CN104178186B - A kind of coal low-temperature carbonization system and method - Google Patents

A kind of coal low-temperature carbonization system and method Download PDF

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CN104178186B
CN104178186B CN201410455153.5A CN201410455153A CN104178186B CN 104178186 B CN104178186 B CN 104178186B CN 201410455153 A CN201410455153 A CN 201410455153A CN 104178186 B CN104178186 B CN 104178186B
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coal
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dry
coke
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CN104178186A (en
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吴道洪
郭启海
丁力
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Shenwu Technology Group Corp Co Ltd
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Beijing Shenwu Environmental and Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a kind of coal low-temperature carbonization system and method, including revolving bed dry distilling unit, raw coke oven gas washing, tar capture unit, coal gas convection unit and coal gas dry coke quenching unit, described revolving bed dry distilling unit is sequentially connected with raw coke oven gas washing, tar capture unit, coal gas convection unit and coal gas dry coke quenching unit.Present invention reduces oil gas at residing time in furnace, reduce second pyrolysis reaction, improve the productivity of tar.

Description

A kind of coal low-temperature carbonization system and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to retorting technique, particularly relate to the low temperature distillation technology of a kind of coal.
Background technology
At present, the dry distillation of coal refers to that coal heats under isolation air conditions, decomposes generation coke (semicoke), Coal tar, coal gas and the process of pyrolysis water.The low temperature distillation of coal refers to use relatively low heating final temperature to make coal There is pyrolytic reaction, it is considered that low temperature distillation final temperature is 500-700 DEG C.
The low temperature distillation of coal is divided into internal heat type and external-heat by mode of heating.Traditional gas retort mostly is exterior-heat Formula, the externally heated retort oven thermal efficiency is low, and material is heated uneven, and volatility product second pyrolysis is the most serious. Internally heated retort oven directly contacts with coal by heat carrier and heat is directly transmitted to coal charge, makes coal be pyrolyzed Reaction, has the features such as heating fast, efficiency height, homogeneous heating.Outside though internal heat type low-temperature dry distillation overcomes The deficiency of hot type and shortcoming, but internal heat type dry distilling mostly is high-temperature flue gas makees heat carrier, with the cigarette after coal heat exchange Gas is blended in coal gas with pyrolysis of coal product together extraction gas retort, reduces calorific value and the quality of coal gas. Have employed dry distilling purified gas in its Patent CN101885973A as heat carrier, purified gas is at gas retort Outside after recuperator is heated to 450-900 DEG C, it is passed through gas retort and directly contacts with coal and be pyrolyzed Reaction, this technique coal gas purity is suitable with external-heat technique, and calorific value is high, and coal charge is heated quick, uniform. But this process high-temperature purified gas is to be obtained by outside recuperator heating, carries as heat with high-temperature flue gas Body is compared, and system thermal efficiency is low.
The moving-bed retorting furnace (CN101712878B) that a kind of radial canal and circulating current comprehensively heat is situated between The radial canal mode that uses the gas retort that continued heats and the pyrolysis of circulating current heat transfer type, and fuel flue gas walks radiation In pipe, radial canal radiation heating coal seam, it is achieved that flue gas and the isolation of pyrolysis coal gas, to gas from burner hearth One end removal, from the other end move into, conveying to gas be containing pyrolysis water, Jiao oil and gas mix Closing medium, the dynamic equipment to gas that carries is blower fan.This technique uses aqueous, the raw gas of tar, gas As circulative convection gas, in circulating line and device memory at dust, tar condensing equivalent risk, to circulation Dynamic equipment requirements is harsh, and the waste heat of high temperature semi-coke does not make full use of simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address subproblem present in existing coal low temperature distillation technology, it is provided that a kind of Coal low-temperature carbonization system and method.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of coal low-temperature carbonization system, including revolving bed dry distilling unit, raw coke oven gas washing, tar trapping list Unit, coal gas convection unit and coal gas dry coke quenching unit, described revolving bed dry distilling unit is sequentially connected with raw coke oven gas Washing, tar capture unit, coal gas convection unit and coal gas dry coke quenching unit, described revolving bed dry distilling list The coke outlet of unit is connected with the Jiao Kou that enters of coal gas dry coke quenching unit, and the gas of described revolving bed dry distilling unit enters Mouth is connected with the gas exit of coal gas dry coke quenching unit, and described coal gas dry coke quenching unit uses cylinder dry coke quenching Device.
