CN104148064A - Preparation method of loading type bimetallic catalyst with highly-dispersing active center - Google Patents
Preparation method of loading type bimetallic catalyst with highly-dispersing active center Download PDFInfo
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- CN104148064A CN104148064A CN201410277124.4A CN201410277124A CN104148064A CN 104148064 A CN104148064 A CN 104148064A CN 201410277124 A CN201410277124 A CN 201410277124A CN 104148064 A CN104148064 A CN 104148064A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a loading type bimetallic catalyst with a highly-dispersing active center and belongs to the technical field of active center structure control of the loading type catalyst. In the catalyst, the active center is loaded on aluminium oxide modified in situ by hydrotalcite, and a trivalent additive metal is introduced into a hydrotalcite layer plate by utilizing the adjustable characteristic of metal cations of the hydrotalcite layer plate. When the hydrotalcite layer plate is topologically transformed into the layered bimetallic oxide in the process of roasting reduction, due to the confinement action of lattices of the hydrotalcite layer plate, the additive metal embedded into the hydrotalcite layer plate is controlled to grow in the process of roasting reduction. The control for the dispersing state of the active center of the metal is realized by the lattice induction action of the platinum at the active center of the metal on the layer plate by the hydrotalcite layer plate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of control load type catalyst active center structure, a kind of loaded catalyst metal center and the homodisperse control method of promoter metal are particularly provided.
Background technology
In the process of modern social development, oil becomes one of most important energy in our life.Along with social development, people are increasing to the demand of the energy, and reserves is declining year by year, and " the efficient utilizations of petroleum resources " just become the problem of the most critical that the whole mankind faces.Gasoline, as a kind of important oil product, is accounting for more and more especially very important position in the modern life.Protection for environment also becomes another key issue that in social development process, the whole mankind is concerned about; along with more and more higher to environmental requirement; vapour oil composition has also been proposed to more and more higher requirement, reduced aromatic hydrocarbons, olefin(e) centent in gasoline, improved branched paraffin content and improve.
In naphtha reforming process, can there is the reactions such as hydrogenolysis, cracking, isomerization, aromatisation, also likely carbon distribution occur, sintering causes catalysqt deactivation.Want to obtain the high octane gasoline component of low arene content in naphtha reforming process.People need a kind of such catalyst, and low hydrogenolysis, cracking, aromatisation are selective, and high isomerization is selective, and good stability.Namely need to reduce many Pt activated centre content that hydrogenolysis occurs, reduce the highly acid position that cracking reaction occurs.Isomerization and aromatization are all the center dehydrogenations of the present metal active of direct-connected alkane, form unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, then at acidic site generation cytoskeleton rearrangement, subsequently again at metal center hydrogenation.
From 1949, start people and use metal-sour bifunctional catalyst Pt/Al
2o
3-Cl completes this reaction.In order to pursue the longer operating time, nineteen sixty-eight people have been developed again Pt-Re/Al
2o
3catalyst, and successfully reduced the carbon deposition rate of operating pressure and catalyst, but due to the hydrogenolysis hyperactivity of Re, catalyst needs presulfurization before use.Hydrogenolysis need to complete on many Pt activated centre, in the process of presulfurization Re formed non-activity-Pt-ReS-Pt-species.In order to pursue higher selective and stability, people continue again other bimetallic catalysts (Ga, Sn, In etc.) of development.Forefathers' work is mainly by the adding of promoter metal, and affects both ways active sites, i.e. geometry and electronic mechanism.In promoter metal, a part may cover the surface of Pt, interrupts the adjacent atom of Pt, reduces many Pt activated centre content, thereby it is selective to reduce hydrogenolysis; Some and Pt form alloy again, thereby the electronic structure that changes Pt is realized the lifting to catalyst effect; Last some promoter metal and carrier interact and form the oxide of more difficult reduction, and then affect activated centre electronic mechanism, improve catalytic effect, and improve stability.
