CN104127912B - Cochlea and the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlear hair cell - Google Patents
Cochlea and the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlear hair cell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cochlea and the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlear hair cell, it is by analogy cochlear structures and function, carry out the method for designing of bionical acoustic metamaterial, comprise the bionical acoustical device of intelligent wideband of the whole cochlear function of analogy and structure and the design of wideband mechanical wave energy retracting device, and the integrated cilium type composite bionic acoustic metamaterial design of analogy hair cell function and structure.The present invention is that the design of acoustic metamaterial provides brand-new thinking, to propose with mammiferous acoustic function organ cochlea as prototype, designs thinking and the specific design method of bionical acoustical material.Adopt this bionic design method, following effect can be reached: (1) realizes the Parameter Expression of complicated cochlear structures; (2) the wideband mechanical wave regulation and control that 20 ~ 20000Hz span reaches 3 orders of magnitude are realized; (3) realize wholely listening the wideband mechanical wave energy in frequency range to reclaim; (4) realize being low to moderate 21Hz, i.e. the low frequency vibration damping noise reduction of threshold of audibility lower limit.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to bionical acoustic metamaterial design field, be specifically related to cochlea and the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlear hair cell.
[background technology]
The life of occurring in nature, by the evolution of billions of years, completes all processes of Intelligent control, learns to natural, and comprising bionical will be the eternal theme of design of material with biological species ratio.By Bionic Design, we not only obtain the material of intelligence the same as natural biological tissue, even can also obtain the new material surmounting natural material in some aspects.At present, biomimetic material design has become the much-talked-about topic of design of material.In field of acoustics, bionical acoustical material is with a wide range of applications in noise control and acoustics camouflage etc.Bionic Design theory has also been introduced in the middle of the design of optical material and acoustical material in recent years, as researcher proposes a kind of bionical acoustic metamaterial of DNA and the optics Meta Materials with shape memory function.Research in the past shows, acoustic metamaterial can realize, with the structure much smaller than wave length of sound, involving mechanical wave regulate and control all-bottom sound, namely realizes small size and controls large wavelength.And cochlea is as mammiferous acoustical treatment organ, it ought to be the best prototype of bionical acoustic metamaterial design.
Cochlea is the core organ of auditory system, and be similar to spiral Limax shell, inner chamber is full of liquid, i.e. lymph fluid, and shell is bone wall.Cochlea is divided into three chambeies, and centre is separated by barrier film, is vestibular canal, scala media and tympanic canal respectively.Separated by vestibular membrane between scala media and vestibular canal, separated by basement membrane between scala media and tympanic canal.The primary structure completing auditory function is basement membrane and is in scala media and the spiral organ of Corti be attached on basement membrane, is made up of some special cells.In baroque spiral organ of Corti, major cell types has: hair cell, sustenticular cell, interior outer pillar cell.Hair cell comprises inner hair cells and outer hair cell; Sustenticular cell is several cells holding hair cell, comprises inner phalangeal cell, outer phalangeal cell, Hensen cell and Claudius cell etc.Hair cell also has the cilium bunch of V-type branch, 3 rows on each hair cell, the angle of release often arranged and length different.
The research of cochlea can trace back to ancient Greek the earliest, thinks that ear is a series of scalable resonant cavities at that time.To 20th century, create comparatively classical position theory and travelling wave theory.Helmholtz thinks, the transverse fiber of basement membrane makes response as tension force string, the corresponding high frequency response of short string of bottom, the corresponding LF-response of long-chord at top.Travelling wave theory aspect, B é k é sy in nineteen sixty by physics technology and anatomical methods, the forms of motion of basement membrane is directly observed first in the cochlea of people and many animals, systematically measure basement membrane to chordotonal physics characteristic, and propose travelling wave theory, for cochlear mechanics is laid a good foundation, and therefore obtain Nobel Prize.Except above-mentioned two large classical theories, comparatively famous " Cochlear amplifier " theory also having Gold to propose in 1948, and confirmed by experiment in 1977 by Russell and Sellick, this theory has combined above-mentioned two large theories at present, becomes the leading theory of current cochlear mechanics.
