CN104175860A - Planetary series-parallel power system and vehicle adopting same - Google Patents
Planetary series-parallel power system and vehicle adopting same Download PDFInfo
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- CN104175860A CN104175860A CN201410388390.4A CN201410388390A CN104175860A CN 104175860 A CN104175860 A CN 104175860A CN 201410388390 A CN201410388390 A CN 201410388390A CN 104175860 A CN104175860 A CN 104175860A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planetary series-parallel power system and a vehicle adopting the same. The planetary series-parallel power system comprises an engine, a motor I, a motor II, a front planetary line, a rear planetary line and a system output shaft, wherein a front sun gear is connected with the motor I, and is locked or released by a front locking clutch; a front planet carrier is in transmission connection with the engine; a rear sun gear is connected with the motor II; a rear planetary carrier of the rear planetary line is connected with the system output shaft; a front gear ring is connected with the rear sun gear of the rear planetary line; a rear gear ring is connected with a rear locking clutch used for locking or releasing the rear gear ring; a mode clutch used for enabling the rear planetary line to integrally rotate and enabling the rear gear ring, the rear planetary carrier and the rear sun gear to relatively and freely rotate when in combining or separating is arranged between or among two or more of the rear gear ring, the rear planetary carrier and the rear sun gear respectively. The planetary series-parallel power system can conveniently realize the mode switch of the high-low speed and avoid the problem of power circulation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planetary series-parallel connection power system and use the vehicle of this power system.
Background technology
In the face of energy shortage and the day by day serious present situation of environmental pollution, hybrid vehicle is actv. energy-saving automobile scheme at present, and its power system has series, parallel and three kinds of forms of series-parallel connection.Tandem energy is realized the optimal control of driving engine, but all energy all can, through secondary conversion, lose larger; Parallel connection can realize good driving efficiency, but driving engine and output shaft mechanical connection can not guarantee that driving engine is all the time in work area preferably; Series-parallel connection can be evaded the shortcoming of the two in conjunction with the advantage of series and parallel connections, is the configuration scheme of optimizing the most in three.
Current Series-Parallel HEV mainly adopts planetary mechanism as power dividing device, and typical version comprises the THS system of Toyota and general AHS system.Wherein the THS system of Toyota adopts single planetary row structure, belongs to single mode power dividing device, can only realize a kind of pattern of input type power dividing, lower at the driving efficiency of high velocity.The AHS system of General Corporation adopts double or three rows of planetary to arrange to realize power dividing, can realize two kinds of patterns of input type power dividing and combined type power dividing, two kinds of patterns make up mutually, make the driving efficiency of AHS can maintain higher level in whole speed of a motor vehicle region, but the control that often needs a plurality of power-transfer clutchs in AHS system comes implementation pattern to switch, make the structure of whole system very complicated, control difficulty larger.
The Chinese patent that application number is 201310410243.8, application publication number is CN 103448529 A discloses the electric parallel-serial hybrid power system of a kind of planetary bimodulus oil, comprise driving engine, system input shaft, motor, front planet row, rear planet row, No. two motors and system output shaft, a motor, No. two motors are connected with inverter respectively, by the super capacitor energy supply as electrical source of power; The front sun wheel of front planet row is connected with a motor, and front pinion carrier is connected by system input shaft with driving engine, and front ring gear is connected with system output shaft with rear pinion carrier; The rear sun gear of rear planet row is connected with No. two motors, and rear pinion carrier is connected with system output shaft, and the casing of rear gear ring and power system is fixed.In addition, power system also comprises for locking or discharges the power-transfer clutch of the front pinion carrier being connected with motor-driven, according to the height of the speed of a motor vehicle, select combination, the released state of this power-transfer clutch, at power-transfer clutch, realize paralleling model completely during in bonding state, make the power of driving engine directly from mechanical path output, guaranteed higher driving efficiency.But in above-mentioned existing hybrid power system, whole rear planet row is only equivalent to retarder, because planet combined hybrid system exists mechanical. points, point corresponding to rotating speed while transmitting without electric power in planet combined hybrid system, therefore, in series-parallel connection mode operation process, when the higher arrival mechanical. points of the speed of a motor vehicle, the rotating speed of a motor can reverse, and causes it by generating state, to be transformed into driving condition, emergent power circulation, produce dynamo-electric secondary conversion, affect system effectiveness.And existing planet combined hybrid system is when the speed of a motor vehicle is lower, most of power of driving engine can be assigned to motor No. one, so electric power accounting is excessive, affects equally system effectiveness.In addition, existing hybrid power system is very high to the speed demand of No. two motors when high speed, cause that No. two motor volumes are large, cost is high, to problems such as bearing rotating speed area requirement height, and also need to rely on mechanical brake Associated brake while braking at a high speed, fuel economy is poor.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of planetary series-parallel connection power system, the pattern that can realize easily high low speed is switched and avoids circulating of power problem, and meanwhile, the present invention also provides a kind of vehicle that uses this planetary series-parallel connection power system.