Forefathers are in the design of reforming catalyst, and based on making used additives change activated centre dispersity, promoter metal covers surface, activated centre and interrupts continuously arranged Pt atom, reduces the content in many Pt activated centre substantially.But Pt capped when doing so just can not participate in reaction, caused activated centre amount effectively to reduce.At present, having done a large amount of research aspect the decentralization of raising metal active center, mainly contain following several approach: (1) is used chemical vapour deposition technique, but this method operating difficulties is especially difficult in industrial processes realizing.(2) ion-exchange, exchanges by homodisperse exchangeable ion on carrier and activated centre ion, then burns by quilt the catalyst that reduction obtains activated centre high degree of dispersion.(3) sol-gal process, is wrapped in metal active center in the micella that surfactant forms, and the restriction by micella makes the catalyst active center's high degree of dispersion obtaining through roasting reduction.(4) coprecipitation, synthesizes activated centre in carrier by the method for co-precipitation, in the process of roasting reduction, due to the restriction of carrier to activated centre, realizes the high dispersive in activated centre.(5) optimize dipping method, comprise and control synthesis condition (immersion condition, crystallization time, reducing condition), additional supplementary mode (ultrasonic, microwave) and control slaine and drink kind of carrier.
So we are a kind of like this catalyst of design now, can be by controlling the dispersity in the interaction control activated centre between carrier and activated centre.By at γ-Al
2o
3finishing hydrotalcite, promoter metal is incorporated into hydrotalcite laminate simultaneously, realize by the dispersion of the net trap effect control promoter metal of hydrotalcite laminate, and the dispersity of controlling external source activated centre Pt by the lattice confinement of hydrotalcite laminate, realize better catalytic effect.
Hydrotalcite-based compound comprises hydrotalcite material and houghite material, and because its main body generally consists of the hydroxide of two kinds of metals, layered di-hydroxyl composite metal oxidate (Layered Double Hydroxide, is abbreviated as LDH) is therefore otherwise known as.Because LDH interlayer all contains anion, so the intercalation compound of the LDH intercalated houghite that is otherwise known as.Hydrotalcite, houghite and intercalated houghite are referred to as hydrotalcite intercalation material (LDHs)
In recent years, hydrotalcite is widely applied to catalytic field with its unique design feature, and we utilize and enter divalent metal hydroxide to entering the high-valency metal confinement effect of its lattice, limit the dispersion of high-valency metal in the process of roasting reduction.And the dispersion in the lattice Induction Control external source activated centre by hydrotalcite laminate.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide the preparation method of a kind of control load type bimetallic catalyst activated centre high degree of dispersion and promoter metal high degree of dispersion, realizes the control to metal active center decentralization.
Catalyst in the present invention, for comprising PtM bimetallic catalyst, adopts the alundum (Al2O3) of hydrotalcite in-situ modification as carrier.Utilize the adjustable characteristic of hydrotalcite laminate metal cation, promoter metal is introduced to hydrotalcite laminate.Hydrotalcite laminate is when in the process of roasting reduction, topology changes layered bi-metal oxide into, due to the lattice confinement effect of talcum laminate, control to embed the growth in the process of roasting reduction of promoter metal in hydrotalcite laminate.And by the lattice inducing action of hydrotalcite laminate to the metal active center platinum on laminate, realize the control to metal active center dispersity.
Hydrotalcite precursor of the present invention is [M
1-x 2+m
x b+(OH)
2] A
nmH
2o, wherein, M
2+be divalent metal, be preferably Mg
2+, Zn
2+, Ni
2+, Mn
2+, Cu
2+, Co
2+, Cd
2+, Ca
2+, Li
2+, Fe
2+, Pt
2+, Pd
2+deng in one or more, M
b+be high valent cationic (trivalent, tetravalent metal cation), generally all contain Al
3+, while M
b+can also comprise trivalent or and tetravalent metal cation in one or more, the preferred In of trivalent metal
3+, Fe
3+, Ga
3+, Cr
3+, Cr
3+, Co
3+, V
3+, Rh
3+, Ir
3+, Ru
3+, Sc
3+, La
3+, Mn
3+deng, the preferred Sn of tetravalent metal
4+, Zr
4+, Ti
4+deng.M represents the quantity of the crystallization water, 0.1≤m≤0.8; 0.2≤x≤0.33.Subscript x refers to metallic element M
b+relative amount change, preferably: 0.2≤x≤0.33, A
nrepresent the tradable anion of interlayer, for electronic equilibrium.Hydrotalcite laminate has shepardite Mg (OH)
2type regular octahedron structure, can regard bivalent cation in class shepardite laminate as is partly replaced by the high-valence cationic isomorphous, thereby form the compound octahedra hydroxide that bivalent cation and high-valence cationic are positioned at center, these octahedrons pass through limit. and limit shares OH group covalency and is connected to form layer, layer is with interlayer to top stack, and interlayer associates with hydrogen bond network.M wherein
b+with atom level, be dispersed in hydrotalcite laminate.
