CN104178593B - Iron Ore Powder direct reduction process and equipment - Google Patents
Iron Ore Powder direct reduction process and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN104178593B CN104178593B CN201410431580.XA CN201410431580A CN104178593B CN 104178593 B CN104178593 B CN 104178593B CN 201410431580 A CN201410431580 A CN 201410431580A CN 104178593 B CN104178593 B CN 104178593B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of reduction of iron ore fines method, especially a kind of for Iron Ore Powder direct reduction process. The invention provides one avoid " eggshell effect " for Iron Ore Powder direct reduction process, A, magnet fine mineral powder, coal dust and catalyst are mixed; B, the material after mixing is pressed into material piece with holes, on material piece with holes, is formed with honeycomb hole; C, material piece with holes is sent into direct-reduction in tunnel cave, wherein linearly shape of tunnel cave, the burner hearth of tunnel cave separates into two-layer up and down with thermoconductive material board, form combustion chamber and reative cell; Material piece with holes is admitted in reative cell, utilizes the heat indirect producing in combustion chamber material piece with holes. Owing to burner hearth being separated into combustion chamber and reative cell, this makes material piece with holes can not be subject to direct heating, but by thermoconductive material board, the heat in combustion chamber is transmitted in reative cell, because material piece with holes itself has honeycomb hole, the degree of heat that makes thus material piece be subject in each position approaches simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of reduction of iron ore fines method, especially a kind of Iron Ore Powder direct reduction process. In addition, the present invention also relates toAnd a kind of metallurgical equipment, especially a kind of Iron Ore Powder equipment of direct reduction.
Background technology
Steel and iron industry is Iron Ore Powder to be delivered to blast furnace smelting again through oversintering become molten iron, then becomes the high heat energy of having of next procedureMain material, long-term industrial practice has formed the traditional handicraft of scale maturation. Along with technical research and progress, thisTraditional handicraft is due to its high energy consumption, with high investment, high pollution and high operating cost, and is subject to the challenge of Direct Reducing Iron Process technology.At present DRI research and to produce be mainly as main, with respect to traditional handicraft, by Iron Ore Powder taking the reduction of gas base and coal base reductionIn iron oxide reduction become metallic iron product, a set of DRI functions of the equipments can replace sintering, coking, the height of traditional handicraftThe function of stove. But, with regard to DRI research and the present situation of producing: 1. Iron Ore Powder as main material because of test, produceTechnique or the purposes difference of going back original product, just there is difference in various degree in the material preparatory stage, not only comprise coal-based, grainThe component compatibility differences such as degree, desulfurizing agent, catalyst, and the extruding or the compacting that directly pack Iron Ore Powder into container, have that haveBecome pelletizing and other shape. The difference of component compatibility, directly determines the needed temperature of reduction reaction and the reaction at this temperatureSpeed; Iron Ore Powder directly packs container into reduces, although save Iron Ore Powder forming process, although in test by componentCompatibility carries out some adjustment, found that heat conduction is the condition of iron reduction reaction realization and the restrictive factor of reaction speed; BallGroup or the iron reduction reaction of other shape, in test and practice often because component compatibility, compaction rate and heat-supplying mode do not mateOr because one factor is improper, forming " eggshell " effect on the surface of shape, its mechanism is that material is directly heated, its surfaceBe subject to thermal velocity much larger than material internal heat conduction of velocity, result surface material has been molten and also not reach reaction required in insideTemperature, " eggshell " just produced, and so not only affects reaction speed but also affects percent reduction; 2. in Iron Ore Powder direct-reduction techniqueResearch and application aspect, be summed up two large main flows: the one, and the short flow process of electric furnace forming with electric furnace smelting special steel; The 2nd,Along with the achievement in research of powder metallurgy correlation technique continues to bring out, promote greatly developing of Powder Metallurgy Industry, Iron Ore Powder is directReducing sponge iron powder is as the main material of powder metallurgy. With regard to reduction apparatus, the stove of coal base reduction have tunnel cave, rotary kiln,Rotary hearth furnace etc., these stove single machine production abilities are not high, are only suitable for the production of middle and small scale; For the shaft furnace of gas base directly reducing,Although can carry out large-scale production, stronger to the dependence of natural gas, in the situation that there is no natural gas, must use coalPowder is produced coal gas by " coal-made gas furnace ", and requiring the material being reduced must be acid pellet simultaneously, and drawback as above alsoThere will be. 3. the research of Iron Ore Powder direct-reduction and application need to be expanded further, and its key link is: more reasonably carry outBe applicable to the material compatibility of technological equipment, augmenting response interface, improves heat conduction velocity, and then entirety improves reduction reaction speed;Optimize and creatively design stove equipment, having both as far as possible the special advantage of other stove equipment, heat supply situation, process temperature,The reducing atmosphere of stove, UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, material pack into, product output and cooling etc. realize automatic monitoring and control; Final realThe existing integrated artistic equipment size of capacity, product high-quality, the low energy consumption of operation low cost, process control specification.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide one avoids the Iron Ore Powder direct reduction process of " eggshell " effect.
The present invention solves the Iron Ore Powder direct reduction process that its technical problem adopts, and comprises the following steps:
A, magnet fine mineral powder, coal dust and catalyst are mixed; The usage ratio of magnet fine mineral powder, coal dust and catalyst should be according to toolThe raw material that body uses and determining, its selecting method and traditional direct reduction process are similar;
B, the material after mixing is pressed into material piece with holes, on material piece with holes, is formed with honeycomb hole, on material piece with holesForm hole array, the structure of similar honeycomb coaly; These honeycomb holes can pass through for thermal current, have increased the surface that material piece is heatedLong-pending, its hole is heated evenly material, has effectively reduced the temperature difference of whole material piece with holes;
C, material piece with holes is sent into direct-reduction in tunnel cave, wherein linearly shape of tunnel cave, the burner hearth heat conduction material of tunnel caveFlitch separates into two-layer up and down, forms combustion chamber and reative cell; Material piece with holes is admitted in reative cell, utilizes in combustion chamber and producesRaw heat indirect material piece with holes. Tunnel kiln structure in this step can be referring to follow-up described equipment, but be not limited only toEquipment in the present invention. In combustion chamber, general using coal gas or natural gas carry out combustion heating, and the fuel of selecting need be according to needing realitySituation and determining, is not necessarily limited to the fuel that this method is recommended. Burner hearth is separated with thermoconductive material board plate, in service at laser heating,The heat energy of combustion chamber can approach balance with the heat energy of reative cell, because material piece with holes is not subject to direct heating, but goes outIn the reative cell of uniform temperature comparatively, the inside and outside temperature of material piece with holes is like this more even, with the side of this indirectFormula has just cracked " eggshell " effect.