The technical scheme that in the present invention, planetary series-parallel connection power system adopts is: planetary series-parallel connection power system, comprise driving engine, a motor, No. two motors, front planet row, rear planet row and system output shafts, the front sun wheel of described front planet row is connected with motor and by front lock-up clutch locking or release, front pinion carrier and driving engine are in transmission connection; The rear sun gear of described rear planet row is connected with No. two motors, and the rear pinion carrier of described rear planet row is connected with system output shaft, and the front ring gear of described front planet row is connected with the rear sun gear of described rear planet row; Described rear gear ring is connected with for the rear lock-up clutch to rear gear ring locking or release; Between rear gear ring, rear pinion carrier and at least two of rear sun gear, be provided with for making respectively described rear planet row as a unitary rotation and the regime clutch that after making, gear ring, rear pinion carrier and rear sun gear rotate relatively freely in combination when separated.
Described regime clutch is arranged between described rear gear ring and rear planet row.
Between described front pinion carrier and driving engine, be provided with torsional vibration damper.
The technical scheme that in the present invention, a kind of vehicle adopts is: a kind of vehicle, the drive axle that comprises planetary series-parallel connection power system, is in transmission connection with the system output shaft of planetary series-parallel connection power system and be assemblied in the wheel on drive axle, described planetary series-parallel connection power system comprises driving engine, a motor, No. two motors, front planet row, rear planet row and system output shafts, the front sun wheel of described front planet row is connected with motor and by front lock-up clutch locking or release, front pinion carrier and driving engine are in transmission connection; The rear sun gear of described rear planet row is connected with No. two motors, and the rear pinion carrier of described rear planet row is connected with system output shaft, and the front ring gear of described front planet row is connected with the rear sun gear of described rear planet row; Described rear gear ring is connected with for the rear lock-up clutch to rear gear ring locking or release; Between rear gear ring, rear pinion carrier and at least two of rear sun gear, be provided with for making respectively described rear planet row as a unitary rotation and the regime clutch that after making, gear ring, rear pinion carrier and rear sun gear rotate relatively freely in combination when separated.
Described regime clutch is arranged between described rear gear ring and rear planet row.
Between described front pinion carrier and driving engine, be provided with torsional vibration damper.
The present invention adopts technique scheme, in planetary series-parallel connection power system before the front sun wheel of planet row be connected with motor and by front lock-up clutch locking or release, front pinion carrier and driving engine are in transmission connection, the rear sun gear of described rear planet row is connected with No. two motors, the rear pinion carrier of described rear planet row is connected with system output shaft, the front ring gear of described front planet row is connected with the rear sun gear of described rear planet row, described rear gear ring is connected with for the rear lock-up clutch to rear gear ring locking or release, rear gear ring, between rear pinion carrier and at least two of rear sun gear, be provided with regime clutch, therefore, by cooperatively interacting of regime clutch and front lock-up clutch and rear lock-up clutch, regime clutch in conjunction with time can make described rear planet row as a unitary rotation, the demand that adapts to high-speed driving and brake at a high speed, regime clutch can make rear gear ring when separated, rear pinion carrier and rear sun gear rotate relatively freely, rely on the speed ratio between rear sun gear and rear pinion carrier to adapt to driven at low speed and low speed braking, thereby the pattern that realizes easily high low speed is switched, can reduce the rotating speed requirement to front planet row when to transformation point in the speed of a motor vehicle, and then avoid emergent power circulatory problems.And, by the switching of high low-speed mode, when high speed, can reduce the speed demand to No. two motors, thereby can adopt that volume is little, cost is low, No. two motors low to bearing rotating speed area requirement, can also when braking, directly realize braking energy reclaims, reduce or break away from the dependence to mechanical brake Associated brake, improving fuel economy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of planetary series-parallel connection power system in the present invention, is also simultaneously the structural representation of planetary series-parallel connection power system in an embodiment of a kind of vehicle in the present invention.