The preparation method of the reforming catalyst in the present invention is as follows:
(1) hydrotalcite is modified alundum (Al2O3)
Divalent metal salt, high valent cationic, promoter metal salt and precipitating reagent (preferably ammoniacal liquor, urea or six tetramethyl tetramines etc.) are dissolved in deionized water, form solution A; By Al
2o
3particle immerses in solution A, transfer in autoclave, in 80 ?160 ℃ of crystallization 2 ?24h; Wherein the mol ratio of divalent metal salt, high valent cationic, promoter metal, precipitating reagent and alundum (Al2O3) is (50 ?150): (0 ?150): (1 ?100): (500 ?1500): (500 ?1500).After reaction finishes, by reaction solution suction filtration, wash to eluent and be neutral, the alundum (Al2O3) that the hydrotalcite obtaining is modified in 80 ?160 ℃ dry 2 ?24h.The Al of high valent cationic
3+ be Al
2o
3stripping;
Promoter metal ion is preferably Ga
3+, In
3+, Fe
3+, Cr
3+, Sn
4+, Zr
4+, Ti
4+deng.
(2) Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst precursor
The complex of platinum salt or platinum is dissolved in a certain amount of deionized water or in other solvents, forms solution B, the alundum (Al2O3) that the hydrotalcite obtaining in step (1) is modified immerses in solution B, standing 2 ?24h, subsequently in 80 ?160 ℃ dry 2 ?24h.The mol ratio of the alundum (Al2O3) that wherein complex of platinum salt or platinum and hydrotalcite are modified is (1 ?10): (100 ?1000).
(3) preparation of catalyst
Catalyst precarsor prepared by step (2) in air atmosphere with 1 ?the heating rate of 20 ℃/min rise to 300 ?1000 ℃, roasting 2 ?24h, wherein flow velocity 10 ?100mlmin
?1g
cal ?1, subsequently with 300 ?at 1000 ℃ at H
2in atmosphere, reduce 2 ?24h, wherein flow velocity be 10 ?100mlmin
?1g
cal ?1.
(4) evaluating catalyst
The catalyst that step (3) is obtained is applied to the reaction that normal heptane is reformed.Reaction condition be 300 ?600 ℃, H
2flow velocity be 20 ?200mlmin
?1g
cal ?1, the flow velocity of normal heptane be 20 ?200mlmin
?1g
cal ?1.
Remarkable advantage of the present invention is that promoter metal enters between hydrotalcite laminate in preparation process, be limited in the lattice of hydrotalcite laminate, realized uniform dispersion, activated centre platinum does not enter the lattice induction that laminate is still subject to hydrotalcite laminate, has realized the dispersion of height.In naphtha reforming reaction, can access high isomery selective, and reduction aromatisation is selective and crackate is selective.And, the catalyst in the present invention be multilevel hierarchy catalyst (hydrotalcite structure loads on alundum (Al2O3) surface, after calcining reduction PtM bimetallic and hydrotalcite calcined oxide thing also uniform load on alundum (Al2O3) surface), be easier to commercial Application.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Embodiment 1
Zinc sulfate, gallium nitrate, six tetramethyl tetramines are dissolved in deionized water, form solution A.Alundum (Al2O3) is immersed in solution A, transfer in autoclave, with 130 ℃ of crystallization 6h.Wherein the mol ratio of zinc sulfate, gallium nitrate, six tetramethyl tetramines and alundum (Al2O3) is 150:8:800.After reaction finishes, by reaction solution suction filtration, wash to eluent and be neutral, the alundum (Al2O3) that the hydrotalcite obtaining is modified is in 80 ℃ of dry 12h.The high-valency metal that hydrotalcite laminate needs is supplemented by the aluminium of alundum (Al2O3) stripping in course of reaction.
Step B: acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum is dissolved in a certain amount of deionized water or in other solvents, forms solution B, and the alundum (Al2O3) that the hydrotalcite obtaining in step (1) is modified immerses in solution B, and standing 12h, subsequently in 80 ℃ of dry 12h.The mol ratio of the alundum (Al2O3) that wherein acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum and hydrotalcite are modified is 2:1000.
