CN104153782B - Progressive caving mining method - Google Patents
Progressive caving mining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104153782B CN104153782B CN201410365727.XA CN201410365727A CN104153782B CN 104153782 B CN104153782 B CN 104153782B CN 201410365727 A CN201410365727 A CN 201410365727A CN 104153782 B CN104153782 B CN 104153782B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of progressive caving mining method, be vertically stage casing by ore body division, stage casing is divided into segmentation, and divide fore-set on top, stage casing, middle pars infrasegmentalis divides foundation; Inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is arranged in stage casing.First wing in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is substoping district, and be ladder-like arranged the substoping scope of operation from bottom to up, and retained broken ore; Second wing in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is rock stratum caved area, is coated with avalanche rock; The top in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is top-bottom pillar, is caving district at the top-bottom pillar position near second wing; The bottom in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is concentrating mining district.The first wing ore storage below the top-bottom pillar in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field and be the dead zone of barren rock between the second wing rock piton, most broken ore is released under the condition covered without rock.Along orebody trend success mining; Have the advantages that production capacity is large, the mining loss rate of dilution is low and mining cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal mine and gather field, especially, relate to a kind of metal mine underground progressive caving mining method.
Background technology
Metal mine underground mining often adopts caved stopes.Existing caved stopes mainly contains carries out stage caving stopping method based, sublevel caving, the scramming of forced caving, and the secondary concentrated stress of cutting cause by undercuting and ore are from the Block caving system flumping ore deposit.Except the lower and less application of efficiency of scramming, additive method is widely used at mineral industry, belong to the underground mining method of high efficiency, low cost and large scale mining, especially Block caving system has more advantage in production efficiency, cost of winning and exploitation scale.But existing caved stopes has a common feature, is exactly at ore drawing under caved rock, the ore that formation one is complex-shaped in ore drawing process and the contact surface of rock.Wherein stage caving stopping method based, have foundation sublevel caving in ore drawing process, form the lateral wall ore deposit rock contact surface of a top ore deposit rock contact surface substantially parallel with Bottom of Stope plane and one or more and adjacent stope; Block caving system formed in ore drawing process one with the ore deposit rock contact surface of Bottom of Stope Plane intersects; Bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method carries out end ore removal in Mining entrance, is the contact surface with rock except the end face of Mining entrance.Because the rock on the rock contact surface of ore deposit is constantly mixed in ore in ore drawing process, reduce the grade of ore, decrease extraction stock number, thus cause larger mining loss ratio and impoverishment rate in mining, waste resource in a large number, reduce the benefit of bargh; And stope scale and work cycle are restricted, constrain mining efficiency and mining scale.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of progressive caving mining method, constantly be mixed in ore in ore drawing process to solve caved stopes due to the rock on the rock contact surface of ore deposit, cause larger mining loss ratio and impoverishment rate in mining, a large amount of waste mineral resources, reduce the problem of the benefit of bargh; And significantly expand exploiting field scale, improve mining efficiency and mining capacity.The present invention, by the exploitation for the mineral deposit that ore body thickness is large, orebody trend length is long and ore deposit rock is firm, provides a kind of rock that reduces to cover and transfer yield ores amount and ore deposit rock contact surface, effectively mining loss ratio and impoverishment rate in mining, play avalanche mining efficiency and avalanche and to dig up mine the avalanche mining methods of the advantage of scale further.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of progressive caving mining method, be vertically at least two stage casings by ore body division, and divides fore-set on the top in stage casing, at the bottom division foundation in stage casing; The fore-set in this stage casing and the foundation in a upper stage casing form top-bottom pillar; Stage casing is vertically divided at least two segmentations, and be furnished with a segmentation fringedrift and at least one segmentation reef drift in each segment level respectively along orebody trend, segmentation reef drift is communicated with by segmentation connecting taxiway with segmentation fringedrift; In stage casing, arrange at least one exploiting field, the vertical section in exploiting field is lower narrow wide inverted trapezoidal, forms inverted trapezoidal exploiting field; First wing in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is substoping district, to be ladder-like arranged from bottom to up the substoping scope of operation, to have retained broken ore, formed the first wing ore storage in each segmentation; The bottom in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is concentrating mining district; The top in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is top-bottom pillar; Be caving district at the top-bottom pillar position of second wing near inverted trapezoidal exploiting field, by carrying out caving explosion in caving district, the avalanche rock on top-bottom pillar top is made to fall in concentrating mining district in company with the top-bottom pillar ore of avalanche the region closed on ore removal and terminate together, and avalanche rock is covered on the top-bottom pillar ore of avalanche, form the second wing rock piton; It is the dead zone of barren rock between top-bottom pillar, concentrating mining district, the first wing ore storage and the second wing rock piton; When concentrating mining district is at the end of ore removal is closed in the region of inverted trapezoidal exploiting field second wing, in caving district, caving explosion is carried out to top-bottom pillar; The top-bottom pillar ore under the covering of avalanche rock is released by concentrating mining district; Fall behind along with under the avalanche rock on top-bottom pillar top, the top country rock body of free breakage or forced caving top-bottom pillar; Inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is kept to advance continuously along orebody trend, not pillar continuous stoping ore body, progressive caving ore body surrounding rock body.