Preferably, described revolving bed dry distilling unit is provided with isolation gas radiation pipe, drapery panel and gas distribution dress Put.
Preferably, described isolation gas radiation pipe is arranged on the top of the bed of material, bottom or top and the bottom.
Preferably, the quantity of described cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary is 1-5 level, is provided with heat exchange in described cylinder Component.
Preferably, described coal gas convection unit includes purified gas device and convection flow fan.
A kind of method utilizing described system that coal is carried out low temperature distillation, it is characterised in that include following Step:
(1) broken feed coal enters revolving bed dry distilling unit and carries out dry distilling, semi-coke by furnace side discharging, High temperature oil, air and heat Xie Shui are by furnace roof extraction;
(2) high temperature oil of extraction, air and heat Xie Shui are carried out through raw coke oven gas washing, tar capture unit Gas purification and tar are collected, and collect the tar obtained and purified gas for oil, gas product;Purified gas passes through The convection flow fan of coal gas convection unit enters coal gas dry coke quenching unit, as the cooling medium of semi-coke;
(3) coal gas of high temperature after dry coke quenching enters revolving bed dry distilling unit, by distribution device from lower to On uniformly across dry distilling coal seam, coal is complete under the effect that coal gas of high temperature heat convection and radial canal radiate heating Become retort process;
(4) semi-coke after dry distilling obtains product semi-coke after coal gas dry coke quenching unit cools down.
Preferably, the fire box temperature in described step 1 is 500-700 DEG C.
Preferably, in described step 3 coal gas of high temperature after dry coke quenching from being positioned at the revolving bed gas retort bed of material The burner hearth in face enters revolving bed dry distilling unit.
Preferably, by drum rotation speed and the gas flow rate of regulation cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary in described step 4 Control the time of contact of coal gas and semi-coke, it is ensured that semi-coke temperature≤85 DEG C after quenching.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) dry distilling unit uses isolation gas radiation pipe heating revolving bed gas retort device, from the bed of material The high temperature circulation coal gas that face burner hearth introduces, bottom-up simultaneously can be quickly dry distilling through coal seam heat convection Oil gas product carries gas retort outside, shortens oil gas residing time in furnace, reduces second pyrolysis reaction, improves The productivity of tar, tar yield can reach more than the 90% of lattice gold test;
(2) compare with traditional isolation gas radiation pipe heating revolving bed gas retort device, this dry distilling side Method have employed to completely cut off the radiation of gas radiation pipe and is heated to be master, changes through coal seam convection current with high temperature circulation coal gas Heat is auxiliary, it is achieved that the bed of material is heated Quick uniform, and retorting time is 30-80min, improves separate unit dry distilling Stove treating capacity, production capacity improves up to 33%;
(3) one or more levels close phase cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary is used to realize purified gas direct heat transfer, cylinder There is component inside, controls heat-exchange time by regulating rotation speed of drum and gas flow rate, and semi-coke Exposure degree is imitated Rate is high, up to more than 85%;
(4) isolation gas radiation pipe heating revolving bed dry distilling, circulation purified gas dry coke quenching, high temperature are used Circulating gas heat convection technique couples, and directly reclaims dry distilling solid product semi-coke sensible heat and is used for as the dry distillation of coal Heat supply, reduces distillation system energy consumption, average dry distilling ton coal energy-conservation more than 15%;
(5) use purified gas circulative convection heat exchange, retorted product gas do not have foreign matter gas dilution, Dry distillation gas calorific value is high, calorific value of gas > 5000kcal/Nm3
(6) using circulation purified gas is that pyrolysis of coal is to gas, the type selecting difficulty of reduction wind motor device;
(7) the purified gas quenching heat exchange after cooling is used, high temperature purified gas convection current pyrolysis raw coal after heat exchange, The high temperature semi-coke sensible heat for pyrolysis unit that can reclaim accounts for total combustion gas energy consumption more than 9%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of coal low-temperature carbonization system flow chart;
1, revolving bed dry distilling unit;2, raw coke oven gas washing, tar capture unit;3, coal gas convection current list Unit;4, coal gas dry coke quenching unit.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to the present invention is better described, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, real to the present invention The technical scheme executed in example is clearly and completely described.
