CN104180570A - Defrosting control method and system of heat pump air-conditioning unit - Google Patents
Defrosting control method and system of heat pump air-conditioning unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN104180570A CN104180570A CN201410369575.0A CN201410369575A CN104180570A CN 104180570 A CN104180570 A CN 104180570A CN 201410369575 A CN201410369575 A CN 201410369575A CN 104180570 A CN104180570 A CN 104180570A
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Abstract
The invention provides a defrosting control method and system of a heat pump air-conditioning unit. The defrosting control method is used for defrosting multiple pipeline systems of the air-conditioning unit and comprises the following steps: whether pipeline systems meeting defrosting requirements exist is detected, if yes, the quantity of the pipeline systems meeting the defrosting requirements is detected; whether the percentage of the quantity of the pipeline systems meeting the defrosting requirements in the total quantity of the pipeline systems is larger than a preset percentage or not is determined; if yes, the pipeline systems meeting the defrosting requirements are sorted according to total run time of corresponding compressors; and a preset quantity of pipeline systems in the pipeline systems meeting the defrosting requirements are in a defrosting mode, and other pipeline systems are in a heating mode. According to the defrosting control method and system, in the defrosting process, part of the pipeline systems defrost, the other pipeline systems perform heating, so that heating continuity for users is guaranteed, the use comfort of the users is improved, the heating pipeline systems provide heat for the defrosting pipeline systems, and the defrosting efficiency is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Defrost technology field of air-conditioning unit, particularly relates to a kind of heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method and system.
Background technology
Heat pump air conditioner unit moves while heating in the winter time, and outdoor finned heat exchanger can frosting affect heat exchange, for improving heat exchange amount, can defrost to outdoor finned heat exchanger; The traditional Defrost method of heat pump air conditioner unit mainly contains the Defrost method that adopts the Defrost method of hot-gas bypass and adopt the commutation of four-way change-over valve commutation guiding cold-producing medium; wherein adopt the Defrost method of four-way change-over valve commutation guiding cold-producing medium commutation to comprise two kinds of Defrost modes: a kind of is that arbitrary pipe-line system of air-conditioning unit is while meeting defrosting condition; all pipe-line systems enter defrosting mode simultaneously; another kind is that the pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition in air-conditioning unit enters defrosting mode, and other pipe-line system is shut down.
The Defrost method of hot-gas bypass, switch the high temperature and high pressure gas of compressor is guided to outdoor finned heat exchanger by magnetic valve, after condensation of refrigerant, directly get back to compressor by throttle mechanism, the heat that the method produces by compressor self completely defrosts, and defrosting efficiency is very low, and can cause compressor to return in a large number liquid, there is the hidden danger of compressor liquid hammer, affect air-conditioning unit durability, and air-conditioning unit is in the time of defrosting, cannot provide heat for user.The Defrost method of four-way change-over valve commutation guiding cold-producing medium commutation, if open indoor fan while defrosting, will cause user's thermal loss, has cold wind to blow to user's side simultaneously; If do not open indoor fan when defrosting, will there is no extra thermal source supply, defrosting time is long, and defrosting efficiency is lower.The all pipe-line systems of the first Defrost mode all enter defrosting mode, and air-conditioning unit cannot provide heat for user; The pipe-line system that the second Defrost mode meets defrosting condition enters defrosting mode; other shutdown, the ruuning situation of each pipe-line system is different, and like this time of air-conditioning unit heating operation is very short; major part all for defrosting, for the heat that user provides considerably less.
Summary of the invention
Discontinuous for traditional defrosting control method air-conditioning unit heating capacity, the problem that defrosting efficiency is low, the invention provides heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method and the system of a kind of user's of raising heating load and defrosting efficiency.
For reaching goal of the invention, the invention provides a kind of heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method, defrost for the multiple pipe-line systems to heat pump air conditioner unit, comprise the following steps:
Detect the described pipe-line system that whether has satisfied defrosting condition;
If there is the described pipe-line system of satisfied defrosting condition, detect the quantity of the described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition;
Whether the percentage that the quantity of described pipe-line system that judgement meets defrosting condition accounts for the quantity of total described pipe-line system of described heat pump air conditioner unit is greater than default percentage;
If so, the described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition is sorted by the size of the accumulated running time of its corresponding compressor;
Before meeting in the described pipe-line system of defrosting condition, a predetermined number described pipe-line system enters defrosting mode, and other described pipe-line system enters heating mode, and wherein predetermined number is the total quantity of described pipe-line system and product of described default percentage.