2010, the dual amplification mechanism of the people such as Tobias to basilar membrane was studied, and pointed out the interaction by cochlea internal structure and lymph fluid, Sound stimulat signal can be amplified more than 4000 times.Jessica etc. propose a kind of dual-travel-wave analog cochlea of two-freedom, consider the effect of epiphragma and basement membrane simultaneously.2008, Yang etc. propose a kind of membranous type acoustic metamaterial with dynamic negative mass, and the primary Calculation band gap of structure, can realize the wideband low bandgap of 100-1000Hz, Mei equals to be verified by test for 2012, and certification structure has extraordinary acoustically effective.Compared with this acoustic metamaterial, basilar membrane is then a kind of to stimulating the natural acoustic metamaterial of film type with more than 4000 times amplifications.
Basilar membrane is outstanding frequency analysis and selector, and can make accurate response to the acoustical signal that 20 ~ 20000Hz differs 1,000 times, Vespertilio and Cavia porcellus etc. also have wider He Ne laser scope.Due to the change of basement membrane elastic parameter uniformly continous, the lymph fluid of basement membrane both sides provides quality and delivers excitation, and peripheral cartilage provides constraint and the rigidity of localization.Therefore functionally, cochlear structures can be regarded as a kind of natural locally resonant film type helical form acoustic metamaterial.By this structure, wideband in audible sound threshold can not only be lived stimulate by local, and stimulus signal can amplify more than 4000 times.Because locally resonant can produce very large vibrational energy, and can be lived by local, and outwards not propagate, therefore this principle may be used for designing ideal high efficiency wideband recuperator.In fact, due to basement membrane being also dispersed with periodic hair cell and cilium, produce piezoelectric energy-conversion effect by the dynamic Contact of cilium and epiphragma, epiphragma act as the effect of piezoelectric.Illustrate that cochlea has possessed natural piezoelectric energy translation function, this electric energy be converted to leads to central nervous system by nerve, completes auditory feedback process.
Owing to basement membrane being dispersed with periodic hair cell, hair cell is distributed with again periodic cilium bunch, piezoelectric energy-conversion effect is produced with the dynamic Contact of epiphragma by cilium bunch, epiphragma act as the effect of piezoelectric, and periodically outer hair cell and cilium above bunch thereof then constitute modulation machinery property wave period structure.In sum, mammiferous cochlea is as mammiferous acoustics organ, and itself have many natural magical features, a lot of functional harmony Meta Materials is consistent, and a lot of function is that existing acoustic metamaterial is incomparable, as realized wideband response etc. with so small structure.Therefore, because cochlea has these outstanding mechanics acoustics behaviors and abundant mechanical characteristics, can by the design of the bionical acoustic metamaterial of cochlea, the design for acoustic metamaterial provides brand-new thinking.
[summary of the invention]
To the object of the invention is to mammal cochlear function and architectural feature, for prototype, provide cochlea and the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlear hair cell.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlea, comprises the following steps:
1) replace actual mammal cochlea helical structure with parameterized helix, and select start radius, termination radius, pitch and the number of turns four dimensional parameters of helix according to actual needs;
2) elastic membrane material is adopted to replace basement membrane, vestibular membrane and oval film three kinds of Elastic tissue structures;
3) flexible piezoelectric material is adopted to replace epiphragma structure;
4) resin or plastics are adopted to replace nest pipe Cartilage tissue constructs;
5) metal material titanium alloy is adopted to replace stapes footplate structure;
6) water is adopted to replace lymph fluid;
7) adopt 3D to print and carry out resin or the molding of plastic spiral nest tubular construction; Rubber film, flexible piezoelectric material adopt tool sharpening; Titanium alloy stapes footplate structure adopts Making mold;
8) on adopt glue rubber-based counterdie, vestibular membrane and flexible piezoelectric material epiphragma to be bonded in nest inside pipe wall that resin or plastics make; After being completely fixed, in nest pipe, injecting water, inside is full of; Rubber oval film High-strength glue is bonded at the hole place that nest pipe bottom plane is reserved, completes sealing; Then titanium alloy stapes footplate is bonded on oval film, completes the assembling of whole cochlea biomimetic features.