Further, the substoping scope of operation is positioned at the end of segmentation reef drift, in each segmentation reef drift, carry out stoping operation by the stoping space of setting, and stoping operation is implemented from the extremely lower striping order of upper segmentation or implements simultaneously.
Further, to fan shaped medium length hole on each substoping scope of operation Drilling, adopt tight-face blasting broken ore, after every separate explosion broken ore, carry out control ore removal in segment level; Remaining broken ore remains in exploiting field, and the major part in remaining broken ore is released under without the condition of overlying rock by concentrating mining district;
Further, Discrete control ore removal adopts underground scraper to carry out ore removal, controls the 10%-15% that yield is each broken ore amount.
Further, each line on substoping scope of operation base and the angle of horizontal plane are 35 °-55 °.
Further, the Caving System clitter remaining in first wing in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is not less than 20m along the thickness of orebody trend.
Further, each caving explosion is according to the caving district scope avalanche top-bottom pillar of setting, the height in the caving district of each setting adopts and top-bottom pillar height, and the caving district of each setting closes on ore removal end region and keeps basically identical along the length of orebody trend in the length and concentrating mining district of orebody trend.
Further, the caving district at every turn set vertically is divided at least Liang Gebao district, adopt medium-length hole or deep hole to carry out interval difference controlled blasting second from bottom to top.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The exploiting field of mining methods of the present invention advances continuously along orebody trend, not pillar, success mining; Except the top-bottom pillar ore of avalanche, broken ore most absolutely carries out ore removal under the condition not having rock to cover, and avoid the drawback that caved stopes carries out a large amount of ore removal under rock covers, mining loss ratio is low, the rate of dilution is low.Substoping district can form multiple stoping operation face, and concentrating mining district can arrange multiple ore locations, and production capacity of mining field is large, efficiency is high.Be specially adapted to the mineral deposit condition that ore body thickness is large, orebody trend length is long, ore deposit rock is firm.
Except object described above, feature and advantage, the present invention also has other object, feature and advantage.Below with reference to figure, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The accompanying drawing forming a application's part is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the vertical section schematic diagram of the progressive caving mining codes scheme of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the horizontal profile schematic diagram of the progressive caving mining codes scheme of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the horizontal section schematic diagram of the progressive caving mining codes scheme of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Marginal data:
1, the first segmentation; 2, the second segmentation; 3, the 3rd segmentation; 4, the 4th segmentation; A1, the first substoping scope of operation; A2, the second substoping scope of operation; A3, the 3rd substoping scope of operation; A4, the 4th substoping scope of operation; 51, this stage casing foundation; 52, this stage casing fore-set; 53, upper stage casing foundation; 6, ore; 7, rock; 8, dead zone; 9, rock; B, caving district; C, concentrating mining district.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described in detail, but the present invention can by the multitude of different ways that limits and cover implement.