Further, in A step, using granularity is-320～100 object v-ti magnetite concentrate powder and granularity-20～30 orderCoal dust and sodium salt catalyst in mass ratio the ratio of 3～4:0.8～1.2:0.3～0.4 mix.
Further, in B step, the density of described material piece with holes is not less than 2.7g/cm3, honeycomb hole apertureThis method makes raw material powder density by 1.7g/cm3After compacting, density reaches 2.7g/cm3, the coal in material piece reaches rear oneThe CO effusion resistance increment that fixed temperature burning generates, is conducive to reduction reaction and carries out ground thoroughly. Meanwhile, even if powder and material are pressedPiece is approached by thermal conduction rate, deposits so one ton of material on chassis face in the space of a cubic metre more, makes production efficiency highAnd cost is low.
Further, in C step, between be controlled at+20～+ 50Pa of the pressure of reative cell. Pressure in reative cell is recommendedAdopt variable frequency adjustment and furnace pressure control valve dual control system, thereby obtain pressure control accurately.
Further, in C step, described tunnel cave ringwise.
Further, in C step, one end of rectilinear tunnel cave is provided with fire door, and the other end is closed, with holesMaterial piece enters tunnel cave and in reciprocating mode and reduces in tunnel cave from fire door, and the material piece with holes after reduction is from stoveIn door, discharge. Material piece with holes enters into the reative cell of tunnel cave with chassis, move to the other end of tunnel cave always, and thenFormer road is returned, and different temperature and pressure subregions is set in tunnel cave, controls material piece with holes exist by the speed of control chassisThe time of staying of each subregion.
Another technical problem that will solve of the present invention is to provide one avoids the Iron Ore Powder equipment of direct reduction of " eggshell " effect.
The present invention also provides a kind of Iron Ore Powder equipment of direct reduction, comprises material Special purpose pressing machine, feed mechanism and tunnel cave,Described material Special purpose pressing machine is described tunnel cave feed by feed mechanism, and described tunnel cave comprises kiln body, lays the rail into kiln bodyRoad, chassis be in orbit set and be laid in the combustion system on kiln body, on the mould of described material Special purpose pressing machine, being provided with honeybeeNest hole forming structure; Linearly shape of described tunnel cave, described tunnel cave also comprises thermoconductive material board, described thermoconductive material board settingIn kiln body, and the burner hearth between chassis table top and kiln body kiln top is separated into two-layer up and down, it is at the middle and upper levels for laying combustion systemCombustion chamber, lower floor is reative cell. Kiln body be shaped as linear, corresponding track is also linear. Thermoconductive material board is along stoveThe sealing of thorax axis is laid, and Heat Conduction Material adopts resistant to elevated temperatures Heat Conduction Material, and concrete material should be determined according to actual situation, withReach the balance between energy-conservation and cost.
Further, described thermoconductive material board is carborundum plate, and described carborundum plate is the domes of vault towards kiln top.The thermal conductivity of carborundum is 3 times of ferrous materials, and has strong thermal shock drag, can obtain foot like this at the material of reative cellEnough heat energy; The carborundum plate of domes both can increase the space of reative cell, can increase again the heat-conducting area of carborundum version.
Further, the kiln body of rectilinear tunnel cave is linear, and its one end is provided with fire door, and the other end is closed,Described chassis can move back and forth. This mode is entered an one-way movement mode bringing out with respect to one end, almost can save oneHalf kiln body length, but its efficiency is entered an one-way movement mode bringing out lower than one end, is applicable to small-scale production and uses.
Further, described combustion system comprises the tipburn mouth that is arranged on top of combustion chamber and the side that is arranged on combustion chamber lateral wallBurner. Tipburn mouth is a kind of flat-flame burner, heat insulation in this burner watertight aircase band, can fit tubaeform diffusing opening and airflow centrifugalUnder the effect of power, make air-flow be close to furnace wall inner edge and evenly spread to surrounding, and form recirculating zone in burner axial centre, when what refluxMedium back flow when approaching soon swirling eddy exit, is involved in main rotating flow thigh by air-flow, becomes its part, reflux mediumCan play with stove internal flame gas the effect of catching fire that stabilizes the flame, also can impel stream strand jet attached flow, thereby form open and flat shape diskFlame. Side burner is a kind of sub-high combustion rate burner, adiabatic, simple in structure in burner shell adopts, and can form sub-high-speed flame, fillsDivide combustion atmosphere in control stove, be specially adapted to the high occasion of the high temperature degree of preheating, flameholding, safe and reliable.
Further, also comprise discharging machine and anti-oxidation pond, described discharging machine and feed mechanism are all positioned at one end of fire door allCorresponding with chassis table top, described discharging machine arranges between feed mechanism and fire door, and the outlet of described discharging machine is connected with anti-oxidation pond.
Further, the working surface layers of described chassis adopts the high-strength castable of pink fused alumina alkali resistant.
Further, in the working surface layers of described chassis, be provided with burner port, described burner port is positioned at the sidewall of working surface layers.
Further, described tunnel cave also comprises sealing structure for water, and described sealing structure for water comprises water sealed tank, dead knife and movable blade,Described water sealed tank is positioned at kiln body bottom, and described dead knife is fixedly mounted on kiln body bottom place, and described movable blade is arranged on pallet bottom,Described dead knife and movable blade are by coordinating to seal the gap between chassis and kiln body bottom with liquid in water sealed tank.