The present invention improves further and is: the thickness of gum elastic basement membrane, even width change, bottom is thick and narrow, and top is wide and thin.
The present invention improves further and is: elastic film structures side is furnished with flexible piezoelectric transducing laminate structure, when being subject to the displacement excitation that elastic film transmits, can produce the signal of telecommunication.
The present invention improves further and is: the bionical acoustic metamaterial of cochlea is from the narrowest side of thin film to the widest side, thickness and rigidity change from big to small, corresponding response frequency, from the high frequency up to 20000Hz to the low low frequency variations reaching 20Hz, covers all frequencies in the threshold of audibility.
The bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlear hair cell, comprises the following steps:
1) be cylinder by the single cochlear hair cell of periodic distribution and phalangeal cell overall simplification, the cilium on basement membrane, web plate and hair cell is reduced to square, adopts 3 d modeling software to carry out modeling to cochlear hair cell and cilium;
2) rubber elastic material is adopted to replace basement membrane, web plate, hair cell and phalangeal cell structure;
3) iron plate is adopted to replace ciliary structures;
5) bottom framework that plastics or resin material make and top frame structure is arranged respectively at web plate and side, basement membrane bottom;
6) adopt mould one-body molded go out hair cell, basement membrane and web plate three partial rubber structure, hair cell is between basement membrane and web plate; Respectively plastics or resin bottom framework and top frame are bonded at respectively the side of basement membrane and web plate with glue, and iron plate cilium is bonded at web plate top side, complete the assembling of cochlear hair cell biomimetic features.
The present invention improves further and is: the cellular construction of the bionical acoustic metamaterial of this cochlear hair cell is made up of two square elastic films, elastic film side is furnished with stereoplasm frame, by elastic cylinder, two elastic films are coupled together, two elastic films are equivalent to the effect of basement membrane and web plate respectively, and wherein the top side of web plate is furnished with the v block sheet that three aspect ratios are 4:2:1; Elastic cylinder is equivalent to the effect of hair cell and phalangeal cell, and iron plate is equivalent to the effect of cilium.
The present invention improves further and is: the minimum forbidden band frequency of the bionical acoustic metamaterial of cochlear hair cell is low to moderate threshold of audibility lower limit, reaches 21Hz.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following technique effect:
1, the present invention proposes brand-new acoustic metamaterial method for designing, namely based on the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of mammal cochlear structures and functional character;
2, the overall cochlear structures of analogy of the present invention can design the wideband mechanical wave energy retracting device covering 20 ~ 20000Hz in whole audible sound threshold and the wideband acoustic function device with accurate frequency-selecting ability;
3, the present invention adopts parameterized helical structure to instead of the random coil structure of actual cochlea, is convenient to adjust on structural parameter and processing and manufacturing;
4, the feature of the actual basilar membrane parameter gradients change of analogy of the present invention, can realize the position-frequency character pair of actual base film;
5, the actual cochlea of analogy of the present invention periodically hair cell architectural feature, the compound acoustic metamaterial of design, can realize the low low frequency vibration damping noise reduction reaching audible sound frequency range lower limit, forbidden band is minimum is low to moderate 21Hz.
According to the These characteristics of the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlea of the present invention, it can design wideband energy recycle device, have the wideband acoustic function device of accurate frequency-selecting ability, film type functionally gradient acoustic metamaterial, pilocytic composite bionic acoustic metamaterial etc., can be widely used in energy recycle device, senser element design and vibration and noise reducing.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is parametrization spiral cochlea biomimetic features schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the response curve of basement membrane to mechanical wave;
Fig. 3 a is hair cell recombiner unit structural representation; 3b is hair cell bionical acoustic metamaterial cellular construction schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 a is the energy band diagram of hair cell composite construction; 4b is the energy band diagram of the bionical acoustic metamaterial structure of hair cell.
In figure: 1 is basement membrane, 2 is phalangeal cell, and 3 is hair cell, and 4 is web plate, and 5 is cilium, and 6 is bottom framework, and 7 is top frame.