Fig. 1 is the vertical section schematic diagram of the progressive caving mining codes scheme of the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is the horizontal profile schematic diagram of the progressive caving mining codes scheme of the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3 is the horizontal section schematic diagram of the progressive caving mining codes scheme of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the progressive caving mining method of the present embodiment, along ore body vertical direction by certain altitude using ore body division become have move towards total length ore deposit section as stage casing, ore deposit, stage casing section is vertically divided into four horizontal ore deposits section (segmentation), four horizontal ore deposit sections are respectively the first segmentation 1, second segmentation 2, the 3rd segmentation 3, the 4th segmentation 4, divide this stage casing fore-set 52 on the top in this stage casing, divide this stage casing foundation 51 in the bottom in this stage casing; Be furnished with a segmentation fringedrift and at least one segmentation reef drift in each segment level respectively along orebody trend, segmentation reef drift is communicated with by segmentation connecting taxiway with segmentation fringedrift.In stage casing, arrange at least one exploiting field, the vertical section in exploiting field is lower narrow wide inverted trapezoidal.First wing in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is substoping district, in the first segmentation 1, second segmentation 2, the 3rd segmentation 3, the 4th segmentation 4, be respectively arranged with the first substoping scope of operation A1, the second substoping scope of operation A2, the 3rd substoping scope of operation A3, the 4th substoping scope of operation A4 that are ladder-like arranged from bottom to up, and retain broken ore 6.Second wing in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is country rock body caved area, is coated with avalanche rock 7.The top in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is the top-bottom pillar be made up of this stage casing fore-set 52 and upper stage casing foundation 53, is caving district B at the top-bottom pillar position near second wing.The bottom in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is concentrating mining district C.The first wing ore storage 6 below the fore-set 52 in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field and be the dead zone 8 of barren rock between the second wing rock piton 7.To fan shaped medium length hole on each substoping scope of operation Drilling, adopt tight-face blasting broken ore, after every separate explosion broken ore, carry out control ore removal in segment level.Remaining broken ore 6 remains in exploiting field, and major part is wherein released under the condition covered without rock 7 by concentrating mining district C.When concentrating mining district C is at the end of ore removal is closed in the region of inverted trapezoidal exploiting field second wing, the top-bottom pillar in caving explosion avalanche setting range is carried out at caving district B, the part avalanche rock 9 on stage casing foundation 53 top is fallen into together in company with the top-bottom pillar ore of avalanche and closes on ore removal end zone, form the rock 7 on the top-bottom pillar ore covering avalanche.The described top-bottom pillar ore under rock 7 covering is released by concentrating mining district C.Fall behind along with under the part avalanche rock on top-bottom pillar top, free breakage or forced caving top country rock body, supplement avalanche rock 9.Inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is kept to advance continuously along orebody trend, not pillar continuous stoping ore body, progressive caving ore body surrounding rock body.
In an embodiment, stage casing vertically by certain altitude ore body division is had the ore deposit section moving towards total length, and segmentation is the horizontal ore deposit section vertically marked off in stage casing.Fig. 2 is I in Fig. 1-I cross-sectional view; Fig. 3 is II in Fig. 1-II cross-sectional view.
In the present embodiment, each substoping scope of operation, first substoping scope of operation A1, the second substoping scope of operation A2, the 3rd substoping scope of operation A3, the 4th substoping scope of operation A4 are positioned at the end of segmentation reef drift, in each segmentation reef drift, carry out stoping operation by the stoping space of setting, and the stoping operation of each segmentation is implemented or implements simultaneously to lower point of order from upper segmentation.
In the present embodiment, Discrete control ore removal adopts underground scraper to carry out ore removal, controls the 10%-15% that yield is each broken ore amount.
In the present embodiment, each line on substoping scope of operation base and the angle of horizontal plane are 35 °-55 °.
In the present embodiment, the Caving System clitter 6 remaining in first wing in inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is not less than 20m along the thickness of orebody trend.
In the present embodiment, this stage casing fore-set 52 and upper stage casing foundation 53 form top-bottom pillar, each caving explosion is according to the scope avalanche top-bottom pillar of the caving district B of setting, the height of the caving district B of each setting is top-bottom pillar height, and the caving district B of each setting closes on ore removal end region and keeps basically identical along the length of orebody trend in the length and concentrating mining district C of orebody trend.
In the present embodiment, the caving district B at every turn set vertically is divided at least Liang Gebao district, adopt medium-length hole or deep hole to carry out interval difference controlled blasting second from bottom to top.
