thermal recovery heats up and carries out gradually stage by stage, described preheating comprises that the first stage is heated to 450-600 ℃ and is also incubated and is no less than 20min, second stage is heated to 750-800 ℃ and is also incubated and is no less than 20min, described heating and thermal insulation is further to heat blank to 1210-1230 ℃, and insulation is no less than 25min, between described forging and machining, also comprise annealing steps, the blank step heating of described annealing steps for forging is obtained: being heated to 600-650 ℃ of insulation from normal temperature is no less than 10min, continue to be heated to 850-860 ℃ of insulation and be no less than Slow cooling after 20min, more than the programming rate of heating is not more than 25 ℃/h, described tempering step is comprised of a plurality of single step tempering, each single step tempering is the blank that last step is obtained and is heated to 500-550 ℃, insulation is no less than air cooling or oil cooling after 0.8h, and the cooling velocity of described air cooling and oil cooling is not more than 25 ℃/s, described quenching is oil cooling, the follow-up cold treatment step that also comprises of described tempering process, between described cold treatment step and tempering process, also comprise the front pretreatment of cold treatment, the follow-up water tempering that also comprises of cold treatment, described cold treatment is that the blank that the upper stage was obtained carries out the liquid nitrogen cold treatment of-80 to-150 ℃, before described cold treatment, pretreatment is that 90-100 ℃ of poach is no less than 40min or lonneal is no less than 1h, described water tempering is that the blank poach that last operation is obtained is no less than 1.5h.
2. the cutting element manufacture method of being convenient to reduce austenite residual quantity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, between described machining and heat treatment, also comprise cleaning step, described cleaning step comprises deoil in sequence matting and baking operation.
3. the cutting element manufacture method of being convenient to reduce austenite residual quantity according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described quenching and tempering also comprise oil removing matting in sequence, drying process and inspection operation.
4. the cutting element manufacture method of being convenient to reduce austenite residual quantity according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Slow cooling is the cold or oil cooling of stove, and cooling velocity is not more than 30 ℃/h.
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105177228A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-12-23 | 柳州市众力金铭热处理有限公司 | 40Cr steel rod quenching method for quartz sand rod mill |
CN107058710A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-08-18 | 成都亨通兆业精密机械有限公司 | Reduce the drill produced technique of crystal defect |
CN108103300A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-06-01 | 苏州健雄职业技术学院 | A kind of high-speed steel tool heat treatment process |
CN111235358A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-05 | 西安煤矿机械有限公司 | Cold treatment process for carburized gear piece |
CN111593178A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-28 | 昆山旭文精密工业有限公司 | Machining process of high-abrasion-resistance oil pressure ejector rod |
CN112025231A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-12-04 | 南京军平机械制造有限公司 | Machining process for machining cutter |
CN115365767A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-22 | 山东天工岩土工程设备有限公司 | Powder metallurgy pressing die processing technology and powder metallurgy pressing die |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105177228A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-12-23 | 柳州市众力金铭热处理有限公司 | 40Cr steel rod quenching method for quartz sand rod mill |
CN107058710A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-08-18 | 成都亨通兆业精密机械有限公司 | Reduce the drill produced technique of crystal defect |
CN108103300A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-06-01 | 苏州健雄职业技术学院 | A kind of high-speed steel tool heat treatment process |
CN111235358A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-05 | 西安煤矿机械有限公司 | Cold treatment process for carburized gear piece |
CN111593178A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-28 | 昆山旭文精密工业有限公司 | Machining process of high-abrasion-resistance oil pressure ejector rod |
CN112025231A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-12-04 | 南京军平机械制造有限公司 | Machining process for machining cutter |
CN112025231B (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2022-08-23 | 南京军平机械制造有限公司 | Machining process for machining cutter |
CN115365767A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-22 | 山东天工岩土工程设备有限公司 | Powder metallurgy pressing die processing technology and powder metallurgy pressing die |
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