[detailed description of the invention]
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
See Fig. 1 and 2, the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlea of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) replace actual mammal cochlea helical structure with parameterized helix, and select start radius, termination radius, pitch and the number of turns four dimensional parameters of helix according to actual needs;
2) elastic membrane material is adopted to replace basement membrane, vestibular membrane and oval film three kinds of Elastic tissue structures;
3) flexible piezoelectric material is adopted to replace epiphragma structure;
4) resin that hardness is larger or plastics are adopted to replace nest pipe Cartilage tissue constructs;
5) high-strength metal material titanium alloy is adopted to replace stapes footplate structure;
6) water is adopted to replace lymph fluid;
7) adopt 3D to print and carry out resin or the molding of plastic spiral nest tubular construction; Rubber film, flexible piezoelectric material adopt tool sharpening; Titanium alloy stapes footplate structure adopts Making mold;
8) on adopt High-strength glue rubber-based counterdie, vestibular membrane and flexible piezoelectric material epiphragma to be bonded in nest inside pipe wall that resin or plastics make; After being completely fixed, in nest pipe, injecting water, inside is full of; Rubber oval film High-strength glue is bonded at the hole place that nest pipe bottom plane is reserved, completes sealing; Then titanium alloy stapes footplate is bonded on oval film, completes the assembling of whole cochlea biomimetic features.
Wherein, the thickness of gum elastic basement membrane, even width change, bottom is thick and narrow, and top is wide and thin.
Elastic film structures side is furnished with flexible piezoelectric transducing laminate structure, when being subject to the displacement excitation that elastic film transmits, can produce the signal of telecommunication.From the narrowest side of thin film to the widest side, thickness and rigidity change from big to small, and corresponding response frequency, from the high frequency up to 20000Hz to the low low frequency variations reaching 20Hz, covers all frequencies in the threshold of audibility.
See Fig. 3 and 4, the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlear hair cell of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) be cylinder by the single cochlear hair cell 3 of periodic distribution and phalangeal cell 2 overall simplification, the cilium 5 on basement membrane 1, web plate 4 and hair cell 3 is reduced to square, adopts 3 d modeling software to carry out modeling to cochlear hair cell 3 and cilium 5;
2) rubber elastic material is adopted to replace basement membrane 1, web plate 4, hair cell 3 and phalangeal cell 2 structure;
3) iron plate is adopted to replace cilium 5 structure;
5) arrange at web plate 4 and side, basement membrane 1 bottom the frame structure that plastics or resin material make respectively;
6) adopt mould one-body molded go out hair cell 3, basement membrane 1 and web plate 4 three partial rubber structure, hair cell 3 is between basement membrane 1 and web plate 4; Respectively plastics or resin bottom framework 6 and top frame 7 are bonded at respectively the side of basement membrane 1 and web plate 4 with glue, and iron plate cilium 5 is bonded at web plate 4 top side, complete the assembling of cochlear hair cell biomimetic features.
Wherein, the cellular construction of the bionical acoustic metamaterial of cochlear hair cell of design is made up of two square elastic films, elastic film bottom side is furnished with stereoplasm frame, by elastic cylinder, two elastic films are coupled together, two elastic films are equivalent to the effect of basement membrane 1 and web plate 4 respectively, wherein, the top side of web plate 4 is furnished with the v block sheet that three aspect ratios are 4:2:1; Elastic cylinder is equivalent to the effect of hair cell and phalangeal cell 2, and iron plate is equivalent to the effect of cilium 5.The minimum forbidden band frequency of the bionical acoustic metamaterial of cochlear hair cell is low to moderate threshold of audibility lower limit, reaches 21Hz.
In order to understand further cochlea of the present invention and the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlear hair cell, now it is described further.
(1) cochlea overall structure bionic design method
The cochlea of people is a spiral bone pipe, and bone pipe rotates 2.5 ~ 2.75 circles to cupula cochleae around the axis of cochlea and modiolus.Outer wall from the outer rim of osseous spiral lamina to cochlea, has thin film to connect, Here it is basement membrane, and it is also along with osseous spiral lamina spirals rising, through cochlea top.Basement membrane screws on liter from modiolus bottom plate, and through cupula cochleae, is always about 33mm.The narrowest near bottom, wide about 0.1mm, corresponding threshold of audibility upper limit 20000Hz; Top is the widest, and wide about 0.5mm, listens threshold value 20Hz under correspondence.Basement membrane is about made up of 29000 across grains.
