CN104190828B - The production technology of high residual stress valve spring - Google Patents
The production technology of high residual stress valve spring Download PDFInfo
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- CN104190828B CN104190828B CN201410370648.8A CN201410370648A CN104190828B CN 104190828 B CN104190828 B CN 104190828B CN 201410370648 A CN201410370648 A CN 201410370648A CN 104190828 B CN104190828 B CN 104190828B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the production technology of a kind of high residual stress valve spring, the step of this technique is as follows: wind spring；Wherein, blank is 55CrSi or 50CrVA spring steel wire material；Isothermal hardening；Salt bath tempering；Wherein, salt pond temperature controls at 400 DEG C ~ 440 DEG C, and is incubated a period of time；Cleaning-drying；Mill spring；Chamfering: the two ends of the semi-finished product spring after overground spring processes are carried out chamfering, removes burr, meet the requirement of client's assembling；Twice bead: first time slightly sprays, it is thus achieved that high residual stress value；Second time is carefully sprayed, it is thus achieved that deep residual-stress value；Thermocompression forming；Follow-up arrangement, prepares this high residual stress valve spring.The present invention can complete to eliminate the residual tension in wind spring process, keep the original mechanical performance of material, and high and that the degree of depth is deeper residual stress can be obtained in shot-peening process so that this valve spring can be used and the occasion of heavily stressed width, meets Engine Downsizing requirement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production technology of a kind of high residual stress valve spring, be the technological process of a kind of valve spring manufacture.
Background technology
At present, valve actuating mechanism is the important component part of electromotor, and the control of valve is unidirectional by cam, it is necessary to have valve spring guarantee valve return；When valve-closing, valve spring must assure that the Guan Bi between valve and valve seating and sealing；At the negative boost phase of cam, valve spring must keep valve without departing from the control of cam.Valve spring bears the alternate load of high frequency at work, once occur that fatigue failure is ruptured, generally requires whole electromotor of replacing.Therefore, valve spring is with the cylinder body of electromotor, and the critical piece such as crankshaft-and-connecting-rod is the same, it is desirable to do not rupture within the shelf-life, fatigue reliability has significantly high requirement.
Along with automobile is towards miniaturization, the development of high speed, reduce engine displacement and to adopt exhaust turbine pressuring technology to realize Engine Downsizing be an important development direction of Modern Vehicle Engine, improve the design stress of valve spring on the one hand, the space that can leave valve spring layout on the other hand for is more and more less.Therefore the working stress amplitude of spring is more and more higher, and valve spring reliability aspect is had higher requirement.Traditional valve spring manufacturing process is as follows: adopt oil hardened steel silk, through wind spring, stress relief annealing, grinds spring, and chamfering, the operation such as shot-peening and hot pressing forms；In destressing tempering process, can not removing the tension that wind spring produces completely, a part continues to remain in Steel Wire Surface, causes that valve spring cannot obtain high residual stress in shot-blast process, improves the service life of valve spring；Additionally the case hardness of steel wire can decline, and the tensile strength of corresponding spring steel wire can decline 100～200MPa.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is the defect overcoming prior art, the production technology of a kind of high residual stress valve spring is provided, it can complete to eliminate the residual tension in wind spring process, keep the original mechanical performance of material, and high and that the degree of depth is deeper residual stress can be obtained in shot-peening process, make this valve spring can apply to the occasion of heavily stressed width, meet Engine Downsizing requirement.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme is that the production technology of a kind of high residual stress valve spring, the step of this technique is as follows:
A) wind spring: be semi-finished product spring by blank roll-forming；Wherein, blank is 55CrSi or 50CrVA spring steel wire material；
B) isothermal hardening；Wherein, the temperature range of quenching is 850 DEG C～870 DEG C, and is incubated a period of time, controls the atmosphere in glowing furnace, it is to avoid decarburization is above standard regulation；
C) salt bath tempering；Wherein, salt pond temperature controls at 400 DEG C～440 DEG C, and is incubated a period of time；
D) cleaning-drying；
E) mill spring: the two ends of the semi-finished product spring after having dried are carried out ground, makes semi-finished product spring reach required free height scope；
F) chamfering: the two ends of the semi-finished product spring after overground spring processes are carried out chamfering, removes burr, meet the requirement of client's assembling；
G) twice bead: first time slightly sprays, it is thus achieved that high residual stress value；Second time is carefully sprayed, it is thus achieved that deep residual-stress value；
H) thermocompression forming；
I) follow-up arrangement, prepares this high residual stress valve spring.