Further, described sealing structure for water also comprises scum board, and described scum board is arranged on movable blade bottom and is positioned at water sealed tankIn.
Further, described kiln body is compound masonry, and its liner adopts that castable refractory is integrated poured to be formed, outer adopt twoLayer light heat-insulating material carries out thermal insulation.
Further, on vertical section, to be designed to ladder parameter type according to gas, pressure, temperature relation logical for described tunnel caveRoad. Be that pressure, the variations in temperature of tunnel cave on vertical section is stepped, instead of all identical in whole tunnel cave.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: owing to burner hearth being separated into combustion chamber and reative cell, this can not be subject to material piece with holesTo directly heating, but by thermoconductive material board, the heat in combustion chamber is transmitted in reative cell, in service at laser heating,The heat energy of combustion chamber can approach balance with the heat energy of reative cell, thereby heats material piece with holes, simultaneously due to material piece basis with holesBody has honeycomb hole, and the degree of heat that makes thus material piece be subject in each position approaches, namely material piece inside and outsideThe temperature difference is very little, and the mode of this indirect has just cracked " eggshell " effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of cross section of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the cross sectional representation of charging place of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of chassis working face;
Fig. 6 is that the A-A of Fig. 5 is to schematic diagram;
Parts, position and numbering in figure: material Special purpose pressing machine 1, kiln body 2, track 3, chassis 4, thermoconductive material board 5,Combustion chamber 6, reative cell 7, tipburn mouth 8, side burner 9, ribbon conveyer 10, charging pusher 11, discharging pusher 12,Discharging machine 13, anti-oxidation pond 14, discharge flue 15, working surface layers 16, thermocouple 17, burning peep hole 18, cooling pond19, material piece 20 with holes, sealing structure for water 21.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
A, use Panzhihua Region granularity are-320～100 object v-ti magnetite concentrate powder, and its chemical composition is TFe58.62%,TiO28.49％，V2O50.721％，SiO23.19%, S0.42%, P0.015%, with granularity-20～30 object coal dust and sodium saltThe catalyst in mass ratio ratio of 3～4:0.8～1.2:0.3～0.4 mixes; Should be according to circumstances suitable in the time adopting other raw materialMore rescale.
B, the material after mixing is pressed into material piece 20 with holes, on material piece 20 with holes, is formed with honeycomb hole; Compatibility is mixedGood material packs in the mould designing and producing, and is pressed into the spherical lump material piece of similar honeycomb briquette with the press of 680 tons,Density reaches 2.7g/cm3, the aperture of material piece with holesSpan 10-12mm, the lumpiness of material piece 20 with holes withThe special material distributing machine to trolley surface cloth matches, as the shape of the material piece 20 with holes in Fig. 1 and the cloth on chassis facePut. Like this, increased the surface area that material piece 20 with holes is heated on the one hand, its hole is heated evenly material; Chassis 4 resistance toFire material working surface layers also reaches and keeps uniform temperature at long-term continuous operation, also can be from material piece with holes 20 bottoms to bandHole material piece 20 conducts heat, and what press was suppressed material piece 20 with holes on the other hand is more closely knit, makes powder density by 1.7g/cm3After compacting, density reaches 2.7g/cm3, the coal in material piece 20 with holes reaches the CO effusion resistance that uniform temperature after-combustion generatesPower increases, and is conducive to reduction reaction and carries out ground thoroughly. Meanwhile, even if powder and material briquetting are approached by thermal conduction rate, soOn chassis face, in the space of a cubic metre, deposit one ton of material more, make that production efficiency is high and cost is low.
C, material piece 20 with holes is sent into direct-reduction in tunnel cave, wherein the burner hearth of tunnel cave separates into thermoconductive material board 5Two-layer up and down, form combustion chamber 6 and reative cell 7; Material piece 20 with holes is admitted in reative cell 7, utilizes in combustion chamber 6 and producesRaw heat indirect material piece 20 with holes.
Atmosphere according to technological requirement in reative cell adopts variable frequency adjustment and furnace pressure control valve dual control system, the pressure control of reative cell 7Between+20～+ 50Pa. CO on-line gas analysis instrument is loaded on before air-introduced machine, in the time that flue gas CO exceedes setting, by electricityThe air quantity of high-temperature flue gas section is mixed in the control of moving execution valve, and CO and oxygen are burnt again, and the CO of this part is because ensureing appropriate valueGuarantee reduction effect.
Three grades of Distributed Control Systems of this method recommend adoption computer: upper management level, by high performance technical grade computer and beatingPrinting apparatus composition. Be furnished with the special-purpose software of Industry Control, mainly complete supervision to process equipment running status and report printingFunction, comprising: the operation demonstration of total looks, the demonstration of thermal parameter, curve demonstration, the alarm indication etc. of important parameter, relevantAmendment, the integrating of flow, the storage of system data; Process control level, by PLC, power supply, communication unit, various input andThe compositions such as output module. The collection of main settling signal, control and the communication of system; Execute-in-place level, at instrument board and automatically controlled(being switched to computer control) is set automatically and manually (switches to control on the spot) mode on dish, and be provided with that to maintain process equipment normalThe indispensable instrument of operation. Manual mode can be separated from computer control system, in instrument cabinet and electrical control cubicles, directly thermal technology is joinedThe control of number operates.
The Control for Kiln Temperature of tunnel cave adopts continuously proportional control mode, the temperature of thermocouple access through temperature controller relatively after output (followingSignal system all adopts 4～20mA) control high low signal to the air on each section of house steward, the size that gas regulator is controlled valve position,Thereby regulate the quantity delivered of air, coal gas to realize the adjusting control of temperature. Air, gas regulator are synchronously carried out, but theyOn computer, there is an allocation proportion setting value (K value 0.8～1.2), complete automatically joining of air and coal gas by setting this valueRatio, in the flow value that this value can detect according to flow-through orifice and stove, virtual condition is selected.