Cochlea operation principle is as follows: when the mechanical vibration of sound wave arrive oval fenestrated membrane by ossicular chain, liquid and membranous structure in cochlea are passed in pressure change immediately, cause the vibration of cochlea lymph fluid, when moving in stapes, vestibular membrane and basement membrane just will move down, and be finally that the perilymph of tympanic canal oppresses round window membrane outwardly; On the contrary, when moving outside stapes, whole cochlea inner structure does again reciprocal movement, so cause basement membrane to vibrate, this vibration is along basement membrane forward direction with the form of ripple.In this process, in fact round window membrane plays a part pressure change in buffering cochlea, is the essential condition that vibration occurs cochlea inner structure.
Although the whole scala media of cochlea all deforms under the effect of lymph fluid, but except basement membrane and epiphragma are except fexible film, all the other up-and-down boundaries are all harder cartilages, and epiphragma also mainly plays with cilium generation nonlinear contact and form the effect of piezoelectric energy-conversion, principal vibration is completed by basement membrane.Therefore, this natural piezoelectric energy-conversion function of cochlea can compare in manufacturing and designing of energy recycle device by equivalet class, amplified by the equal proportion of size, elasticity good thin-film material substituent group counterdie, the metal material that rigidity is higher or inorganic material replace cartilage, flexible piezoelectric material replaces epiphragma, the good synthetic fibers of elasticity replace cilium, the water that viscosity is suitable with lymph fluid with density replaces lymph fluid, nerve fiber is replaced with wire, capacitor replaces nerve centre, just can form an ideal high-efficient wide-frequency recuperator.And by showing the cochlea research of Vespertilio and Cavia porcellus, if increase the spiral number of turns of structure, can also bandwidth be increased.
Due to the helical structure specific characteristic that cochlea has, the effect of lymph fluid to basement membrane is made to present very outstanding wideband response function.Can be known by locally resonant theory, because the elastic deformability of basement membrane differs very large with the cartilage of cochlea wall, this just causes inner vibrational energy by localization, and cannot outwards can propagate.Therefore only the recuperator similar with cochlea need be designed, replace epiphragma by flexible piezoelectric material and produce piezoelectric energy-conversion effect, then the position being equivalent to outer hair cell in cilium rear end connects the wire being equivalent to nerve fiber, again wire is received on energy storage device, just can realize high efficiency wideband energy regenerating.
Because this body structure of cochlea is irregular, comparatively complicated, therefore preferably can replace by comparatively regular structure, also realizing application in practice to actual design recuperator is like this significantly.Therefore the present invention replaces actual irregular cochlear structures by the parametrization helical structure of rule, is mainly used for helical pipe that simulation 2.5 to 2.7 encloses and basement membrane.In parameterized equivalent structure, the selection of some key parameters meets the requirement of cochlea feature, comprises the dimensional parameters etc. of basement membrane.The designed bionical cochlear structures of parametrization and inner basement membrane structure are as shown in Figure 1.In order to verify whether equivalent structure has same local area resonance functional with true cochlear structures, has carried out model analysis, and carried out fluid structurecoupling frequency response analysis to whole cochlear structures to basement membrane.Show according to research in the past, only need be divided equally by cochlea with basement membrane and cartilage is two chambeies, i.e. vestibular canal and tympanic canal, and the less scala media of accounting example is ignored and do not considered.
