CN104143179B - Method for enhancing moving target through multi-linear-array time difference scanning expansion sampling - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for enhancing a moving target through multi-linear-array time difference scanning expansion sampling. The method includes the steps that (1) a multi-linear-array time difference scanning expansion sampling detection device is constructed, and Nt detection arrays in each linear array detector in the multi-linear-array time difference scanning expansion sampling detection device are made to conduct imaging at the same time to obtain Nt groups of image data; (2) the Nt groups of image data of each linear array detector are processed to form a frame detection image; (3) after the preset sampling frequency is completed in the scanning direction, the frame detection images obtained by the linear array detectors correspondingly are spliced according to time to obtain two sub-pixel images; (4) non-uniformity correction is conducted on the two sub-pixel images respectively; (5) the sub-pixel image corresponding to the linear array detector which conducts imaging firstly is used as a standard, the sub-pixel image corresponding to the linear array detector which conducts imaging later is moved forwards in the scanning direction; (6) after the two sub-pixel images are matched, difference calculation is conducted to obtain a residual image; (7) enhancement processing is conducted on the residual image after filtering is conducted on the residual image.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to image processing field, is related to a kind of moving target enhancing side of many alignment moveout scan extension samplings
Method.
Background technology
The research of small dim moving target Detection Techniques under complex background has important application in civilian, space flight and military affairs.Light
Learn target detection system typically carries out detection imaging using single detector, and because image-forming range is remote, target is equivalent to one
Point source signal, lacks enough texture information and shape information in detection image.Simultaneously as the shadow of complex background clutter
Ring, the target signal to noise ratio in image is very low, this considerably increases the difficulty of dim targets detection.To improve target acquisition performance,
Need to carry out detection image targets improvement process, improve target signal to noise ratio.Conventional targets improvement method has based on rectangular histogram
In a balanced way method, based on the method for partial statistics, based on filtering method, the method based on small echo, based on morphologic method
Deng, according to target and the imaging characteristic difference of background, image is divided into into target and the class of background two, background suppression is carried out, so as to reality
Existing targets improvement.Traditional method is the image obtained based on detector, is carried out using signal analysis, image procossing mode
Targets improvement, without the movable information using target, therefore targets improvement effect has certain limitation.
The content of the invention
The present invention technology solve problem be：Overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, propose a kind of many alignment moveout scan extensions
The moving target enhancement techniques of sampling, suppress complex background clutter, improve the signal to noise ratio of target imaging detection image, realize motion
Echo signal strengthens.
The present invention technical solution be：A kind of moving target Enhancement Method of many alignment moveout scan extension samplings,
Step is as follows：
(1) many alignment moveout scan detection devices are constructed, the device includes the detection of optical system, sweep mechanism and many alignments
Device；Described sweep mechanism includes pendulum mirror and its drive shaft；The angular scanning speed of the sweep mechanism isApart from d between two of which detector array, target minimum movement speed v of detectionmin, optical system
Focal length f, the ground sampled distance GSD of detector array；Described many detector array be two detector array, detector array
Using NtIndividual detection array composition, the corresponding instantaneous field of view of pixel is IFOV, and two neighboring detection array is arranged in parallel, vertical
Scanning direction is staggered successively 1/NtIndividual pixel, and arrange detection array in scanning direction, sample in a sampling length StIt is secondary；
The sampling length is the corresponding instantaneous field of view of pixel；Described NtMore than or equal to 2；The StSpan is St≥2；
(2) scene in visual field is imaged in focal plane by optical system and sweep mechanism together, and drive shaft drives pendulum mirror rotation
Turn, the scene imaging in linear field with tandem two detector array on certain inswept focal plane of speed, two
Detector array is successively imaged to same position scene in visual field, imaging time intervalWherein ω is scanner unit
The angular scanning speed of structure, d is distance between two neighboring detector array, and f is optical system focal length；Each detector array is adopted
It is imaged with extension sample mode, i.e. N in each detector arraytIndividual detection array is imaged simultaneously, obtains NtGroup picture number
According to；Proceed to step (3) immediately afterwards；Simultaneously, each detector array is corresponding according to sampling number is arranged in step (1)
Sampling interval is scanned imaging in scanning direction, and imaging every time respectively obtains NtGroup view data, obtains turning immediately after data
Enter step (3)；
(3) respectively by the N of two detector arraytGroup view data carries out forming a frame detection figure after alignment splicing
Picture；
(4) complete in a scanning direction after default sampling number, the frame detection that each detector array correspondence is obtained
Image carries out splicing and obtains two width subpixel images according to the time；
(5) correcting mode is synthesized using moveout scan image, Nonuniformity Correction is carried out to two width subpixel images；
(6) two width subpixel images after step (5) process are matched；
(7) Difference Calculation is carried out to two width images after step (6) process, completes confusing backgrounds elimination, obtain residual plot
Picture；
(8) above-mentioned residual image is filtered, suppresses the random noise in residual image；
(9) each pixel in the residual image after step (8) process is processed, i.e., after pending pixel is processed
The pixel value of the neighborhood pixels of pixel value * α+four of pixel value=pending pixel, α is enhancing coefficient.