The blank that Cheng Qian elder generation removal surface defect exceeds standard is crossed further at wind spring, before described step a), also carry out colour code detection process: the colour code that detection blank supplier coats when the surface defect of blank is above standard, the Partial Resection of colour code will be scribbled.
Further, between described step g) and step h), carry out colour code print operation: the semi-finished product spring after completing bead prints colour code, is used for distinguishing direction or reviewing.
Further, in described step e), ensure that the end thickness of semi-finished product spring is at more than 0.5mm simultaneously.
Further providing the idiographic flow of a kind of follow-up arranging process, in described step i), follow-up arrangement includes successively:
(1) oil: the spring surface after thermocompression forming is coated with antirust oil, meets transport and the storage request of spring；
(2) packaging: spring is packed respectively according to customer requirement manner of packing.
Further for realizing spring thermocompression forming better, in described step h), first semi-finished product spring is heated to 250 DEG C～290 DEG C before thermocompression forming, keep a period of time, recompression, to the physical height of spring, makes the hot wire-CVD experiment of spring and deforms the instructions for use meeting valve spring.
Further, described blank adopts the spring steel wire without oil quenching.
After have employed technique scheme, present invention obtains the valve spring of a kind of high residual stress, can be fully utilized raw-material mechanical performance, when equal shot-peening, obtain and compare the residual stress that conventionally produced valve spring is higher and deep, make this valve spring can apply to the occasion of heavily stressed width, meet the requirement of electromotor ting model.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the production technology of the high residual stress valve spring of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is valve spring residual compressive stress standard scale of axial with steel wire 45 ° on inner surface different depth after bead.
Detailed description of the invention
Being clearly understood to make present disclosure be easier to, below according to specific embodiment and in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
As it is shown in figure 1, the production technology of a kind of high residual stress valve spring, the step of this technique is as follows:
A) wind spring: be semi-finished product spring by blank roll-forming；Described blank can adopt the spring steel wire without oil quenching；Wherein, blank is 55CrSi or 50CrVA spring steel wire material；
B) isothermal hardening；Wherein, the temperature range of quenching is 850 DEG C～870 DEG C, and is incubated a period of time, controls the atmosphere in glowing furnace, it is to avoid decarburization is above standard regulation；
C) salt bath tempering；Wherein, salt pond temperature controls at 400 DEG C～440 DEG C, substantially 1 hour time；
D) cleaning-drying；To complete to be dried by belt drying stove after salt bath tempered spring cleans, the temperature of drying oven is about 100 DEG C；
E) mill spring: the two ends of the semi-finished product spring after having dried are carried out ground, makes semi-finished product spring reach required free height scope；
F) chamfering: the two ends of the semi-finished product spring after overground spring processes are carried out chamfering, removes burr, meet the requirement of client's assembling；
G) twice bead: first time slightly sprays, it is thus achieved that high residual stress value, the diameter of the shot of thick spray can be 0.8mm；Second time is carefully sprayed, it is thus achieved that deep residual-stress value, and the diameter of the shot of thin spray can be 0.5mm；
H) thermocompression forming；
I) follow-up arrangement, prepares this high residual stress valve spring.
As shown in Figure 1, in order to cross, at wind spring, the blank that Cheng Qian elder generation removal surface defect exceeds standard, before described step a), also carry out colour code detection process: the colour code that detection blank supplier coats when the surface defect of blank is above standard, the Partial Resection of colour code will be scribbled；Blank supplier, when detecting that blank has surface defect and exceeds standard, coats colour code at base；
As it is shown in figure 1, carry out colour code between described step g) and step h) to print operation: the semi-finished product spring after completing bead prints colour code, is used for distinguishing direction or reviewing.
In described step e), ensure that the end thickness of semi-finished product spring is at more than 0.5mm simultaneously.
In described step i), follow-up arrangement includes successively:
(1) oil: the spring surface after thermocompression forming is coated with antirust oil, meets transport and the storage request of spring；
(2) packaging: spring is packed respectively according to customer requirement manner of packing.
As shown in Figure 1, in order to realize spring thermocompression forming better, in described step h), first semi-finished product spring is heated to 250 DEG C～290 DEG C before thermocompression forming, keep a period of time, recompression, to the physical height of spring, makes the hot wire-CVD experiment of spring and deforms the instructions for use meeting valve spring.
The operation principle of the present invention is as follows:
The heat treatment of spring and cloudburst treatment art, decide the height of Spring residual stress value, on the fatigue behaviour of valve spring and there is vital impact service life.