The inner flue gas of the stove of tunnel cave is made up of two parts, and gas-fired produces exhaust gas volumn and afterburning air enters and CO burning generation cigaretteTolerance, flows out by exhaust opening. Inner flue gas of the stove flows to as contrary furnace bottom rotation direction, and flue gas passes through expansion chamber after exhaust opening is dischargedA is by suitable dust sedimentation, and flue gas divides two plumes to cross two groups of air heat exchangers, distinguishes combustion air and afterburning air for two groups. ProcessFlue-gas temperature after two groups of air heat exchangers is approximately down to 620 DEG C of left and right, enters expansion chamber B and enter after these two strands of flue gases conflux againGas change heater. 20 DEG C of inlet air temps, through 550 DEG C of left and right of its outlet temperature of heat exchange; 20 DEG C of gas entry temperature, warpIts outlet temperature of heat exchange can reach 300 DEG C of left and right, reaches energy-saving and cost-reducing effect.
Introduce the inventive method below by embodiment:
Embodiment 1: adopt this method to prepare reduced iron powder
By 100g Panzhihua sefstromite concentrate (iron content: 59%, titaniferous: 9%, granularity-200 order), 20～30g coal dust (grainDegree-10 order～20 orders), 1.1～1.5g sodium salt mixes (mouldable), preheating 10～20min at the temperature of 1150 DEG C, 1300 DEG CTemperature under reductase 12 5～35min, after discharging water-cooled, obtain grade and be 70～80% metallization agglomerates, metallization agglomerate is through brokenBroken, ore dressing obtains reduced iron powder one time, and iron grade is 98%, and iron yield reaches 95%, residue Iron Grade of Tailings 10～15%,Iron yield 3～4%, titanium grade 39～40%, 80%, reduced iron powder of mine tailing titanium yield is in 600～800 DEG C through hydrogen alsoThe former iron that obtains is sampled the secondary reduction iron powder that is greater than 99.5%.
Embodiment 2: adopt this method to prepare reduced iron powder
By 100g Panzhihua sefstromite concentrate (iron content: 55%, titaniferous: 10%, granularity-200 order), 20～30g coal dust (grainDegree-10 order～20 orders), 1.1～1.5g sodium salt mixes (mouldable), preheating 10～20min at the temperature of 1150 DEG C, 1300 DEG CTemperature under reductase 12 5～35min, after discharging water-cooled, obtain grade and be 70～80% metallization agglomerates, metallization agglomerate is through brokenBroken, ore dressing obtains reduced iron powder one time, and iron grade is 97.3%, and iron yield reaches 95%, residue Iron Grade of Tailings 10～15%,Iron yield 3～4%, titanium grade 39～40%, 80%, reduced iron powder of mine tailing titanium yield is in 600～800 DEG C through hydrogen alsoThe former iron that obtains is sampled the also reduced iron powder of secondary that is greater than 99.5%.
Embodiment 3: adopt this method to prepare reduced iron powder
By common 100g Panzhihua iron ore concentrate (iron content: 60%, granularity-200 order), 20～30g coal dust (granularity-10 order～20 orders), 1.1～1.5g sodium salt mixes (mouldable), preheating 10～20min at the temperature of 1150 DEG C, the temperature of 1300 DEG CLower reductase 12 5～35min, after discharging water-cooled, obtaining grade is 70% metallization agglomerate, metallization agglomerate obtains through broken, ore dressingTo a reduced iron powder, iron grade is 97.5%, and iron yield reaches 95%, residue Iron Grade of Tailings 10～15%, and iron yield 3～4%, one time reduced iron powder obtains through hydrogen reducing the secondary reduction iron powder that iron taste is greater than 99.5% in 600～800 DEG C.
Embodiment 4: adopt this method to prepare reduced iron powder
By common 100g Panzhihua iron ore concentrate (iron content: 63%, granularity-200 order), 20～30g coal dust (granularity-10 order～20 orders), 1.1～1.5g sodium salt mixes (mouldable), preheating 10～20min at the temperature of 1150 DEG C, the temperature of 1300 DEG CLower reductase 12 5～35min, after discharging water-cooled, obtaining grade is 70% metallization agglomerate, metallization agglomerate obtains through broken, ore dressingTo a reduced iron powder, iron grade is 98.3%, and iron yield reaches 95%, residue Iron Grade of Tailings 10～15%, and iron yield 3～4%, one time reduced iron powder obtains through hydrogen reducing the also reduced iron powder of secondary that iron taste is greater than 99.5% in 600～800 DEG C.
Embodiment 5: adopt this method to prepare reduced iron powder
By 100g Panzhihua vanadium titanium ilmenite concentrate (iron content: 33%, titaniferous: 47%, granularity-200 order), 39～43g coal dust (grainDegree-10 order～20 orders), 6.5～8g sodium salt mixes (mouldable), reduces 35～45min at the temperature of 1300 DEG C, dischargingAfter water-cooled, obtaining grade is 35% metallization agglomerate, and metallization agglomerate obtains reduced iron powder, iron product one time through broken, ore dressingPosition is 95%, and iron yield reaches 88%, residue Iron Grade of Tailings 5%, iron yield 10%, titanium grade 80%, mine tailing titanium yield 87%
Embodiment 6: adopt this method to prepare reduced iron powder
By 100g Panzhihua vanadium titanium ilmenite concentrate (iron content: 33%, titaniferous: 45%, granularity-200 order), 39～43g coal dust (grainDegree-10 order～20 orders), 6.5～8g sodium salt mixes (mouldable), reduces 35～45min at the temperature of 1300 DEG C, dischargingAfter water-cooled, obtaining grade is 35% metallization agglomerate, and metallization agglomerate obtains reduced iron powder, iron product one time through broken, ore dressingPosition is 94%, and iron yield reaches 85%, residue Iron Grade of Tailings 5%, iron yield 10%, titanium grade 80%, mine tailing titanium yield 85%.