After the step (5) Nonuniformity Correction, the corresponding subpixel image of detector array with first imaging is
Benchmark, the corresponding subpixel image of the detector array of rear imaging is moved forward in scanning directionOK, LpRound
Several rows, detector array array pixel dimension is a × a.
Nonuniformity correction in the step (5) is synthesized by the way of correction using many alignment moveout scan images, concrete mistake
Journey is as follows：
(5.1) two width subpixel images are carried out into intersection splicing by row, forms the new stitching image I of a widthp1；
(5.2) to stitching image Ip1Every string image carry out Nonuniformity Correction, arranged after the completion of all column processing
To the image I after nonuniformity correctionp2；
(5.3) order of splicing is intersected according to the row of two width images in step (5.1), from Ip2It is middle to extract corresponding row respectively
Image, rebuilds two width and completes to arrange the subpixel image to Nonuniformity Correction；
(5.4) row will be completed to be rotated by 90 ° respectively at same direction to two width subpixel images after nonuniformity correction, is repeated
Step (5.1)～(5.3), image I after being correctedp3；
(5.5) order of splicing is intersected according to the row of two width images in step (5.1), from Ip3It is middle to extract corresponding row respectively
Image, rebuilds two width and completes subpixel image of the row to nonuniformity correction；
(5.6) row will be completed to rotate by the opposite direction that step (5.4) rotates to two width subpixel images of nonuniformity correction
90 °, obtain completing two width subpixel images of row, column both direction nonuniformity correction.
Gray scale stretching is carried out to the image after step (9) process, to improve picture contrast.
Present invention advantage compared with prior art is：
1st, the motion feature of moving target is made full use of, many alignment moveout scan imagings is comprehensively carried out and is set with data processing
Meter, detection imaging technology and image processing techniquess are organically combined, in imaging session using extension Sampling techniques point-spreading targets
Size, in data processing stage by background technology for eliminating, suppresses complex background, improves the contrast of target and background；
2nd, passed by the different disposal method of different phase and closely carry out moving target signal enhancing, reach raising moving target
The ability of imaging detection signal to noise ratio, for small dim moving target detection under complex background solid foundation is provided；
3rd, carried out by the way of active scan imaging using sweep mechanism, can meet on a large scale, the mesh in arbitrary motion direction
Mark strengthens；Scanning speed can be adjusted according to the change of target speed, meet the need of different motion speed targets improvement
Ask；
4th, because the explorer response of many detector array is inconsistent, two alignments are caused to there is overall intensity into image
Difference, the present invention can effectively reduce the gray scale between alignment image by the way of the synthesis correction of many alignment moveout scan images
Difference so that many alignment images are in same tonal range, can improve the precision of sub-pix matching.