The present invention includes revolving bed dry distilling unit 1, raw coke oven gas washing, tar capture unit as described in Figure 1 2, coal gas convection unit 3 and coal gas dry coke quenching unit 4, described revolving bed dry distilling unit 1 is sequentially connected with Raw coke oven gas washing, tar capture unit 2, coal gas convection unit 3 and coal gas dry coke quenching unit 4.
Described revolving bed dry distilling unit 1 is provided with isolation gas radiation pipe, drapery panel and distribution device.Institute State isolation gas radiation pipe and be arranged on the top of the bed of material, bottom or top and the bottom, be arranged as optimum with bottom, Because top does not has radial canal can reduce the second pyrolysis reaction of oil gas.Described coal gas dry coke quenching unit 4 is adopted Use cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary.The quantity of described cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary is 1-5 level, it is ensured that semi-coke after quenching Temperature≤85 DEG C, with 3 grades of quenchings as optimum.It is provided with heat exchange component in described cylinder.Described coal gas pair Stream unit includes purified gas device and convection flow fan.
Embodiment:
Revolving bed dry distilling unit uses isolation gas radiation pipe heating revolving bed gas retort, treatment scale 100 Ten thousand tons/year, as a example by being pyrolyzed jet coal.
(1) broken feed coal enters revolving bed dry distilling unit, and dry distilling condition is final temperature 650 DEG C, cloth Material thickness 180mm, the response time 90min rotated a circle, 650 DEG C of semi-coke from furnace side extraction, 650 DEG C oil gas is from furnace roof extraction, furnace roof extraction high temperature oil, gas and water 35.1 ten thousand tons/year.
(2) high temperature oil of extraction, gas and water through gas washing, that tar capture unit carries out coal gas is clean Changing and collect tar, coal gas and tar temperature are down to 30 DEG C, and circulation purified gas is introduced by convection flow fan Coal gas dry coke quenching unit, as the cooling medium of semi-coke, collects the tar obtained and purified gas for oil, gas Product, it is thus achieved that tar product 10.8 ten thousand tons, coal gas product 14.24 ten thousand tons, and finally obtain semi-coke product 64.9 ten thousand tons.Dry coke quenching unit is as a example by 3 grades of quenchings, and one-level dry coke quenching semi-coke inlet temperature is 650 DEG C, Semi-coke outlet temperature is 550 DEG C, and gas entry temperature is 400 DEG C, and gas outlet temperature is 620 DEG C; Two grades of dry coke quenching semi-coke inlet temperatures are 550 DEG C, and semi-coke outlet temperature is 300 DEG C, gas entry temperature Being 250 DEG C, gas outlet temperature is 400 DEG C;Three grades of dry coke quenching semi-coke inlet temperatures are 300 DEG C, blue Charcoal outlet temperature is≤85 DEG C, and gas entry temperature is 25 DEG C, and gas outlet temperature is 250 DEG C.