Embodiment 7: adopt this method to prepare reduced iron powder
By 77g Panzhihua sefstromite concentrate (iron content: 59%, titaniferous: 9%, granularity-200 order), 21～24g Panzhihua vanadium titaniumIlmenite concentrate (iron content: 33%, titaniferous: 47%, granularity-200 order), 35～39g coal dust (order～20, granularity-10 order), 2.1～3g sodium salt mixes (mouldable), reduces 35～45min at the temperature of 1300 DEG C, and after discharging water-cooled, obtaining grade is 60% metalChange agglomerate, metallization agglomerate obtains reduced iron powder one time through broken, ore dressing, and iron grade is 97%, and iron yield reaches 95%,Residue Iron Grade of Tailings 10%, iron yield 5%, titanium grade 52%, 85%, reduced iron powder of mine tailing titanium yield is in 600～800 DEG CObtain through hydrogen reducing the also reduced iron powder of secondary that iron taste is greater than 99.5%.
Embodiment 8: adopt this method to prepare reduced iron powder
By 77g Panzhihua sefstromite concentrate (iron content: 55%, titaniferous: 9%, granularity-200 order), 21～24g Panzhihua vanadium titaniumIlmenite concentrate (iron content: 33%, titaniferous: 45%, granularity-200 order), 35～39g coal dust (order～20, granularity-10 order), 2.1～3g sodium salt mixes (mouldable), reduces 35～45min at the temperature of 1300 DEG C, and after discharging water-cooled, obtaining grade is 56% metalChange agglomerate, metallization agglomerate obtains reduced iron powder one time through broken, ore dressing, and iron grade is 98%, and iron yield reaches 95%,Residue Iron Grade of Tailings 10%, iron yield 5%, titanium grade 52%, 83%, reduced iron powder of mine tailing titanium yield is in 600～800 DEG CObtain through hydrogen reducing the also reduced iron powder of secondary that iron taste is greater than 99.5%.
Equipment of the present invention comprises material Special purpose pressing machine 1, feed mechanism and tunnel cave, and described material Special purpose pressing machine 1 is by sendingMaterial mechanism is described tunnel cave feed, and described tunnel cave comprises kiln body 2, passes the track 3 of kiln body 2, is arranged on track 3Chassis 4 and be laid in the combustion system on kiln body 2, is provided with honeycomb hole molding structure on the mould of described material Special purpose pressing machine 1;Described tunnel cave also comprises thermoconductive material board 5, and described thermoconductive material board 5 is arranged in kiln body 2, and by chassis 4 table tops and kilnBurner hearth between body 2 kiln tops is separated into two-layer up and down, and it is at the middle and upper levels for laying the combustion chamber 6 of combustion system, and lower floor is reative cell 7.This equipment is in actual production, and material piece 20 with holes only passes through from reative cell 7, and therefore material piece 20 with holes can't be directHeated, thermoconductive material board 5 separates burner hearth, in service at laser heating, the heat energy of combustion chamber 6 can with reative cell 7Heat energy approach balance, just cracked " eggshell " effect by the mode of this indirect.
In order to obtain good heat conductivility, described thermoconductive material board 5 is carborundum plate, and described carborundum plate is that vault is towards kilnThe domes on top. The thermal conductivity of carborundum is 3 times of ferrous materials, and has strong thermal shock drag, like this at reative cellMaterial can obtain enough heat energy; The carborundum plate of domes both can increase the space of reative cell, can increase again carborundumThe heat-conducting area of version.
Fig. 1 is one embodiment of the present invention, can be described as annular tunnel kiln, and described kiln body 2 is arranged to circular arc along axis,Described track 3 is annular, and the two ends on described kiln body 2 circumferencial directions are respectively feed end and discharge end.
Fig. 2 is another embodiment of the invention, can be described as straight shape tunnel cave, and kiln body 2 is arranged to linear along axis, instituteStating track 3 is also linear, and the feed end of kiln body 2 and discharge end share a port or lay respectively at the two ends of kiln body 2.
Above-mentioned two kinds of embodiments all adopt more piece chassis, for example, existLoop tunnel assembled 22 chassis, in annularThe smooth operation of feeling relieved in tunnel cave, 3 drive units become 360 ° arrange and frequency conversion adjustable, make the chassis speed of service 2～6Week/hour scope, so just can be convenient to laying of cloth and drawing mechanism. The more important thing is the selected of trolley surface refractory material,Because the material being reduced directly carries out on trolley surface refractory material, require to have intensity, do not ftracture, indeformable, sizing not,In test, use the high-strength castable of pink fused alumina alkali resistant to do trolley surface, reached Expected Results.
Combustion system of the present invention comprises the side burning that is arranged on the tipburn mouth 8 at 6 tops, combustion chamber and is arranged on combustion chamber 6 lateral wallsMouth 9. The layout of burner, as shown in Figure 1, mainly arranges tipburn mouth for annular tunnel kiln, and it is suitable to select by evidenceCarborundum sheet material, its thermal conductivity is 3 times of ferrous materials, and has strong thermal shock drag, like this at the material energy of reative cellAccess enough heat energy. Adopt tipburn mouth and side burner bidirectional arrangements for straight shape tunnel cave, as shown in Figure 2, meanwhile,Chassis working surface layers 16 is with burner port, states burner port and be positioned at the sidewall of working surface layers 16, shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, and iron powderOr iron powder pressing block is on chassis face when heated reduction, chassis is in static, and tipburn mouth and side burner are heated material up and down,Be conducive to carrying out fast of reduction reaction.