5th, when two width subpixel images are matched, directly can be matched using conventional sub-pix matching process, but be matched
Efficiency and precision are relatively low；The present invention makes full use of detector array arrangement feature and the imaging mode for arranging, with first imaging
On the basis of the corresponding subpixel image of detector array, by the corresponding subpixel image of the detector array of rear imaging in scanning side
To forward movement LpOK, two width Rapid Image Registrations are carried out, are matched using sub-pix method for registering again on this basis,
Two width images match scopes are reduced, matching efficiency is improved, reduces matching error, improve matching precision.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1,2 extend Sample acquisition device two ways schematic diagram for many alignment moveout scans of the invention；
Fig. 3 is flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the detector array two field picture splicing schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that the width sub-pixed mapping of many alignment moveout scans two row of the present invention intersect splicing schematic diagram；
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and example elaborates to the present invention.A kind of many alignment moveout scan moving target enhancing sides
Method, flow chart is as shown in figure 3, step is as follows：
(1) many alignment moveout scans are constructed and extends Sample acquisition device, the device includes optical system 1, the and of sweep mechanism 2
Many detector array 3；Described Scan Architecture includes pendulum mirror and its drive shaft；Described many detector array are the spy of two alignments
Device is surveyed, detector array adopts NtIndividual detection array composition, the corresponding instantaneous field of view of pixel is IFOV, two neighboring detection array
It is arranged in parallel, stagger successively 1/N in vertical scanning directiontIndividual pixel, and detection array is set in scanning direction, in a sampling
Sampling S in lengthtIt is secondary；The sampling length is the corresponding instantaneous field of view of pixel；The moveout scan detection device sweep mechanism
Angular scanning speed beApart from d between two of which detector array, the target minimum movement speed of detection
Degree vmin, optical system focal length f, the ground sampled distance GSD of detector array；Described NtMore than or equal to 2；The StValue model
Enclose for St≥2；Below with NtIllustrate as a example by=2；
What Fig. 1 was given is front end scanning probe device；Incident illumination Jing comprising target and the emittance information of background puts
Jing optical systems 1 converge to focal plane after mirror reflection, form the picture of scenery, and drive shaft drives pendulum mirror according to default angular speed
Rotation, makes the picture of scenery inswept each detector array successively.When the picture of scenery is with certain inswept one of line of speed
During row detector, detector is sampled to the picture of scenery.What Fig. 2 was given is rear-end scanning detection device.Comprising target and the back of the body
The incident illumination Jing optical systems 1 of the emittance information of scape converge to pendulum mirror, and Jing pendulum mirrors reflex to focal plane, form scenery
Picture.Drive shaft drives pendulum mirror to rotate according to default angular speed, makes the picture of scenery inswept each detector array successively.Work as scape
During the picture of thing is inswept with certain speed one of detector array, detector is sampled to the picture of scenery；
Optical system 1 is the optical system of typical Cassegrain form in this example, is made up of primary mirror and secondary mirror, incident illumination
Line is incided on detector array after primary mirror and secondary mirror reflecting focal；
(2) scene in visual field is imaged in focal plane by optical system 1 and sweep mechanism 2 together, and drive shaft drives pendulum mirror
Rotation, the scene imaging in linear field with tandem two detector array on certain inswept focal plane of speed, two
Individual detector array is successively imaged to same position scene in visual field, imaging time intervalEach alignment detection
Device is imaged using extension sample mode, i.e. N in each detector arraytIndividual detection array is imaged simultaneously, obtains NtGroup figure
As data；Obtain immediately entering step (3) after view data；Simultaneously, each detector array is still according in step (1)
Arrange in a sampling length sampling number, be scanned imaging in scanning direction, be imaged respectively obtain N every timetGroup figure
As data, it is similarly obtained after view data and proceeds to step (3) immediately；For example, S can be sett>=2, then it is capable of achieving detector array
More than 2 times over-samplings in a scanning direction；
(3) respectively by the N of two detector arraytGroup view data carries out forming a frame detection figure after alignment splicing
Picture, splicing is as shown in figure 4, by NtGroup pattern intersects splicing.Sub-pixed mapping frame detection image is obtained by splicing,
Realize stretching of the target in vertical scanning direction；
(4) after default sampling number, the frame detection image that each detector array correspondence is obtained is entered according to the time
