CN104154705B - 一种合成氨废气分离装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种合成氨废气分离装置,包括依次连接并连通的脱碳吸附器、第一换热器、第二换热器、第三换热器、液氨精馏塔、液氨精馏塔冷凝器、甲烷精馏塔、甲烷精馏塔冷凝器、氩气精馏塔、氩气塔精馏塔冷凝器,所述脱碳吸附器上设有进气口、再生气进气口,所述液氨精馏塔上设有液氨出口,所述甲烷精馏塔上设有液态甲烷出口,所述氩气精馏塔上设有液氩出口、废气排出口,所述合成氨废气的分离装置还包括一端连接所述氩气精馏塔的氢气管道,氮气循环压缩机,氮气膨胀机组,与所述氮气循环压缩机的进口连接的氮气补气口。该回收利用装置能够从废气中提取纯度较高的液氨、液态甲烷、液氩、高纯氢气,大大提高了废气的回收利用率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种合成氨废气分离装置。
背景技术
在合成氨的生产过程中,会向外界排放废气,其中最主要的废气是合成塔中的放空气与氨罐驰放气,目前传统的处理方法主要有三种:一是将该废气分成两股,单独水洗,得到品质较低的氨水,然后将剩余废气烧掉;二是将氨罐弛放气中的压力能全部利用掉,产生一部分氨气,然后将剩余气体烧掉,同时将合成塔的放空气水洗得到品质较低的氨水,然后将剩余废气烧掉;三是将全部废气水洗,然后通过上一套变压吸附或膜分离,并将剩余的气体进行低温分离得到一部分的液化天然气。以上三种工艺的特点是设备复杂,不同的设备又来自于不同的厂家,缺乏统一设计的理念,做不到设备与设备之间的无缝对接,一旦一个设备出现故障,其下游设备全部无法运行;同时,合成氨废气中不仅含有氨、氢、甲烷,还含有高附加值的氩、氮等,以上传统工艺中,氢的提取率只有90%,不能提取氩,而氨的提取只能以氨水或氨气的形式产生,回收利用率很低。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种合成氨废气分离装置,包括依次连接并连通的脱碳吸附器、第一换热器、第二换热器、第三换热器、液氨精馏塔、液氨精馏塔冷凝器、甲烷精馏塔、甲烷精馏塔冷凝器、氩气精馏塔、氩气塔精馏塔冷凝器,所述脱碳吸附器上设有进气口、再生气进气口,所述液氨精馏塔上设有液氨出口,所述甲烷精馏塔上设有液态甲烷出口,所述氩气精馏塔上设有液氩出口、废气排出口,其特征在于:所述合成氨废气分离装置还包括一端连接所述氩气精馏塔的氢气管道,氮气循环压缩机,氮气膨胀机,与氮气压缩机进口连接的氮气补气口。
优选地,所述液氨精馏塔、液氨精馏塔冷凝器、甲烷精馏塔、甲烷精馏塔冷凝器、氩气精馏塔、氩气塔精馏塔冷凝器、氮气膨胀机和各个换热器置于同一个分馏塔中。
相较于现有技术,本发明能够一次性从合成氨废气内回收纯度较高的液氨、液态甲烷、液氩、高纯氢气,大大减少了浪费,使废气内尽可能多的气体成分得到二次利用,能够显著提高气体利用率,也具有很高的经济价值。
附图说明
附图1 为本发明合成氨废气分离装置的示意图。
附图中:
1- 进气口,2- 脱碳吸附器,3- 第一换热器,4- 第二换热器,5- 第三换热器,6- 液氨精馏塔,7- 液氨出口,8- 甲烷精馏塔,9- 液态甲烷出口,10- 甲烷精馏塔冷凝器,11- 氩气精馏塔,12- 液氩出口,13- 氩气精馏塔冷凝器,14- 氢气管道,15- 氮气膨胀机组,16- 液氨精馏塔冷凝器,17- 废气排出口,18- 氮气补气口,19- 氮气循环压缩机、20- 再生气进气口。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明合成氨废气分离装置的优选实施方式进行详细说明。
附图1 绘示了本发明合成氨废气分离装置的结构示意图。合成氨废气从进气口1进入装置,依次通过脱碳吸附器2、第一换热器3、液氨精馏塔6、液氨精馏塔冷凝器16、第二换热器4、第三换热器5、甲烷精馏塔8、甲烷精馏塔冷凝器10、氩气精馏塔11、氩气精馏塔冷凝器13,此时剩余的气体为氢气与其他气体的混合物,其中氢气通往氢气管道14 进行提纯,其余无毒无害的微量气体通过废气排出口17 排放掉;氮气通过氮气循环压缩机19 压缩后,再进入氮气膨胀机组15 增压端增压后依次通过第一换热器3、第二换热器4、氮气膨胀机组15 膨胀端、第三换热器5、第二换热器4、第一换热器3 后和氮气补气口18 汇合后进入氮气循环压缩机19 的进口。氮气进氮气膨胀机组15 膨胀端前抽出一部分进入第三换热器5 后送入甲烷精馏塔冷凝器10、氩气精馏塔冷凝器13、液氨精馏塔冷凝器16 提供冷量。再生气进气口20 为脱碳吸附器2 提供再生所需的气源。