As a kind of embodiment, in the described pipe-line system of described satisfied defrosting condition, a front predetermined number described pipe-line system enters defrosting mode, after other described pipe-line system enters heating mode, further comprising the steps of:
Whether after the described pipe-line system defrosting of described predetermined number finishes, returning to described detection has the described pipe-line system of satisfied defrosting condition.
As a kind of embodiment, further comprising the steps of:
If do not meet the described pipe-line system of defrosting condition, all described pipe-line systems keep original operational mode.
As a kind of embodiment, further comprising the steps of:
Be less than or equal to described default percentage if meet the percentage that the quantity of the described pipe-line system of defrosting condition accounts for the quantity of total described pipe-line system, the described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition enters defrosting mode, and other described pipe-line system enters heating mode.
As a kind of embodiment, described defrosting condition is the accumulated running time of the corresponding compressor of described pipe-line system to be greater than default running time, and defrosting temperature is less than or equal to default defrosting temperature.
The present invention also provides a kind of heat pump air conditioner unit defrost control system, comprises first detection module, the second detection module, and judge module, order module and the first defrosting module, wherein:
Described first detection module, for detection of the pipe-line system that whether has satisfied defrosting condition;
Described the second detection module, if for there being the described pipe-line system of satisfied defrosting condition, detects the quantity of the described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition;
Described judge module, for judging whether the percentage that the quantity of the described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition accounts for the quantity of total described pipe-line system of described heat pump air conditioner unit is greater than default percentage;
Described order module, be greater than described default percentage if account for the percentage of the quantity of total described pipe-line system for meeting the quantity of described pipe-line system of defrosting condition, the described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition is sorted by the size of the accumulated running time of its corresponding compressor;
Described the first defrosting module, enter defrosting mode for the front predetermined number described pipe-line system of described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition, other described pipe-line system enters heating mode, and wherein predetermined number is the total quantity of described pipe-line system and product of described default percentage.
As a kind of embodiment, also comprise that defrosting finishes module, after finishing for the described pipe-line system defrosting of described predetermined number, return to described first detection module.
As a kind of embodiment, also comprise and keep operation module, if for not meeting the described pipe-line system of defrosting condition, all described pipe-line systems keep original operational mode.
As a kind of embodiment, also comprise the second defrosting module, be less than or equal to described default percentage if account for the percentage of the quantity of total described pipe-line system for meeting the quantity of described pipe-line system of defrosting condition, the described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition enters defrosting mode, and other described pipe-line system enters heating mode.
As a kind of embodiment, described defrosting condition is the accumulated running time of the corresponding compressor of described pipe-line system to be greater than default running time, and defrosting temperature is less than or equal to default defrosting temperature.
Beneficial effect of the present invention comprises:
Heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method of the present invention and system, first detect the pipe-line system that whether has satisfied defrosting condition, detect the percentage that quantity that the quantity of the pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition judgement meet the pipe-line system of defrosting condition accounts for total pipe-line system quantity if having and whether be greater than default percentage, if be greater than, the pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition is sorted by the size of the accumulated running time of compressor, before meeting in the pipe-line system of defrosting condition, a predetermined number pipe-line system enters defrosting mode, other pipe-line system enters heating mode, wherein predetermined number is the total quantity of pipe-line system and product of described default percentage.Relation between the pipe-line system of its suitable Optimized Operation defrosting and the pipe-line system heating, part pipe-line system defrosts, other pipe-line system heats, in the process of heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting, always there is pipe-line system at heating operation, realize the continuity that heat pump air conditioner unit heats, improve user's heating load and comfort, simultaneously, the pipe-line system heating for defrosting pipe-line system heat is provided, the pipe-line system of defrosting absorbs after heat, defrosting efficiency improves greatly, defrosting efficiency can improve more than 60%, and pipe-line system heats always, reduce the frequency of start/stop of compressor, improve heat pump air conditioner unit reliability of operation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of an embodiment of heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of an embodiment of heat pump air conditioner unit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of an embodiment of heat pump air conditioner unit defrost control system of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1 compressor, 2 four-way change-over valves, 3 outdoor finned heat exchangers, 4 filters, 5 throttle mechanisms, 6 indoor finned heat exchangers, 7 gas-liquid separators, 8 outdoor fans, 9 indoor fans, 10 defrosting temperature sensors.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method of the present invention and system are further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method, defrosts for the multiple pipe-line systems to heat pump air conditioner unit, and this air-conditioning unit comprises multiple compressors, corresponding one or more pipe-line systems of each compressor, comprise the following steps:
S100, detects the described pipe-line system that whether has satisfied defrosting condition.