Step C:
Catalyst precarsor prepared by step (2) heating rate with 5 ℃/min in air atmosphere rises to 550 ℃, roasting 4h, wherein flow velocity 24mlmin
?1g
cal ?1, subsequently with 500 ℃ at H
2in atmosphere, reduce 4h, wherein flow velocity is 18mlmin
?1g
cal ?1.
Prepare Pt/ZnAlGa ?LDO/Al
2o
3catalyst.
Embodiment 2
Nickel nitrate, indium nitrate, ammoniacal liquor are dissolved in deionized water, form solution A.Alundum (Al2O3) is immersed in solution A, transfer in autoclave, with 160 ℃ of crystallization 2h.Wherein the mol ratio of nickel nitrate, indium nitrate, six tetramethyl tetramines and alundum (Al2O3) is 50:5:50:1500.After reaction finishes, by reaction solution suction filtration, wash to eluent and be neutral, the alundum (Al2O3) that the hydrotalcite obtaining is modified is in 80 ℃ of dry 12h.The high-valency metal that hydrotalcite laminate needs is supplemented by the aluminium of alundum (Al2O3) stripping in course of reaction.
Step B: platinic sodium chloride is dissolved in a certain amount of deionized water or in other solvents, forms solution B, and the alundum (Al2O3) that the hydrotalcite obtaining in step (1) is modified immerses in solution B, and standing 12h, subsequently in 80 ℃ of dry 12h.The mol ratio of the alundum (Al2O3) that wherein platinic sodium chloride and hydrotalcite are modified is 2:1000.
Step C:
Catalyst precarsor prepared by step (2) heating rate with 5 ℃/min in air atmosphere rises to 550 ℃, roasting 4h, wherein flow velocity 24mlmin
?1g
cal ?1, subsequently with 500 ℃ at H
2in atmosphere, reduce 4h, wherein flow velocity is 18mlmin
?1g
cal ?1.
Prepare Pt/NiAlIn ?LDO/Al
2o
3catalyst.
Embodiment 3
Steps A: by magnesium nitrate and urea
Magnesium nitrate, gallium nitrate, urea are dissolved in deionized water, form solution A.Alundum (Al2O3) is immersed in solution A, transfer in autoclave, with 80 ℃ of crystallization 12h.Wherein the mol ratio of magnesium nitrate, gallium nitrate, urea and alundum (Al2O3) is 30:1:200:100.After reaction finishes, by reaction solution suction filtration, wash to eluent and be neutral, the alundum (Al2O3) that the hydrotalcite obtaining is modified is in 80 ℃ of dry 12h.The high-valency metal that hydrotalcite laminate needs is supplemented by the aluminium of alundum (Al2O3) stripping in course of reaction.
Step B: six amino platinum nitrates are dissolved in a certain amount of deionized water or in other solvents, forms solution B, the Al that the hydrotalcite obtaining in step (1) is modified
2o
3immerse in solution B, standing 12h, subsequently in 80 ℃ of dry 12h.The mol ratio of the alundum (Al2O3) that wherein six amino platinum nitrates, gallium nitrate and hydrotalcite are modified is 3:1000.
Step C:
Catalyst precarsor prepared by step (2) heating rate with 5 ℃/min in air atmosphere rises to 550 ℃, roasting 4h, wherein flow velocity 24mlmin
?1g
cal ?1, subsequently with 500 ℃ at H
2in atmosphere, reduce 4h, wherein flow velocity is 18mlmin
?1g
cal ?1.
Prepare Pt/MgAlGa ?LDO/Al
2o
3catalyst.
Embodiment 4
By the sample obtaining in the steps A of embodiment 1,2,3 carry out X ?ray analysis of crystal structure, can observe at 2 θ is 11.90 °, 23.82 ° and 61.24 ° of vicinity, occurs respectively (003), the characteristic diffraction peak of (006) and (110) crystal face corresponding to hydrotalcite.In proof sample, there is the thing phase of hydrotalcite structure.And from the photo of ESEM, also can observe the hydrotalcite of hexagonal flake, be grown in uniformly Al
2o
3surface.So can show the Al that is grown in of hydrotalcite laminate original position
2o
3surface.