下面对上述各装置进行具体描述。
合成氨废气通过脱碳吸附器2 的进口进入脱碳吸附筒,经过吸附剂吸附脱去二氧化碳等杂质后进入第一换热器。吸附剂经一段时间的吸附就要饱和后,合成氨废气通过一系列切换阀门切换到另一个吸附继续吸附,吸附饱和的吸附筒内的吸附剂需将吸附的物质解析出去,通过再生气进气口20 的再生氮气加热吸附剂以获得再生。
脱碳吸附器2的目的是将合成氨废气中的二氧化碳等杂志去除,其一般选用碱性或中性的干燥剂;第一换热器的目的是将合成氨废气进行第一次降温,使其中的部分氨液化,因此其出口温度一般控制在氨气在当前气压下的沸点附近;与第一换热器出口连接的是液氨精馏塔6,当合成氨废气进入液氨精馏塔6 内时,进行精馏并实现第二次降温,在液氨精馏塔6 的底部得到液氨,通过液氨出口7 排出并装罐,该液氨纯度较高,可以直接向市场出售。
在经过了液氨精馏塔6 提取液氨后,合成氨废气进入第二换热器进行第三次降温,由于氨的沸点远高于甲烷、氩的沸点,因此有必要在提取氨之后先将剩余气体的温度一并降至一个较低值,再逐个液化,而这一降温过程不产生任何液化气体产品。
合成氨废气回收的下一流程是依次通过甲烷精馏塔8、甲烷精馏塔冷凝器10 与氩气精馏塔11、氩气精馏塔冷凝器13,依次进行第四次与第五次降温,分别将气体温度降低至甲烷的沸点以下与氩的沸点以下,提取出纯度较高的液态甲烷与液氩,并分别从液态甲烷出口9 与液氩出口12 排出并装罐,同样,这两种液体产品也可以直接向市场出售。
氩气精馏塔11 上设有废气排出口17,作为优选实施例,除了废气排出口17 外,氩气精馏塔上还设有氢气出口14。合成氨废气在经过上述多次提取后,剩余气体的主要组成为氢气与其他气体,此时氢气可以通过氢气出口12 单独排出、收集或直接供给到其他需要氢气的工位上,实现了对废气的最大化利用,而剩余微量无毒无害的气体则可以通过废气排出口17,依次通过第三换热器5、第二换热器4、第一换热器3 后温度升至常温,排放到空气中。
本套装置所需的冷量由氮气提供。氮气经过氮气循环压缩机19 后将压力提高到30bar,进入氮气膨胀机组15 增压端继续增压到50bar 后进入换热器内冷却到所需膨胀前的温度,膨胀后通过换热器回收冷量与氮气补气口18 汇合后,进入氮气压缩机19 继续循环膨胀制冷。液氨精馏塔冷凝器16、甲烷精馏塔冷凝器10、氩气精馏塔冷凝器13 所需的冷源是由膨胀前抽出的氮气经第三换热器5 后液化为液氮提供的。气化后的氮气汇合至废气排出口17 排放。
相较于现有技术,本发明合成氨废气分离装置将现有技术中对合成氨废气分离提取的多个装置进行了整合,能够回收高纯度的液氨、液态甲烷、液氩、高纯氢气,减少了浪费,提高了效率,也创造了额外的经济价值。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围,凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种合成氨废气分离装置,包括依次连接并连通的脱碳吸附器(2)、第一换热器(3)、第二换热器(4)、第三换热器(5)、液氨精馏塔(6)、液氨精馏塔冷凝器(16)、甲烷精馏塔(8)、甲烷精馏塔冷凝器(10)、氩气精馏塔(11)、氩气塔精馏塔冷凝器(13),所述脱碳吸附器(2)上设有进气口(1)、再生气进气口(20),所述液氨精馏塔(6)上设有液氨出口(7),所述甲烷精馏塔(8)上设有液态甲烷出口(9),所述氩气精馏塔(11)上设有液氩出口(12)、废气排出口(17),其特征在于:所述合成氨废气分离装置还包括一端连接所述氩气精馏塔
(11)的氢气管道(14),氮气循环压缩机(19),氮气膨胀机组(15),与所述氮气循环压缩机(19)的进口连接的氮气补气口(18)。
2.根据权利要求1 所述的合成氨废气分离装置,其特征在于:所述液氨精馏塔(6)、甲烷精馏塔(8)、甲烷精馏塔冷凝器(10)、氩气精馏塔(11)、氩气塔精馏塔冷凝器(13)、氮气膨胀机组(15)和各个换热器置于同一个分馏塔中。
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