Row splicing obtains two width subpixel images；Default sampling number can use 200～300 rows, and increasing default sampling number can increase
Scanogram details, improves the precision that successive image is processed；Reducing default sampling number can improve the efficiency of data processing, because
This default sampling number can be adjusted according to practical situation；
(5) synthesize correcting mode using many alignment moveout scan images, heterogeneity school is carried out to two width subpixel images
Just, it is specific as follows：
(5.1) two width subpixel images are carried out into intersection splicing by row, as shown in figure 5, forming the new stitching image of a width
Ip1；
(5.2) to stitching image Ip1Every string image carry out Nonuniformity Correction, arranged after the completion of all column processing
To the image I after nonuniformity correctionp2；This step is poly- using Nonuniformity Correction method conventional at present, does not excessively carry out
Description；
(5.3) order of splicing is intersected according to the row of two width images in step (5.1), from Ip2It is middle to extract corresponding row respectively
Image, rebuilds two width and completes to arrange the subpixel image to Nonuniformity Correction；
(5.4) row will be completed to be rotated by 90 ° respectively at same direction to two width subpixel images after nonuniformity correction, is repeated
Step (5.1)～(5.3), image I after being correctedp3；
(5.5) order of splicing is intersected according to the row of two width images in step (5.1), from Ip3It is middle to extract corresponding row respectively
Image, rebuilds two width and completes subpixel image of the row to nonuniformity correction；
(5.6) row will be completed to rotate by the opposite direction that step (5.4) rotates to two width subpixel images of nonuniformity correction
90 °, obtain completing two width subpixel images of row, column both direction nonuniformity correction；
(6) on the basis of the corresponding subpixel image of detector array of first imaging, by the detector array of rear imaging
Corresponding subpixel image is moved forward in scanning directionOK, LpRound several rows, detector array array pixel chi
It is very little for a × a；
(7) two width subpixel images after step (6) process are matched using sub-pix image registration algorithm, specifically
It is as follows：
(7.11) with the corresponding subpixel image of the detector array being first imaged as reference picture, the alignment detection being imaged afterwards
The corresponding subpixel image of device is image subject to registration；
(7.12) gradient largest block is searched in reference picture；The definition of gradient largest block is：Calculate reference frame image
Gradient image, the corresponding pixel logic value of gradient that will be greater than image gradient maximum 4/5 is labeled as 1, is otherwise labeled as 0, shape
Into image be referred to as logical value image.Appropriately sized window is selected in logical value image slide, it is corresponding containing 1 most windows
Block is referred to as gradient largest block.Maximum in by comparing sliding window is determining the position of gradient largest block.Window size is built
It is vertical to adopt 50 × 50；
(7.13) it is, to picture, using based on the related image matching algorithm of gray scale, to enter to the gradient largest block in (7.12)
Row reference picture is matched with the sub-pix of image subject to registration.By reference picture is entered row interpolation obtain more intensive grid come
For target image search, the registration accuracy of sub-pixel is obtained；
(7.14) registration parameter calculated according to (7.13), carries out image conversion, after obtaining registration to image subject to registration
Image；
(8) Difference Calculation is carried out to two width images after step (7) process, completes confusing backgrounds elimination, obtain residual plot
Picture；
(9) above-mentioned residual image is filtered, suppresses the random noise in residual image.Every string to residual image
All pixels are processed one by one by (scanning direction) using sliding window.The size of sliding window elects odd number as, picture in window
The energy datum of unit takes median after being sized, used as filtering base value.The energy datum of center pel deducts filtering base value,
Obtain the energy datum after Filtering Processing.The random noise in residual image can effectively be suppressed by median filter process.
In this step, in addition to median filtering technology, it would however also be possible to employ other filtering techniques are suppressing residual error
Random noise in image；
(10) each pixel in the residual image after step (9) process is processed, i.e., after pending pixel is processed
Pixel value=pending pixel the neighborhood pixels of pixel value * α+four pixel value, to strengthen coefficient, α typically takes 2～4 to α；
(11) gray scale stretching is carried out to the image after step (10) process, to improve picture contrast, calculating formula such as formula (1)
Ien(x, y), to strengthen image, I (x, y) is not strengthen image, ImaxMaximum gradation value in not strengthen image,
IminMinimum gradation value in not strengthen image；
In this step, in addition to using linear stretch technology shown in formula (1), it would however also be possible to employ other non-linear drawings
Stretching method carries out gradation of image stretching.