In order to the response condition on as analysed basis counterdie, fluid structurecoupling frequency response analysis is carried out to whole cochlear structures.In Frequency Response Analysis, constraint external wall of cochlear duct displacement, OC central point applying the sinusoidal wideband of 1N unit stimulates, and solving frequency range is 20-20000Hz, and response condition corresponding to basement membrane diverse location as shown in Figure 2.As can be seen from the frequency response curve in figure, the peak value of response of bottom position (node 205100) and middle part are compared not too obvious with top, only have a significantly peak value at about 17000Hz, and this and position theory are substantially identical; Centre position (node 205748) is about 2000Hz, 6500Hz (negative peak value) and about 8500Hz have obvious peak value, the peak value of about 8500Hz is more identical with position theory, all the other two peak values overlap with the peak value on top, may be because the resonance of lymph fluid causes; The peak value on top is more, and peak value and the position theory of about 2000Hz are comparatively identical.Enriching harmonic characterisitic and can find out from top, the mechanical behavior on cochlea top itself is very complicated, and this is consistent with in the past a large amount of results of study.Therefore, the complicated mechanical behavior that research herein describes cochlea top to a certain extent has inseparable relation with architectural feature, and this characteristic is not reflected in straight tube simplified model.
Generally speaking, although the parametrization that this aspect proposes simplifies analog cochlea due to structural parameters and material parameter and practical situation and there is certain deviation, can not the complex nonlinear mechanical behavior of the mechanical behavior, particularly cochlea top of approaching to reality cochlea completely.But this simplified model has possessed the mechanical characteristics that a lot of true cochlea has substantially, comprise the complicated mechanical behavior on position frequency match relation, wideband response characteristic and top.In fact, design the bionical acoustical devices such as wideband energy recycle device and do not need the mechanical property meeting true cochlea completely.Therefore, it is feasible for designing the bionical acoustical devices such as wideband energy recycle device with parametrization simplification spiral cochlea bionic model.
Shown by the response of basement membrane diverse location, the parametrization spiral cochlear structures set up effectively can simulate some special mechanical properties that cochlea real structure possesses, realize wideband response, this bionical acoustical device such as wideband energy recycle device of practical application can provide the foundation of simplified design for design, design complexities is reduced greatly, effectively increases the probability of practical application.The high efficiency energy retracting device realizing wideband like this for energy recycle device design be very valuable, because the energy of vibration noise is mainly distributed in medium and low frequency section, it can make the efficiency of energy regenerating bring up to desirable level close to 100%.In actual applications, can amplify model, such as amplify 1000 times, and the lower thickness of rubber film, as 0.5mm, like this, just the minimum natural frequency design of thin film at about 20Hz, the ideal effect of simulation cochlear function can be reached.Generally speaking, this device extensively can reclaim the energy that various mechanical wave produces, and this parameterized simplification modeling method has been enough to the designing requirement meeting high-efficient wide-frequency energy recycle device.
(2) the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of basement membrane Thin Elastic membranous type
Equally, adopt parameterized bionical helical structure to replace actual basement membrane structure, consider Trapezoidal due to during Geometric Modeling, giving steps thickness parameter when calculating by segmentation, carrying out equivalent simulation basement membrane Varying-thickness feature.Basement membrane bottom thickness is about 30 μm, and tip thickness is about 10 μm, divide into altogether 20 sections, and gradient is 1 μm, remains the cartilage connecting basement membrane in calculating.It is about 20Hz that model analysis needs the Expected Results reached to be basement membrane natural frequency corresponding to top, natural frequency corresponding to bottom is about 20000Hz, and the distance ratio with two ends should be looked in middle part, reach a middle natural frequency, namely in 20-20000Hz, substantially each section has response, and the natural frequency ladder distribution of correspondence.
By investigating the vibration shape corresponding to basement membrane diverse location, show that the parameterized model that the present invention proposes can meet this expection requirement substantially.But, according to the result of study of cochlear mechanics, the rigidity of the different section of basement membrane is not linear change, and the elastic modelling quantity of different directions is also different, therefore, analysis result can not reflect the mechanical response characteristic of actual cochlea completely, roughly can only meet the mechanical characteristic of cochlea in trend.Because the rigidity on basement membrane top is very little, and consider the application in actual energy retracting device, the basement membrane material attribute that the present invention selects is the material properties of silicone rubber, and has carried out thickness to top 5 segment unit and reduce 10 times of process, and object reaches lower initial natural frequency.
The major advantage of the bionical acoustic metamaterial of this basement membrane Thin Elastic membranous type is, by small structure, and whole sound wave and the mechanical wave listening frequency range of complete covering.By structural design cleverly, completely likely realize noise attentuation and the regulation and control of full frequency band in range of audibility.The acoustical behavior of this excellence is that current any acoustical material is all incomparable.