Concrete, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, described feed mechanism comprises that ribbon conveyer 10, charging pusher 11 and discharging push awayMaterial machine 12, described ribbon conveyer 10 extends to the track 3 that is positioned at kiln body 2 feed ends from material Special purpose pressing machine 1, described inCharging pusher 11 and discharging pusher 12 are corresponding with material Special purpose pressing machine 1 position and chassis 4 positions respectively. Ribbon conveyer10 to 4 cloth of chassis material piece 20 with holes, and ribbon conveyer 10 can adopt steel crawler type material distributing machine, its traffic direction and chassis4 direction of travel is vertical, and from the cross-sectional direction of chassis 4, ribbon conveyer 10 is along chassis 4 surfaces, left side, trolley railUnder road, circular flow is done on square channel and right side, specifically shown in Figure 4, and there are one and chassis operation side in ribbon conveyer 10 topsTo consistent discharging pusher 12, when running on discharging pusher 12, material piece 20 with holes approaches chassis 4 outer rim set pointsTime, it is upper that discharging pusher 12 is shifted material piece 20 with holes on ribbon conveyer 10 onto chassis 4, determined by the material recovery timeThe speed of service of chassis 4, ensures the compacting of material piece 20 with holes with two or more material Special purpose pressing machines 1. In fact,Whole feed mechanism is the combination of material Special purpose pressing machine 1, ribbon conveyer 10, discharging pusher 12 and charging pusher 11,And it is chain to realize series. Chain retrodicting, chassis 4 speeds of service determine ribbon conveyer 10 speeds of service, as front-seat (rowRefer to chassis width) material piece 20 with holes move ahead distance just have after row when material piece with holes 20 position, ribbon conveyer 10On must just in time have row's material piece, now discharging pusher 12 is according to infrared signal or the timely pusher of the time relay, sameDischarging pusher 12 coordinates with material Special purpose pressing machine 1, and material powder is injected mould, material Special purpose pressing machine by quantitative timing batcherAfter 1 compacting, from the demoulding, material Special purpose pressing machine 1 also configures charging pusher 11, when the hammer of material Special purpose pressing machine 1 (or is calledPatrix) to lift on after the demoulding, charging pusher 11 pushing belt hole material pieces 20 are to ribbon conveyer 10, for ensureing feeding speed extremelyNeed less more than 2 or 2 material Special purpose pressing machines 1 to coordinate.
Oxidized after coming out of the stove for fear of going back original product, as shown in Figure 1, also comprise discharging machine 13 and anti-oxidation pond 14, instituteState discharging machine 13 and be positioned at kiln body 2 discharge ends corresponding with chassis 4 table tops, the outlet of described discharging machine 13 and anti-oxidation pond 14 phasesConnect. The chassis 4 of annular tunnel kiln, in process of production always in running status, adopts spiral discharging machine will go back by skewed slot againMaterial after former is directly sent into anti-oxidation pond; The chassis of straight shape tunnel cave is located in discharging and cloth material level, and pusher directly willMaterial after reduction pushes anti-oxidation pond, then moves to cloth material level cloth, then enters the also original production of next round.
For the ease of discharging, described discharging machine 13 comprises spiral discharging machine and gear shovel; Described gear shovel towards the one side of supplied materials direction isArc surface, the axis of described arc surface is vertical with supplied materials direction and parallel with chassis 4 table tops; Described gear shovel and spiral discharging machineEntrance is corresponding. What gear shoveled is shaped as " " ", the baffle plate of similar bulldozer shovel. The lower edge of gear shovel is pressed close to chassis 4 working faces,Material in the time that chassis 4 moves on its face is kept off shovel arcwall face and is rolled, and the screw blade before gear shovel is discharged material.
For timely cooling, the helical axis of described spiral discharging machine is hollow form, is provided with water inlet end and water side on helical axis;The inside of described gear shovel is provided with cooling water cavity, is respectively arranged with water inlet and delivery port on cooling water cavity. Material after coming out of the stove stillSo, in the condition of high temperature, what adopt water quench can protect screw blade and gear shovel.
In order to obtain good sealing effectiveness, described tunnel cave also comprises sealing structure for water 21, and described sealing structure for water 21 comprises water sealGroove, dead knife and movable blade, described water sealed tank is positioned at kiln body 2 bottoms, and described dead knife is fixedly mounted on kiln body 2 bottom places,Described movable blade is arranged on chassis 4 bottoms, described dead knife with movable blade by coordinating to seal chassis 4 with liquid in water sealed tankAnd the gap between kiln body 2 bottoms. Described sealing structure for water 21 also comprises scum board, and described scum board is arranged on movable blade bottom alsoBe positioned at water sealed tank. In the time that chassis 4 rotates, circumferential weld falls into material and some other impurity in water sealed tank like this, along with what rotateRelative motion between movable blade and fixing water sealed tank, is progressively scraped the funnel place on water sealed tank, finally regularly clear by funnelSlag, transports with dolly.
Lower mask body is introduced the specific works details of present device:
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 3, the mould of material Special purpose pressing machine 1 is accepted from batch mixer again through the compatibility material of constant feeder,Material Special purpose pressing machine 1 suppresses, from the demoulding, the carrier bar of ribbon conveyer 10 pushed material piece 20 with holes to by charging pusher 11,Under the conveying of grouser shoe, material piece 20 with holes reaches the working surface layers 16 of chassis 4, and interlock makes discharging pusher 12Action, the width of the scraping wings of discharging pusher 12 and working surface layers 16 matches, and material piece 20 with holes is just disposed in chassisOn 4 working face 16.
Chassis 4, under three drive units that become 120 ° of distributions drive, is done clockwise by pre-set velocity operation, discharge flue 15Be arranged on the initiating terminal of kiln body 2 chargings, discharge flue 15 is connected with the A of mud chamber, B and two groups of heat exchangers, and flue gas passes through againSack cleaner, desulfurizing tower are realized the inside and outside row of mark.
Ribbon conveyer 10, under the driving of drive unit, starts the cross section operation around chassis 4, at the working face of chassis 4On layer 16 time, carry material piece 20 with holes, move to chassis 4 track belows and obtain by concrete cooling pond 19 grouser shoesCooling.
Sealing structure for water 21 is arranged on the column of inner and outer ring, and movable blade is arranged on chassis 4, rotates with chassis 4, avoidsThe interior gas overflowing of reative cell 7 is outdoor to be entered in reative cell 7 with cool exterior air. Carborundum plate 5 is separated the burner hearth of tunnel kilnFor combustion chamber 6 and reative cell 7.