Use hydroxide titration to determine the decentralization in activated centre in the catalyst obtaining in the step C of embodiment 1,2,3, record the activated centre decentralization in catalyst, and by calculating average grain diameter.As shown in the table
Embodiment 5
The catalyst that step (C) is obtained is applied to the reaction that normal heptane is reformed.Reaction condition is 500 ℃, H
2flow velocity is 48mlmin
?1g
cal ?1, the flow velocity of normal heptane is 50mlmin
?1g
cal ?1.
Reach balance afterwards selectively as shown in the table.
Claims (7)
1. the method for a control load type metallic catalyst activated centre high degree of dispersion, it is characterized in that, bimetallic catalyst for platinum and promoter metal, adopt the alundum (Al2O3) of hydrotalcite in-situ modification as carrier, utilize the adjustable characteristic of hydrotalcite laminate metal cation, promoter metal is introduced to hydrotalcite laminate, hydrotalcite laminate topology in the process of roasting reduction changes layered bi-metal oxide into, the growth of promoter metal in control embedding hydrotalcite laminate in the process of roasting reduction, and by the lattice inducing action of hydrotalcite laminate to the metal active center platinum on laminate, the control of realization to metal active center dispersity.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) hydrotalcite is modified alundum (Al2O3)
Divalent metal salt, high valent cationic, promoter metal salt and precipitating reagent are dissolved in deionized water, form solution A; By Al
2o
3particle immerses in solution A, transfers in autoclave, in 80-160 ℃ of crystallization 2-24h; Wherein the mol ratio of divalent metal salt, high valent cationic, promoter metal salt, precipitating reagent and alundum (Al2O3) is (50-150): (0-150): (1-100): (500-1500): (500-1500); After reaction finishes, by reaction solution suction filtration, wash to eluent and be neutral, the alundum (Al2O3) that the hydrotalcite obtaining is modified is in 80-160 ℃ of dry 2-24h;
(2) Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst precursor
The complex of platinum salt or platinum is dissolved in deionized water or in other solvents, forms solution B, the alundum (Al2O3) that the hydrotalcite obtaining in step (1) is modified immerses in solution B, and standing 2-24h, subsequently in 80-160 ℃ of dry 2-24h; The mol ratio of the alundum (Al2O3) that wherein complex of platinum salt or platinum and hydrotalcite are modified is (1-10): (100-1000);
(3) preparation of catalyst
Catalyst precarsor prepared by step (2) rises to 300-1000 ℃ with the heating rate of 2-20 ℃/min in air atmosphere, roasting 2-24h, wherein air velocity 10-100mlmin
-1g
cal -1, subsequently at 300-1000 ℃ at H
2reductase 12-24h in atmosphere, wherein H
2flow velocity is 10-100mlmin
-1g
cal -1.
3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that hydrotalcite precursor [M
1-x 2+m
x b+(OH)
2] A
nmH
2o, wherein, M
2+be divalent metal, be preferably Mg
2+, Zn
2+, Ni
2+, Mn
2+, Cu
2+, Co
2+, Cd
2+, Ca
2+, Li
2+, Fe
2+, Pt
2+, Pd
2+in one or more, M
b+be high valent cationic, all contain Al
3+, or M
b+also comprise trivalent or and tetravalent metal cation in one or more; M represents the quantity of the crystallization water, 0.1≤m≤0.8; Subscript x refers to metallic element M
b+relative amount change, 0.2≤x≤0.33, A
nrepresent the tradable anion of interlayer.
4. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that, precipitating reagent is preferably ammoniacal liquor, urea or six tetramethyl tetramines, and promoter metal ion is preferably Ga
3+, In
3+, Fe
3+, Cr
3+, Sn
4+, Zr
4+, Ti
4+.
5. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that the preferred In of trivalent metal
3+, Fe
3+, Ga
3+, Cr
3+, Cr
3+, Co
3+, V
3+, Rh
3+, Ir
3+, Ru
3+, Sc
3+, La
3+, Mn
3+, the preferred Sn of tetravalent metal
4+, Zr
4+, Ti
4+.
6. the catalyst preparing according to the either method of claim 1-4.
7. the catalyst preparing according to the either method of claim 1-4 is applied to the reaction that normal heptane is reformed.
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