The name that in figure, each Reference numeral is corresponding is called: 1, driving engine, 2, motors, 3, front lock-up clutch, 4, inverter, 5, electrical source of power, 6, front ring gear, 7, rear gear ring, 8, rear lock-up clutch, 9, regime clutch, 10, No. two motors, 11, system output shaft, 12, rear sun gear, 13, rear pinion carrier, 14, front pinion carrier, 15, front sun wheel, 16, torsional vibration damper, 17, drive axle.
The specific embodiment
In the present invention, planetary series-parallel connection power system embodiment as shown in Figure 1, be a kind of double mode planet combined hybrid system, comprise driving engine 1, motor 2, No. two motors 10, inverter 4, electrical source of power 5, front planet row, rear planet row, system output shafts 11 and the drive axle 17 being in transmission connection with system output shaft 11.Inverter 4 is prior art, adopts integrated manipulator, the integrated control function to double-motor and respective electrical annex, compact conformation.
The front sun wheel 15 of front planet row is connected with motor 2 and by front lock-up clutch 3 lockings or release, front pinion carrier 14 is in transmission connection with driving engine 1, the front ring gear 6 of front planet row is connected with the rear sun gear 12 of rear planet row, and front sun wheel 15 can be locked on planetary transmission housing or is released and freely rotates under the effect of front lock-up clutch 3.The rear sun gear 12 of rear planet row is connected with No. two motors 10, and rear pinion carrier 13 is connected with system output shaft 11 and is separated from each other with the front ring gear 6 of front planet row, and rear gear ring 7 is connected with for the rear lock-up clutch 8 to rear gear ring 7 lockings or release; Simultaneously, between rear gear ring 7 and rear planet row, be provided with regime clutch 9, this regime clutch 9 in conjunction with time make after pinion carrier 13 link together with rear gear ring 7, and then make rear planet row as a unitary rotation, and after can making when separation, gear ring 7, rear pinion carrier 13 and rear sun gear 12 rotate relatively freely.In order to cushion the vibration between driving engine 1 and motor, the output shaft of driving engine 1 is in transmission connection by torsional vibration damper 16 with the system input shaft that front pinion carrier 14 is in transmission connection.Torsional vibration damper 16 is prior art, and its concrete structure no longer describes in detail herein.
This planetary series-parallel connection power system specific works pattern is:
(1) electric-only mode:
Driving engine 1 cuts out, motor 2 idle running, and electrical source of power 5 provides power driven car load to travel to No. two motors 10, and this pattern can be divided into pure electronic, the pure electronic two states of high speed of low speed.
Low speed is pure when electronic, and the mode of operation of forward and backward lock-up clutch and regime clutch 9 is: front lock-up clutch 3 in non-lockup state (being release position), rear lock-up clutch 8 in lockup state, regime clutch 9 in disengaged state (being released state).Now combined hybrid system be input as No. two motors 10 that are connected on rear sun gear 12, be output as rear pinion carrier 13, concrete torque is closed and is:
t out =(1+k 2 ) T mG2 , wherein:
t out for system output torque,
k 2 for the speed ratio of rear planet row,
t mG2 be the torque of No. two motors, be suitable for low speed starting and drive operating mode.
High speed is pure when electronic, and the mode of operation of forward and backward lock-up clutch and regime clutch 9 is: front lock-up clutch 3 in non-lockup state, rear lock-up clutch 8 in non-lockup state, regime clutch 9 in engagement state.Now combined hybrid system be input as No. two motors 10 that are connected on rear sun gear 12, be output as rear pinion carrier 13, after gear ring 7 with after pinion carrier 15 link together, the speed ratio of rear planet row is 1, concrete torque is closed and is:
t out =T mG2 , be suitable for high-performance cruise and drive operating mode.
This pattern can be eliminated the idling oil consumption of driving engine, improves car load fuel economy.And, by controlling lock-up clutch and regime clutch, realize low speed and two kinds of patterns of high speed, while adapting to low speed high torque demand and high speed, reduce the speed demand to No. two motors, when electrical source of power electric weight is sufficient, utilize as far as possible No. two motors to drive car load, improve car load economy.
(2) combination drive pattern:
Driving engine 1 work, motor 2 works in generating state, No. two motors 10 of electricity work in motoring condition, electrical source of power 5 does not provide or provides power according to car load demand to No. two motors 10, driving engine and No. two motors drive car load to travel jointly, and this pattern can be divided into mixed on low speed driving, mixed at high speed drives two states.