S200, if there is the pipe-line system of satisfied defrosting condition, detects the quantity n of the pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition.
S300, whether the percentage that the quantity n of pipe-line system that judgement meets defrosting condition accounts for the quantity N of total pipe-line system of heat pump air conditioner unit is greater than default percentage A%.
S400, if so, sorts the pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition by the size of the accumulated running time of its corresponding compressor.
S500, before meeting in the pipe-line system of defrosting condition, the individual pipe-line system of predetermined number B (B=N × A%) enters defrosting mode, other pipe-line system enters heating mode, and wherein predetermined number is the total quantity of pipe-line system and product of default percentage.
Heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method of the present invention, first detect the pipe-line system that whether has satisfied defrosting condition, if there is the quantity n that just detects the pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition, whether the percentage that the quantity n of pipe-line system that judgement meets defrosting condition accounts for the quantity N of total pipe-line system is greater than default percentage A%, if be greater than default percentage A%, just the pipe-line system n that meets defrosting condition is sorted by the size of the accumulated running time of its corresponding compressor, the sequence that compressor accumulated running time is grown is front, the short sequence of compressor accumulated running time is rear, after sequence, meeting the individual pipe-line system of front predetermined number B (B=N × A%) in the pipe-line system of defrosting condition enters defrosting mode and defrosts, other pipe-line system enters heating mode and heats.The method is in defrost process, Optimized Operation the relation between pipe-line system and the pipe-line system that heats of defrosting, a part of pipe-line system is defrosted, remaining pipe-line system heats, and has ensured on the one hand the continuity of user's heat supply, can not blow a cold wind over, improve user's comfort, while defrosting on the other hand, have thermal source supply (because when defrosting can suction line system normally heat heat), greatly improved defrosting efficiency, defrosting efficiency can improve more than 60%; Always have pipe-line system to heat, be able to continuously for user provides heat, reduced the frequency of start/stop of compressor, improved air-conditioning unit reliability of operation.
It should be noted that, shown in Figure 2, each air-conditioning unit comprises multiple compressors 1, multiple four-way change-over valves 2, multiple outdoor finned heat exchangers 3, multiple filters 4, multiple throttle mechanisms 5, multiple gas-liquid separators 7 and indoor finned heat exchanger 6, on each outdoor finned heat exchanger 3, be provided with an outdoor fan 8, on indoor finned heat exchanger 6, be provided with indoor fan 9, and multiple pipe-line system shares an indoor finned heat exchanger 6, the corresponding pipe-line system of each compressor.Indoor finned heat exchanger, four-way change-over valve, outdoor finned heat exchanger, filter are connected successively with throttle mechanism, the other two ends of four-way change-over valve 2 are connected with compressor 1 and gas-liquid separator 7 respectively, and compressor 1 is connected with gas-liquid separator 7, form a pipe-line system, the outdoor finned heat exchanger of each pipe-line system is also provided with defrosting temperature sensor 10, for detection of the defrosting temperature that reaches defrosting condition.Multiple pipe-line systems of heat pump air conditioner unit are in the time defrosting, front B the pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition defrosts, other pipe-line system heats, in defrosting, continually provide heat for user, improve user's heating load and comfort, and the pipe-line system heating is for the pipe-line system of defrosting provides heat, has improved defrosting efficiency.
As a kind of embodiment, in the pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition, a front predetermined number pipe-line system enters defrosting mode, after other pipe-line system enters heating mode, further comprising the steps of:
S600, whether after a predetermined number pipe-line system defrosting finishes, returning to detection has the step of the pipe-line system of satisfied defrosting condition.
After the pipe-line system that accounts for the satisfied defrosting condition of the default percentage of total pipe-line system quantity after sequence defrosts and finishes, return to step S100, can ensure that heat pump air conditioner unit is in the time having the pipe-line system of satisfied defrosting condition, can defrost in time, and all pipe-line systems that need defrosting all defrost, improve heat pump air conditioner unit reliability of operation.
As a kind of embodiment, further comprising the steps of:
S200 ', if do not meet the pipe-line system of defrosting condition, all pipe-line systems keep original operational mode.
If do not meet the pipe-line system of defrosting condition, all pipe-line systems keep original operational mode, as continue as user and heat, and ensure as user provides heat continually, improve heating efficiency.