Avalanche mining methods of the present invention are along orebody trend continuous stoping, not pillar, and recovery rate is high.Except the top-bottom pillar ore of avalanche, broken ore most absolutely carries out ore removal under the condition not having rock 7 to cover, and avoid the drawback that caved stopes carries out a large amount of ore removal under rock covers, impoverishment rate in mining is low.Substoping district arranges the operation simultaneously of multiple stoping operation face, and arrange multiple ore locations and carry out concentrating mining, exploiting field production capacity is large, efficiency is high.Mining methods of the present invention are applicable to the mineral deposit condition that ore body thickness is large, orebody trend length is long, ore deposit rock is firm.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a progressive caving mining method, is characterized in that:
Be vertically at least two stage casings by ore body division, and divide fore-set on the top in described stage casing, divide foundation in the bottom in described stage casing; The fore-set in this stage casing and the foundation in a upper stage casing form top-bottom pillar; Described stage casing is vertically divided at least two segmentations, be furnished with a segmentation fringedrift and at least one segmentation reef drift in each segment level respectively along orebody trend, described segmentation reef drift is communicated with by segmentation connecting taxiway with described segmentation fringedrift;
In described stage casing, arrange at least one exploiting field, the vertical section in described exploiting field is lower narrow wide inverted trapezoidal, forms inverted trapezoidal exploiting field; First wing in described inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is substoping district, to be ladder-like arranged from bottom to up the substoping scope of operation, to have retained broken ore, formed the first wing ore storage in each segmentation; The bottom in described inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is concentrating mining district; The top in described inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is top-bottom pillar; Be caving district at the top-bottom pillar position of second wing near described inverted trapezoidal exploiting field, by carrying out caving explosion in caving district, the avalanche rock on described top-bottom pillar top is made to fall in described concentrating mining district in company with the top-bottom pillar ore of avalanche the region closed on ore removal and terminate together, and described avalanche rock is covered on the described top-bottom pillar ore of avalanche, form the second wing rock piton; It is the dead zone of barren rock between described top-bottom pillar, described concentrating mining district, described first wing ore storage and described second wing rock piton;
When described concentrating mining district is at the end of ore removal is closed in the region of inverted trapezoidal exploiting field second wing, in described caving district, caving explosion is carried out to described top-bottom pillar; The described top-bottom pillar ore under the covering of described avalanche rock is released by described concentrating mining district; Fall behind along with under the avalanche rock on described top-bottom pillar top, the country rock body on top-bottom pillar top described in free breakage or forced caving;
Inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is kept to advance continuously along orebody trend, not pillar continuous stoping ore body, progressive caving ore body surrounding rock body.
2. progressive caving mining method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described substoping scope of operation is positioned at the end of described segmentation reef drift, in each segmentation reef drift, carry out stoping operation by the stoping space of setting, and stoping operation is implemented or implements simultaneously from the extremely lower striping order of upper segmentation.
3. progressive caving mining method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, to fan shaped medium length hole on each described substoping scope of operation Drilling, adopts tight-face blasting broken ore, carries out control ore removal after every separate explosion broken ore in segment level; Remaining broken ore remains in described exploiting field, and the major part in remaining broken ore is released under the condition covered without rock by described concentrating mining district.
4. the progressive caving mining method according to any one in claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, Discrete control ore removal adopts underground scraper to carry out ore removal, controls the 10%-15% that yield is each broken ore amount.
5. the progressive caving mining method according to any one in claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, each described line on substoping scope of operation base and the angle of horizontal plane are 35 °-55 °.
6. progressive caving mining method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the Caving System clitter remaining in first wing in described inverted trapezoidal exploiting field in described inverted trapezoidal exploiting field is not less than 20m along the thickness of orebody trend.
7. progressive caving mining method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, each caving explosion is according to the caving district scope avalanche top-bottom pillar of setting, the height in the described caving district of each setting is described top-bottom pillar height, and the caving district of each setting closes on ore removal end region and keeps basically identical along the length of orebody trend in the length and described concentrating mining district of orebody trend.
8. progressive caving mining method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the described caving district at every turn set vertically is divided at least Liang Gebao district, adopts medium-length hole or deep hole to carry out interval difference controlled blasting second from bottom to top.
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| CN106815457A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-06-09 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | A kind of collapsing property of rock stage division and system |
| CN106089209B (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2019-01-04 | 广西大学 | Flexible isolating layer serves as the sublevel caving collaboration mining methods on false top |
| CN108999611A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-14 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | It continuously undercuts propulsion method to angie type |
| CN109667585B (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2020-08-18 | 中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院有限公司 | Mining method for steeply inclined rock broken vanadium ore by combined mining of machine and gun |
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| RU2107164C1 (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1998-03-20 | Иркутский политехнический институт | Method for development of deep placer deposits |
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| CN101956556A (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2011-01-26 | 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 | Roof and bottom pillar-free stage upward continuous filling and mining method |
| CN102182461A (en) * | 2011-04-02 | 2011-09-14 | 山东黄金矿业（玲珑）有限公司 | Efficient mining method for thick metal ore body in slanting |
| CN103711488A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-04-09 | 中国新型建材设计研究院 | Traction mining method for preventing and disposing leakages or cavities |
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2014
- 2014-07-29 CN CN201410365727.XA patent/CN104153782B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2107164C1 (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1998-03-20 | Иркутский политехнический институт | Method for development of deep placer deposits |
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| CN101881169A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2010-11-10 | 东北大学 | Sublevel shrinkage caving stage open stope afterwards filling mining method |
| CN101871347A (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2010-10-27 | 中南大学 | Mining environment reconstruction layering and striping medium-length hole ore removal mining method |
| CN102182461A (en) * | 2011-04-02 | 2011-09-14 | 山东黄金矿业（玲珑）有限公司 | Efficient mining method for thick metal ore body in slanting |
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