(3) the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlear hair cell
Owing to basement membrane being dispersed with periodic hair cell, hair cell is distributed with again periodic cilium bunch, piezoelectric energy-conversion effect is produced with the dynamic Contact of epiphragma by cilium bunch, periodically outer hair cell and cilium above bunch thereof then constitute modulation machinery property wave period structure, are the equal of a kind of natural acoustic metamaterial.Here analogy is hair cell structure periodically, sets up the threedimensional model of lattice, applies periodic boundary condition, then solves its vibration shape and band structure by finite element analysis software (as COMSOL).The isostructural parameter of the basement membrane provided according to previous literature, sustenticular cell, hair cell and cilium and material properties, establish the simplification crystal model of single hair cell and cilium bunch, model structure as shown in Figure 3 a.It should be noted that, the mechanics activity due to cilium is in a row movable, and be therefore created as physical model by often arranging cilium, research past according to this, this conforms to the mechanical behavior of actual cilium.
In the solving of above-mentioned model, first solve the front 10 rank natural frequencies of M point, then scan along first Brillouin-Zone path M → Γ → X → M, and obtain band structure.Consider x in computational process, the periodicity in y direction, namely set Bloch periodic boundary condition.It should be noted that, have some limitations in above-mentioned modeling.First, phalangeal cell and hair cell all simplify the column type in order to rule, and are not separated separately by Ciliary rootlet.Secondly, basement membrane is helical form Trapezoidal Varying-thickness, and hair cell is periodically less at width.Therefore, on the one hand, the material properties of basement membrane and structural parameters too coarse; On the other hand, the cycle boundary of basement membrane width can bring and certain solve deviation.In addition, even if because cilium is not when contacting with epiphragma, be also subject to lymph fluid effect, and can be with and solve middle this point and do not consider.
Because hair cell and this periodic structure feature of cilium are expected to the theoretical system expanding acoustic metamaterial, the original lattice structure of analogy here, devises the bionical acoustic metamaterial structure of a kind of hair cell.Because the characteristic frequency of hair cell structure is higher, 1000 times of amplifications are carried out to original structure, and localization process has been carried out to basement membrane and web plate.By the computation and analysis to designed bionical acoustic metamaterial structure, discussed the feasibility of this method for designing by its band structure, and analyze the probability applied in actual low frequency vibration damping noise reduction further.
For the hair cell periodic structure that the present invention sets up, solve the band structure that obtains as shown in fig. 4 a.As can be seen from the figure, there is not complete bandgap in this structure.Certainly, because the structure in cochlea exists without the need for band gap, therefore, this band structure can reflect the working condition of actual cochlea substantially.Because band structure in figure exists the straight band of a large amount of parts in Brillouin zone, this shows that the row ripple at these frequency adnexaes easily evokes the locally resonant mode of inside configuration.Therefore, by suitable parameter adjustment, be expected to form passband band gap at the straight band place of these parts.Owing to there being the potentiality of stronger appearance mechanical wave band gap in the band structure in Fig. 4 a, this natural architectural feature of analogy of the present invention, carries out suitable parameter adjustment, devises out the bionical acoustic metamaterial with band gap properties.From material, the engineering material parameter that biomaterial and a lot of conventional manual synthesize is suitable, and directly utilization biomaterial is also a kind of trend of future development, therefore from selection, solves trouble and worry.Functionally see, consider in practical application the vibration and noise reducing, particularly low-frequency range (below 500Hz) generally expecting to be realized by acoustic metamaterial in audible frequency.Therefore need to reduce the natural frequency of structure, this can amplify and realize by carrying out size to structure, before mention, structure is exaggerated 1000 times here, yardstick is mm magnitude, is so just expected to be applied in macroscopical vibration and noise reducing measure.