(3) cooled coal gas quenching cycle ratio is 0.75, uses the purified gas quenching heat exchange (coal gas after cooling Dry coke quenching unit heat recovery efficiency reaches 60%), high temperature purified gas convection current pyrolysis raw coal after heat exchange, it is possible to The high temperature semi-coke sensible heat for pyrolysis unit reclaimed accounts for total combustion gas energy consumption 13.6%.
(4) the high temperature circulation coal gas after dry coke quenching is by the effect of the convection flow fan of coal gas convection unit, Entered by the burner hearth being positioned at below the bed of material of revolving bed gas retort, the most uniformly worn by distribution device Cross dry distilling coal seam, it is achieved with the heat convection in coal seam, quickly dry distilling oil gas product is carried outside gas retort simultaneously, Coal completes dry distillation of coal process under the effect that high temperature circulation coal gas heat convection and radial canal radiate heating.
The above, the only present invention preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not Being confined to this, any those familiar with the art, can in the technical scope of present disclosure The change readily occurred in or replacement, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, this Bright protection domain should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.

Claims (7)

1. a coal low-temperature carbonization system, it is characterised in that include revolving bed dry distilling unit, raw coke oven gas Washing, tar capture unit, coal gas convection unit and coal gas dry coke quenching unit, described revolving bed dry distilling list Unit be sequentially connected with raw coke oven gas washing, tar capture unit, coal gas convection unit and coal gas dry coke quenching unit, The coke outlet of described revolving bed dry distilling unit is connected with the Jiao Kou that enters of coal gas dry coke quenching unit, described revolving bed The gas access of dry distilling unit is connected with the gas exit of coal gas dry coke quenching unit, described coal gas dry coke quenching list Unit uses cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary;Described revolving bed dry distilling unit is provided with isolation gas radiation pipe, cloth Plate and distribution device.
Coal low-temperature carbonization system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described isolation cigarette Gas radial canal is arranged on the top of the bed of material, bottom or top and the bottom.
Coal low-temperature carbonization system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described cylinder is done The quantity of coke quenching device is 1-5 level, is provided with heat exchange component in described cylinder.
4. utilize the method that the arbitrary described system of claim 1-3 carries out low temperature distillation to coal, It is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) broken feed coal enters revolving bed dry distilling unit and carries out dry distilling, semi-coke by furnace side discharging, High temperature oil, air and heat Xie Shui are by furnace roof extraction;
(2) high temperature oil of extraction, air and heat Xie Shui are carried out through raw coke oven gas washing, tar capture unit Gas purification and tar are collected, and collect the tar obtained and purified gas for oil, gas product;Purified gas passes through The convection flow fan of coal gas convection unit enters coal gas dry coke quenching unit, as the cooling medium of semi-coke;
(3) coal gas of high temperature after dry coke quenching enters revolving bed dry distilling unit, by distribution device from lower to On uniformly across dry distilling coal seam, coal is complete under the effect that coal gas of high temperature heat convection and radial canal radiate heating Become retort process;
(4) semi-coke after dry distilling obtains product semi-coke after coal gas dry coke quenching unit cools down.
The method of coal low temperature distillation the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described step Fire box temperature in 1 is 500-700 DEG C.
The method of coal low temperature distillation the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described step In 3, the coal gas of high temperature after dry coke quenching is done from the burner hearth entrance revolving bed being positioned at below the revolving bed gas retort bed of material Evaporate unit.
The method of coal low temperature distillation the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described step Contacting of coal gas and semi-coke is controlled by the regulation drum rotation speed of cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary and gas flow rate in 4 Time, it is ensured that semi-coke temperature≤85 DEG C after quenching.
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CN104560072B (en) * 2014-12-26 2018-05-18 北京神源环保有限公司 Thermal decomposition of organic wastes system and method for pyrolysis
CN105331377A (en) * 2015-11-16 2016-02-17 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 Coal pyrolysis method and system
CN105910451B (en) * 2016-06-13 2018-02-23 神雾科技集团股份有限公司 A kind of lower furnace body destructive distillation device moving up and down and its method for destructive distillation
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