As a kind of embodiment, further comprising the steps of:
S400 ', is less than or equal to default percentage if meet the percentage that the quantity of the pipe-line system of defrosting condition accounts for the quantity of total pipe-line system, and the pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition enters defrosting mode, and other pipe-line system enters heating mode.
Be less than or equal to default percentage if meet the percentage that the quantity of the pipe-line system of defrosting condition accounts for the quantity of total pipe-line system, the pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition defrosts, other pipe-line system continues as user heat is provided, both continuity that user heats and user's heating load can have been ensured, again can be for the pipe-line system of defrosting provides heat to defrost, defrosting efficiency can improve more than 60%.
As a kind of embodiment, defrosting condition is to be greater than the accumulated running time of the corresponding compressor of pipe-line system to preset t running time, and defrosting temperature T is less than or equal to default defrosting temperature T e.
The accumulated running time that pipe-line system need meet its corresponding compressor is simultaneously greater than default running time of t, and defrosting temperature T is less than or equal to default defrosting temperature T e and just calculates and meet defrosting condition, and pipe-line system just can enter defrosting mode.These two conditions can comprehensively judge the frosting situation of outdoor finned heat exchanger, the frosting as whether, and the thickness of frosting.Wherein, it should be noted that, defrosting temperature refers to the temperature that reaches defrosting condition of detection, as defrosting temperature sensor 10 is set on outdoor finned heat exchanger 3, or by finned heat exchanger 3 upper pipeline temperature T g and outdoor environment temperature Tw outside sensing chamber, and obtain default defrosting temperature T e according to these two temperature integrated judgements, wherein, in the time of Tw>T1, Te=Tg; In the time of Tw<T2, Te=Tg-Tw; In the time of T2≤Tw≤T1, Te=Tg.
Based on same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a kind of heat pump air conditioner unit defrost control system, because the principle that this system is dealt with problems is similar to aforementioned a kind of heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method, therefore the enforcement of this system can be referring to the enforcement of preceding method, repeats part and repeat no more.
The heat pump air conditioner unit defrost control system that the embodiment of the present invention provides, shown in Figure 3, comprise first detection module 100, the second detection modules 200, judge module 300, order module 400 and the first defrosting module 500.Wherein: first detection module 100, for detection of the pipe-line system that whether has satisfied defrosting condition.The second detection module 200, if for there being the pipe-line system of satisfied defrosting condition, detects the quantity of the pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition.Judge module 300, for judging whether the percentage that the quantity of the pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition accounts for the quantity of total pipe-line system of heat pump air conditioner unit is greater than default percentage.Order module 400, is greater than default percentage if account for the percentage of the quantity of total pipe-line system for meeting the quantity of pipe-line system of defrosting condition, and the pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition is sorted by the size of the accumulated running time of its corresponding compressor.The first defrosting module 500, enter defrosting mode for front predetermined number B the described pipe-line system of described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition, other described pipe-line system enters heating mode, and wherein predetermined number is the total quantity of described pipe-line system and product of described default percentage.
Heat pump air conditioner unit defrost control system of the present invention, Optimized Operation the relation between pipe-line system and the pipe-line system that heats of defrosting, in air-conditioning unit defrost process, part pipe-line system defrosts, remaining pipe-line system heats, and ensures in defrost process, has all the time pipe-line system to provide thermal source for user, realize the continuity that air-conditioning unit heats, improve user's heating load and comfort; The heat that the pipe-line system of defrosting can absorb the pipe-line system heating defrosts, and has improved defrosting efficiency; This system has reduced the start and stop frequency of compressor in the time that air-conditioning unit defrosts, and has improved air-conditioning unit reliability of operation.
As a kind of embodiment, also comprise that defrosting finishes module 600, after finishing for predetermined number B pipe-line system defrosting, return to first detection module 100.
As a kind of embodiment, also comprise and keep operation module 200 ', if for not meeting the pipe-line system of defrosting condition, all pipe-line systems keep original operational mode.
As a kind of embodiment, also comprise the second defrosting modular unit 400 ', be less than or equal to default percentage if account for the percentage of the quantity of total pipe-line system for meeting the quantity of pipe-line system of defrosting condition, the pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition enters defrosting mode, and other pipe-line system enters heating mode.
As a kind of embodiment, defrosting condition is the accumulated running time of the corresponding compressor of pipe-line system to be greater than default running time, and defrosting temperature is less than or equal to default defrosting temperature.