When mixed on low speed drives, the mode of operation of forward and backward lock-up clutch and regime clutch 9 is: front lock-up clutch 3 in non-lockup state, rear lock-up clutch 8 in lockup state, regime clutch 9 in disengaged state.Now being input as of combined hybrid system is connected to the driving engine 1 in front sun wheel 14 and is connected to No. two motors 10 on rear sun gear 12, is output as rear pinion carrier 13, and concrete torque is closed and is:
t out =(1+k 2 ) (T mG2 + (k 1 / (1+k 1 )) T e ), wherein:
k 1 for the speed ratio of front planet row,
t mG2 be the torque of No. two motors,
t e for motor torque, be suitable for driven at low speed operating mode.
When mixed at high speed drives, the mode of operation of forward and backward lock-up clutch and regime clutch 9 is: front lock-up clutch 3 in non-lockup state, rear lock-up clutch 8 in non-lockup state, regime clutch 9 in engagement state.Now being input as of combined hybrid system is connected to the driving engine 1 in front sun wheel 14 and is connected to No. two motors 10 on rear sun gear 12, be output as rear pinion carrier 13, rear gear ring 7 links together with rear pinion carrier 13, and the speed ratio of rear planet row is 1, and concrete torque is closed and is:
t out =T mG2 + (k 1 / (1+k 1 )) T e , be suitable for high-speed driving operating mode.
Mechanical. points according to planet combined hybrid system, by the pattern of using lock-up clutch and regime clutch to carry out low speed and mixed at high speed driving, switch, planet combined hybrid system in the present invention can carry out the switching of rotating speed when arriving mechanical. points, improve the corresponding speed of a motor vehicle of mechanical. points, guarantee that rotating speed reversion does not appear in a motor, avoid existing planet combined hybrid system when the high speed of a motor vehicle because carrying out the switching of rotating speed, to occur that a motor 2 is in driving condition when arriving mechanical. points, No. two motors 10 circulating of power problem in generating state, make any moment in combination drive, a motor 2 is forever in generating state, No. two motors 10 are forever in driving condition, prevent extra dynamo-electric secondary switching process.Meanwhile, this pattern can make engine operation in efficient district, improves the whole efficiency of power system.
(3) engine direct drives pattern:
Driving engine 1 cuts out, and No. one motor 2 is not worked, 10 idle running of No. two motors, and driving engine 1 provides power driven car load to travel, and this pattern can be divided into that the pure engine direct of low speed drives, the pure engine direct of high speed drives two states.
When woolly type engine directly drives, the mode of operation of forward and backward lock-up clutch and regime clutch 9 is: front lock-up clutch 3 in lockup state, rear lock-up clutch 8 in lockup state, regime clutch 9 in disengaged state.Now combined hybrid system be input as the driving engine 1 being connected in front sun wheel 14, be output as rear pinion carrier 13, concrete torque is closed and is:
t out =(1+k 2 ) T e be suitable for the driven at low speed operating mode of electrical source of power electric weight when inadequate, rely on driving engine directly to drive car load, this pattern can be driven by engine direct, make the power of driving engine not distribute to motor No. one, all be assigned to output shaft, eliminate the existing planet combined hybrid system too high problem of electric power accounting that most of power division to motor of driving engine causes when low speed, effectively reduce the impact of dynamo-electric secondary conversion on power system efficiency.
When high speed engine directly drives, the mode of operation of forward and backward lock-up clutch and regime clutch 9 is: front lock-up clutch 3 in lockup state, rear lock-up clutch 8 in non-lockup state, regime clutch 9 in engagement state.Now combined hybrid system be input as the driving engine 1 being connected in front sun wheel 14, be output as rear pinion carrier 13, concrete torque is closed and is:
t out =T e , be suitable for driving operating mode when vehicle travels with the higher speed of a motor vehicle and car load propulsive effort demand is positioned at engine high-efficiency district, avoid existing combined hybrid system when engine direct drives problem, the problem includes: data-collection problem has improved power system efficiency.
(4) braking energy take-back model:
Driving engine 1 cuts out, and No. one motor 2 is not worked, and No. two motors 10 are in generating state, and No. two motor 10 provides power driven car load to travel with the friction braking system of car load, and this pattern can be divided into low speed and high speed two states.
When low speed braking energy reclaims, the mode of operation of forward and backward lock-up clutch and regime clutch 9 is: front lock-up clutch 3 in non-lockup state, rear lock-up clutch 8 in lockup state, regime clutch 9 in disengaged state.Now combined hybrid system be input as No. two motors 10 that are connected on rear sun gear 12, the electric braking force that is output as 13, No. two motors 12 of rear pinion carrier is applied on wheel by output shaft 11, realizes braking energy recovering function.Concrete torque is closed:
t out =(1+k 2 ) T mG2 , be suitable for low speed high torque braking, can effectively utilize the braking potential of No. two motors, fully reclaim braking energy, significantly improve the fuel economy of vehicle.