The Technology for Heating Processing of spring, mainly according to the kind of spring and what machining state was formulated, sum up and can be divided into three types: the first, every with the steel wire through intensive treatment, such as the spring that carbon spring steel wires, piano wire, oil tempered spring steel wires and steel band one cold forming process make, after formation, only stress relief annealing process need to be carried out；The second, every with the austenitic stainless steel through solution treatment and cold drawn strengthening, the rustless steel steel wire of precipitation-hardening, the spring that steel band and corronil material make with cold forming process, need after shaping to carry out age-hardening process；The third, every thermoforming and the spring with annealed material cold coiling, it is both needed to carry out Q-tempering process.At present, spring shapes heating and Quench heating, many employing flame furnaces or electric furnace, in order to prevent or alleviate surface oxidation and decarburization, obtain higher surface quality, it is desirable to adopt the heating furnace that can control atmosphere, or make atmosphere slightly reproducibility in stove, and the method adopting fast heating at high temperature, centering little spring, the salt bath furnace that can use deoxidation good carries out Quench heating.
The quenching of the spring in the technique of the present invention and tempering, main use arrives the third Technology for Heating Processing above-mentioned, the i.e. isothermal hardening of spring, is mainly used in the little situation obtaining good plasticity and toughness with hope of requirement heat treatment deformation.Isothermal hardening is exactly the hardening heat that spring is heated to steel grade, held for some time, to obtain uniform austenite structure, then quench in the fused salt of above 20 50 DEG C of Ms point, isothermal time enough, make overcooling austenite substantially completely be transformed into bainite structure, then spring is taken out, cool down in atmosphere.This process has higher ductility and toughness than the material of normal quenching, temper, and spring seldom deforms or ftractures；During isothermal hardening, the temperature of salt bath is must strictly controlling of the mechanical property decision required by spring.The usually Ms point of this steel grade a little higher than, it is thus achieved that lower bainite tissue.Using 55CrSi or 50CrVA spring steel wire material in the present invention, its hardening heat is 860+/-10 DEG C. such as temperature drift, obtaining upper bainite tissue, its hardness is low compared with the former；As temperature is too low, though elastic limit can be improved, but plasticity, toughness are poor, so that losing the superiority of isothermal hardening.
The tempering of spring be by quenching after spring be reheated to a certain selected temperature lower than Ac1 held for some time, then with suitable rate of cooling cooling.Usual spring temper processes mainly 2 effects, and one is make spring surface be able to partially remove in the tension that wind spring produces, and processes the higher residual compressive stress of introducing for subsequent peen and prepares；Two is obtain required mechanical property, the tissue of stabilizing spring and size.
Traditional handicraft adopts the spring that oil tempered spring steel wires makes, only need to carry out stress relief annealing after formation to process, the tension that but common tempering can not be completely eliminated in wind spring process to be produced, it is typically only capable to removal about 50～70%, and destressing tempering can reduce the performance of spring steel wire to a certain extent, the tensile strength of conventional 55CrSi or 50CrVA is between 1910～2050MPa, after 420+/-20 DEG C destressing tempering process, tensile strength can reduce by 100～120MPa.Isothermal quenching technique in the present invention, eliminates the residual tension produced in wind spring process completely, and in follow-up isothermal tempering technique, will not reduce the tensile strength of spring steel wire, take full advantage of the mechanical property of material.According to Engine Block Test it is shown that adopt the applied stress amplitude of spring that the spring of isothermal quenching technique is made than traditional handicraft to improve about 10～15%.
In the technique of valve spring, the operation of shot-peening is divided into 2 step shot-peenings, the first thick shot-peening, and the time, the residual compressive stress value obtained was relatively big, but ratio is shallower at about 10 minutes；The thin shot-peening of second step, ball is little, and the residual-stress value obtained is little, but can obtain deeper residual compressive stress value.The regulation of " valve spring internal stress examination criteria " PV3104 of germany volkswagen company is as shown in Figure 2, the valve spring of traditional handicraft can not remove the factors such as the tension in wind spring process completely because of it, residual compressive stress can only achieve popular company A level level, and adopt the valve spring production technology of the present invention, when equal shot-blast process, popular company C grade standard can be reached, improve the service life of valve spring.