Unspecified part of the present invention belongs to general knowledge as well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. the moving target Enhancement Method that a kind of many alignment moveout scan extensions are sampled, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
(1) many alignment moveout scan detection devices are constructed, the device includes optical system, sweep mechanism and many detector array；
Described sweep mechanism includes pendulum mirror and its drive shaft；The angular scanning speed of the sweep mechanism isIts
In between two detector array apart from d, target minimum movement speed v of detectionmin, optical system focal length f, detector array
Ground sampled distance GSD；Described many detector array are two detector array, and detector array adopts NtIndividual detection array
Composition, the corresponding instantaneous field of view of pixel is IFOV, and two neighboring detection array is arranged in parallel, staggers successively in vertical scanning direction
1/NtIndividual pixel, and arrange detection array in scanning direction, sample in a sampling length StIt is secondary；The sampling length is picture
Corresponding instantaneous field of view of unit；Described NtMore than or equal to 2；The StSpan is St≥2；
(2) scene in visual field is imaged in focal plane by optical system and sweep mechanism together, and drive shaft drives pendulum mirror rotation, line
Scene imaging in visual field is visited with tandem two detector array on certain inswept focal plane of speed, two alignments
Survey device to be successively imaged same position scene in visual field, imaging time intervalEach detector array is using expansion
Exhibition sample mode is imaged, i.e. N in each detector arraytIndividual detection array is imaged simultaneously, obtains NtGroup view data；
Each detector array is scanned imaging according to the sampling number corresponding sampling interval is arranged in step (1) in scanning direction,
Imaging every time respectively obtains NtGroup view data；N is obtained every timetThe process of step (3) is all immediately performed after group view data；
(3) respectively by the N of two detector arraytGroup view data carries out forming two frame detection images after alignment splicing；
(4) complete in a scanning direction after default sampling number, the frame detection image that each detector array correspondence is obtained
Splicing is carried out according to the time obtain two width subpixel images；
(5) Nonuniformity Correction is carried out to two width subpixel images；
(6) two width subpixel images after step (5) process are matched；
(7) Difference Calculation is carried out to two width images after step (6) process, completes confusing backgrounds elimination, obtain residual image；
(8) above-mentioned residual image is filtered, suppresses the random noise in residual image；
(9) each pixel in the residual image after step (8) process is processed, i.e., the pixel after pending pixel process
The pixel value of the neighborhood pixels of pixel value * α+four of value=pending pixel, α is enhancing coefficient.
2. the moving target Enhancement Method that a kind of many alignment moveout scan extensions according to claim 1 are sampled, its feature
It is：After the step (5) Nonuniformity Correction, the corresponding subpixel image of detector array with first imaging is as base
Standard, the corresponding subpixel image of the detector array of rear imaging is moved forward in scanning directionOK, LpRound numbers
OK, detector array array pixel dimension is a × a.
3. the moving target Enhancement Method that a kind of many alignment moveout scan extensions according to claim 1 and 2 are sampled, it is special
Levy and be：Nonuniformity correction in the step (5) is synthesized by the way of correction using many alignment moveout scan images, detailed process
It is as follows：
(5.1) two width subpixel images are carried out into intersection splicing by row, forms the new stitching image I of a widthp1；
(5.2) to stitching image Ip1Every string image carry out Nonuniformity Correction, obtain arranging after the completion of all column processing to non-
Image I after uniformity correctionp2；
(5.3) order of splicing is intersected according to the row of two width images in step (5.1), from Ip2It is middle to extract corresponding row figure respectively
Picture, rebuilds two width and completes to arrange the subpixel image to Nonuniformity Correction；
(5.4) row will be completed to be rotated by 90 ° respectively at same direction to two width subpixel images after nonuniformity correction, repeat step
(5.1)～(5.3), image I after being correctedp3；
(5.5) order of splicing is intersected according to the row of two width images in step (5.1), from Ip3It is middle to extract corresponding row figure respectively
Picture, rebuilds two width and completes subpixel image of the row to nonuniformity correction；
(5.6) row will be completed to be rotated by 90 ° by the opposite direction that step (5.4) rotates to two width subpixel images of nonuniformity correction,
Obtain completing two width subpixel images of row, column both direction nonuniformity correction.
4. the moving target Enhancement Method that a kind of many alignment moveout scan extensions according to claim 1 and 2 are sampled, it is special
Levy and be：Gray scale stretching is carried out to the image after step (9) process, to improve picture contrast.
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| CN103607547A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-02-26 | 江苏思特威电子科技有限公司 | Pixel imaging device for mirror image and imaging method for mirror image |
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