When high speed braking energy reclaims, the mode of operation of forward and backward lock-up clutch and regime clutch 9 is: front lock-up clutch 3 in non-lockup state, rear lock-up clutch 8 in non-lockup state, regime clutch 9 in engagement state.Now combined hybrid system be input as No. two motors 10 that are connected on rear sun gear 12, the electric braking force that is output as 13, No. two motors 12 of rear pinion carrier is applied on wheel by output shaft 11, realizes braking energy recovering function.Concrete torque is closed:
t out =T mG2 , be suitable for braking at a high speed, in the time of can reducing high speed, to the braking force of No. two motors and speed demand, reduce the upper demand to bearing range of speed of volume, cost and design of No. two motors.
Adopt above-mentioned planet series-parallel connection power system, can realize the mode of operations such as pure electric drive, combination drive, engine direct are driven, braking energy recovery, utilize forward and backward lock-up clutch, regime clutch and planet circular system implementation pattern to switch, avoided the circulating of power problem of existing planet combined hybrid system when high speed on market, assurance system possesses efficient driving efficiency when low speed and high speed, has solved existing planet combined hybrid system problem because of a motor rotation blockage direct driving of driving engine for a long time when engine direct drives pattern; And, under the condition of output equal-wattage and torque, the planet series-parallel connection power system in the present invention is with respect to existing planet combined hybrid system, by means of lock-up clutch and regime clutch, can select No. two motors that peak speed and peak torque are less, thereby reduce the cost of system.
In the present invention a kind of vehicle embodiment comprise above-mentioned planetary series-parallel connection power system, the drive axle 17 that is in transmission connection with the system output shaft 11 of above-mentioned planetary series-parallel connection power system and be assemblied in the wheel on drive axle, concrete structure repeats no more herein.
In the above-described embodiments, regime clutch 9 is arranged between rear gear ring and rear planet row, easily manufactured, and can make structure compacter, thereby reduces better space hold.In other embodiments of the invention, regime clutch 9 also can be set between rear gear ring and rear sun gear or between rear planet row and rear sun gear, can coordinate with front lock-up clutch 3 and rear lock-up clutch 8 equally implementation pattern to switch, the pattern that realizes easily high low speed is switched and is avoided circulating of power problem.
Claims (6)
1. planetary series-parallel connection power system, comprise driving engine, a motor, No. two motors, front planet row, rear planet row and system output shafts, the front sun wheel of described front planet row is connected with motor and by front lock-up clutch locking or release, front pinion carrier and driving engine are in transmission connection; The rear sun gear of described rear planet row is connected with No. two motors, it is characterized in that: the rear pinion carrier of described rear planet row is connected with system output shaft, and the front ring gear of described front planet row is connected with the rear sun gear of described rear planet row; Described rear gear ring is connected with for the rear lock-up clutch to rear gear ring locking or release; Between rear gear ring, rear pinion carrier and at least two of rear sun gear, be provided with for making respectively described rear planet row as a unitary rotation and the regime clutch that after making, gear ring, rear pinion carrier and rear sun gear rotate relatively freely in combination when separated.
2. planetary series-parallel connection power system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described regime clutch is arranged between described rear gear ring and rear planet row.
3. planetary series-parallel connection power system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: between described front pinion carrier and driving engine, be provided with torsional vibration damper.
4. a vehicle, the drive axle that comprises planetary series-parallel connection power system, is in transmission connection with the system output shaft of planetary series-parallel connection power system and be assemblied in the wheel on drive axle, described planetary series-parallel connection power system comprises driving engine, a motor, No. two motors, front planet row, rear planet row and system output shafts, the front sun wheel of described front planet row is connected with motor and by front lock-up clutch locking or release, front pinion carrier and driving engine are in transmission connection; The rear sun gear of described rear planet row is connected with No. two motors, it is characterized in that: the rear pinion carrier of described rear planet row is connected with system output shaft, and the front ring gear of described front planet row is connected with the rear sun gear of described rear planet row; Described rear gear ring is connected with for the rear lock-up clutch to rear gear ring locking or release; Between rear gear ring, rear pinion carrier and at least two of rear sun gear, be provided with for making respectively described rear planet row as a unitary rotation and the regime clutch that after making, gear ring, rear pinion carrier and rear sun gear rotate relatively freely in combination when separated.
5. a kind of vehicle according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described regime clutch is arranged between described rear gear ring and rear planet row.
6. according to a kind of vehicle described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that: between described front pinion carrier and driving engine, be provided with torsional vibration damper.
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