Carborundum plate is by thermal transmittance test, and its pyroconductivity reaches 96%, and carborundum plate upper surface point temperature is 1355 DEG C,Conduct heat downwards by carborundum plate, the temperature of the lower surface of this plate point is about 1300 DEG C, does not almost close with the thickness of plateSystem. Carborundum plate is made arc, and for being conducted heat to reative cell equably in combustion chamber, the direct direction of tipburn mouth 8 heat supplies is carbonThe arc top of SiClx plate, the side burner 9 that the interior outside of ring kiln body is arranged on 6 height of combustion chamber, the direct direction of its heat supply isThe both sides extrados of carborundum plate 12.
Continuous tunnel furnace kiln owner wants the furnace temperature of control combustion chamber 6, adopts continuously proportional control mode, the thermocouple access of combustion chamber 6Temperature through temperature controller relatively after output (following signal system all adopts 4～20mA) control high low signal to the air on each section of house steward,Gas regulator is controlled the size of valve position, thereby regulates the quantity delivered of air, coal gas to realize the adjusting control of temperature. Reative cell7 thermocouple only for referencial use participation is controlled.
Atmosphere in the reative cell 7 of tunnel stove adopts variable frequency adjustment and furnace pressure control valve dual control system, and its room pressure is controlled at+ 20～+ 50Pa left and right. CO on-line gas analysis instrument is loaded on before air-introduced machine, in the time that flue gas CO exceedes setting, holds by electronicThe air quantity of high-temperature flue gas section is mixed in the control of row valve, and CO and oxygen are burnt again, and the CO of this part guarantees because ensureing appropriate valueReduction effect.
The operation of tunnel stove adopts three grades of Distributed Control Systems of computer, i.e. upper management level, Engineering Control level and execute-in-placeLevel. Concentrate on on-the-spot central control room.
The high-strength castable cast of working surface layers 16 use pink fused alumina alkali resistant of chassis 4 forms, and chassis 4 is done operation clockwise, by with holesMaterial piece 20 is brought tunnel cave into from feeding mouth and is walked reative cell 7, and under reducing atmosphere, is heated in material reaction chamber 7, bandCarbon in material piece 20 coal dusts of hole and the iron oxide in Iron Ore Powder carry out reduction reaction at a certain temperature, by the operation speed of chassis 4Degree is set by frequency conversion, and material piece 20 with holes limit in stove is heated, react on limit, limit is moved with chassis 4,
From feeding mouth to discharging opening, approximately through 45 minutes, complete Iron Ore Powder DRI process.
Introduce the equipment of the application's the first embodiment below by specific embodiment:
As Fig. 1,3 and 4, annular tunnel kiln reaction chamber temperature is scattered in three sections, and omnidistance 45 minutes, wherein 1150 DEG C of temperatureAccount for 15 minutes, 1300 DEG C of temperature account for 25 minutes, and in stove, natural slow cooling accounts for 5 minutes. Remove accounting for of cloth station and discharging station50 ° of parallactic angles, the occupy-place angle of annular tunnel kiln body 8 is 310 °, meets the temperature section of reative cell, the accounting for of 1200 DEG C of relative combustion chambersParallactic angle is 90 °, and the occupy-place angle that combustion chamber is 1355 DEG C is 185 °, 35 °, the occupy-place angle of natural slow cooling in stove. Tipburn mouth 8 and inside and outsideSide burner 9 lays according to this position and temperature requirement.
Under the delivery of chassis 4 from discharging opening out, the baffle plate of spiral discharging machine is by it for the material piece 20 with holes that completes reduction reactionRoll, screw blade is pushed material piece 20 with holes to discharging skewed slot, and Action of Gravity Field material piece 20 with holes falls into anti-oxidation pond 14.
The material being reduced therefrom takes out and enters fragmentation, mill selects system, selects through the reduction of said process through broken, mill again, obtainsA reduced iron powder, its result: 1) Panzhihua sefstromite concentrate (iron content: 59%, titaniferous: 9%, granularity-200～100 order),Coal dust (order～30, granularity-20 order), catalyst mix, and briquetting, through above-mentioned reduction process, obtains reduced iron powder one time, iron productPosition is 98%, and iron yield reaches 95%, residue Iron Grade of Tailings 10～15%, iron yield 3～4%, titanium grade 39～40%, tailTitanium yield 80%, reduced iron powder in ore deposit obtains through hydrogen reducing the secondary reduction that iron grade is greater than 99.5% in 600～800 DEG CIron powder. 2) Panzhihua vanadium titanium ilmenite concentrate (iron content: 33%, titaniferous: 45%, granularity-200～100 order), coal dust (granularity-20 order～30 orders), catalyst mixes, briquetting is through above-mentioned reduction process, obtaining grade is 35% metallization agglomerate, metallizationAgglomerate obtains reduced iron powder one time through broken, ore dressing, and iron grade is 94%, and iron yield reaches 85%, residue Iron Grade of Tailings5%, iron yield 10%, titanium grade 80%, mine tailing titanium yield 85%. See table:
Introduce the working method of the second embodiment equipment of the present invention below:
The method and apparatus of the second Iron Ore Powder direct-reduction, as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4. Material Special purpose pressing machine 1 is also furnished withPusher is at cloth station, and by material piece 20 feedings with holes, in the working surface layers 16 of chassis 4, the drive unit of chassis 4 willIt sends into the reduction station of straight type tunnel cave, and closure of a tunnel furnace door positions reduction to material piece 20 with holes.
The refractory material working lining of straight type tunnel cave chassis 4 has laid the burner port that crosses chassis 4 width, the flame of side burner 9This burner port of positive alignment, the furnace roof burner 8 of combustion chamber 6 heats facing to the upper cambered surface of carborundum plate, and material piece 20 with holes existsIn reative cell 7, heated up and down.
The flue gas of combustion chamber 6 and reative cell 7 divides two-way to fume emission passage 15, implements dedusting and heat exchange. Temperature, atmosphereThe same annular tunnel kiln of control device.
Computer by Central Control Room is handled, as each burner air inlet, air intake control of valve position, make reative cell 7 temperature 1050～1150 DEG C and 1280～1300 DEG C of two scopes, the overall process time is 35 minutes, first temperature section 15 minutes, second temperatureDegree section is 20 minutes.