Particular embodiments described above; to present invention solves the technical problem that, technical scheme and beneficial effect further described; it is it should be understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; it is not limited to the present invention; all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the production technology of a high residual stress valve spring, it is characterised in that the step of this technique is as follows:
A) wind spring: be semi-finished product spring by blank roll-forming；Wherein, blank is 50CrVA spring steel wire material；
B) isothermal hardening；Semi-finished product spring is heated to the hardening heat of steel grade, held for some time, control the atmosphere in glowing furnace, avoid decarburization to be above standard regulation, to obtain uniform austenite structure, then quench in the fused salt of above 20 50 DEG C of Ms point, isothermal time enough, make overcooling austenite be essentially converted to bainite structure, then semi-finished product spring is taken out, cool down in atmosphere；Wherein, the hardening heat of steel grade ranges for 860 DEG C～870 DEG C；
C) salt bath tempering；Wherein, salt pond temperature controls at 420 DEG C～440 DEG C, and is incubated a period of time；
D) cleaning-drying；
E) mill spring: the two ends of the semi-finished product spring after having dried are carried out ground, makes semi-finished product spring reach required free height scope；
F) chamfering: the two ends of the semi-finished product spring after overground spring processes are carried out chamfering, removes burr, meet the requirement of client's assembling；
G) twice bead: first time slightly sprays, it is thus achieved that high residual stress value；Second time is carefully sprayed, it is thus achieved that deep residual-stress value；
H) thermocompression forming；Wherein, first heating semi-finished product spring to 250 DEG C～290 DEG C before thermocompression forming, keep a period of time, recompression to the physical height of spring, makes the hot wire-CVD experiment of spring and deformation meet the instructions for use of valve spring；
I) follow-up arrangement, prepares this high residual stress valve spring.
2. the production technology of high residual stress valve spring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: before described step a), also carry out colour code detection process: the colour code that detection blank supplier coats when the surface defect of blank is above standard, the Partial Resection of colour code will be scribbled.
3. the production technology of high residual stress valve spring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: between described step g) and step h), carry out colour code print operation: the semi-finished product spring after completing bead prints colour code, is used for distinguishing direction or reviewing.
4. the production technology of high residual stress valve spring according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: between described step g) and step h), carry out colour code print operation: the semi-finished product spring after completing bead prints colour code, is used for distinguishing direction or reviewing.
5. the production technology of high residual stress valve spring according to any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: in described step e), ensure that the end thickness of semi-finished product spring is at more than 0.5mm simultaneously.
6. the production technology of high residual stress valve spring according to any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: in described step i), follow-up arrangement includes successively:
(1) oil: the spring surface after thermocompression forming is coated with antirust oil, meets transport and the storage request of spring；
(2) packaging: spring is packed respectively according to customer requirement manner of packing.
7. the production technology of high residual stress valve spring according to any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: described blank adopts the spring steel wire without oil quenching.
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| CN111745359A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-10-09 | 中南大学 | Method for machining special-shaped spring with inner and outer chamfers |
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| CN105728601A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-07-06 | 上海中国弹簧制造有限公司 | Manufacturing process for valve spring |
| CN105127333A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-09 | 南车戚墅堰机车有限公司 | Spring rolling technology for preventing generation of decarburized layer |
| CN106048513A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-10-26 | 苏州市虎丘区浒墅关弹簧厂 | Machining technology of spring steel wire for pneumatic valve spring |
| CN107541590A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-01-05 | 北京卡特刘科技有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment method for alloy spring steel |
| CN108080541B (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-03-29 | 浙江兰菱机械有限公司 | A kind of trapezoid cross section brute spring processing technology |
| CN110814236A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-21 | 常州泰瑞弹簧有限公司 | Spring coiling method for compression spring based on automatic spring coiling machine |
| CN111014524B (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2022-04-26 | 安庆谢德尔汽车零部件有限公司 | Manufacturing process of high-stress spring |
| WO2021232423A1 (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2021-11-25 | 南京宝钻弹簧有限公司 | Spring manufacturing machine |
| CN111593190A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-28 | 江苏联峰实业有限公司 | Heat treatment process of alloy spring steel |
| CN112080624B (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2022-04-19 | 无锡伏尔康科技有限公司 | Leaf spring processing method, device and equipment for leaf spring damper |
| CN113073176A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-06 | 重庆中海弹簧有限公司 | Spring manufacturing process |
| CN117888034A (en) * | 2024-03-15 | 2024-04-16 | 江苏永钢集团有限公司 | 2000 MPa-grade vanadium-containing 55SiCr spring steel hot-rolled wire rod and production process thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111745359A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-10-09 | 中南大学 | Method for machining special-shaped spring with inner and outer chamfers |
| CN111745359B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2021-09-10 | 中南大学 | Method for machining special-shaped spring with inner and outer chamfers |
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