Analogy is in the design of actual locally resonant acoustic metamaterial, and in order to make structure produce forbidden band, basement membrane and web plate part can carry out localization process.Therefore, framework is added to each web plate and basement membrane side here, come lan board and substrate vibration of membrane, produce the effect of locally resonant.Amplify and structure after adding framework as shown in Figure 3 b.Find by calculating, if the material parameter of web plate and basement membrane are set to a magnitude, hair cell and phalangeal cell and cilium are set to a magnitude, like this, just can adjust longitudinal locally resonant band gap, as shown in Figure 4 b, there is the forbidden band of about 60Hz in the low-frequency range in 100Hz, is minimumly low to moderate 21Hz.If adjust parameter further, wider band gap can also be obtained.
But, due to the vibration characteristics that this invention emphasis is by analyzing hair cell and cilium, propose the method for designing of the bionical acoustic metamaterial of hair cell composite construction, and prove its feasibility and some possible realization means, therefore no longer carry out the adjustment that structure can be with.In fact, foregoing has described the feasibility of this design concept, reaches the research purpose of expection.In actual applications, can pass through, to the more deep understanding of cochlear structures, to come intelligent bionic acoustic metamaterial and the acoustical device of design function diversification.
Can find out according to above-mentioned data, the technique effect that the present invention reaches:
1, the present invention proposes brand-new acoustic metamaterial method for designing, namely based on the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of mammal cochlear structures and functional character;
2, the overall cochlear structures of analogy of the present invention can design the wideband mechanical wave energy retracting device covering 20-20000Hz in whole audible sound threshold and the wideband acoustic function device with accurate frequency-selecting ability;
3, the present invention adopts parameterized helical structure to instead of the random coil structure of actual cochlea, is convenient to adjust on structural parameter and processing and manufacturing;
4, the feature of the actual basilar membrane parameter gradients change of analogy of the present invention, can realize the position-frequency character pair of actual base film;
5, the actual cochlea of analogy of the present invention periodically hair cell architectural feature, the compound acoustic metamaterial of design, can realize the low low frequency vibration damping noise reduction reaching audible sound frequency range lower limit, forbidden band is minimum is low to moderate 21Hz.
According to the These characteristics of the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlea of the present invention, it can design wideband energy recycle device, have the wideband acoustic function device of accurate frequency-selecting ability, film type functionally gradient acoustic metamaterial, pilocytic composite bionic acoustic metamaterial etc., can be widely used in energy regenerating, senser element design and vibration and noise reducing.
Claims (4)
1. the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlea, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) replace actual mammal cochlea helical structure with parameterized helix, and select start radius, termination radius, pitch and the number of turns four dimensional parameters of helix according to actual needs;
2) elastic membrane material is adopted to replace basement membrane, vestibular membrane and oval film three kinds of Elastic tissue structures;
3) flexible piezoelectric material is adopted to replace epiphragma structure;
4) resin or plastics are adopted to replace nest pipe Cartilage tissue constructs;
5) metal material titanium alloy is adopted to replace stapes footplate structure;
6) water is adopted to replace lymph fluid;
7) adopt 3D to print and carry out resin or the molding of plastic spiral nest tubular construction; Rubber film, flexible piezoelectric material adopt tool sharpening; Titanium alloy stapes footplate structure adopts Making mold;
8) on adopt glue rubber-based counterdie, vestibular membrane and flexible piezoelectric material epiphragma to be bonded in nest inside pipe wall that resin or plastics make; After being completely fixed, in nest pipe, injecting water, inside is full of; Rubber oval film High-strength glue is bonded at the hole place that nest pipe bottom plane is reserved, completes sealing; Then titanium alloy stapes footplate is bonded on oval film, completes the assembling of whole cochlea biomimetic features.
2. the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlea according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness of gum elastic basement membrane, even width change, bottom is thick and narrow, and top is wide and thin.
3. the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlea according to claim 1, is characterized in that: elastic film structures side is furnished with flexible piezoelectric transducing laminate structure, when being subject to the displacement excitation that elastic film transmits, can produce the signal of telecommunication.
4. the bionical acoustic metamaterial method for designing of cochlea according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the bionical acoustic metamaterial of cochlea is from the narrowest side of thin film to the widest side, thickness and rigidity change from big to small, corresponding response frequency, from the high frequency up to 20000Hz to the low low frequency variations reaching 20Hz, covers all frequencies in the threshold of audibility.
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