A reduction process finishes, and opens tunnel cave fire door, and chassis 4 is driven to out material level, and pusher discharging machine 13 directly will be gone backOriginal product pushes anti-oxidation pond 14. Enter afterwards next station cloth material level, repeat an engineering.
Claims (16)
1. Iron Ore Powder direct reduction process, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
A, magnet fine mineral powder, coal dust and catalyst are mixed;
B, the material after mixing is pressed into material piece with holes (20), on material piece with holes (20), is formed with honeycomb hole;
C, material piece with holes (20) is sent into direct-reduction in tunnel cave, wherein linearly shape of tunnel cave, the thermoconductive material board for burner hearth (5) of tunnel cave separates into two-layer up and down, forms combustion chamber (6) and reative cell (7); Material piece with holes (20) is admitted in reative cell (7), utilizes the heat indirect material piece with holes (20) producing in combustion chamber (6).
2. Iron Ore Powder direct reduction process claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in A step, use granularity be-320～100 object v-ti magnetite concentrate powder and granularity-20～30 object coal dust and sodium salt catalyst in mass ratio the ratio of 3～4:0.8～1.2:0.3～0.4 mix.
3. Iron Ore Powder direct reduction process claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in B step, the density of described material piece with holes (20) is not less than 2.7g/cm3, honeycomb hole aperture
4. Iron Ore Powder direct reduction process claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in C step, between be controlled at+20～+ 50Pa of the pressure of reative cell (7).
5. Iron Ore Powder direct reduction process claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in C step, one end of rectilinear tunnel cave is provided with fire door, the other end is closed, material piece with holes (20) enters tunnel cave and in reciprocating mode and reduces in tunnel cave from fire door, and the material piece with holes (20) after reduction is discharged from fire door.
6. Iron Ore Powder equipment of direct reduction, comprise material Special purpose pressing machine (1), feed mechanism and tunnel cave, described material Special purpose pressing machine (1) is described tunnel cave feed by feed mechanism, described tunnel cave comprises kiln body (2), lays the track (3) of kiln body (2), is arranged on the chassis (4) on track (3) and is laid in the combustion system on kiln body (2), it is characterized in that: on the mould of described material Special purpose pressing machine (1), be provided with honeycomb hole molding structure; Linearly shape of described tunnel cave, described tunnel cave also comprises thermoconductive material board (5), described thermoconductive material board (5) is arranged in kiln body (2), and the burner hearth between chassis (4) table top and kiln body (2) kiln top is separated into two-layer up and down, it is at the middle and upper levels for laying the combustion chamber (6) of combustion system, and lower floor is reative cell (7).
7. Iron Ore Powder equipment of direct reduction as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: described thermoconductive material board (5) is carborundum plate, and described carborundum plate is the domes of vault towards kiln top.
8. Iron Ore Powder equipment of direct reduction as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: the kiln body of rectilinear tunnel cave is linear, and its one end is provided with fire door, and the other end is closed, and described chassis can move back and forth.
9. Iron Ore Powder equipment of direct reduction as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: described combustion system comprises the side burner (9) that is arranged on the tipburn mouth (8) at top, combustion chamber (6) and is arranged on combustion chamber (6) lateral wall.
10. Iron Ore Powder equipment of direct reduction as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: also comprise discharging machine (13) and anti-oxidation pond (14), described discharging machine (13) and feed mechanism are all positioned at one end of fire door all corresponding with chassis (4) table top, described discharging machine (13) arranges between feed mechanism and fire door, and the outlet of described discharging machine (13) is connected with anti-oxidation pond (14).
11. Iron Ore Powder equipment of direct reduction as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: the working surface layers (16) of described chassis (4) adopts the high-strength castable of pink fused alumina alkali resistant.
12. Iron Ore Powder equipment of direct reduction as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that: in the working surface layers (16) of described chassis (4), be provided with burner port, described burner port is positioned at the sidewall of working surface layers (16).
13. Iron Ore Powder equipment of direct reduction as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described tunnel cave also comprises sealing structure for water (21), described sealing structure for water (21) comprises water sealed tank, dead knife and movable blade, described water sealed tank is positioned at kiln body (2) bottom, described dead knife is fixedly mounted on kiln body (2) bottom place, described movable blade is arranged on chassis (4) bottom, and described dead knife and movable blade are by the gap coordinate to seal bottom chassis (4) and kiln body (2) with liquid in water sealed tank between.
14. Iron Ore Powder equipment of direct reduction as claimed in claim 13, is characterized in that: described sealing structure for water (21) also comprises scum board, and described scum board is arranged on movable blade bottom and is positioned at water sealed tank.
15. Iron Ore Powder equipment of direct reduction as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: described kiln body (2) is compound masonry, and its liner adopts that castable refractory is integrated poured to be formed, and the outer double-deck light heat-barrier material that adopts carries out thermal insulation.
16. Iron Ore Powder equipment of direct reduction as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: described tunnel cave is designed to ladder parameter type passage according to gas, pressure, temperature relation on vertical section.
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| CN112301178B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2022-02-22 | 烟台市红森林节能环保科技有限公司 | Device and method for gas-based reduction of metal oxide fine ore |
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| CN101157984B (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2010-06-02 | 攀枝花锐龙冶化材料开发有限公司 | Method for deoxidizing vanadium-titanium ferroferrite by non-tube tunnel kiln |
| CN101497933B (en) * | 2009-03-02 | 2010-12-01 | 王号德 | Method for rapidly and directly reducing haematite or limonite into ferrous powder |
| CN101586172B (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2010-09-01 | 何德武 | Method for preparing metallized pellet and reduced iron powder |
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Denomination of invention: Method and equipment for directly reducing iron ore powder Effective date of registration: 20190307 Granted publication date: 20160525 Pledgee: Contractor Bank Co., Ltd. Chengdu Branch Pledgor: Panzhihua Liyu Mining Co., Ltd. Registration number: 2019510000024 |
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