The above embodiment has only expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (10)
1. a heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method, defrosts for the multiple pipe-line systems to heat pump air conditioner unit, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Detect the described pipe-line system that whether has satisfied defrosting condition;
If there is the described pipe-line system of satisfied defrosting condition, detect the quantity of the described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition;
Whether the percentage that the quantity of described pipe-line system that judgement meets defrosting condition accounts for the quantity of total described pipe-line system of described heat pump air conditioner unit is greater than default percentage;
If so, the described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition is sorted by the size of the accumulated running time of its corresponding compressor;
Before meeting in the described pipe-line system of defrosting condition, a predetermined number described pipe-line system enters defrosting mode, and other described pipe-line system enters heating mode, and wherein predetermined number is the total quantity of described pipe-line system and product of described default percentage.
2. heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, before in the described pipe-line system of described satisfied defrosting condition, a predetermined number described pipe-line system enters defrosting mode, after other described pipe-line system enters heating mode, further comprising the steps of:
Whether after the described pipe-line system defrosting of described predetermined number finishes, returning to described detection has the described pipe-line system of satisfied defrosting condition.
3. heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of: if do not meet the described pipe-line system of defrosting condition, all described pipe-line systems keep original operational mode.
4. heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of:
Be less than or equal to described default percentage if meet the percentage that the quantity of the described pipe-line system of defrosting condition accounts for the quantity of total described pipe-line system, the described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition enters defrosting mode, and other described pipe-line system enters heating mode.
5. according to the heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method described in claim 1 to 4 any one, it is characterized in that, described defrosting condition is the accumulated running time of the corresponding compressor of described pipe-line system to be greater than default running time, and defrosting temperature is less than or equal to default defrosting temperature.
6. a heat pump air conditioner unit defrost control system, is characterized in that, comprises first detection module, the second detection module, and judge module, order module and the first defrosting module, wherein:
Described first detection module, for detection of the pipe-line system that whether has satisfied defrosting condition;
Described the second detection module, if for there being the described pipe-line system of satisfied defrosting condition, detects the quantity of the described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition;
Described judge module, for judging whether the percentage that the quantity of the described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition accounts for the quantity of total described pipe-line system of described heat pump air conditioner unit is greater than default percentage;
Described order module, be greater than described default percentage if account for the percentage of the quantity of total described pipe-line system for meeting the quantity of described pipe-line system of defrosting condition, the described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition is sorted by the size of the accumulated running time of its corresponding compressor;
Described the first defrosting module, enter defrosting mode for the front predetermined number described pipe-line system of described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition, other described pipe-line system enters heating mode, and wherein predetermined number is the total quantity of described pipe-line system and product of described default percentage.
7. heat pump air conditioner unit defrost control system according to claim 6, is characterized in that, also comprises that defrosting finishes module, after finishing, returns to described first detection module for the described pipe-line system defrosting of described predetermined number.
8. heat pump air conditioner unit defrost control system according to claim 7, is characterized in that, also comprises and keeps operation module, if for not meeting the described pipe-line system of defrosting condition, all described pipe-line systems keep original operational mode.
9. heat pump air conditioner unit defrost control system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, also comprise the second defrosting module, be less than or equal to described default percentage if account for the percentage of the quantity of total described pipe-line system for meeting the quantity of described pipe-line system of defrosting condition, the described pipe-line system that meets defrosting condition enters defrosting mode, and other described pipe-line system enters heating mode.
10. according to the heat pump air conditioner unit defrost control system described in claim 6 to 9 any one, it is characterized in that, described defrosting condition is the accumulated running time of the corresponding compressor of described pipe-line system to be greater than default running time, and defrosting temperature is less than or equal to default defrosting temperature.
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| CN106152644A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-23 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Heat pump air conditioner unit defrosting control method and system |
| WO2017050073A1 (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-30 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | Water chiller-heater unit of air cooled heat pump and defrosting control method therefor |
| CN106705478A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-24 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Hot-gas bypass enhanced vapor injection air-conditioning system |
| CN110186154A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-30 | 四川长虹空调有限公司 | The defrosting method and device of air-conditioning |
| CN110500713A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-11-26 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Guarantee defrosting control method, device and the multi-line system of continuous heating |
| CN110715481A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2020-01-21 | 浙江正泰能效科技有限公司 | Defrosting method of air source heat pump unit |
| CN112212467A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-01-12 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Air conditioner control method and device and air conditioning unit |
| CN112484238A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-12 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Defrosting control method and device, multi-module unit and heating and ventilation equipment |
| CN114026373A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2022-02-08 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Refrigeration circuit device |
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